The research aims to develop teaching activities to contribute to the Environmental Education of the future Agricultural Engineer at the Municipal University Center (CUM) Sagua de Tánamo, based on the most up-to-date knowledge about existing environmental problems. The practical contribution is given in the proposal of educational activities of an environmental nature that involve productive entities, peasants and the family itself with the collaboration of community organizations and institutions. Its practical significance consists in the possibility of implementation by teachers to promote environmental training in students of this career, from the Chemistry discipline, contributing to a greater preparation to face the existing environmental problems in the territory. The scientific novelty lies in the conception used when planning teaching activities, to actively involve various members of the community in the development of the production process, which will allow to obtain encouraging results in the teaching-learning process. Theoretical, empirical, experimental methods and documentary review were used. Its practical significance consists in its comprehensive application from a systemic, humanistic and integrating approach to transform the modes of action of students and affects their training.
{"title":"Teaching Activities to Contribute to the Environmental Education of the Agricultural Engineer","authors":"Yendry Aguilera","doi":"10.36956/RWAE.V2I1.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36956/RWAE.V2I1.341","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to develop teaching activities to contribute to the Environmental Education of the future Agricultural Engineer at the Municipal University Center (CUM) Sagua de Tánamo, based on the most up-to-date knowledge about existing environmental problems. The practical contribution is given in the proposal of educational activities of an environmental nature that involve productive entities, peasants and the family itself with the collaboration of community organizations and institutions. Its practical significance consists in the possibility of implementation by teachers to promote environmental training in students of this career, from the Chemistry discipline, contributing to a greater preparation to face the existing environmental problems in the territory. The scientific novelty lies in the conception used when planning teaching activities, to actively involve various members of the community in the development of the production process, which will allow to obtain encouraging results in the teaching-learning process. Theoretical, empirical, experimental methods and documentary review were used. Its practical significance consists in its comprehensive application from a systemic, humanistic and integrating approach to transform the modes of action of students and affects their training.","PeriodicalId":222396,"journal":{"name":"Research on World Agricultural Economy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130601860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effluents from dye and dyeing industries constitute serious environmental threat and attracting serious attention. Activated carbon prepared from guinea corn husk and maize cobs waste materials was used as a precursor to prepare activated carbon. Variable ratios of the constituent ashes ( 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) were prepared. The husk and cobs were ashed in a murfle furnace at 400-500oc for 2.5 h. Acid activation was carried out by washing with HCl (1M) after which it was characterized using XRF which revealed (in variable proportions) the presence of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 as dominant oxides in the ashes. Waste water decolourization efficiency of the adsorbents was tested using dye waste water at same contact time using variable absorbent dosage. Higher moisture (96.80±0.56), Ash (12.90±0.35), pH (6.3±0.17), Conductivity (208±1.34) and Bulk density (12.27±0.61) were obtained for guinea corn husk. The best clearity was obtained after batch adsorption experiments at 1:1 which gave the highest adsorption at equilibrium (Qe) of 28.55 compared to 12.750 and 10.900 obtained for 1;3 and 3:1 respectively.
