Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-1
O. Kit, N. Popova, A. Shikhlyarova, E. Frantsiyants, T. Moiseenko, A. Menshenina, G. Zhukova, T. Protasova, Y. Arapova
Purpose of the study. Investigation of possible optimization of treatment in patients with breast cancer and cervical cancer with low-dose xenon therapy.Patients and methods. The study included 156 patients with pT1В2N0M0 cervical cancer (CC) and pT2N1M0 breast cancer (BC) of the reproductive age (29–45 years) after radical treatment, including forced surgical castration in hormone-positive breast cancer with concomitant gynecological pathology. Since the formation of pathological syndromes, 1 cycle (5 sessions) of low-dose xenon inhalation therapy (XT) was performed, with an algorithm for xenon dose calculation and exposure according to the exponential pattern of decreasing concentration and increasing exposure, with an individual approach. Together with general clinical and laboratory examinations, we used international scales for assessing the severity of the patient condition by the Kupperman menopausal index (MMI), ESAS, quality of life (MOS-SF-36), in a modification of the Russian International Center, pain (VAS); the types of general adaptive reactions were identified by the method of L.Kh. Garkavi.Results. Important advantages of a new method associated with a rapid regression of pathological psychosomatic symptoms were revealed after XT. MMI values (p<0.05) decreased, 96.8% of patients reported no pain at all on activity, manifestations of neurovegetative disorders significantly decreased (p=0.02–0.04), and the coefficient of antistress reactions to stress increased, which was congruent with the data on improving the quality of life. Conclusion. High efficiency of the technology demonstrated possible prevention of surgical menopause development and clinical manifestations of postcastration syndrome in order to improve the quality of life and social rehabilitation of young patients with gynecological cancers.
{"title":"Development of postcastration syndrome and corrective effect of xenon in exponential dose regimen in young patients with gynecological cancers","authors":"O. Kit, N. Popova, A. Shikhlyarova, E. Frantsiyants, T. Moiseenko, A. Menshenina, G. Zhukova, T. Protasova, Y. Arapova","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study. Investigation of possible optimization of treatment in patients with breast cancer and cervical cancer with low-dose xenon therapy.Patients and methods. The study included 156 patients with pT1В2N0M0 cervical cancer (CC) and pT2N1M0 breast cancer (BC) of the reproductive age (29–45 years) after radical treatment, including forced surgical castration in hormone-positive breast cancer with concomitant gynecological pathology. Since the formation of pathological syndromes, 1 cycle (5 sessions) of low-dose xenon inhalation therapy (XT) was performed, with an algorithm for xenon dose calculation and exposure according to the exponential pattern of decreasing concentration and increasing exposure, with an individual approach. Together with general clinical and laboratory examinations, we used international scales for assessing the severity of the patient condition by the Kupperman menopausal index (MMI), ESAS, quality of life (MOS-SF-36), in a modification of the Russian International Center, pain (VAS); the types of general adaptive reactions were identified by the method of L.Kh. Garkavi.Results. Important advantages of a new method associated with a rapid regression of pathological psychosomatic symptoms were revealed after XT. MMI values (p<0.05) decreased, 96.8% of patients reported no pain at all on activity, manifestations of neurovegetative disorders significantly decreased (p=0.02–0.04), and the coefficient of antistress reactions to stress increased, which was congruent with the data on improving the quality of life. Conclusion. High efficiency of the technology demonstrated possible prevention of surgical menopause development and clinical manifestations of postcastration syndrome in order to improve the quality of life and social rehabilitation of young patients with gynecological cancers.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84289412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-5
I. Lysenko, A. A. Barashev, T. Lapteva, N. Nikolaeva, E. Kapuza, O. Shatokhina, T. F. Pushkareva
Primary bone lymphoma is a rare presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It accounts for a maximum of 1–2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas in adults. Primary bone lymphoma is diagnosed in focal lesions of one or more bones; soft tissue and regional lymph nodes may be involved too. The exclusion criteria are only bone marrow damage and involvement of distant lymph nodes. The first symptoms include intractable bone pain often accompanied by local edema, the formation of a tumor mass in the affected area; B symptoms occasionally join. Local lesions of long tubular bones in the diaphysis and metadiaphysis regions are more common (80%), while multifocal lesions are less frequent (20%). Diagnosis of lesions of the bone tissue in its primary and secondary involvement is based on the use of all available research methods (radiography; computed, magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography). Differential diagnosis requires an immunohistochemical study with determination of the expression of total leukocyte antigen, B-cell and T-cell markers, and clonality in one of immunoglobulin light chains κ or λ, bcl 2 and bcl 6, ALK, proliferative activity of Ki-67. Evaluation of the effectiveness of various treatments for primary bone lymphoma is complicated by a small number of observations and the absence of a uniform treatment strategy. CHOP-like chemotherapy cycles are often used as first-line therapy. Personalized therapy involves immunochemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgical treatment — endoprosthetics.
