Neven Kovačević, Frane Mihanović, Linda Lušić Kalcina, Vladimir Pavlinović, Nikola Foretić, Tea Galić
Some previous studies suggested that children’s engagement in sports has been associated with the improvement of cognitive functions, especially working memory, visual-spatial memory, motor coordination and cognitive flexibility. The aim of this study was to compare cognitive functions between female and male youth water polo players and the control subjects – school children of the same chronological age who did not participate in organized sports activity. There were 23 female (14.65±1.11 years old) and 23 male (14.52±0.51 years old) water polo players (WP), members of Croatian National team enrolled in this study for cognitive testing (Stroop test). The control group consisted of 8 female (14.75±0.89 years old) and 18 male (14.28±0.89 years old) school students who did not participate in organized sports activity. There were no significant differences in psychomotor speed (Stroop Off), while youth water polo players showed better response inhibition (Stroop On) (WP 65.33±9.09 s vs. control subjects 72.78±11.97 s, P=0.030) and psychomotor ability (OnTime minus OffTime) (WP 7.22±5.18 s vs. control subjects 14.13±9.22 s) (P<0.001) than control subjects. The findings of this study suggest that children who participate in high-level water polo develop better cognitive flexibility than school students who do not participate in organized sports activity.
{"title":"Cognitive Functions of Youth Water Polo Players","authors":"Neven Kovačević, Frane Mihanović, Linda Lušić Kalcina, Vladimir Pavlinović, Nikola Foretić, Tea Galić","doi":"10.26773/smj.230714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230714","url":null,"abstract":"Some previous studies suggested that children’s engagement in sports has been associated with the improvement of cognitive functions, especially working memory, visual-spatial memory, motor coordination and cognitive flexibility. The aim of this study was to compare cognitive functions between female and male youth water polo players and the control subjects – school children of the same chronological age who did not participate in organized sports activity. There were 23 female (14.65±1.11 years old) and 23 male (14.52±0.51 years old) water polo players (WP), members of Croatian National team enrolled in this study for cognitive testing (Stroop test). The control group consisted of 8 female (14.75±0.89 years old) and 18 male (14.28±0.89 years old) school students who did not participate in organized sports activity. There were no significant differences in psychomotor speed (Stroop Off), while youth water polo players showed better response inhibition (Stroop On) (WP 65.33±9.09 s vs. control subjects 72.78±11.97 s, P=0.030) and psychomotor ability (OnTime minus OffTime) (WP 7.22±5.18 s vs. control subjects 14.13±9.22 s) (P<0.001) than control subjects. The findings of this study suggest that children who participate in high-level water polo develop better cognitive flexibility than school students who do not participate in organized sports activity.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74228515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Brito, J. R. Fernandes, P. H. Berbert de Carvalho, Ciro José Brito, E. Aedo-Muñoz, Dany Alexis Sobarzo Soto, B. Miarka
The study aims to analyze the acute effect of a Cross-Training benchmark on executive functions and physiological parameters according to performance. Thirty-two practitioners were divided according to their performance, Elite group (n=7; age: 28.9±4.7 years; practice: 50.0±13.3 months), Advanced group (n=10; age: 33.4±4.6 years; practice: 27.6±13.8 months) and Beginner group (n=15; age: 30.6±7.1 years; practice: 22.9±9.2 months). This research compares the groups and the pre-WOD and post-WOD moments for physiological (heart rate, lactate concentration, diastolic and systolic blood pressure) and neuropsychological variables (executive function); correlations between the physiological and neuropsychological effects of the benchmark. The results showed a significant difference concerning the performance of the WOD time (Elite: 177.1’±29.8’ s and the difference in executive functions regarding the comparison between moments: reading (Elite:76.4±20.2 percentiles), counting (Elite: 86.4±10.7 percentiles), choice (Elite: 89.3±9.8 percentiles), shifting (Advanced: 91.0±8.4 percentiles), inhibition (Advanced:76.5±12.5 percentiles), flexibility (Advanced: 93.0±6.3 percentiles), lactate (Elite:13.1±1.8 mmol/L), heart rate (Elite: 188.0±6.6 bpm), systolic blood pressure (Elite: 149.7±11.5 mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (Elite: 73.4±6.2 mmHg). Our findings confirm that high-intensity exercise could influence the physiological mechanisms responsible for the intervention in cognitive performance, improving executive functions.
