Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-01002-3
James E Frampton
Ivosidenib (Tibsovo®), a first-in-class, oral small molecule, potent and selective inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1), is approved in the EU and USA for the treatment of adults with pretreated, advanced, mIDH1 cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). It is presumed to exert its cytostatic effects in this setting by suppressing 2-hydroxyglutarate, an oncometabolite produced by mIDH1 that impairs cellular differentiation and promotes tumorigenesis. In the multinational phase 3 ClarIDHy study in patients with pretreated, advanced mIDH1 CCA, monotherapy with ivosidenib once daily significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and almost doubled the disease control rate compared with placebo. Moreover, it had a favourable effect on overall survival (OS), which was also significantly prolonged after correcting for a high rate of crossover from the placebo group (permitted by the trial protocol). Ivosidenib treatment preserved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) relating to physical function, pain and appetite loss/eating and was generally well tolerated, with the most common treatment-emergent adverse events being low-grade diarrhoea, nausea and fatigue. Thus, ivosidenib represents a novel and valuable targeted therapy for the subset of patients with pretreated, advanced CCA tumors harbouring mIDH1.
{"title":"Ivosidenib: A Review in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma.","authors":"James E Frampton","doi":"10.1007/s11523-023-01002-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11523-023-01002-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ivosidenib (Tibsovo<sup>®</sup>), a first-in-class, oral small molecule, potent and selective inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1), is approved in the EU and USA for the treatment of adults with pretreated, advanced, mIDH1 cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). It is presumed to exert its cytostatic effects in this setting by suppressing 2-hydroxyglutarate, an oncometabolite produced by mIDH1 that impairs cellular differentiation and promotes tumorigenesis. In the multinational phase 3 ClarIDHy study in patients with pretreated, advanced mIDH1 CCA, monotherapy with ivosidenib once daily significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and almost doubled the disease control rate compared with placebo. Moreover, it had a favourable effect on overall survival (OS), which was also significantly prolonged after correcting for a high rate of crossover from the placebo group (permitted by the trial protocol). Ivosidenib treatment preserved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) relating to physical function, pain and appetite loss/eating and was generally well tolerated, with the most common treatment-emergent adverse events being low-grade diarrhoea, nausea and fatigue. Thus, ivosidenib represents a novel and valuable targeted therapy for the subset of patients with pretreated, advanced CCA tumors harbouring mIDH1.</p>","PeriodicalId":22195,"journal":{"name":"Targeted Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-01007-y
Simon Fung, Yahiya Y Syed
Durvalumab (Imfinzi®), a therapeutic human monoclonal antibody which binds to and blocks the activity of the immunosuppressive programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein, is approved in the USA, EU, Japan and other countries in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin for adults with advanced biliary tract cancer. In the pivotal phase 3 TOPAZ-1 trial, durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival compared with placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in adults with advanced biliary tract cancer. Benefit from durvalumab was seen irrespective of primary tumour location, disease status at diagnosis (unresectable or recurrent), or initial levels of PD-L1 expression. The tolerability of durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin was manageable. Overall, the addition of durvalumab to gemcitabine and cisplatin is a valuable new treatment option for adults with advanced biliary tract cancer.
{"title":"Durvalumab: A Review in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer.","authors":"Simon Fung, Yahiya Y Syed","doi":"10.1007/s11523-023-01007-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11523-023-01007-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Durvalumab (Imfinzi<sup>®</sup>), a therapeutic human monoclonal antibody which binds to and blocks the activity of the immunosuppressive programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein, is approved in the USA, EU, Japan and other countries in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin for adults with advanced biliary tract cancer. In the pivotal phase 3 TOPAZ-1 trial, durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival compared with placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in adults with advanced biliary tract cancer. Benefit from durvalumab was seen irrespective of primary tumour location, disease status at diagnosis (unresectable or recurrent), or initial levels of PD-L1 expression. The tolerability of durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin was manageable. Overall, the addition of durvalumab to gemcitabine and cisplatin is a valuable new treatment option for adults with advanced biliary tract cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":22195,"journal":{"name":"Targeted Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-01001-4
Danilo De Novellis, Raffaele Fontana, Salvatore Palmieri, Roberta Della Pepa, Maria Di Perna, Giusy Cetani, Daniela Esposito, Angela Amendola, Giuseppe Delle Cave, Bianca Serio, Denise Morini, Michela Rizzo, Laura Mettivier, Fabio Trastulli, Stefano Rocco, Anastasia Pagano, Serafina Barbato, Aldo Leone, Martina La Magna, Rosario Bianco, Gabriella Rascato, Angela Carobene, Bianca Cuffa, Marialuigia Iannalfo, Valentina Giudice, Gino Svanera, Mario Annunziata, Michele Pizzuti, Ferdinando Frigeri, Catello Califano, Felicetto Ferrara, Fabrizio Pane, Carmine Selleri
Background: Daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, is used for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and light chain amyloidosis at an intravenous dosage of 16 mg/kg or at a subcutaneous fixed dose of 1800 mg. However, the subcutaneous formulation has only recently been approved in Europe, and real-life data on its safety are still few.