{"title":"Rare forms of non-Hodgkin lymphomas: experience in treatment for primary bone lymphomas","authors":"I. Lysenko, A. A. Barashev, T. Lapteva, N. Nikolaeva, E. Kapuza, O. Shatokhina, T. F. Pushkareva","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"Primary bone lymphoma is a rare presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It accounts for a maximum of 1–2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas in adults. Primary bone lymphoma is diagnosed in focal lesions of one or more bones; soft tissue and regional lymph nodes may be involved too. The exclusion criteria are only bone marrow damage and involvement of distant lymph nodes. The first symptoms include intractable bone pain often accompanied by local edema, the formation of a tumor mass in the affected area; B symptoms occasionally join. Local lesions of long tubular bones in the diaphysis and metadiaphysis regions are more common (80%), while multifocal lesions are less frequent (20%). Diagnosis of lesions of the bone tissue in its primary and secondary involvement is based on the use of all available research methods (radiography; computed, magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography). Differential diagnosis requires an immunohistochemical study with determination of the expression of total leukocyte antigen, B-cell and T-cell markers, and clonality in one of immunoglobulin light chains κ or λ, bcl 2 and bcl 6, ALK, proliferative activity of Ki-67. Evaluation of the effectiveness of various treatments for primary bone lymphoma is complicated by a small number of observations and the absence of a uniform treatment strategy. CHOP-like chemotherapy cycles are often used as first-line therapy. Personalized therapy involves immunochemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgical treatment — endoprosthetics.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"31 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83732790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-6
L. Vladimirova, A. E. Storozhakova, T. A. Snezhko, L. K. Strakhova, N. Abramova, S. N. Kabanov, E. A. Kalabanova, N. Samaneva, Y. V. Svetitskaya, A. V. Tishina
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female cancer and the first leading cause of cancer death in women. Lumi‐ nal phenotypes represent about 70% of this disease. Treatment for metastatic hormone‐dependent HER2‐negative breast cancer in most cases involves various lines of endocrine therapy since their sequential use improves overall and relapse‐free survival while maintaining a high quality of life. Disease progression during such therapy may be associated with the development of primary or secondary resistance to the treatment. The reason for the secondary resistance is both a mutation of receptors for steroid hormones and activation of new signaling pathways. The study of these mechanisms has led to the creation of highly effective drug combinations for the treatment of hormone‐pos‐ itive HER2‐negative metastatic breast tumors. To date, clinical trials of three agents from the group of cyclin‐de‐ pendent kinases has been developed and successfully completed: palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib. These agents in combination with non‐steroidal aromatase inhibitors or estrogen receptor antagonists in randomized clin‐ ical trials increased direct treatment efficacy, overall survival and progression‐free survival rates. Clinical case of a menopausal patient with metastatic hormone‐positive HER2‐negative breast cancer with visceral metastases who received successive chemotherapy and a combination of the highly selective oral kinase inhibitor CDK46 ribocyclib with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole allowed to achieve a response to therapy for 27 months with CR for 8 months. The safety profile was satisfactory; side effects included grade 2 neutropenia, grade 1 arthralgia, grade 1 hyperglyce‐ mia and grade 1 increase in urea which did not had an adverse effect on the patient’s quality of life.