{"title":"Acute Effect of a Cross-Training Benchmark on Psychophysiological Factors of Cross-Training According to Performance","authors":"M. Brito, J. R. Fernandes, P. H. Berbert de Carvalho, Ciro José Brito, E. Aedo-Muñoz, Dany Alexis Sobarzo Soto, B. Miarka","doi":"10.26773/smj.230702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230702","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to analyze the acute effect of a Cross-Training benchmark on executive functions and physiological parameters according to performance. Thirty-two practitioners were divided according to their performance, Elite group (n=7; age: 28.9±4.7 years; practice: 50.0±13.3 months), Advanced group (n=10; age: 33.4±4.6 years; practice: 27.6±13.8 months) and Beginner group (n=15; age: 30.6±7.1 years; practice: 22.9±9.2 months). This research compares the groups and the pre-WOD and post-WOD moments for physiological (heart rate, lactate concentration, diastolic and systolic blood pressure) and neuropsychological variables (executive function); correlations between the physiological and neuropsychological effects of the benchmark. The results showed a significant difference concerning the performance of the WOD time (Elite: 177.1’±29.8’ s and the difference in executive functions regarding the comparison between moments: reading (Elite:76.4±20.2 percentiles), counting (Elite: 86.4±10.7 percentiles), choice (Elite: 89.3±9.8 percentiles), shifting (Advanced: 91.0±8.4 percentiles), inhibition (Advanced:76.5±12.5 percentiles), flexibility (Advanced: 93.0±6.3 percentiles), lactate (Elite:13.1±1.8 mmol/L), heart rate (Elite: 188.0±6.6 bpm), systolic blood pressure (Elite: 149.7±11.5 mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (Elite: 73.4±6.2 mmHg). Our findings confirm that high-intensity exercise could influence the physiological mechanisms responsible for the intervention in cognitive performance, improving executive functions.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80355262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Antonijević, Dušan R. Stanković, Maša Antonijević, S. Bubanj, Milan Z. Manic, Petar Velickovic, M. Živković, Stefan N. Đorđević
Basketball is a popular team sport with a combination of alternating and high-intensity activities. Physical characteristics related to age and maturity can be quite important for developing the career of a young athlete. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in motor skills among basketball players with regard to their biological maturity. Using the Mirwald equation, the total sample of participants was divided into three groups based on their biological maturity: early-maturing (postPHV), normally-maturing (midPHV), and late-maturing (prePHV). The sample of participants consisted of 51 basketball players (body height 171±12 cm; body weight 63±15.7 kg; BMI 21.3±3.8). Tests of speed (5, 10, 20m sprint), explosive power of the lower extremities (the countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJwas), the countermovement jump (CMJ), and the squat jump (SJ)), and agility (the t-test, zigzag, and slalom test) were evaluated. The one-factor ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between groups in the slalom, t-test, and zig-zag test (p<0.05). On the sprint tests and tests assessing explosive power no difference was found. We can conclude that this group of participants showed equal performance in motor skills on most tests, regardless of their maturity status. The primary significance of this study is that it shows coaches the importance of understanding their players’ biological maturation for optimal selection, suitable training design, and a reduction in the risk of injury.