{"title":"Adsorption Equilibrium, Physicochemical Parameters and Colour Deactivation Effects of Activated Carbon for Dye for Waste Water Treatment","authors":"M. Alhassan","doi":"10.36956/RWAE.V2I1.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36956/RWAE.V2I1.345","url":null,"abstract":"Effluents from dye and dyeing industries constitute serious environmental threat and attracting serious attention. Activated carbon prepared from guinea corn husk and maize cobs waste materials was used as a precursor to prepare activated carbon. Variable ratios of the constituent ashes ( 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) were prepared. The husk and cobs were ashed in a murfle furnace at 400-500oc for 2.5 h. Acid activation was carried out by washing with HCl (1M) after which it was characterized using XRF which revealed (in variable proportions) the presence of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 as dominant oxides in the ashes. Waste water decolourization efficiency of the adsorbents was tested using dye waste water at same contact time using variable absorbent dosage. Higher moisture (96.80±0.56), Ash (12.90±0.35), pH (6.3±0.17), Conductivity (208±1.34) and Bulk density (12.27±0.61) were obtained for guinea corn husk. The best clearity was obtained after batch adsorption experiments at 1:1 which gave the highest adsorption at equilibrium (Qe) of 28.55 compared to 12.750 and 10.900 obtained for 1;3 and 3:1 respectively.","PeriodicalId":222396,"journal":{"name":"Research on World Agricultural Economy","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114782202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nothing vast comes into a mortal’s life without a curse. Understanding the impact of pesticide pathways can be complex and multifaceted due to the major food system challenges faced by humanity. Reconfiguring the food system so that everyone has access to a healthy diet while ensuring that the planet's ecology is protected. Many developing countries face serious health and environmental problems caused by the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides. The incidence of pesticide poisoning is 2-3 people per minute and that about 20,000 workers die from pesticide poisoning each year, most of them in emerging countries (WHO, UNEP). From an environmental point of view, pesticide-contaminated water flows through surface and groundwater, damaging fisheries and freshwater ecosystems. The runoff into the ocean can greatly damage the marine ecology at river entrances and cause the death of large numbers of marine life. The health and environmental hazards of pesticides can be partially averted through education and incentives to curb the trend towards overuse, which is the first step towards achieving the sustainable development goals. But there is also a need for measures to address other important challenges, like poverty alleviation, increasing social equity and inclusion, improving education as while as health care, protecting biodiversity, developing sustainable resource and energy, ensuring water security, and adapting to and mitigating climate change. These interrelated challenges are embodied in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all UN Member States in 2015, which is centered on 17 sustainable development goals. Therefore, the management of these solutions to improve ecological and environmental security requires increased dialogue and cooperation among the various public and private sectors. We should harness the power of our emerging technologies and vast human ingenuity to secure a better future for our children. However, it will be difficult to achieve the global goals before 2030. Ahead of the 2019 coronavirus outbreak, progress around the world has been uneven and most areas need more attention. The abrupt emergence of the novel coronavirus has stalled the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and, in some cases, rolled back decades of progress.
{"title":"Articulating the effect of Pesticides Use and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The Science of Improving Lives through Decision Impacts","authors":"Morufu Olalekan Raimi","doi":"10.36956/RWAE.V2I1.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36956/RWAE.V2I1.347","url":null,"abstract":"Nothing vast comes into a mortal’s life without a curse. Understanding the impact of pesticide pathways can be complex and multifaceted due to the major food system challenges faced by humanity. Reconfiguring the food system so that everyone has access to a healthy diet while ensuring that the planet's ecology is protected. Many developing countries face serious health and environmental problems caused by the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides. The incidence of pesticide poisoning is 2-3 people per minute and that about 20,000 workers die from pesticide poisoning each year, most of them in emerging countries (WHO, UNEP). From an environmental point of view, pesticide-contaminated water flows through surface and groundwater, damaging fisheries and freshwater ecosystems. The runoff into the ocean can greatly damage the marine ecology at river entrances and cause the death of large numbers of marine life. The health and environmental hazards of pesticides can be partially averted through education and incentives to curb the trend towards overuse, which is the first step towards achieving the sustainable development goals. But there is also a need for measures to address other important challenges, like poverty alleviation, increasing social equity and inclusion, improving education as while as health care, protecting biodiversity, developing sustainable resource and energy, ensuring water security, and adapting to and mitigating climate change. These interrelated challenges are embodied in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all UN Member States in 2015, which is centered on 17 sustainable development goals. Therefore, the management of these solutions to improve ecological and environmental security requires increased dialogue and cooperation among the various public and private sectors. We should harness the power of our emerging technologies and vast human ingenuity to secure a better future for our children. However, it will be difficult to achieve the global goals before 2030. Ahead of the 2019 coronavirus outbreak, progress around the world has been uneven and most areas need more attention. The abrupt emergence of the novel coronavirus has stalled the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and, in some cases, rolled back decades of progress.","PeriodicalId":222396,"journal":{"name":"Research on World Agricultural Economy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129474728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poor handling and storage practices reduce the manure quality as a fertilizer. A survey was done in the Seke communal area, Zimbabwe to establish common manure management practices, determine factors that influence use of manure and determine effects of the manure management practices on vegetable yield. A structured questionnaire was administered to 222 respondents from April to August 2019. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were done using SPSS. Chi-square tests and Spearman rank correlation were done to test for associations and the non-cause-effect relationship between different independent variables and farmers’ management practice of manure respectively. 88% of the respondents owned <1 ha of land and chicken manure was frequently (51%) used but with least (<0.5 t/ha) application quantities. Cattle manure was applied in largest (> 0.5 t/ha) quantities and >50% of the farmers were void of information on animal manure management. Fencing only was the common type of animal housing but had negative effects on quantity and quality of the manure. Drylot was most common (90%) manure management practice and different manure management practices had significantly (P<0.05) varied effects on vegetable yield. Drying manure resulted in significantly (P<0.05) low losses in manure quality. Generally, poultry and pigs manure had higher nutrient content compared to cattle and goat manure. Animal housing affected the quantity and quality of the manures as a fertilizer. Extension service programs like vocational training on manure management, exposure visits between farmers as well as a lead farm approach are necessary.