{"title":"HORMONE-POSITIVE HER2-NEGATIVE METASTATIC BREAST CANCER: DECISION MAKING IN REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE","authors":"L. Vladimirova, A. E. Storozhakova, T. A. Snezhko, L. K. Strakhova, N. Abramova, S. N. Kabanov, E. A. Kalabanova, N. Samaneva, Y. V. Svetitskaya, A. V. Tishina","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-6","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female cancer and the first leading cause of cancer death in women. Lumi‐ nal phenotypes represent about 70% of this disease. Treatment for metastatic hormone‐dependent HER2‐negative breast cancer in most cases involves various lines of endocrine therapy since their sequential use improves overall and relapse‐free survival while maintaining a high quality of life. Disease progression during such therapy may be associated with the development of primary or secondary resistance to the treatment. The reason for the secondary resistance is both a mutation of receptors for steroid hormones and activation of new signaling pathways. The study of these mechanisms has led to the creation of highly effective drug combinations for the treatment of hormone‐pos‐ itive HER2‐negative metastatic breast tumors. To date, clinical trials of three agents from the group of cyclin‐de‐ pendent kinases has been developed and successfully completed: palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib. These agents in combination with non‐steroidal aromatase inhibitors or estrogen receptor antagonists in randomized clin‐ ical trials increased direct treatment efficacy, overall survival and progression‐free survival rates. Clinical case of a menopausal patient with metastatic hormone‐positive HER2‐negative breast cancer with visceral metastases who received successive chemotherapy and a combination of the highly selective oral kinase inhibitor CDK46 ribocyclib with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole allowed to achieve a response to therapy for 27 months with CR for 8 months. The safety profile was satisfactory; side effects included grade 2 neutropenia, grade 1 arthralgia, grade 1 hyperglyce‐ mia and grade 1 increase in urea which did not had an adverse effect on the patient’s quality of life.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"388 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78024074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-4
G. Zhukova, A. Shikhliarova, A. Sagakyants, T. Protasova
The article has a problematic scripting nature. At the present stage, in addition to objective factors that make it difficult to create adequate experimental models of human oncogenesis, there is a significant backlog of domestic science in the development of this direction. This reduces the availability for Russian specialists of humanized immunodeficient animals corresponding to the level of research tasks. Based on the analysis of literature data, we discuss approaches that can expand the use of a widely available immunodeficiency animal model‑BALB/c nude mice. The possibility of using human mesenchymal stem cells that are not rejected by BALB/C Nude mice for local humanization of immunodeficient animals and improving the structural and functional characteristics of xenografts is considered. The possibility of obtaining xenografts of human glioblasts supported in the body of immunocompetent BALB/c mice after serial passages of organotypic tumor spheroids in the brain of BALB/c nude mice is analyzed.
{"title":"ABOUT EXPANDING OPTIONS FOR USING BALB/C NUDE MICE FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HUMAN MALIGNANT TUMORS IN VIVO","authors":"G. Zhukova, A. Shikhliarova, A. Sagakyants, T. Protasova","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"The article has a problematic scripting nature. At the present stage, in addition to objective factors that make it difficult to create adequate experimental models of human oncogenesis, there is a significant backlog of domestic science in the development of this direction. This reduces the availability for Russian specialists of humanized immunodeficient animals corresponding to the level of research tasks. Based on the analysis of literature data, we discuss approaches that can expand the use of a widely available immunodeficiency animal model‑BALB/c nude mice. The possibility of using human mesenchymal stem cells that are not rejected by BALB/C Nude mice for local humanization of immunodeficient animals and improving the structural and functional characteristics of xenografts is considered. The possibility of obtaining xenografts of human glioblasts supported in the body of immunocompetent BALB/c mice after serial passages of organotypic tumor spheroids in the brain of BALB/c nude mice is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87657783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-5
A. Sagakyants
The work provides information on the results of the Joint Immunological Forum, which was held from June 24 to 29, 2019 in Novosibirsk. The modern directions of the development of fundamental and applied immunology are ana‑ lyzed. Particular attention is paid to the discussion of the most issues identified in the section "Immunopathogenetic bases of tumor growth", which also presented the results of studies conducted at the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia for the study of isolation and study of the biological prop‑ erties of tumor stem cells. Noteworthy are the new advances in modern immunology, which clarify the hierarchical structure of lymphocyte populations, with the separation of various minor subpopulations based on the phenotypic, molecular genetic and functional properties of cells, whose role in ensuring the integrity of the body has not been ful‑ ly studied. In addition to theoretical reports, during this Forum the results of using new methodological approaches to study the structural and functional organization of individual links of innate and adaptive immunity both under model conditions and during the development of various human diseases were presented, the most promising ways to im‑ prove analytical and technological platforms were identified. In the crayfish of the Forum, several advanced training programs were implemented for employees of various levels of practical health care and fundamental science.
