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PARAMETERS OF COEFFICIENTS OF THE RAIL FOUR-POLE OF THE JOIN THE JOINTLESS RAIL CIRCUI TLESS RAIL CIRCUIT ACCORDING T CCORDING TO LOCOMOTIVE RECEIVER 钢轨四极的系数参数根据机车接收机连接钢轨电路无轨电路
Pub Date : 2019-08-02 DOI: 10.51346/tstu-01.19.2.-77-0026
R. Aliev, E. Tokhirov, M. Aliev
In article questions of a conclusion of the coefficients of the equations of a rail four-polar of a jointless rail circuit are considered, taking into account uncertainty of borders where the travelling receiver which is applied now on a railway transportation is used. Mathematical modeling of four-pole coefficients by locomotive receiver is given. Analytical expressions and coefficients for calculation of the locomotive current flowing under the receiving coils and transfer resistance are derived. The scheme of a jointless rail circuit in the presence of moving units and mutual influence on each other is given. The influence of the carrier information from the traffic light in front, where it is necessary to take into account the factor of the signal level from the outgoing train, so that the information of the neighboring rail circuit would not be perceived, since there are no insulating joints. A scheme with five four poles has been developed and coefficients of these four poles have been obtained to calculate the current of the locomotive flowing under the receiving coils. Analytical expressions are obtained for determining the current for receiving by the receiving coils of a locomotive, the minimum supply voltage of an unbroken rail circuit and the transmission resistance of a rail circuit in normal operation for a locomotive receiver.
本文考虑了目前应用于铁路运输的移动接收机的边界的不确定性,讨论了无缝轨道线路的轨道四极方程的系数的结论问题。给出了机车接收机四极系数的数学模型。推导了机车在接收线圈下流过的电流和传递电阻的解析表达式和计算系数。给出了存在运动单元且相互影响的无缝轨道电路的设计方案。来自前方交通灯的载体信息的影响,其中需要考虑来自出线列车的信号电平的因素,这样就不会感知到邻近轨道电路的信息,因为没有绝缘接头。提出了一种5个4极的方案,并得到了4极的系数,用以计算机车在接收线圈下流过的电流。给出了确定机车接收机接收线圈的接收电流、不间断轨道电路的最小供电电压和轨道电路正常运行时的传输电阻的解析表达式。
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引用次数: 3
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-SPEED ALGORITM OF NEUROLOGICAL CONCLUSION 神经学结论的高速算法开发
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.51346/tstu-01.19.1.-77-0014
Siddikov I, D. Yadgarova
One of the ways to increase the efficiency of the process of managing continuous dynamic objects is to develop new or improve existing control systems based on modern methods involving the achievements of information technology. The article deals with the creation of highly efficient control algorithms for technological objects, operating in conditions of uncertainty, designed to manage real-life objects. An algorithm is proposed for the structural-parametric adaptation of the PID parameters (proportional-integral-differential) -regulator, which allows to reduce the number of iterations in the learning process of the fuzzy-logical inference algorithm by reducing empty solutions. To determine the empty solutions, hybrid algorithms are used, which include modernized genetic and immune algorithms, which in turn allow you to configure the adaptation parameters of artificial neural network models. A block diagram of an automated control system for executive mechanisms is proposed, which includes a block for adapting the correction of not only parameters, but also the structure of the control system, which allows to reduce the error in the results of training a neuro-fuzzy network from 8 to 1%. The proposed algorithm is simple to implement on microcontrollers, which allows it to be implemented in the tasks of process control in the conditions of information uncertainty in real conditions at the operation stage.