{"title":"Use and Management of Animal Manure by the Communal Farmers, Seke District, Mashonaland East Province, Zimbabwe","authors":"C. Parwada","doi":"10.36956/RWAE.V2I1.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36956/RWAE.V2I1.343","url":null,"abstract":"Poor handling and storage practices reduce the manure quality as a fertilizer. A survey was done in the Seke communal area, Zimbabwe to establish common manure management practices, determine factors that influence use of manure and determine effects of the manure management practices on vegetable yield. A structured questionnaire was administered to 222 respondents from April to August 2019. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were done using SPSS. Chi-square tests and Spearman rank correlation were done to test for associations and the non-cause-effect relationship between different independent variables and farmers’ management practice of manure respectively. 88% of the respondents owned <1 ha of land and chicken manure was frequently (51%) used but with least (<0.5 t/ha) application quantities. Cattle manure was applied in largest (> 0.5 t/ha) quantities and >50% of the farmers were void of information on animal manure management. Fencing only was the common type of animal housing but had negative effects on quantity and quality of the manure. Drylot was most common (90%) manure management practice and different manure management practices had significantly (P<0.05) varied effects on vegetable yield. Drying manure resulted in significantly (P<0.05) low losses in manure quality. Generally, poultry and pigs manure had higher nutrient content compared to cattle and goat manure. Animal housing affected the quantity and quality of the manures as a fertilizer. Extension service programs like vocational training on manure management, exposure visits between farmers as well as a lead farm approach are necessary.","PeriodicalId":222396,"journal":{"name":"Research on World Agricultural Economy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125222582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies in the article have shown that productivity increases with improved structure. This is explained by the fact that in soils with 0.25 mm diameter water-resistant aggregates of 14%, grain yield is 22.2 cents / ha, while water-resistant aggregates are 8%. In soils, this figure decreased to 18.4 cents / ha (3.8 cents / ha). It is also known that alfalfa plays a key role in improving the water-physical properties of the soil, as well as its agrochemical composition. The author's research shows that the amount of water-resistant aggregates under the clover is much higher than in the cotton fields. This can be clearly seen from the following comparison. Thus, the amount of water-resistant aggregates in 0-10 cm of soil in the cotton field is 4.0-18.5; While 0.5 cm is 6.5-11.2 and 20-30 cm is 4.5-18.2, in clover crops this indicator is 35.0; Increased to 24.7 and 27.0. In addition, it revealed the accumulation of more organic and mineral substances under alfalfa cultivation. They proved this by the analysis of soil samples taken from the one-year and two-year plots. It was found that 1.66% humus and 0.112% total nitrogen were accumulated in the topsoil of the annual alfalfa field, while the amount of humus accumulated in the topsoil in the biennial clover field was 1.70% and the total nitrogen content was 0.150%. It should be noted. that the development of irrigation erosion in irrigated arable lands depends on the fact that the surface of the area is covered with a large cover. This was clearly shown by the observations. It was found that both relatively weak (0.4 mm / min) and very (1.4 mm / min) heavy rains protect clover soil from further washing. Thus, 0.4 mm / min. In heavy rains, the depth of the furrow under alfalfa is 14.4 mm, 31 mm at 1.4 mm / min, 50.9 and 64.2 mm between rows of cotton, respectively, and 78.6 and 113 mm along the row. 6 mm