{"title":"Differences in Motor Abilities among Basketball Players in Relation to Biological Maturity","authors":"S. Antonijević, Dušan R. Stanković, Maša Antonijević, S. Bubanj, Milan Z. Manic, Petar Velickovic, M. Živković, Stefan N. Đorđević","doi":"10.26773/smj.230712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230712","url":null,"abstract":"Basketball is a popular team sport with a combination of alternating and high-intensity activities. Physical characteristics related to age and maturity can be quite important for developing the career of a young athlete. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in motor skills among basketball players with regard to their biological maturity. Using the Mirwald equation, the total sample of participants was divided into three groups based on their biological maturity: early-maturing (postPHV), normally-maturing (midPHV), and late-maturing (prePHV). The sample of participants consisted of 51 basketball players (body height 171±12 cm; body weight 63±15.7 kg; BMI 21.3±3.8). Tests of speed (5, 10, 20m sprint), explosive power of the lower extremities (the countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJwas), the countermovement jump (CMJ), and the squat jump (SJ)), and agility (the t-test, zigzag, and slalom test) were evaluated. The one-factor ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between groups in the slalom, t-test, and zig-zag test (p<0.05). On the sprint tests and tests assessing explosive power no difference was found. We can conclude that this group of participants showed equal performance in motor skills on most tests, regardless of their maturity status. The primary significance of this study is that it shows coaches the importance of understanding their players’ biological maturation for optimal selection, suitable training design, and a reduction in the risk of injury.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79889586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Situational efficiency of volleyball players depends on many factors, including specific ones in the area of morphology. The specialization of playing roles implies the performance of specific motor tasks, and therefore a specific combination of morphological factors necessary for the player’s efficiency. This study aimed to determine the somatotypes of groups of top-level volleyball players divided according to their playing role. The research was conducted on 40 (body height 192.22±8.58 cm, body weight 86.93±11.22 kg, age 24.18±4.97 years) male volleyball players from the Croatian A1 volleyball league. According to the playing role, 10 setters (body height 191.21±6.39 cm, body weight 84.12±8.76 kg, age 24.12±6.77 years), 10 middle blockers (body height 199.97±4.41 cm, body weight 94.82±6.67 kg, age 26.05±26.05 years), 10 liberos (body height 181.71±5.71 cm, body weight 74.97.21±5.59 kg, age 22.67±2.88 years) and 10 outside hitters (body height 196.06±4.34 cm, body weight 93.80±10.29 kg, age 23.89±5.53 years). Heath-Carter method was used for the somatotype determination. A statistically significant difference between the groups was detected in Body height, Body weight, Flexed arm girth circumference, Flexed calf girth circumference and Calf skinfold. The determined somatotypes for setters (2.8 - 3.8 - 3.4) and middle blockers (2.3 - 3.8 - 3.6) are mesomorph-ectomorph, and liberos (2.4 - 4.6 - 3.0) and outside hitters (2.5 - 4.3 - 3.1) are ecto-mesomorph. The results are in line with previous research. This confirms the importance of the longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton in volleyball. In the future, we can expect the growth of the ectomorph component, with a stagnation or slight increase in the mesomorph component of the somatotype in top level volleyball.
{"title":"Somatotypes of Top Croatian Male Volleyball Players","authors":"Tomislav Đurković, Marino Pašuld, Domeniko Kresoja","doi":"10.26773/smj.230711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230711","url":null,"abstract":"Situational efficiency of volleyball players depends on many factors, including specific ones in the area of morphology. The specialization of playing roles implies the performance of specific motor tasks, and therefore a specific combination of morphological factors necessary for the player’s efficiency. This study aimed to determine the somatotypes of groups of top-level volleyball players divided according to their playing role. The research was conducted on 40 (body height 192.22±8.58 cm, body weight 86.93±11.22 kg, age 24.18±4.97 years) male volleyball players from the Croatian A1 volleyball league. According to the playing role, 10 setters (body height 191.21±6.39 cm, body weight 84.12±8.76 kg, age 24.12±6.77 years), 10 middle blockers (body height 199.97±4.41 cm, body weight 94.82±6.67 kg, age 26.05±26.05 years), 10 liberos (body height 181.71±5.71 cm, body weight 74.97.21±5.59 kg, age 22.67±2.88 years) and 10 outside hitters (body height 196.06±4.34 cm, body weight 93.80±10.29 kg, age 23.89±5.53 years). Heath-Carter method was used for the somatotype determination. A statistically significant difference between the groups was detected in Body height, Body weight, Flexed arm girth circumference, Flexed calf girth circumference and Calf skinfold. The determined somatotypes for setters (2.8 - 3.8 - 3.4) and middle blockers (2.3 - 3.8 - 3.6) are mesomorph-ectomorph, and liberos (2.4 - 4.6 - 3.0) and outside hitters (2.5 - 4.3 - 3.1) are ecto-mesomorph. The results are in line with previous research. This confirms the importance of the longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton in volleyball. In the future, we can expect the growth of the ectomorph component, with a stagnation or slight increase in the mesomorph component of the somatotype in top level volleyball.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88145999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitris Daniil, K. Papadimitriou, Anestis Giannakopoulos, I. Ispirlidis, Giorgos Mavridis
The rapid and continuous development of basketball has necessitated the long-term training of young basketball players, enabling them to meet the ever-changing demands of the sport. The aim of the present study was to record the offensive competitive behaviour of men and boys by analysing world championship matches in order to determine whether the choice of tactics in them depended on the age category they belonged to. The sample of the research consisted of 2,997 actions performed by basketball national teams in Men’s (seniors) and juniors’ World Championships. The juniors’ category includes athletes 14-15 years old (U16). Offenses were recorded with the Sportscout game observation software. The recorded parameters are the following: age group, types of initiating an offense, offensive tactics, type of offensive, attacking from the perimeter & from inside the paint, screening in offense, pick and roll in offense, offensive inbound plays, inbound position, attack efficiency, shooter, shooting area/ position. Summarizing, the juniors’ group showed a higher percentage in offenses fast breaks, in motion offense, in the attacks that were starting after a steal and an offensive rebound. In addition means’ group had higher percentage in inside game and in pick and roll. Αccording to the above the offensivetactics depended significantly on the age group. This confirms the tendency of coaches to use continuity offences in order to train young athletes in all competitive positions rather than in a single one. Their next step would be to adopt the defensive transition tactic, found to have been adopted by the men’s group.