Objective: In this multicenter retrospective real-life experience, we provided evidence for the safety of subcutaneous daratumumab in plasma cell disorders.
Patients and methods: A total of 189 patients diagnosed with MM or light chain amyloidosis were included in this retrospective study, and all subjects were daratumumab-naïve. Primary endpoint was safety of subcutaneous daratumumab, especially for infusion-related reaction (IRR) incidence and severity. All patients received premedication with dexamethasone, paracetamol, and antihistamine, with montelukast usage in 85% of cases.
Results: Eight patients (4%) experienced IRRs, mainly of grade I-II, and other frequent toxicities were: hematological (thrombocytopenia, 4%; neutropenia, 5%; lymphopenia, 6%) and non-hematological (pneumonia, 4%; diarrhea, 2%; and cytomegalovirus reactivation, 0.5%). In our multicenter retrospective real-life experience, subcutaneous daratumumab was well-tolerated with an excellent safety profile with a very low (4%) IRR incidence, even in frailer MM patients with severe renal impairment or increased body weight.
Conclusions: Subcutaneous daratumumab was safe in a real-life setting including patients with severe renal failure and advanced disease. However, further studies on larger and prospective cohorts are required to confirm our real-life observations.
{"title":"Safety of Subcutaneous Daratumumab in Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody-Naïve Patients with Plasma Cell Disorders: A Multicenter Real-Life Experience.","authors":"Danilo De Novellis, Raffaele Fontana, Salvatore Palmieri, Roberta Della Pepa, Maria Di Perna, Giusy Cetani, Daniela Esposito, Angela Amendola, Giuseppe Delle Cave, Bianca Serio, Denise Morini, Michela Rizzo, Laura Mettivier, Fabio Trastulli, Stefano Rocco, Anastasia Pagano, Serafina Barbato, Aldo Leone, Martina La Magna, Rosario Bianco, Gabriella Rascato, Angela Carobene, Bianca Cuffa, Marialuigia Iannalfo, Valentina Giudice, Gino Svanera, Mario Annunziata, Michele Pizzuti, Ferdinando Frigeri, Catello Califano, Felicetto Ferrara, Fabrizio Pane, Carmine Selleri","doi":"10.1007/s11523-023-01001-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11523-023-01001-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, is used for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and light chain amyloidosis at an intravenous dosage of 16 mg/kg or at a subcutaneous fixed dose of 1800 mg. However, the subcutaneous formulation has only recently been approved in Europe, and real-life data on its safety are still few.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this multicenter retrospective real-life experience, we provided evidence for the safety of subcutaneous daratumumab in plasma cell disorders.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 189 patients diagnosed with MM or light chain amyloidosis were included in this retrospective study, and all subjects were daratumumab-naïve. Primary endpoint was safety of subcutaneous daratumumab, especially for infusion-related reaction (IRR) incidence and severity. All patients received premedication with dexamethasone, paracetamol, and antihistamine, with montelukast usage in 85% of cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight patients (4%) experienced IRRs, mainly of grade I-II, and other frequent toxicities were: hematological (thrombocytopenia, 4%; neutropenia, 5%; lymphopenia, 6%) and non-hematological (pneumonia, 4%; diarrhea, 2%; and cytomegalovirus reactivation, 0.5%). In our multicenter retrospective real-life experience, subcutaneous daratumumab was well-tolerated with an excellent safety profile with a very low (4%) IRR incidence, even in frailer MM patients with severe renal impairment or increased body weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Subcutaneous daratumumab was safe in a real-life setting including patients with severe renal failure and advanced disease. However, further studies on larger and prospective cohorts are required to confirm our real-life observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":22195,"journal":{"name":"Targeted Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41178316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-01008-x
Lauren C Bylsma, Xerxes Pundole, Chia-Hsin Ju, Naushin Hooda, Naimisha Movva, Ehab Elkhouly, Gwyn Bebb, Jon Fryzek, Pablo Martinez, Akhila Balasubramanian, Anne-Marie C Dingemans
Background: Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), a member of the Notch pathway, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target as it is highly expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a subtype accounting for 15% of lung cancer cases.