{"title":"UNITED IMMUNOLOGICAL FORUM: CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (NOVOSIBIRSK, 2019)","authors":"A. Sagakyants","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"The work provides information on the results of the Joint Immunological Forum, which was held from June 24 to 29, 2019 in Novosibirsk. The modern directions of the development of fundamental and applied immunology are ana‑ lyzed. Particular attention is paid to the discussion of the most issues identified in the section \"Immunopathogenetic bases of tumor growth\", which also presented the results of studies conducted at the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia for the study of isolation and study of the biological prop‑ erties of tumor stem cells. Noteworthy are the new advances in modern immunology, which clarify the hierarchical structure of lymphocyte populations, with the separation of various minor subpopulations based on the phenotypic, molecular genetic and functional properties of cells, whose role in ensuring the integrity of the body has not been ful‑ ly studied. In addition to theoretical reports, during this Forum the results of using new methodological approaches to study the structural and functional organization of individual links of innate and adaptive immunity both under model conditions and during the development of various human diseases were presented, the most promising ways to im‑ prove analytical and technological platforms were identified. In the crayfish of the Forum, several advanced training programs were implemented for employees of various levels of practical health care and fundamental science.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85304955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-3
Y. Gevorkyan, V. E. Kolesnikov, N. Soldatkina, D. Kharagezov, A. Dashkov, D. Kaymakchi, E. Mirzoyan, S. I. Poluektov, R. E. Tolmakh, O. Stateshny, V. Doncov
Purpose of the study. Was to improve the results of treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer using laparoscopic surgical technologies. Patients and methods. We analyzed the data on 311 patients aged 44–78 years with colorectal cancer and liver metastases; in 2005–2015, all patients received treatment at National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The main group included 161 patients with metastatic colon cancer and resectable liver metastases receiving laparoscopic surgery; 150 patients with the same disease receiving open surgery were controls. Results . The study demonstrated that laparoscopy with a combination of developed surgical techniques significantly ( р <0.05) reduced the number of surgical complications in the main group (1.8%) compared to controls (12.8%). Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving laparoscopy demonstrated higher, compared to patients with stan-dard open surgery, relative risks of cardiovascular and respiratory complications (HR=4.7, р =0.001), thrombohemor-rhagic complications (HR=2.8, р =0.05) and arrhythmia (HR=3.73, р =0.07), but lower risks of surgical complications (HR=0.13, р =0.001). Survival of patients with metastatic colorectal patients was statistically significantly higher in the main group compared to controls: log-rank test = 2.11 at р =0.035. Conclusions . Laparoscopy reduced the number of surgical complications, compared to open surgery. However, patients with comorbid pathologies showed higher relative risks of other complications.
研究目的:目的:提高腹腔镜手术技术治疗转移性结直肠癌的效果。患者和方法。我们分析了311例44-78岁的结直肠癌和肝转移患者的数据;2005-2015年期间，所有患者都在俄罗斯卫生部国家肿瘤医学研究中心接受治疗。主要组包括161例接受腹腔镜手术的转移性结肠癌和可切除肝转移患者;对照组为150例接受开放性手术的相同疾病患者。结果。研究表明，与对照组(12.8%)相比，腹腔镜联合先进手术技术显著降低了主组(1.8%)手术并发症的发生率(p <0.05)。与标准开放手术患者相比，接受腹腔镜治疗的转移性结直肠癌患者心血管和呼吸系统并发症(HR=4.7, r =0.001)、血栓出血并发症(HR=2.8, r =0.05)和心律失常(HR=3.73, r =0.07)的相对风险更高，但手术并发症的风险较低(HR=0.13, r =0.001)。与对照组相比，主组转移性结直肠癌患者的生存率具有统计学意义:log-rank检验= 2.11，χ =0.035。结论。与开放手术相比，腹腔镜手术减少了手术并发症的数量。然而，有合并症的患者出现其他并发症的相对风险更高。
{"title":"MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER","authors":"Y. Gevorkyan, V. E. Kolesnikov, N. Soldatkina, D. Kharagezov, A. Dashkov, D. Kaymakchi, E. Mirzoyan, S. I. Poluektov, R. E. Tolmakh, O. Stateshny, V. Doncov","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study. Was to improve the results of treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer using laparoscopic surgical technologies. Patients and methods. We analyzed the data on 311 patients aged 44–78 years with colorectal cancer and liver metastases; in 2005–2015, all patients received treatment at National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The main group included 161 patients with metastatic colon cancer and resectable liver metastases receiving laparoscopic surgery; 150 patients with the same disease receiving open surgery were controls. Results . The study demonstrated that laparoscopy with a combination of developed surgical techniques significantly ( р <0.05) reduced the number of surgical complications in the main group (1.8%) compared to controls (12.8%). Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving laparoscopy demonstrated higher, compared to patients with stan-dard open surgery, relative risks of cardiovascular and respiratory complications (HR=4.7, р =0.001), thrombohemor-rhagic complications (HR=2.8, р =0.05) and arrhythmia (HR=3.73, р =0.07), but lower risks of surgical complications (HR=0.13, р =0.001). Survival of patients with metastatic colorectal patients was statistically significantly higher in the main group compared to controls: log-rank test = 2.11 at р =0.035. Conclusions . Laparoscopy reduced the number of surgical complications, compared to open surgery. However, patients with comorbid pathologies showed higher relative risks of other complications.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81488297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-1
