A novel solid-state joining method called Cold Spot Joining (CSJ) has been successfully developed. In this joining concept, the material near the joining interface is plastically deformed under high pressure to form a joining interface, resulting in the fragmentation of oxide films at the joining interface and the formation of strong interface. Medium carbon steel sheets were CS-joined under various process conditions. The joining temperature can be varied by the applied pressure during CSJ. Microstructural observations and hardness distribution indicated that the appropriate pressurization resulted in joining temperatures below the A1 point and suppressed the formation of the brittle martensitic structure. By providing appropriate applied pressure, sound S45C spot-welded joints were successfully produced, showing plug failure of the base metal in both tensile shear and cross-tension tests. Further investigation into the mechanism of interface formation reveals that the oxide film at the interface is fragmented and expelled. At the same time, dynamic recrystallization occurs at the interface and extremely fine new grains with dispersed fine cementite are formed at the interface to achieve the sound joining with sufficient strength.
{"title":"Formation Mechanism of Joint Interface in Cold Spot Joining Method and its Joint Properties","authors":"Takumi Aibara, Masayoshi Kamai, Yoshiaki Morisada, Kohsaku Ushioda, Hidetoshi Fujii","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-074","url":null,"abstract":"A novel solid-state joining method called Cold Spot Joining (CSJ) has been successfully developed. In this joining concept, the material near the joining interface is plastically deformed under high pressure to form a joining interface, resulting in the fragmentation of oxide films at the joining interface and the formation of strong interface. Medium carbon steel sheets were CS-joined under various process conditions. The joining temperature can be varied by the applied pressure during CSJ. Microstructural observations and hardness distribution indicated that the appropriate pressurization resulted in joining temperatures below the A1 point and suppressed the formation of the brittle martensitic structure. By providing appropriate applied pressure, sound S45C spot-welded joints were successfully produced, showing plug failure of the base metal in both tensile shear and cross-tension tests. Further investigation into the mechanism of interface formation reveals that the oxide film at the interface is fragmented and expelled. At the same time, dynamic recrystallization occurs at the interface and extremely fine new grains with dispersed fine cementite are formed at the interface to achieve the sound joining with sufficient strength.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134890215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-112
Kohichi Isobe, Yuga Kumagai, Takumi Satou
{"title":"Effects of Cooling Conditions and γ Grain Size on each Behavior of Transformations, 3-Dimensional Thermal Deformation and Stress Generation during Immersion Cooling of Steel Bloom","authors":"Kohichi Isobe, Yuga Kumagai, Takumi Satou","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75047028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-110
S. Bae, Satoshi Oue, Yu-ki Taninouchi, I. Son, Hiroaki Nakano
{"title":"光沢剤を含むアルカリジンケート浴から電析したZn-Ni合金皮膜の耐食性","authors":"S. Bae, Satoshi Oue, Yu-ki Taninouchi, I. Son, Hiroaki Nakano","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85027892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-103
Atsuhiro Itoh, Yuri Mizuo, Eiji Oda, M. Imafuku
{"title":"ボールミリングによる純鉄粉末のミクロ構造変化~X線ラインプロファイル解析およびTEM観察~","authors":"Atsuhiro Itoh, Yuri Mizuo, Eiji Oda, M. Imafuku","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77182365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-080
Shinnosuke Yanagawa, Ikumu Watanabe
Yield-point phenomena in Ferrite–Pearlite duplex steels were investigated using multi-scale computational simulations. In this multi-scale simulations, stress–strain relationship of Ferrite phase was characterized by an elastoplastic constitutive model considering yield-drop behavior and its material constants were determined by minimizing residual error between a computational simulation and experiment of tensile test, where yield-point phenomenon in a tensile test of Ferrite steel was reproduced.
{"title":"Multiscale Finite Element Analysis of Yield-point Phenomenon in Ferrite–Pearlite Duplex Steels","authors":"Shinnosuke Yanagawa, Ikumu Watanabe","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-080","url":null,"abstract":"Yield-point phenomena in Ferrite–Pearlite duplex steels were investigated using multi-scale computational simulations. In this multi-scale simulations, stress–strain relationship of Ferrite phase was characterized by an elastoplastic constitutive model considering yield-drop behavior and its material constants were determined by minimizing residual error between a computational simulation and experiment of tensile test, where yield-point phenomenon in a tensile test of Ferrite steel was reproduced.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135052543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-079
Yusuke Onuki
Medium manganese steels, containing 3~10 mass% of Mn, are considered promising as the 3rd generation high strength steel. In this study, in situ neutron diffraction experiments were conducted during uniaxial tensile deformation for Fe-4.91Mn-0.092C (mass%). The primary aim was to investigate the change of austenite texture accompanied with the deformation induced martensitic transformation (DIMT). It was observed that grains oriented <001> towards the tensile direction tend to persist during the deformation. Moreover, the fraction of <001> oriented grains increases due to crystal rotation caused by dislocation slip. Grains with <111> towards the tensile direction are consumed more rapidly than those with <001>. These observations are qualitatively reproduced by visco-plastic self-consistent model, additionally considering DIMT to ε martensite. Although ε martensite was not identified in the diffraction pattern obtained in this study, a previous microstructural study indicated the γ→ε→α’ type DIMT for the same material. In contrast, it is known that in low alloyed TRIP steels subjected to tensile deformation, grains with <111> tend to survive, where γ→α’ type DIMT occurs. Based on the results of this study, the orientation that persists after tensile deformation can distinguish between the DIMT mechanisms: γ→ε→α ’ or γ→α ’ type.