Objective: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to understand the prevalence and prognostic impact of DLL3 expression on survival of patients with SCLC and treatment response.
Patients and methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted across multiple databases to capture studies of any SCLC population that evaluated DLL3 expression. Specific outcomes of interest included prevalence of DLL3 expression, method of expression analysis, and impact on outcome, including treatment response and survival (overall, progression-free, disease-free) according to varying levels of DLL3 expression/positivity. Standard risk of bias tools were used to evaluate study quality.
Results: Among the 30 included studies, the most common DLL3 testing method was immunohistochemistry (N = 26, 86.7%). For comparability, results focused on the 13 (22.3%) studies that used the Ventana DLL3 (SP347) immunohistochemistry assay. The prevalence of DLL3 positivity ranged from 80.0-93.5% for studies using a threshold of ≥ 1% of tumor cells (N = 4) and 58.3-91.1% for studies with a ≥ 25% threshold (N = 4). DLL3 expression was generally categorized as high using cutoffs of ≥ 50% (prevalence range: 45.8-79.5%; N = 6) or ≥ 75% (prevalence range: 47.3-75.6%; N = 5) of cells with positivity. Two studies used an H-score of ≥ 150 to define high DLL3 expression with prevalence ranging from 33.3-53.1%. No consistent associations were seen between DLL3 expression level and patient age, sex, smoking history, or disease stage. Two studies reported change in DLL3 expression category (high versus low) before and after chemotherapy. No statistically significant differences were reported between DLL3 expression groups and survival (overall, progression-free, or disease-free) or treatment response.
Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of DLL3 expression in SCLC. Further research and analytical methods may help to characterize different populations of patients with SCLC based on DLL3 expression. While no significant prognostic factor in the included studies was identified, additional cohort studies using standardized methodology, with longer follow-up, are needed to better characterize any potential differences in patient survival or response by DLL3 expression level in SCLC.
{"title":"Systematic Literature Review of the Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Delta-Like Ligand 3 Protein Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Lauren C Bylsma, Xerxes Pundole, Chia-Hsin Ju, Naushin Hooda, Naimisha Movva, Ehab Elkhouly, Gwyn Bebb, Jon Fryzek, Pablo Martinez, Akhila Balasubramanian, Anne-Marie C Dingemans","doi":"10.1007/s11523-023-01008-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11523-023-01008-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), a member of the Notch pathway, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target as it is highly expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a subtype accounting for 15% of lung cancer cases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to understand the prevalence and prognostic impact of DLL3 expression on survival of patients with SCLC and treatment response.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Systematic literature searches were conducted across multiple databases to capture studies of any SCLC population that evaluated DLL3 expression. Specific outcomes of interest included prevalence of DLL3 expression, method of expression analysis, and impact on outcome, including treatment response and survival (overall, progression-free, disease-free) according to varying levels of DLL3 expression/positivity. Standard risk of bias tools were used to evaluate study quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 30 included studies, the most common DLL3 testing method was immunohistochemistry (N = 26, 86.7%). For comparability, results focused on the 13 (22.3%) studies that used the Ventana DLL3 (SP347) immunohistochemistry assay. The prevalence of DLL3 positivity ranged from 80.0-93.5% for studies using a threshold of ≥ 1% of tumor cells (N = 4) and 58.3-91.1% for studies with a ≥ 25% threshold (N = 4). DLL3 expression was generally categorized as high using cutoffs of ≥ 50% (prevalence range: 45.8-79.5%; N = 6) or ≥ 75% (prevalence range: 47.3-75.6%; N = 5) of cells with positivity. Two studies used an H-score of ≥ 150 to define high DLL3 expression with prevalence ranging from 33.3-53.1%. No consistent associations were seen between DLL3 expression level and patient age, sex, smoking history, or disease stage. Two studies reported change in DLL3 expression category (high versus low) before and after chemotherapy. No statistically significant differences were reported between DLL3 expression groups and survival (overall, progression-free, or disease-free) or treatment response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a high prevalence of DLL3 expression in SCLC. Further research and analytical methods may help to characterize different populations of patients with SCLC based on DLL3 expression. While no significant prognostic factor in the included studies was identified, additional cohort studies using standardized methodology, with longer follow-up, are needed to better characterize any potential differences in patient survival or response by DLL3 expression level in SCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":22195,"journal":{"name":"Targeted Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71486374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Although ALK-translocated (ALK+) advanced non-small cell lung cancers (aNSCLCs) are currently treated with second- or third-generation ALK inhibitors (ALK-TKIs), some patients respond durably to the first-generation ALK-TKI crizotinib.
Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of these long-term responders.
Patients and methods: This national, multicenter, retrospective, non-interventional study included patients with ALK+ aNSCLCs and long-term responses to first (L1)- or subsequent (≥ L2)-line crizotinib, defined, respectively, as treatments lasting > 18 and > 10 months. Median treatment duration (mDOT) was the primary endpoint.
Results: A total of 85 patients (32 L1 and 53 ≥ L2 responders) from 23 centers were included (receiving crizotinib between 10/24/2011-10/02/2018): median age of 59 years, 83.6% non-smokers or ex-smokers, 85.9% performance status (PS) 0/1, 94.1% with adenocarcinomas, median of one metastatic site, and 22.4% with brain metastases (BMs). After median follow-up of 73.4 [95% confidence interval, 67.5-79.9] months, respective L1 and ≥ L2 mDOTs were 43.3 [26.7-56.8] and 29.6 [22.6-35.8] months, with overall survival (OS) not reached (NR) and 116.2 [83.4-NR] months. BM presence or absence did not affect mDOT (31.4 versus 32.9 months) but significantly impacted median OS (70.6 versus 158.6 months; p = 0.0008). Progression on crizotinib was paucisymptomatic (74.1%) and oligometastatic (34.8%), especially BMs (42.4%). After crizotinib discontinuation, 65 (76.5%) patients received subsequent systemic therapy: 57 (67.1%) with second-generation ALK-TKIs. Respective mDOTs of first- and second-line post-crizotinib ALK-TKIs lasted 19.4 [14.9-25.6] and 11.1 [4.8-17.9] months, respectively.
Conclusions: Most ALK+ aNSCLC patients with prolonged crizotinib efficacy had paucisymptomatic and oligometastatic disease without BMs. They subsequently benefited from a sequential strategy with other ALK-TKIs.
{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Advanced ALK-Translocated Non-small Cell Lung Cancers and Long-Term Responses to Crizotinib (CRIZOLONG GFPC 05-19 Study).","authors":"Estelle Dhamelincourt, Renaud Descourt, Gaelle Rousseau-Bussac, Hélène Doubre, Chantal Decroisette, Pierre Demontrond, Gwenaelle Le Garff, Lionel Falchero, Eric Huchot, Sabine Vieillot, Romain Corre, Laure Kazulinski, Acya Bizieux, Laurence Bigay-Gamé, Hugues Morel, Olivier Molinier, Christos Chouaïd, Florian Guisier","doi":"10.1007/s11523-023-01014-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11523-023-01014-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although ALK-translocated (ALK+) advanced non-small cell lung cancers (aNSCLCs) are currently treated with second- or third-generation ALK inhibitors (ALK-TKIs), some patients respond durably to the first-generation ALK-TKI crizotinib.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of these long-term responders.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This national, multicenter, retrospective, non-interventional study included patients with ALK+ aNSCLCs and long-term responses to first (L1)- or subsequent (≥ L2)-line crizotinib, defined, respectively, as treatments lasting > 18 and > 10 months. Median treatment duration (mDOT) was the primary endpoint.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 85 patients (32 L1 and 53 ≥ L2 responders) from 23 centers were included (receiving crizotinib between 10/24/2011-10/02/2018): median age of 59 years, 83.6% non-smokers or ex-smokers, 85.9% performance status (PS) 0/1, 94.1% with adenocarcinomas, median of one metastatic site, and 22.4% with brain metastases (BMs). After median follow-up of 73.4 [95% confidence interval, 67.5-79.9] months, respective L1 and ≥ L2 mDOTs were 43.3 [26.7-56.8] and 29.6 [22.6-35.8] months, with overall survival (OS) not reached (NR) and 116.2 [83.4-NR] months. BM presence or absence did not affect mDOT (31.4 versus 32.9 months) but significantly impacted median OS (70.6 versus 158.6 months; p = 0.0008). Progression on crizotinib was paucisymptomatic (74.1%) and oligometastatic (34.8%), especially BMs (42.4%). After crizotinib discontinuation, 65 (76.5%) patients received subsequent systemic therapy: 57 (67.1%) with second-generation ALK-TKIs. Respective mDOTs of first- and second-line post-crizotinib ALK-TKIs lasted 19.4 [14.9-25.6] and 11.1 [4.8-17.9] months, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most ALK+ aNSCLC patients with prolonged crizotinib efficacy had paucisymptomatic and oligometastatic disease without BMs. They subsequently benefited from a sequential strategy with other ALK-TKIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22195,"journal":{"name":"Targeted Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107592309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-10-17DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-00999-x
Minmin Zhao, Shanhu Qiu, Xin Wu, Pengcheng Miao, Zhi Jiang, Tao Zhu, Xizhong Xu, Yanling Zhu, Bei Zhang, Donglan Yuan, Yang Zhang, Wei Sun, Aiqin He, Min Zhao, Wenjie Hou, Yingli Zhang, Zhuyan Shao, Meiqun Jia, Mei Li, Jun Chen, Jingcheng Xu, Bingwei Chen, Ying Zhou, Yang Shen
Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a new maintenance therapy option for patients with ovarian cancer (OC).