A. Avanesov, E. Gvozdikova, T. Tarasova, D. Khaydar, A. Vinogradova, I. Zakharkin
Purpose of the study . Assessment of the quality of individual oral hygiene in patients with squamous cell oropharyngeal cancer before and after radiation therapy. Materials and methods . Examined 76 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharyngeal region. For all patients, before and after radiation therapy, evaluated the hygienic state of the oral cavity using indices: index of individual hygiene (Green V.), Silness‑Loe index (GI), index of prevalence of periodontal diseases (CPITN). Results . The number of males was higher than that of females: 52 (68.4%) versus 24 (31.6%). Before radiotherapy, 52 (68.4%) patients had gingivitis, 66 (86.8%) had periodontitis, 43 (56.5%) had metal crowns, and 57 (76%) had destroyed teeth. All patients (100%) had oral mucositis after radiation therapy. We found a significant negative trend: the Green V. index changed by 29.2%, CPITN indicators‑by 38%, GI — by 31.2% ( p <0.05). There was also a direct dependence of the severity of oral mucositis on the total dose of radiation. Thus, patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharyngeal region develop severe oral mucositis with a total radiation dose of 30 Gy and above. The probability of occurrence of oral mucositis of 4 severity is possible in 2/3 cases with a total radiation dose of 40 Gy or higher. Conclusion . The severity of oral mucositis depends on both the total radiation dose and the initial dental status of the patient. Therefore, quality control of individual oral hygiene and periodontal support for patients with oral malignancies should be carried out throughout the patient's treatment.
{"title":"INDIVIDUAL ORAL HYGIENE QUALITY INFLUENCE ON THE SEVERITY OF POST-RADIATION MUCOSITIS IN PATIENTS WITH SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE OROPHARYNGEAL REGION","authors":"A. Avanesov, E. Gvozdikova, T. Tarasova, D. Khaydar, A. Vinogradova, I. Zakharkin","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study . Assessment of the quality of individual oral hygiene in patients with squamous cell oropharyngeal cancer before and after radiation therapy. Materials and methods . Examined 76 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharyngeal region. For all patients, before and after radiation therapy, evaluated the hygienic state of the oral cavity using indices: index of individual hygiene (Green V.), Silness‑Loe index (GI), index of prevalence of periodontal diseases (CPITN). Results . The number of males was higher than that of females: 52 (68.4%) versus 24 (31.6%). Before radiotherapy, 52 (68.4%) patients had gingivitis, 66 (86.8%) had periodontitis, 43 (56.5%) had metal crowns, and 57 (76%) had destroyed teeth. All patients (100%) had oral mucositis after radiation therapy. We found a significant negative trend: the Green V. index changed by 29.2%, CPITN indicators‑by 38%, GI — by 31.2% ( p <0.05). There was also a direct dependence of the severity of oral mucositis on the total dose of radiation. Thus, patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharyngeal region develop severe oral mucositis with a total radiation dose of 30 Gy and above. The probability of occurrence of oral mucositis of 4 severity is possible in 2/3 cases with a total radiation dose of 40 Gy or higher. Conclusion . The severity of oral mucositis depends on both the total radiation dose and the initial dental status of the patient. Therefore, quality control of individual oral hygiene and periodontal support for patients with oral malignancies should be carried out throughout the patient's treatment.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73511695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-07DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-1-7
O. Kit, N. Guskova, O. Selyutina, V. V. Dmitrieva, I. Novikova, I. S. Torpujyan, V. Zakharchenko
The aim of this work was to assess the significance of investigating clinical and laboratory parameters for diagnosing acute monocytic leukemia in children on the basis of a clinical case. The article demonstrates specific features of differentiating AML M5a from other forms of acute myeloid leukemia. According to the results of hematological, morphological and cytofluorimetric studies of blood and bone marrow samples, the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia was established. The morphological and phenotypic characteristics of blast cells hampered the diagnosis of an AML form. However, a comprehensive analysis of the expressed CD antigens allowed acute monocytic leukemia to be identified, which diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by a cytochemical study. Thus, the clinical diagnosis was established over a short period of time. This was of importance given the rising severity of the patient’s condition requiring immediate treatment, the initial hyperleukocytosis and the development of life-threatening complications associated with leukostasis in the lungs and the central nervous system. In the presented case, the clinical manifestations of the underlying disease and the results of flow cytofluorimetry were determining factors in initiating timely specific therapy.