提高连续动态对象管理过程效率的方法之一是基于涉及信息技术成果的现代方法开发新的或改进现有的控制系统。本文讨论了在不确定条件下操作的技术对象的高效控制算法的创建,旨在管理现实对象。提出了一种PID参数(比例-积分-微分)调节器的结构参数自适应算法,通过减少空解来减少模糊逻辑推理算法学习过程中的迭代次数。为了确定空解,使用混合算法,其中包括现代化的遗传算法和免疫算法,从而允许您配置人工神经网络模型的自适应参数。提出了一种执行机构自动控制系统的框图,其中包括一个适应参数校正的模块,以及控制系统的结构,它允许将神经模糊网络训练结果的误差从8%减少到1%。该算法在微控制器上实现简单,可以在实际条件下信息不确定条件下的过程控制任务中实现。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF IN T OF INTERMEDI TERMEDIATE CONNEC TE CONNECTIONS ON THE TIONS ON THE GENERATOR`S ST OR`S STATIC STABILITY 中间接线接线对发电机静稳定性的影响
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.51346/tstu-01.18.2.-77-0015
S. Shernazarov
This article provides the influence of the active, inductive capacitive load on the static stability of synchronous generators and compiled the angular characteristics of the generator power at various loads. When a resistive load is connected, an intermediate power extraction of Pr (δ) occurs. It can be defined as the difference Rg (δ) – Ph (δ) = Pr (δ), depending on the angle δ. The presence of this selection leads to an increase in the ultimate in static stability generator power. However, this reduces the possibility of transmitting power to the receiving system. Therefore, we can talk about the ambiguous (positive or negative) effect of the intermediate active load on the static stability of the generator of a single-machine power system. The reactors are connected tightly or through switches at the end points of power transmission lines with a length of over 300 km to prevent over voltages during switching to compensate for the excess reactive power generated by power lines. Capacitor batteries (CB) are sometimes installed and connected at intermediate points of power lines in order to maintain normal voltage levels when transmitting high power fluxes. It should be noted that the conclusions regarding the effect of shunt reactors and capacitor banks on static stability apply to complex power systems
本文给出了有源负载、感性容性负载对同步发电机静态稳定性的影响,并编制了各种负载下发电机功率的角特性。当接通电阻性负载时,会发生Pr (δ)的中间功率抽取。它可以定义为Rg (δ) - Ph (δ) = Pr (δ)之差,取决于角度δ。这种选择的存在导致了发电机静态稳定功率的最终增加。然而,这减少了向接收系统发送功率的可能性。因此,我们可以谈论中间有功负荷对单机电力系统发电机静态稳定性的模糊(正或负)影响。电抗器在长度超过300公里的输电线路末端紧密连接或通过开关连接,以防止切换过程中的过电压,以补偿电力线产生的多余无功功率。电容器电池(CB)有时安装并连接在电力线的中间点,以便在传输高功率通量时保持正常电压水平。值得注意的是,关于并联电抗器和电容器组对静态稳定性影响的结论适用于复杂的电力系统
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引用次数: 0
DECOMPOSITIONAL METHOD FOR MODELLING AND STUDYING PULSE-WID PULSE-WIDTH AUTOMATIC CON TIC CONTROL SY TROL SYSTEMS BASED ON STEMS BASED ON DYNAMIC GRAPHS 基于动态图的脉宽自动控制系统建模与研究的分解方法
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.51346/tstu-01.19.1.-77-0007
A. Kadirov, D. Kadirova, A. Nazarov
Systems with pulse-width modulation are essentially non-linear automatic control systems. The complexity factors of pulse-width systems include multivariable, the multirate nature of the pulse-width modulators work, and the nonstationarity of control objects. Such systems have been known for a long time and are now widely used. Various exact and approximate methods have been proposed for the analysis and synthesis of PWM systems. The field of the practical application of known methods is limited to single-variable systems because classical approaches provide for the consideration of the initial structures as a whole. Hence, the root cause of the fundamental difficulties arising in the study of such systems.This article proposes a decompositional method for modelling and studying multivariable pulse-width automatic control systems based on the dynamic graph models. One of the key factor when create the one approach for mathematical formulation, analysis and synthesis of discrete dynamic systems is the maximum consideration of