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and influencing factors of the novel PARP inhibitor niraparib for maintenance treatment of Chinese patients with advanced OC.
Patients and methods: In this retrospective multicenter real-world study patients with advanced OC from 15 hospitals throughout China were enrolled. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoints included the time to treatment discontinuation and safety. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify possible risk factors for PFS, after which a prediction model was established to evaluate the likelihood of achieving an 18-month PFS. The relationship between the dose of niraparib and PFS was also evaluated.
Results: The PFS rates of 199 patients at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months were 87.4%, 75.9%, 63.6%, 56.1%, and 51.8%, respectively. LASSO regression model revealed that only age < 65 years (P = 0.011), BRCA mutations (P < 0.001), and R0 status after cytoreductive surgery (P = 0.01) were significant factors associated with prolonged PFS times. Based on the LASSO logistic regression analysis, a clinical prediction formula was developed: - 2.412 + 1.396Age≥65yr + 2.374BRCAwt + 1.387R1 + 0.793Interval≥12w + 0.178BMI>24kg/m2 which yielded a cut-off value of 0.091, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.839 (0.763-0.916), a sensitivity of 94.3%, and an accuracy of 78.5%. A nomogram was then built to visualize the results. The major treatment-emergent adverse events of ≥ grade 3 included a platelet count decrease (19.1%), white blood cell count decrease (15.1%), neutrophil count decrease (13.1%), and anemia (18.6%). The 18-month PFS rates in patients treated with 200 mg niraparib were somewhat higher than in patients treated with 100 mg after 3-months of therapy.
Conclusions: For Chinese OC patients, niraparib, particularly at a 200 mg individual starting dose, was an effective therapy with easily manageable safety.
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Niraparib as First-Line Maintenance Treatment for Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Real-World Data from a Multicenter Study in China.","authors":"Minmin Zhao, Shanhu Qiu, Xin Wu, Pengcheng Miao, Zhi Jiang, Tao Zhu, Xizhong Xu, Yanling Zhu, Bei Zhang, Donglan Yuan, Yang Zhang, Wei Sun, Aiqin He, Min Zhao, Wenjie Hou, Yingli Zhang, Zhuyan Shao, Meiqun Jia, Mei Li, Jun Chen, Jingcheng Xu, Bingwei Chen, Ying Zhou, Yang Shen","doi":"10.1007/s11523-023-00999-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11523-023-00999-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a new maintenance therapy option for patients with ovarian cancer (OC).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and influencing factors of the novel PARP inhibitor niraparib for maintenance treatment of Chinese patients with advanced OC.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In this retrospective multicenter real-world study patients with advanced OC from 15 hospitals throughout China were enrolled. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoints included the time to treatment discontinuation and safety. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify possible risk factors for PFS, after which a prediction model was established to evaluate the likelihood of achieving an 18-month PFS. The relationship between the dose of niraparib and PFS was also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PFS rates of 199 patients at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months were 87.4%, 75.9%, 63.6%, 56.1%, and 51.8%, respectively. LASSO regression model revealed that only age < 65 years (P = 0.011), BRCA mutations (P < 0.001), and R0 status after cytoreductive surgery (P = 0.01) were significant factors associated with prolonged PFS times. Based on the LASSO logistic regression analysis, a clinical prediction formula was developed: - 2.412 + 1.396Age<sub>≥65yr</sub> + 2.374BRCA<sub>wt</sub> + 1.387R<sub>1</sub> + 0.793Interval<sub>≥12w</sub> + 0.178BMI<sub>>24kg/m2</sub> which yielded a cut-off value of 0.091, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.839 (0.763-0.916), a sensitivity of 94.3%, and an accuracy of 78.5%. A nomogram was then built to visualize the results. The major treatment-emergent adverse events of ≥ grade 3 included a platelet count decrease (19.1%), white blood cell count decrease (15.1%), neutrophil count decrease (13.1%), and anemia (18.6%). The 18-month PFS rates in patients treated with 200 mg niraparib were somewhat higher than in patients treated with 100 mg after 3-months of therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For Chinese OC patients, niraparib, particularly at a 200 mg individual starting dose, was an effective therapy with easily manageable safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":22195,"journal":{"name":"Targeted Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41238642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy and ICI plus chemotherapy are approved first-line treatments for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) expressing high levels of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). However, appropriate treatment for patients showing high PD-L1 expression and poor performance status (PS) is not well defined.