文章中的研究表明，生产力随着结构的改善而提高。这可以用以下事实来解释:在直径为0.25 mm的抗水团聚体为14%的土壤中，籽粒产量为22.2分/公顷，而抗水团聚体为8%。在土壤中，这一数字降至18.4美分/公顷(3.8美分/公顷)。众所周知，紫花苜蓿在改善土壤的水物理性质及其农业化学成分方面起着关键作用。作者的研究表明，三叶草下的抗水团聚体数量远高于棉田。这可以从下面的对比中清楚地看到。因此，棉田0 ~ 10 cm土壤中抗水团聚体数量为4.0 ~ 18.5;0.5 cm为6.5-11.2,20-30 cm为4.5-18.2，三叶草作物该指标为35.0;增加到24.7和27.0。此外，紫花苜蓿栽培土壤中有机质和矿质物质积累较多。他们通过对一年和两年地块的土壤样本进行分析，证明了这一点。结果表明，一年生苜蓿草地表层土壤腐殖质积累量为1.66%，全氮含量为0.112%，二年生三叶草地表层土壤腐殖质积累量为1.70%，全氮含量为0.150%。值得注意的是。灌溉区水土流失的发生与灌溉区地表覆盖面积大有关。观察清楚地表明了这一点。研究发现，较弱(0.4 mm / min)和非常强(1.4 mm / min)的降雨都能保护三叶草土壤免受进一步的冲刷。因此，在大雨中，紫花苜蓿下的沟深为14.4毫米，在1.4毫米/分钟时为31毫米，棉花行间的沟深分别为50.9和64.2毫米，沿行深为78.6和113毫米。6毫米
{"title":"The Effectiveness of the Application of Comprehensive Measures to Combat Erosion Using Irrigation in a Market Economy in Azerbaijan: on the Example of the Kur-Araks Plain","authors":"Aliyev Zh","doi":"10.22377/AEXTJ.V4I3.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AEXTJ.V4I3.232","url":null,"abstract":"Studies in the article have shown that productivity increases with improved structure. This is explained by the fact that in soils with 0.25 mm diameter water-resistant aggregates of 14%, grain yield is 22.2 cents / ha, while water-resistant aggregates are 8%. In soils, this figure decreased to 18.4 cents / ha (3.8 cents / ha). It is also known that alfalfa plays a key role in improving the water-physical properties of the soil, as well as its agrochemical composition. The author's research shows that the amount of water-resistant aggregates under the clover is much higher than in the cotton fields. This can be clearly seen from the following comparison. Thus, the amount of water-resistant aggregates in 0-10 cm of soil in the cotton field is 4.0-18.5; While 0.5 cm is 6.5-11.2 and 20-30 cm is 4.5-18.2, in clover crops this indicator is 35.0; Increased to 24.7 and 27.0. In addition, it revealed the accumulation of more organic and mineral substances under alfalfa cultivation. They proved this by the analysis of soil samples taken from the one-year and two-year plots. It was found that 1.66% humus and 0.112% total nitrogen were accumulated in the topsoil of the annual alfalfa field, while the amount of humus accumulated in the topsoil in the biennial clover field was 1.70% and the total nitrogen content was 0.150%. It should be noted. that the development of irrigation erosion in irrigated arable lands depends on the fact that the surface of the area is covered with a large cover. This was clearly shown by the observations. It was found that both relatively weak (0.4 mm / min) and very (1.4 mm / min) heavy rains protect clover soil from further washing. Thus, 0.4 mm / min. In heavy rains, the depth of the furrow under alfalfa is 14.4 mm, 31 mm at 1.4 mm / min, 50.9 and 64.2 mm between rows of cotton, respectively, and 78.6 and 113 mm along the row. 6 mm","PeriodicalId":222396,"journal":{"name":"Research on World Agricultural Economy","volume":"23 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129006948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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