general physical special features in terms of these systems. The general fundamental singularity of systems concerned is the natural decomposition (structure discretization) on simple subsystems or structural states of Si . In the multivariable pulse-width systems, the model of each separate or cross channel is a singlevariable impulse system graph. Decomposition into processes in separate and cross channels allows to change the parameters of certain channels and to carry out interval correction of dynamic processes occurring in transmission channels. This method can be used for analysis and synthesis of both single-variable and multivariable systems
脉宽调制系统本质上是非线性自动控制系统。脉宽系统的复杂性因素包括多变量、脉宽调制器工作的多速率特性以及控制对象的非平稳性。这种系统早已为人所知,现在已被广泛使用。人们提出了各种精确和近似的方法来分析和综合PWM系统。已知方法的实际应用领域仅限于单变量系统,因为经典方法提供了作为一个整体的初始结构的考虑。因此,在研究这些系统时出现的根本困难的根本原因。本文提出了一种基于动态图模型的多变量脉宽自动控制系统建模和研究的分解方法。在为离散动力系统的数学公式、分析和综合创造一种方法时,关键因素之一是最大限度地考虑这些系统的一般物理特性。有关系统的一般基本奇异性是简单子系统或Si结构态的自然分解(结构离散化)。在多变量脉宽系统中,每个独立或交叉通道的模型是一个单变量脉冲系统图。分解为单独通道和交叉通道中的过程,可以改变某些通道的参数,并对传输通道中发生的动态过程进行间隔校正。该方法可用于单变量和多变量系统的分析和综合
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引用次数: 0
APPROXIMATION MODEL OF A T TION MODEL OF A TYPICAL MECH YPICAL MECHANICAL OBJEC ANICAL OBJECT WITH DISTRIBUTED PARAMETERS 典型力学模型的近似模型典型力学对象具有分布参数
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.51346/tstu-01.18.2.-77-0008
A. Verlan, M. Sagatov, D. Karimova, U. Fayzullaev
. The article discusses the method of approximation transformations for the study of a typical mechanical object with distributed parameters. A mathematical description of an object with distributed parameters, which is given in the form of a partial differential equation, and their structural models are considered. An approximation model has been obtained with a number of unique properties that have proven useful in the construction of structural models of electromechanical systems.
. 本文讨论了典型力学对象分布参数研究的近似变换方法。考虑了具有分布参数的物体的偏微分方程的数学描述及其结构模型。得到了一个近似模型,该模型具有许多独特的性质,在机电系统结构模型的构建中已被证明是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF MONI SIS OF MONITORING OF THE A ORING OF THE AT-3 AUTOTRANSFORM TRANSFORMATOR IN T OR IN TashTES MODE AT-3自耦变压器在T或TashTES模式下的环态监测分析
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.51346/tstu-01.18.2.-77-0016
F. Isakov
The article considers the results of the analysis of autotransformers operation mode monitoring. The time diagram of active load current and oil temperature of autotransformer TashTES AT-3 is established and during one year changes of these variables and basic parameters of autotransformer were observed. Technical faults of the power transformer and high power autotransformer are established and methods of their elimination are determined. Damage of transformers and autotransformers with voltage of 110-500 kV of about 30% of the total number of outages which were accompanied by internal short-circuits and two main causes of damage were determined. The main causes of technological failures, which were not accompanied by internal short-circuits, are as follows: 20% of failures in operation of the onload tap-changer, 16% of oil leaks from the bushings, 13% of oil leaks and lowering of oil from the transformer due to violation of welded joints and rubber seals, 4% of engine damage to oil pumps of the cooling system, 3% of pressure increase in high-voltage hermetic bushings, 2% of film protection shell damage. The main reasons of technological violations accompanied by internal short-circuit in the transformer are as follows: breakdown of internal insulation of highvoltage bushings, insufficient short-circuit resistance, wear and tear of winding insulation, breakdown of insulation.