{"title":"Analysis of the Offensive Tactics Used by High-Level Basketball Players of Different Age Groups","authors":"Dimitris Daniil, K. Papadimitriou, Anestis Giannakopoulos, I. Ispirlidis, Giorgos Mavridis","doi":"10.26773/smj.230718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230718","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid and continuous development of basketball has necessitated the long-term training of young basketball players, enabling them to meet the ever-changing demands of the sport. The aim of the present study was to record the offensive competitive behaviour of men and boys by analysing world championship matches in order to determine whether the choice of tactics in them depended on the age category they belonged to. The sample of the research consisted of 2,997 actions performed by basketball national teams in Men’s (seniors) and juniors’ World Championships. The juniors’ category includes athletes 14-15 years old (U16). Offenses were recorded with the Sportscout game observation software. The recorded parameters are the following: age group, types of initiating an offense, offensive tactics, type of offensive, attacking from the perimeter & from inside the paint, screening in offense, pick and roll in offense, offensive inbound plays, inbound position, attack efficiency, shooter, shooting area/ position. Summarizing, the juniors’ group showed a higher percentage in offenses fast breaks, in motion offense, in the attacks that were starting after a steal and an offensive rebound. In addition means’ group had higher percentage in inside game and in pick and roll. Αccording to the above the offensivetactics depended significantly on the age group. This confirms the tendency of coaches to use continuity offences in order to train young athletes in all competitive positions rather than in a single one. Their next step would be to adopt the defensive transition tactic, found to have been adopted by the men’s group.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79033836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basketball is characterized by a set of alternating offensive and defensive phases generally limited by the change in ball possession, also known as conversion. The aim of this research was to evaluate the difference in offensive types between the winning and losing, noting the variance in game result. A sample composed of 2607 entities representing basketball offense was collected by random selection of 15 Euroleague playoff games. The collected data were processed by the Match Analysis System, and the offense was classified into three basic types: set, transition, and early offense. With nearly equal opponents there is evident a high dynamic balance of transitions, set offenses, as well as other forms of offense, therefore the initial results showed no statistical difference in the distribution and success of offensive forms between opponents in balanced matches. There is significant change evident when focusing on the game periods with the highest point differential. In these periods the winning teams showed above 20% more fast breaks, which is proved to be the most effective type of offense, in addition to significantly better 2-point and 3-point shooting efficiency during set plays. Even though the losing team in balanced matches successfully controlled most of the game, and perhaps even outplayed the opponent, the identified critical intervals (“scoring runs”) proved to be a decisive factor in the final outcome of the game.