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify a treatment option that is better for these patients in a real-world setting.
Patients and methods: A total of 425 patients with NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression were included retrospectively. All patients received either pembrolizumab monotherapy or ICI plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment. Patients were subdivided into good (PS score 0 or 1; n = 354) and poor PS groups (PS score 2 or 3; n = 71). Early progressive disease (PD) was defined as PD within 3 months of ICI-based therapy initiation.
Results: The good PS group had significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than the poor PS group upon ICI-based therapy administration. In the poor PS group, no significant difference was observed in PFS and OS between pembrolizumab monotherapy and ICI plus chemotherapy. In the good PS group, pembrolizumab monotherapy, PD-L1 50-89%, and liver metastasis were associated with early PD, as determined using multivariate logistic regression analyses. However, in the poor PS group, the multivariate logistic regression analyses did not show an association between pembrolizumab monotherapy and early PD.
Conclusions: In patients with NSCLC exhibiting poor PS and high PD-L1 expression, ICI plus chemotherapy did not confer PFS or OS benefit compared with pembrolizumab monotherapy.
{"title":"Chemoimmunotherapy Versus Pembrolizumab as a First-Line Treatment for Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and High PD-L1 Expression: Focus on the Role of Performance Status.","authors":"Kenji Morimoto, Tadaaki Yamada, Hayato Kawachi, Motohiro Tamiya, Yoshiki Negi, Yasuhiro Goto, Akira Nakao, Shinsuke Shiotsu, Keiko Tanimura, Takayuki Takeda, Asuka Okada, Taishi Harada, Koji Date, Yusuke Chihara, Isao Hasegawa, Nobuyo Tamiya, Naoya Nishioka, Yuki Katayama, Masahiro Iwasaku, Shinsaku Tokuda, Takashi Kijima, Koichi Takayama","doi":"10.1007/s11523-023-01012-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11523-023-01012-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy and ICI plus chemotherapy are approved first-line treatments for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) expressing high levels of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). However, appropriate treatment for patients showing high PD-L1 expression and poor performance status (PS) is not well defined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify a treatment option that is better for these patients in a real-world setting.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 425 patients with NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression were included retrospectively. All patients received either pembrolizumab monotherapy or ICI plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment. Patients were subdivided into good (PS score 0 or 1; n = 354) and poor PS groups (PS score 2 or 3; n = 71). Early progressive disease (PD) was defined as PD within 3 months of ICI-based therapy initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The good PS group had significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than the poor PS group upon ICI-based therapy administration. In the poor PS group, no significant difference was observed in PFS and OS between pembrolizumab monotherapy and ICI plus chemotherapy. In the good PS group, pembrolizumab monotherapy, PD-L1 50-89%, and liver metastasis were associated with early PD, as determined using multivariate logistic regression analyses. However, in the poor PS group, the multivariate logistic regression analyses did not show an association between pembrolizumab monotherapy and early PD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with NSCLC exhibiting poor PS and high PD-L1 expression, ICI plus chemotherapy did not confer PFS or OS benefit compared with pembrolizumab monotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":22195,"journal":{"name":"Targeted Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-00997-z
Albiruni R Abdul Razak, Hung-Ming Wang, Jang-Yang Chang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Pamela Munster, George Blumenschein, Benjamin Solomon, Darren Wan-Teck Lim, Ruey-Long Hong, David Pfister, Nabil F Saba, Se-Hoon Lee, Carla van Herpen, Cornelia Quadt, Douglas Bootle, Lars Blumenstein, David Demanse, Jean-Pierre Delord
Background: Alpelisib in combination with cetuximab showed synergistic anti-tumour activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) models.