本文介绍了自耦变压器运行模式监测分析的结果。建立了TashTES AT-3型自耦变压器的主动负载电流和油温的时间图,并观察了这些变量和自耦变压器基本参数在一年内的变化情况。建立了电力变压器和大功率自耦变压器的技术故障,并确定了排除故障的方法。确定了110 ~ 500kv电压范围内变压器和自耦变压器的损坏占总停电次数的30%左右,并确定了造成变压器和自耦变压器内部短路损坏的两个主要原因。不伴有内部短路的技术故障的主要原因如下:20%的有载分接开关运行故障,16%的套管漏油,13%的变压器漏油和降油是由于焊接接头和橡胶密封损坏,4%的发动机损坏冷却系统油泵,3%的高压密封套管压力增加,2%的薄膜保护壳损坏。变压器出现技术违规并伴有内部短路的主要原因有:高压套管内部绝缘击穿、短路电阻不足、绕组绝缘磨损、绝缘击穿。
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引用次数: 0
OBTAINING SOME THERMOD AINING SOME THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS CONTAINING ME AINING METACRYLATE AND ALL TE AND ALLYL GROUPS CON YL GROUPS CONTAINING IN COMPOSITION 得到了含甲基丙烯酸酯和组成中所含的所有烯丙基和烯丙基的热力学参数
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.51346/tstu-01.19.1.-77-0011
M. Abdukakhkharova, A. Ismailov, U. Mirzaev, R. Ismailov
The article discusses the preparation of some thermodynamic parameters characterizing the final product of complex radical polymerization of amino alkyl acrylate derivatives containing both methacrylate and alkyl groups of low molecular weight compounds with electron acceptors - polymerization initiators at temperatures that exclude thermal decomposition of the initiators themselves. The equilibrium constant of the complication reaction and the molar extinction coefficient of the complex were determined by graphically solving the Bеneshe-Hildebrand equation, the heats of complex formation, entropy, Gibbs energy were found, and the elemental composition of low molecular weight and high molecular weight substances was determined. As can be seen from the studies, the molar extinction coefficient of the complex practically does not depend on temperature, and the equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction even in a narrow temperature range (283–293 K) increases with increasing temperature. The structure and composition of the synthesized monomeric and polymer salt were also considered in the work, and confirmed by IR-spectroscopy and analysis of elemental composition, the obtained spectroscopic data showed that the unit of the formed polymer corresponds in composition and structure to the monomeric quaternary salt, and the allyl bond in the polymers is preserved. It can be seen from the studies that, with an increase in the concentration of both the monomer and the initiator, the reaction rate naturally increases.
本文讨论了在不包括引发剂本身热分解的温度下,用电子受体-聚合引发剂制备含有甲基丙烯酸酯和烷基的低分子量化合物的氨基烷基丙烯酸酯衍生物的复合自由基聚合的最终产物的一些热力学参数的制备。通过图解求解bbrownneshe - hildebrand方程,确定了络合反应的平衡常数和络合物的摩尔消光系数,求出了络合物的生成热、熵、吉布斯能,确定了低分子量和高分子量物质的元素组成。从研究中可以看出,配合物的摩尔消光系数实际上与温度无关,即使在较窄的温度范围内(283 ~ 293 K),络合反应的平衡常数也随着温度的升高而增大。对合成的单体盐和聚合物盐的结构和组成进行了分析,并通过红外光谱和元素组成分析证实,所得的光谱数据表明,合成的聚合物的单元在组成和结构上与单体季铵盐相对应,并且聚合物中的烯丙基键被保留下来。从研究中可以看出,随着单体和引发剂浓度的增加,反应速率自然增大。
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引用次数: 0
OBTAINING SOME THERMOD AINING SOME THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS CONTAINING ME AINING METACRYLATE AND ALL TE AND ALLYL GROUPS CON YL GROUPS CONTAINING IN COMPOSITION 得到了含甲基丙烯酸酯和组成中所含的所有烯丙基和烯丙基的热力学参数
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.51346/tstu-01.18.2.-77-0012
K. Akhmedov, Zh.M. Bekpulatov, G. Solijonova, N. Sharifova
The article discusses the results of studying the material composition and the development of technology for processing gold-bearing sulfide ore samples. The material composition of the ore samples was studied by spectral, chemical, assay and rational analysis of gold and silver. Based on a study of the material composition of the ore samples, the following conclusions were made: gold and silver are the industry's most valuable components. It is shown that the use of sulfuric acid treatment of a cinder of graviofloraf concentrate can allow to improve the technological performance of the process. As a result of the mixture of gravio-flotation concentrate after sulfuric acid treatment drying, grinding to a size of 95% CL. -0,074+0 mm and subjected to sorption cyanidation. In the initial cake, the content of gold -77.83 u. e. and silver-16.3 u. e., the concentration of sodium cyanide 0.15%, the ratio W:t=2:1; resin AM-2B-5% of the pulp volume, the duration of cyanidation 36 hours.the Content in the tailings of cyanidation of gold - 6.5 u. e., and silver - 4.8 u. e. the Extraction of noble metals in solution and on the resin was 91.65 and 70.55%, respectively. Through extraction of 87.63% gold and 55.6% silver from ore.