{"title":"Relationship between Offensive Modalities and Results in Elite Basketball Games","authors":"Aleksandar Selmanović, M. Jeličić, D. Dizdar","doi":"10.26773/smj.230708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230708","url":null,"abstract":"Basketball is characterized by a set of alternating offensive and defensive phases generally limited by the change in ball possession, also known as conversion. The aim of this research was to evaluate the difference in offensive types between the winning and losing, noting the variance in game result. A sample composed of 2607 entities representing basketball offense was collected by random selection of 15 Euroleague playoff games. The collected data were processed by the Match Analysis System, and the offense was classified into three basic types: set, transition, and early offense. With nearly equal opponents there is evident a high dynamic balance of transitions, set offenses, as well as other forms of offense, therefore the initial results showed no statistical difference in the distribution and success of offensive forms between opponents in balanced matches. There is significant change evident when focusing on the game periods with the highest point differential. In these periods the winning teams showed above 20% more fast breaks, which is proved to be the most effective type of offense, in addition to significantly better 2-point and 3-point shooting efficiency during set plays. Even though the losing team in balanced matches successfully controlled most of the game, and perhaps even outplayed the opponent, the identified critical intervals (“scoring runs”) proved to be a decisive factor in the final outcome of the game.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90219064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bojan Rašković, Vanja Dimitrijević, D. Viduka, Vukadin Milankov, S. Ninkovic, N. Lakicevic, S. Nikolić, Tijana Šćepanović, B. Obradović
Combat sports are very demanding in terms of physical fitness as well as the risk of injury. Elite athletes during daily training due to specific movements can develop significant muscle asymmetry that can affect injury. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature with respect to total average value of hamstrings- to-quadriceps (H/Q) 60°·s-1 and H/Q 180°·s-1 in judo, karate, taekwondo and wrestling. We placed special emphasis on sex-based differences and possible asymmetries between legs in terms of isokinetic performance. This document was developed and reported in accordance with the Guidelines for Preferred Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for the relevant studies. Studies were included in the review if they were original and written in English and had to have H/Q ratio measured as an outcome. In total, data from 243 athletes from eleven studies included studies was analysed. The Mean of H/Q 60°·s-1 for all sports were: 58.33% for the right leg and 58.91% for the left leg. Women had higher values: 59.38% vs. 57.42% for the right leg and 61.35% vs. 56.56% for the left leg. The Mean of H/Q 180°·s-1 for all sports were: 71.44% for the right leg and 71.35% for the left leg. Women had higher values: 75.76% vs. 69.04% for the right leg and 73.39% vs. 70.33% for the left leg. All these values, combined for all sports, and divided into subgroups according to gender, show that they are within the recommended values. Combined results for all included studies showed that there was no asymmetry between the left and right leg. According to the results of the balance of the mentioned agonists and antagonists, which are crucial for knee joint stabilization during dynamic muscle contractions, we can conclude that athletes in combat sports do not represent a risk group.
格斗运动对体能要求很高，也有受伤的风险。优秀运动员在日常训练中，由于特定的动作会产生明显的肌肉不对称，从而影响受伤。本研究的目的是系统地回顾现有文献中关于柔道、空手道、跆拳道和摔跤中腘绳肌-股四头肌(H/Q) 60°·s-1和H/Q 180°·s-1的总平均值。我们特别强调了基于性别的差异和腿之间在等速运动表现方面可能存在的不对称。本文件是根据系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告指南(PRISMA)编写和报告的。检索了Web of Science、PubMed和Google Scholar等相关研究。如果研究是原创的，用英语写的，并且必须测量H/Q比率作为结果，则纳入综述。总共分析了来自11项研究的243名运动员的数据。各运动H/Q 60°·s-1的平均值分别为:右腿58.33%、左腿58.91%。女性的数值更高:右腿59.38%比57.42%，左腿61.35%比56.56%。各运动H/Q 180°·s-1平均值分别为:右腿71.44%、左腿71.35%。女性的数值更高:右腿75.76% vs. 69.04%，左腿73.39% vs. 70.33%。所有这些数值，结合所有运动项目，并根据性别划分子组，表明它们在推荐值范围内。所有纳入研究的综合结果表明，左腿和右腿之间没有不对称。根据上述激动剂和拮抗剂的平衡结果，我们可以得出结论，搏击运动中的运动员并不代表一个危险群体，这对动态肌肉收缩期间的膝关节稳定至关重要。
{"title":"Isokinetic Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Peak Torque Ratio in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Bojan Rašković, Vanja Dimitrijević, D. Viduka, Vukadin Milankov, S. Ninkovic, N. Lakicevic, S. Nikolić, Tijana Šćepanović, B. Obradović","doi":"10.26773/smj.230720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230720","url":null,"abstract":"Combat sports are very demanding in terms of physical fitness as well as the risk of injury. Elite athletes during daily training due to specific movements can develop significant muscle asymmetry that can affect injury. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature with respect to total average value of hamstrings- to-quadriceps (H/Q) 60°·s-1 and H/Q 180°·s-1 in judo, karate, taekwondo and wrestling. We placed special emphasis on sex-based differences and possible asymmetries between legs in terms of isokinetic performance. This document was developed and reported in accordance with the Guidelines for Preferred Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for the relevant studies. Studies were included in the review if they were original and written in English and had to have H/Q ratio measured as an outcome. In total, data from 243 athletes from eleven studies included studies was analysed. The Mean of H/Q 60°·s-1 for all sports were: 58.33% for the right leg and 58.91% for the left leg. Women had higher values: 59.38% vs. 57.42% for the right leg and 61.35% vs. 56.56% for the left leg. The Mean of H/Q 180°·s-1 for all sports were: 71.44% for the right leg and 71.35% for the left leg. Women had higher values: 75.76% vs. 69.04% for the right leg and 73.39% vs. 70.33% for the left leg. All these values, combined for all sports, and divided into subgroups according to gender, show that they are within the recommended values. Combined results for all included studies showed that there was no asymmetry between the left and right leg. According to the results of the balance of the mentioned agonists and antagonists, which are crucial for knee joint stabilization during dynamic muscle contractions, we can conclude that athletes in combat sports do not represent a risk group.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83326765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Radas, Rebeka Stojković, G. Furjan-Mandić, Jasmina Parlov
Rhythmic gymnastics is a combination of sport and art, in which flexibility is one of the most important abilities and plays an important role in the performance specification equation. However, there is limited systematic research on specific tests of flexibility in rhythmic gymnastics for recognising children's potential and tracking the training process. The primary purpose of this research was to construct a measurement instrument for evaluating flexibility that would be applied specifically to rhythmic gymnastics. The sample consisted of 41 female rhythmic gymnasts aged 10-12 (X=11.05, SD=0.84). All of them are members of two rhythmic gymnastics clubs from Croatia and registered with the Croatian Gymnastics Federation. We used three familiar flexibility tests: - forward bend on a bench, frontal split with hand support, split in a supine position - and one new test – frontal split on an elevated surface. Results of the statistical analyses have shown that the new test measures flexibility, which is required for success in rhythmic gymnastics. There is a significant correlation between individual measurements (p<0.001), so this test is considered reliable. It would be good to implement the new test when selecting children for rhythmic gymnastics as well as during transitive measurements in the training process.
{"title":"Construction of a Specific Test for Flexibility Assessment in Rhythmic Gymnastics","authors":"J. Radas, Rebeka Stojković, G. Furjan-Mandić, Jasmina Parlov","doi":"10.26773/smj.230713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230713","url":null,"abstract":"Rhythmic gymnastics is a combination of sport and art, in which flexibility is one of the most important abilities and plays an important role in the performance specification equation. However, there is limited systematic research on specific tests of flexibility in rhythmic gymnastics for recognising children's potential and tracking the training process. The primary purpose of this research was to construct a measurement instrument for evaluating flexibility that would be applied specifically to rhythmic gymnastics. The sample consisted of 41 female rhythmic gymnasts aged 10-12 (X=11.05, SD=0.84). All of them are members of two rhythmic gymnastics clubs from Croatia and registered with the Croatian Gymnastics Federation. We used three familiar flexibility tests: - forward bend on a bench, frontal split with hand support, split in a supine position - and one new test – frontal split on an elevated surface. Results of the statistical analyses have shown that the new test measures flexibility, which is required for success in rhythmic gymnastics. There is a significant correlation between individual measurements (p<0.001), so this test is considered reliable. It would be good to implement the new test when selecting children for rhythmic gymnastics as well as during transitive measurements in the training process.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":"152 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72511720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social capital consists of connections between individuals from which mutual trust and social networks arise. It is a term that encompasses resources that can be defined as social relations and social inclusion. It is an integral social factor that affects the social norms of an individual’s behavior. Social components are an important factor for achieving better success in sport. The level of social capital can be assessed with different questionnaires. As there were no existing validated instruments for assessing social capital in young tennis players so far, a new questionnaire in relation to competitive tennis players was made. The goal of this research was to construct and validate a questionnaire for assessing the level of social capital in young tennis players. The social capital questionnaire was filled out by 90 participants (age=16.53±1.18; girls N=31, boys N=59), who were, at the time, participating in an ITF level (International tennis federation) tennis tournament. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured with the Cronbach Alpha coefficient. When analyzing the reliability of the selected 12 questions, the reliability was determined Cr. Alpha=0.714 and the questionnaire validity was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. It is understood that many factors impact young athletes during their growth and development, and that social components and social ties play an important role in young athletes’ sporting careers. Through the creation of this questionnaire, future researchers will be able to further analyze and investigate social capital in tennis using it as a valid research tool.
