Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-123
Atsuhiro Itoh, K. Kamada, M. Imafuku
{"title":"Microscopic Study of Surface Hardening by Grit Blasting on Hot Rolled Low Carbon Steel (SPHC)","authors":"Atsuhiro Itoh, K. Kamada, M. Imafuku","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"364 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74006520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-085
Yasumitsu Kondo
{"title":"Review of Oxide Scale in Hot-rolling Process","authors":"Yasumitsu Kondo","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89124113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-127
K. Shinozuka, H. Esaka
{"title":"Growth Mechanism of Fe2Al5 Phase during Aluminizing Process Using a Marker Experiment","authors":"K. Shinozuka, H. Esaka","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89371877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-050
Y. Morizono, T. Yamamuro, S. Tsurekawa
{"title":"Defect Formation in Aluminum-coated Steel by Heat Treatment","authors":"Y. Morizono, T. Yamamuro, S. Tsurekawa","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75293225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-087
D. Terazawa, Y. Shimada, K. Ishikawa, Tetsuya Namegawa, M. Fujioka, M. Hoshino
{"title":"Change in Concentration of Boron Segregated on Austenite Grain Boundary after Hot Deformation and during Recrystallization in Low Carbon Steels","authors":"D. Terazawa, Y. Shimada, K. Ishikawa, Tetsuya Namegawa, M. Fujioka, M. Hoshino","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78863544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microscopic deformation and fracture behavior of a ferrite-bainite dual phase steel was investigated by the micro-grid method and FE analysis to understand the inherent conditions of plastic instability and ductile fracture. The micro-grid method, which the microscopic strain is measured by the displacement of grids with 500 nm intervals drawn on the specimen surface, clearly revealed that the shear deformation along the lath structure in the bainite phase was seen before reaching the maximum loading point. Then, voids were observed in the ferrite phase adjacent to the ferrite/bainite boundary, where showing higher strain concentration. From the FE analysis with the model simulating actual ferrite-bainite microstructure, stress distribution was seen in the bainite phase, and high stressed regions could cause the shear deformation of the bainite phase. The local shear deformation in the bainite phase decreased strain hardenability and triggered the macroscopic plastic instability. It is considered that the macroscopic plastic instability accelerates the strain localization, and promotes the void nucleation and growth. Ductile fracture path was also visualized by the micro-grids in the ferrite phase along the shear deformation bands which is connecting the high strain regions. Development of shear deformation bands inside the ferrite phase was well simulated with the FE analysis, same as the development of high stressed region in the bainite phase in the early stage. It can be stated, therefore, that plastic instability and ductile fracture of dual phase steel is a structure dependent phenomenon which is strongly controlled by the morphologies of each constituent phases.
{"title":"フェライト-ベイナイト複相鋼の延性破壊挙動に及ぼす局所変形組織の影響","authors":"Kyono Yasuda, Nobuyuki Ishikawa, Jin Sueyoshi, Tatsuya Morikawa, Masaki Tanaka, Kenji Higashida","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-066","url":null,"abstract":"Microscopic deformation and fracture behavior of a ferrite-bainite dual phase steel was investigated by the micro-grid method and FE analysis to understand the inherent conditions of plastic instability and ductile fracture. The micro-grid method, which the microscopic strain is measured by the displacement of grids with 500 nm intervals drawn on the specimen surface, clearly revealed that the shear deformation along the lath structure in the bainite phase was seen before reaching the maximum loading point. Then, voids were observed in the ferrite phase adjacent to the ferrite/bainite boundary, where showing higher strain concentration. From the FE analysis with the model simulating actual ferrite-bainite microstructure, stress distribution was seen in the bainite phase, and high stressed regions could cause the shear deformation of the bainite phase. The local shear deformation in the bainite phase decreased strain hardenability and triggered the macroscopic plastic instability. It is considered that the macroscopic plastic instability accelerates the strain localization, and promotes the void nucleation and growth. Ductile fracture path was also visualized by the micro-grids in the ferrite phase along the shear deformation bands which is connecting the high strain regions. Development of shear deformation bands inside the ferrite phase was well simulated with the FE analysis, same as the development of high stressed region in the bainite phase in the early stage. It can be stated, therefore, that plastic instability and ductile fracture of dual phase steel is a structure dependent phenomenon which is strongly controlled by the morphologies of each constituent phases.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136008836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-109
Atsuhiro Itoh, M. Imafuku
{"title":"微小部XRDによる湾曲試料のX線ラインプロファイル解析の適用限界","authors":"Atsuhiro Itoh, M. Imafuku","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73963138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, fatigue crack initiation and propagation properties of three structural steels with different static strength and cyclic softening behavior were evaluated and compared with the estimation results based on the local strain response. Steel C had the highest cyclic softening rate, which was 10 times that of steel A and twice that of steel B. The relationship between strain range and fatigue life in the fatigue life region shorter than 105 cycles was almost the same regardless of the test steels. The fatigue crack initiation life from the notch bottom of the SENT specimen was almost the same independent of static strength and cyclic softening rate. The crack initiation life estimated from the Strain range versus fatigue life equation using the local strain response measured by DIC was roughly in agreement with the experimental results. Steel C had the highest crack opening load and the slowest fatigue crack propagation rate compared to the other two steels. The local strain range at the fatigue crack tip showed a good correlation with the fatigue crack propagation rate irrespective of the steel grade. In addition, the estimates of fatigue crack propagation rate based on the local strain response were in almost agreement with the experimental results.