本文论述了含金硫化矿样品的物质组成研究成果和处理技术的发展。采用光谱分析、化学分析、定量分析和金银分析等方法对矿石样品的物质组成进行了研究。通过对矿石样品物质组成的研究,得出以下结论:金和银是该行业最有价值的成分。结果表明,用硫酸处理重煤精矿的炉渣可以提高工艺性能。由于重浮选精矿的混合物经过硫酸处理后干燥,磨矿至95% CL的粒度。- 0.074 +0 mm,经受氰化吸附。在初始饼中,金的含量为-77.83 u e,银的含量为-16.3 u e,氰化钠的浓度为0.15%,配比W:t=2:1;树脂am - 2b -纸浆体积的5%,氰化时间36小时。金- 6.5 u、银- 4.8 u氰化尾矿中贵金属溶液萃取率和树脂萃取率分别为91.65%和70.55%。通过从矿石中提取87.63%的金和55.6%的银。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS AND TRENDS IN THE DEVEL SIS AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS FOR T OF MODELS FOR STUDYING THERM YING THERMAL PHYSICAL PROPER SICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID AND TIES OF SOLID AND DISPERSE SUBSTANCES 研究固体的热物理性质和固体与分散物质的联系的各种模型的发展趋势和发展分析
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.51346/tstu-01.19.1.-77-0017
A. Abdurakhmanov, A. Rashidov, M. Мakhmudjanov
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引用次数: 0
SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF FUEL COMBINATION IN MAINTENANCE 解决维修中燃油组合问题
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.51346/tstu-01.19.1.-77-0018
B. Tulaev, H. Viarshyna, J. Mirzaabdullaev, J. Khakimov
In article, the solution of problem of the combined use of fuel in operation is considered. It is shown that during the operation of the gasoline automobile engine the requirement to octane number of fuel changes depending on engine operation mode: at increase in rotary speed the required octane number of fuel decreases, and at increase in loading increase in octane number of fuel is necessary. The combined use of low-bracket gasoline with high-octane liquefied gas is given. The condition supporting necessary octane number of fuel on various modes for ensuring without detonation work and optimization of combustion procedure is defined. At all engine operating modes in operation on combined fuel, only a high-octane component should be supplied. To control the change in the ratio of the supplied components of the combined power system, it is necessary and sufficient to use any combination of the following parameters: – vacuum in the intake manifold; – is the engine speed; – is the degree of opening of the throttle valve of the carburetor, or others, which are functionally dependent on the above. As a result, the feasibility of choosing one or another option is determined by the design features of the fuel combination implementation system
本文对运行中燃料联用问题的解决进行了研究。结果表明,汽油汽车发动机在运行过程中,对燃油辛烷值的要求随发动机运行方式的不同而变化:转速增加时,燃油辛烷值要求降低;负荷增加时,燃油辛烷值要求增加。介绍了低阶汽油与高辛烷值液化气的组合使用。确定了各种模式下保证无爆震工作和优化燃烧过程所需辛烷值的条件。在使用混合燃料的所有发动机运行模式下,只应提供高辛烷值的部件。为了控制联合动力系统中供气部件比例的变化,使用以下参数的任何组合都是必要和充分的:——进气歧管中的真空;-为发动机转速;-是化油器节流阀的开度,或其他,其功能依赖于上述。因此,选择一种或另一种方案的可行性取决于燃料组合实施系统的设计特点
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引用次数: 0
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