Objectives: The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was determined in a phase 1b dose-escalation study. Phase 2 evaluated anti-tumour activity with a randomised part in cetuximab-naïve patients and a non-randomised part in cetuximab-resistant patients.
Patients and methods: Alpelisib was administered in 28 d cycles as whole tablets, suspension from crushed tablets or suspension from dispersible tablets in patients with platinum-resistant, recurrent/metastatic HNSCC.
Results: The RP2D determined for alpelisib was 300 mg/d. Alpelisib-cetuximab achieved an overall response rate of 25% and 9.9% and disease control rate of 75% and 43.7% in phase 1b and phase 2 studies, respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) per central review was 86 d for combination treatment and 87 d for cetuximab monotherapy (unadjusted HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.69-1.82; P > 0.05). When adjusted for baseline covariates [sum of longest diameters from central data, haemoglobin and white blood cell (WBC), the results favoured combination treatment (adjusted HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.30-0.97; P = 0.039). PFS per investigator assessment resulted in an unadjusted HR of 0.76 (95% CI 0.49-1.19; P > 0.05) favouring combination treatment. The median PFS in cetuximab-resistant patients was 3.9 months.
Conclusions: The addition of alpelisib to cetuximab did not demonstrate a PFS benefit in cetuximab-naïve patients with advanced HNSCC. The alpelisib-cetuximab combination showed moderate activity in cetuximab-resistant patients, with a consistent safety profile.
背景:在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)模型中,Alpelisib与西妥昔单抗联合显示出协同抗肿瘤活性。目标:推荐阶段 在一个阶段中确定2个剂量(RP2D) 1b剂量递增研究。阶段 2评估了西妥昔单抗幼稚患者的随机部分和西妥昔昔单抗耐药患者的非随机部分的抗肿瘤活性。患者和方法:在铂耐药、复发/转移性HNSCC患者中,以整片、压片混悬液或分散片混悬液的形式分28天给药 mg/d。在1b期和2期研究中,阿培利西单抗的总有效率分别为25%和9.9%,疾病控制率分别为75%和43.7%。根据中心审查,联合治疗的中位无进展生存期(PFS)为86天,西妥昔单抗单药治疗的中位数为87天(未调整HR 1.12;95% CI 0.69-1.82; P>0.05)。当对基线协变量[来自中心数据的最长直径、血红蛋白和白细胞(WBC)的总和]进行调整时,结果有利于联合治疗(调整后的HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.30-0.97; P=0.039)。每个研究者的PFS评估导致0.76的未调整HR(95%CI 0.49-1.19; P>0.05)有利于联合治疗。西妥昔单抗耐药患者的中位PFS为3.9个月。结论:在西妥昔单抗的基础上添加阿培利西并没有证明对患有晚期HNSCC的西妥昔mab幼稚患者的PFS有益。在西妥昔单抗耐药患者中,阿培利西单抗联合用药显示出中等活性,具有一致的安全性。临床试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01602315;EudraCT 2011-006017-34。
{"title":"A Phase 1b/2 Study of Alpelisib in Combination with Cetuximab in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Albiruni R Abdul Razak, Hung-Ming Wang, Jang-Yang Chang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Pamela Munster, George Blumenschein, Benjamin Solomon, Darren Wan-Teck Lim, Ruey-Long Hong, David Pfister, Nabil F Saba, Se-Hoon Lee, Carla van Herpen, Cornelia Quadt, Douglas Bootle, Lars Blumenstein, David Demanse, Jean-Pierre Delord","doi":"10.1007/s11523-023-00997-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11523-023-00997-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alpelisib in combination with cetuximab showed synergistic anti-tumour activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) models.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was determined in a phase 1b dose-escalation study. Phase 2 evaluated anti-tumour activity with a randomised part in cetuximab-naïve patients and a non-randomised part in cetuximab-resistant patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong> Alpelisib was administered in 28 d cycles as whole tablets, suspension from crushed tablets or suspension from dispersible tablets in patients with platinum-resistant, recurrent/metastatic HNSCC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RP2D determined for alpelisib was 300 mg/d. Alpelisib-cetuximab achieved an overall response rate of 25% and 9.9% and disease control rate of 75% and 43.7% in phase 1b and phase 2 studies, respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) per central review was 86 d for combination treatment and 87 d for cetuximab monotherapy (unadjusted HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.69-1.82; P > 0.05). When adjusted for baseline covariates [sum of longest diameters from central data, haemoglobin and white blood cell (WBC), the results favoured combination treatment (adjusted HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.30-0.97; P = 0.039). PFS per investigator assessment resulted in an unadjusted HR of 0.76 (95% CI 0.49-1.19; P > 0.05) favouring combination treatment. The median PFS in cetuximab-resistant patients was 3.9 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The addition of alpelisib to cetuximab did not demonstrate a PFS benefit in cetuximab-naïve patients with advanced HNSCC. The alpelisib-cetuximab combination showed moderate activity in cetuximab-resistant patients, with a consistent safety profile.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01602315; EudraCT 2011-006017-34.</p>","PeriodicalId":22195,"journal":{"name":"Targeted Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50158824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-00994-2
Xiuning Le, Eric Nadler, Daniel B Costa, John Victor Heymach
Supplementary file1 (MP4 21169 KB).