{"title":"局所ひずみに基づく繰返し軟化特性の異なる構造用鋼の疲労亀裂発生・伝播特性評価","authors":"Takayuki Yonezawa, Pengjun Luo, Seiichiro Tsutsumi","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-088","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, fatigue crack initiation and propagation properties of three structural steels with different static strength and cyclic softening behavior were evaluated and compared with the estimation results based on the local strain response. Steel C had the highest cyclic softening rate, which was 10 times that of steel A and twice that of steel B. The relationship between strain range and fatigue life in the fatigue life region shorter than 105 cycles was almost the same regardless of the test steels. The fatigue crack initiation life from the notch bottom of the SENT specimen was almost the same independent of static strength and cyclic softening rate. The crack initiation life estimated from the Strain range versus fatigue life equation using the local strain response measured by DIC was roughly in agreement with the experimental results. Steel C had the highest crack opening load and the slowest fatigue crack propagation rate compared to the other two steels. The local strain range at the fatigue crack tip showed a good correlation with the fatigue crack propagation rate irrespective of the steel grade. In addition, the estimates of fatigue crack propagation rate based on the local strain response were in almost agreement with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-093
Ko-ichiro Ohno, Taiga Eguchi, Tatsuya Kon
Slag foaming is a phenomenon caused by the generation of CO bubbles due to the reaction between iron oxide in slag and carbon in pig iron. The purpose of this study is to explore the controlling factors of slag foaming by observing the bubble formation behavior caused by the chemical reaction between iron oxide and Fe-C alloy in slag. 0.06 g of Fe-C alloy was charged to the bottom of the BN crucible, and 6.0 g of slag (SiO2:CaO:Fe2O3 = 40:40:30) was charged on top of it. The crucible was placed in an infrared image heating furnace, and the temperature was rapidly raised to 1370°C at a rate of 1000°C/min in a N2 stream, then held for a predetermined time and rapidly cooled. After rapidly cooling, the internal structure of the sample was observed using a high-resolution X-ray CT device. The spherical equivalent volume is calculated based on the number of bubbles observed and their equivalent circle diameter, and the relationship between the volume ratio of small bubbles in the slag volume and the distance from the bottom of the crucible is calculated, and the bubble density and volume ratio are calculated. It was suggested that the value tends to increase as the distance from the bottom of the crucible increases.
炉渣起泡是炉渣中的氧化铁与生铁中的碳发生反应产生CO气泡而产生的一种现象。本研究的目的是通过观察炉渣中氧化铁与Fe-C合金的化学反应形成气泡的行为，探讨炉渣起泡的控制因素。在BN坩埚底部充注0.06 g Fe-C合金，在坩埚顶部充注6.0 g炉渣(SiO2:CaO:Fe2O3 = 40:40:30)。将坩埚置于红外图像加热炉中，在N2流中以1000°C/min的速度快速升温至1370°C，然后保温一段预定时间并快速冷却。快速冷却后，使用高分辨率x射线CT设备观察样品的内部结构。根据观察到的气泡数及其等效圆直径计算出球形等效体积，计算出渣体积中小气泡的体积比与离坩埚底距离的关系，计算出气泡密度和体积比。随着离坩埚底距离的增加，该值有增大的趋势。
{"title":"酸化鉄含有スラグの溶融還元に伴う発生気泡の気泡径分布および発生位置の測定","authors":"Ko-ichiro Ohno, Taiga Eguchi, Tatsuya Kon","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-093","url":null,"abstract":"Slag foaming is a phenomenon caused by the generation of CO bubbles due to the reaction between iron oxide in slag and carbon in pig iron. The purpose of this study is to explore the controlling factors of slag foaming by observing the bubble formation behavior caused by the chemical reaction between iron oxide and Fe-C alloy in slag. 0.06 g of Fe-C alloy was charged to the bottom of the BN crucible, and 6.0 g of slag (SiO2:CaO:Fe2O3 = 40:40:30) was charged on top of it. The crucible was placed in an infrared image heating furnace, and the temperature was rapidly raised to 1370°C at a rate of 1000°C/min in a N2 stream, then held for a predetermined time and rapidly cooled. After rapidly cooling, the internal structure of the sample was observed using a high-resolution X-ray CT device. The spherical equivalent volume is calculated based on the number of bubbles observed and their equivalent circle diameter, and the relationship between the volume ratio of small bubbles in the slag volume and the distance from the bottom of the crucible is calculated, and the bubble density and volume ratio are calculated. It was suggested that the value tends to increase as the distance from the bottom of the crucible increases.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-075
Satoshi Hasui, Yoshihiko Higuchi
To meet the increasing demand for low-impurity steel products, powder top blowing has been applied to the steelmaking process. Powder reagents penetrating deeper into the molten metal lead to longer resident time and higher efficiency of refining. Many studies have been performed on the basis of cold model experiments with a single liquid phase for clarifying the penetration behavior of the particle. However, the effects of the second liquid phase have been reported little whereas molten slag often exists on the surface of molten metal in the steelmaking process.
{"title":"オイル層で覆われた水浴に侵入する球体の流体力学的挙動","authors":"Satoshi Hasui, Yoshihiko Higuchi","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-075","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the increasing demand for low-impurity steel products, powder top blowing has been applied to the steelmaking process. Powder reagents penetrating deeper into the molten metal lead to longer resident time and higher efficiency of refining. Many studies have been performed on the basis of cold model experiments with a single liquid phase for clarifying the penetration behavior of the particle. However, the effects of the second liquid phase have been reported little whereas molten slag often exists on the surface of molten metal in the steelmaking process.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135052803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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