{"title":"FEATURES OF A DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PEDIATRIC ACUTE MONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (AML-M5a) ON THE EXAMPLE OF A CLINICAL CASE","authors":"O. Kit, N. Guskova, O. Selyutina, V. V. Dmitrieva, I. Novikova, I. S. Torpujyan, V. Zakharchenko","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-1-7","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to assess the significance of investigating clinical and laboratory parameters for diagnosing acute monocytic leukemia in children on the basis of a clinical case. The article demonstrates specific features of differentiating AML M5a from other forms of acute myeloid leukemia. According to the results of hematological, morphological and cytofluorimetric studies of blood and bone marrow samples, the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia was established. The morphological and phenotypic characteristics of blast cells hampered the diagnosis of an AML form. However, a comprehensive analysis of the expressed CD antigens allowed acute monocytic leukemia to be identified, which diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by a cytochemical study. Thus, the clinical diagnosis was established over a short period of time. This was of importance given the rising severity of the patient’s condition requiring immediate treatment, the initial hyperleukocytosis and the development of life-threatening complications associated with leukostasis in the lungs and the central nervous system. In the presented case, the clinical manifestations of the underlying disease and the results of flow cytofluorimetry were determining factors in initiating timely specific therapy.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79615781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-07DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-1-3
T. Protasova, A. Goncharova, G. Zhukova, E. Lukbanova, S. Tkachev, M. V. Mindar
This article reviews modern ideas about the pathogenesis of chronic pain in cancer patients and describes main approaches to its relief. Special attention is focused on factors important for the development of a patient-specific approach to the pathophysiology and management of chronic pain syndrome. These factors include genetics, gender, age, early anamnesis, patients’ immunological and endocrine status, as well as those shedding light on the pathogenetic aspects of chronic pain thus facilitating the choice of an optimal therapeutic approach. The review identifies limitations of pharmacotherapy as the major method of chronic pain management and justifies the need for alternative approaches. The latter include monitoring of the circadian rhythms of pain and various nonspecific effects, such as physical factors, psychological methods or reflex therapy. The experience and possibilities of non–pharmacological methods in the complex pathogenetic therapy of chronic pain are analysed, along with preventive measures permitting the development of chronic pain to be avoided. The pathological disorganizing and stressful role of chronic pain is considered with regard to the theory of functional systems. The pathogenetic significance of chronic pain in carcinogenesis and cancer progression is illustrated by examples from scientific literature. The authors emphasize the necessity of effective pain prevention, including invasive methods, in order to ensure an acceptable quality of life for cancer patients at any stage of the malignant process.