补充文件1(MP4 21169 KB)。
{"title":"EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Uncommon EGFR Mutations: A Podcast.","authors":"Xiuning Le, Eric Nadler, Daniel B Costa, John Victor Heymach","doi":"10.1007/s11523-023-00994-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11523-023-00994-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supplementary file1 (MP4 21169 KB).</p>","PeriodicalId":22195,"journal":{"name":"Targeted Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41149463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-01006-z
Ning Wang, Zhenxian Mo, Lu Pan, Minhua Zhou, Xiaolan Ye, Xinjian Liu, Xiong Cai, Changgeng Qian, Feili Chen, Yan Xiong, Fushun Fan, Wenyu Li
Background: The efficacy of systemic treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is limited because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the ineffectiveness of chemotherapy. The dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor BEBT-908 has exhibited favorable in vivo distribution and activity in various cancers.
Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of BEBT-908 in brain orthotopic mouse models of hematological malignancies, to investigate its pharmacologic properties, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action.
Methods: We evaluated the anticancer activity of BEBT-908 in various hematological malignancies through cell viability assays. The impact of BEBT-908 on c-Myc expression and ferroptosis signaling pathways was assessed using Western blotting, qPCR, ROS detection, GSH/GSSG detection, and IHC. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles were assessed through LC-MS/MS and Western blotting. The effects of BEBT-908 in vivo were examined using xenografts and brain orthotopic mouse models.
Results: Our findings demonstrate that BEBT-908 exhibits promising anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo across multiple subtypes of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, BEBT-908 exhibits excellent BBB penetration and inhibits tumor growth in a brain orthotopic lymphoma model with prolonged survival of host mice. Mechanistically, BEBT-908 downregulated c-Myc expression, which contributed to ferroptosis, ultimately leading to tumor shrinkage.
Conclusion: Our study provides robust evidence for the dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor BEBT-908 as an effective anti-cancer agent for PCNSL.
{"title":"Dual PI3K/HDAC Inhibitor BEBT-908 Exhibits Potent Efficacy as Monotherapy for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.","authors":"Ning Wang, Zhenxian Mo, Lu Pan, Minhua Zhou, Xiaolan Ye, Xinjian Liu, Xiong Cai, Changgeng Qian, Feili Chen, Yan Xiong, Fushun Fan, Wenyu Li","doi":"10.1007/s11523-023-01006-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11523-023-01006-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficacy of systemic treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is limited because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the ineffectiveness of chemotherapy. The dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor BEBT-908 has exhibited favorable in vivo distribution and activity in various cancers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of BEBT-908 in brain orthotopic mouse models of hematological malignancies, to investigate its pharmacologic properties, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the anticancer activity of BEBT-908 in various hematological malignancies through cell viability assays. The impact of BEBT-908 on c-Myc expression and ferroptosis signaling pathways was assessed using Western blotting, qPCR, ROS detection, GSH/GSSG detection, and IHC. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles were assessed through LC-MS/MS and Western blotting. The effects of BEBT-908 in vivo were examined using xenografts and brain orthotopic mouse models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that BEBT-908 exhibits promising anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo across multiple subtypes of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, BEBT-908 exhibits excellent BBB penetration and inhibits tumor growth in a brain orthotopic lymphoma model with prolonged survival of host mice. Mechanistically, BEBT-908 downregulated c-Myc expression, which contributed to ferroptosis, ultimately leading to tumor shrinkage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides robust evidence for the dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor BEBT-908 as an effective anti-cancer agent for PCNSL.</p>","PeriodicalId":22195,"journal":{"name":"Targeted Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}