{"title":"Developing an Instrument to Measure the Social Capital in Young Tennis Players","authors":"D. Novak, Filip Svalina, S. Subramanian","doi":"10.26773/smj.230705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230705","url":null,"abstract":"Social capital consists of connections between individuals from which mutual trust and social networks arise. It is a term that encompasses resources that can be defined as social relations and social inclusion. It is an integral social factor that affects the social norms of an individual’s behavior. Social components are an important factor for achieving better success in sport. The level of social capital can be assessed with different questionnaires. As there were no existing validated instruments for assessing social capital in young tennis players so far, a new questionnaire in relation to competitive tennis players was made. The goal of this research was to construct and validate a questionnaire for assessing the level of social capital in young tennis players. The social capital questionnaire was filled out by 90 participants (age=16.53±1.18; girls N=31, boys N=59), who were, at the time, participating in an ITF level (International tennis federation) tennis tournament. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured with the Cronbach Alpha coefficient. When analyzing the reliability of the selected 12 questions, the reliability was determined Cr. Alpha=0.714 and the questionnaire validity was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. It is understood that many factors impact young athletes during their growth and development, and that social components and social ties play an important role in young athletes’ sporting careers. Through the creation of this questionnaire, future researchers will be able to further analyze and investigate social capital in tennis using it as a valid research tool.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80609839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dražen Rastovski, Dajana Zoretić, Klara Šiljeg, B. Jorgić
The need to determine the factors that positively or negatively affect the acquisition of swimming knowledge arose with the development of various swimming programs. The aim of this research was to determine the connection between the level of anxiety and success in the process of motor learning in swimming training program for non-swimmers. A sample of 77 children, aged (11.00±0.71), participated in a swimming training program for non-swimmers for 20 hours according to the standard method used in the Republic of Croatia. In the first and last lesson, the swimming knowledge was determined by means of a scale of eleven grades that describe the level of acquisition of swimming knowledge. Level of anxiety was assessed by modified CSAI-2CSWIM anxiety level questionnaire. Correlation analysis determined that the level of anxiety has a significant negative correlation with performance in all three observed domains, cognitive anxiety -0.273 and -2.46, somatic anxiety -0.384 and -0.337 and self-confidence -0.420 and -0.308 with results on the final test and with progress in swimming learning. The results of the conducted research showed that the level of anxiety has a significant influence on the children’s swimming learning process.
{"title":"Correlation between Anxiety and Success in Swimming Training Program for Non-Swimmers","authors":"Dražen Rastovski, Dajana Zoretić, Klara Šiljeg, B. Jorgić","doi":"10.26773/smj.230709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.230709","url":null,"abstract":"The need to determine the factors that positively or negatively affect the acquisition of swimming knowledge arose with the development of various swimming programs. The aim of this research was to determine the connection between the level of anxiety and success in the process of motor learning in swimming training program for non-swimmers. A sample of 77 children, aged (11.00±0.71), participated in a swimming training program for non-swimmers for 20 hours according to the standard method used in the Republic of Croatia. In the first and last lesson, the swimming knowledge was determined by means of a scale of eleven grades that describe the level of acquisition of swimming knowledge. Level of anxiety was assessed by modified CSAI-2CSWIM anxiety level questionnaire. Correlation analysis determined that the level of anxiety has a significant negative correlation with performance in all three observed domains, cognitive anxiety -0.273 and -2.46, somatic anxiety -0.384 and -0.337 and self-confidence -0.420 and -0.308 with results on the final test and with progress in swimming learning. The results of the conducted research showed that the level of anxiety has a significant influence on the children’s swimming learning process.","PeriodicalId":22150,"journal":{"name":"Sport Mont","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78257083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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