{"title":"PROBLEM OF CHRONIC PAIN IN ONCOLOGY AND APPROACHES TO ITS RELIEF","authors":"T. Protasova, A. Goncharova, G. Zhukova, E. Lukbanova, S. Tkachev, M. V. Mindar","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews modern ideas about the pathogenesis of chronic pain in cancer patients and describes main approaches to its relief. Special attention is focused on factors important for the development of a patient-specific approach to the pathophysiology and management of chronic pain syndrome. These factors include genetics, gender, age, early anamnesis, patients’ immunological and endocrine status, as well as those shedding light on the pathogenetic aspects of chronic pain thus facilitating the choice of an optimal therapeutic approach. The review identifies limitations of pharmacotherapy as the major method of chronic pain management and justifies the need for alternative approaches. The latter include monitoring of the circadian rhythms of pain and various nonspecific effects, such as physical factors, psychological methods or reflex therapy. The experience and possibilities of non–pharmacological methods in the complex pathogenetic therapy of chronic pain are analysed, along with preventive measures permitting the development of chronic pain to be avoided. The pathological disorganizing and stressful role of chronic pain is considered with regard to the theory of functional systems. The pathogenetic significance of chronic pain in carcinogenesis and cancer progression is illustrated by examples from scientific literature. The authors emphasize the necessity of effective pain prevention, including invasive methods, in order to ensure an acceptable quality of life for cancer patients at any stage of the malignant process.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88489606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-07DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-1-5
A. Krasheninnikov, K. Nyushko, N. V. Vorobev, H. R. Maltzagova, B. Alekseev, N. Volchenko, A. B. Bruslinskaya, A. Kaprin
Prostate cancer (Pca) is the most common urogenital tumour in men. The most common histological form of prostate cancer is acinar adenocarcinoma. Rare morphological types of prostate cancer present an urgent clinical problem due to their aggressive course and the lack of rigorous standards for the management of such patients. Squamous and combined adenosquamous (ASC) prostate cancers are extremely rare histological forms of Pca, occurring in 0.5–1% of cases. The age of patients with these conditions varies from 52 to 79 years. Squamous cell and ASC cancers are among the most aggressive morphological types of prostate cancer. By the time of the diagnosis, most patients develop distant metastases, which are frequently localized in the lymph nodes and bones. In tumours of such a morphological structure, bone metastases are of osteolytic nature. The prognosis is unfavourable due to the rapid metastasis and development of the malignant process. The survival rate of patients averages 16 months after combined treatment. Only 20% of the patients with distant metastases at the time of diagnosis live longer than 6 months. In most cases, squamous cell Pca manifests itself through local symptoms, such as dysuria, bone pain and hematuria. The vast majority of patients have a normal level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum. Since ASC Pca is a fairly rare form of prostate cancer, no treatment standards have thus far been developed. Hormone therapy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are believed to either be ineffective or show low efficacy in the treatment of ASC Pca. In cases where ASC Pca is localized, surgical treatment in the amount of radical prostatectomy, cystoprostatectomy or simultaneous surgical interventions with rectal resection can significantly extend the life of such patients. The article presents the clinical case of managing a patient with ASC Pca.
{"title":"ADENOSQUAMOUS CELL CANCER OF THE PROSTATE: A CLINICAL CASE","authors":"A. Krasheninnikov, K. Nyushko, N. V. Vorobev, H. R. Maltzagova, B. Alekseev, N. Volchenko, A. B. Bruslinskaya, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer (Pca) is the most common urogenital tumour in men. The most common histological form of prostate cancer is acinar adenocarcinoma. Rare morphological types of prostate cancer present an urgent clinical problem due to their aggressive course and the lack of rigorous standards for the management of such patients. Squamous and combined adenosquamous (ASC) prostate cancers are extremely rare histological forms of Pca, occurring in 0.5–1% of cases. The age of patients with these conditions varies from 52 to 79 years. Squamous cell and ASC cancers are among the most aggressive morphological types of prostate cancer. By the time of the diagnosis, most patients develop distant metastases, which are frequently localized in the lymph nodes and bones. In tumours of such a morphological structure, bone metastases are of osteolytic nature. The prognosis is unfavourable due to the rapid metastasis and development of the malignant process. The survival rate of patients averages 16 months after combined treatment. Only 20% of the patients with distant metastases at the time of diagnosis live longer than 6 months. In most cases, squamous cell Pca manifests itself through local symptoms, such as dysuria, bone pain and hematuria. The vast majority of patients have a normal level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum. Since ASC Pca is a fairly rare form of prostate cancer, no treatment standards have thus far been developed. Hormone therapy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are believed to either be ineffective or show low efficacy in the treatment of ASC Pca. In cases where ASC Pca is localized, surgical treatment in the amount of radical prostatectomy, cystoprostatectomy or simultaneous surgical interventions with rectal resection can significantly extend the life of such patients. The article presents the clinical case of managing a patient with ASC Pca.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"38 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75210266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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