{"title":"Texture Development in Austenite during Tensile Deformation of 5%Mn Steel Accompanied by Deformation-Induced Martensite Transformation","authors":"Yusuke Onuki","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-079","url":null,"abstract":"Medium manganese steels, containing 3~10 mass% of Mn, are considered promising as the 3rd generation high strength steel. In this study, in situ neutron diffraction experiments were conducted during uniaxial tensile deformation for Fe-4.91Mn-0.092C (mass%). The primary aim was to investigate the change of austenite texture accompanied with the deformation induced martensitic transformation (DIMT). It was observed that grains oriented <001> towards the tensile direction tend to persist during the deformation. Moreover, the fraction of <001> oriented grains increases due to crystal rotation caused by dislocation slip. Grains with <111> towards the tensile direction are consumed more rapidly than those with <001>. These observations are qualitatively reproduced by visco-plastic self-consistent model, additionally considering DIMT to ε martensite. Although ε martensite was not identified in the diffraction pattern obtained in this study, a previous microstructural study indicated the γ→ε→α’ type DIMT for the same material. In contrast, it is known that in low alloyed TRIP steels subjected to tensile deformation, grains with <111> tend to survive, where γ→α’ type DIMT occurs. Based on the results of this study, the orientation that persists after tensile deformation can distinguish between the DIMT mechanisms: γ→ε→α ’ or γ→α ’ type.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135605079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-130
S. Taniguchi, Miyuri Kameya, Yukiko Kobayashi, Kazuma Ito, S. Yamasaki
{"title":"Hydrogen Trapping and Precipitation of Alloy Carbides in Molybdenum Added Steels and Vanadium Added Steels","authors":"S. Taniguchi, Miyuri Kameya, Yukiko Kobayashi, Kazuma Ito, S. Yamasaki","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77386311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-046
H. Shinto, Shinya Ienaka, Yohei Matsumoto, Hiroshi Utsunomiya
{"title":"冷間転造スプライン成形における歯面精度におよぼす材料特性の影響","authors":"H. Shinto, Shinya Ienaka, Yohei Matsumoto, Hiroshi Utsunomiya","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83144857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2021-033
Kengo Watanabe, Shuntaro Ida, K. Yoshimi
{"title":"Influence of Carbides Precipitated by Low-temperature Tempering on Room-temperature Mechanical Properties of Grade 91 Steel","authors":"Kengo Watanabe, Shuntaro Ida, K. Yoshimi","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2021-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2021-033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75521907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.2355/TETSUTOHAGANE.TETSU-2020-073
Masaru Matsumura, Yasuhide Yamaguchi, K. Higuchi, T. Murakami, T. Maeda
: In order to blend PF (pellet feed) or concentrates for 20 mass% in sinter mixture and to displace coke fines or anthracite to biomass for 25 mass% in BAR (Bonding Agent Rate), sinter packed bed has been designed in ISIJ Research workshop. Outline of the design is shown as below. As designing, most important factor is permeability, and it has to be maintained even though fine materials as PF or concentrates is highly blended (20 mass%). For high permeability, GP [Green Pellet] gran-ulated from fine materials, is placed in lower layer of raw materials packed bed. In the lower layer, mill scale and biomass char, which has characteristic of different oxidation or combustion temperature and rate compared to coke fine, are placed with coke fines for keeping high temperature (>1200°C), because GP needs longer sintering time due to large diameter. In addition, chemical composition of GP is low bacisity (1.5) and low CaO content for keeping its shape through restricting melt formation at sintering. Restricting melt formation sinter quality study, Effect of the packed bed mentioned above on sinter performance and quality has con-firmed by sintering simulator which has performance of continuous charging and igniting with moving pallet car. The main results are shown as below.
{"title":"Improvement of Sinter Productivity and Qualities by Placing Low Slag Green Pellet at Lower Layer of Sinter Packed Bed","authors":"Masaru Matsumura, Yasuhide Yamaguchi, K. Higuchi, T. Murakami, T. Maeda","doi":"10.2355/TETSUTOHAGANE.TETSU-2020-073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/TETSUTOHAGANE.TETSU-2020-073","url":null,"abstract":": In order to blend PF (pellet feed) or concentrates for 20 mass% in sinter mixture and to displace coke fines or anthracite to biomass for 25 mass% in BAR (Bonding Agent Rate), sinter packed bed has been designed in ISIJ Research workshop. Outline of the design is shown as below. As designing, most important factor is permeability, and it has to be maintained even though fine materials as PF or concentrates is highly blended (20 mass%). For high permeability, GP [Green Pellet] gran-ulated from fine materials, is placed in lower layer of raw materials packed bed. In the lower layer, mill scale and biomass char, which has characteristic of different oxidation or combustion temperature and rate compared to coke fine, are placed with coke fines for keeping high temperature (>1200°C), because GP needs longer sintering time due to large diameter. In addition, chemical composition of GP is low bacisity (1.5) and low CaO content for keeping its shape through restricting melt formation at sintering. Restricting melt formation sinter quality study, Effect of the packed bed mentioned above on sinter performance and quality has con-firmed by sintering simulator which has performance of continuous charging and igniting with moving pallet car. The main results are shown as below.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81196277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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