Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2021-042
H. Yoshida, Amano Shota, Nakai Yoshie, Yukio Takahashi, N. Kikuchi
: The peroxidation of molten steel is a problem occurred in a combined blowing converter with inert gas blowing. It caused by a relatively weak mixing power of bottom blown inert gas compared with that of bottom blown oxygen gas. In order to resolve the problem, several methods for optimizing top and bottom blowing conditions has developed. However, the effect of the equipment condition such as converter shape on the met-allurgical characteristics has not been investigated enough. In this study, the effect of H/D (ratio of bath depth H to bath diameter D) on the reaction rate between slag and metal, and furnace body vibration in converter was investigated by water model experiments. It was found that the apparent reaction rate constant, kA/ V w , increase with increasing H/D, except for the case of H/D=0.85. It seemed that the change of kA/V w with increasing H/D has a relation to the behavior of bath vibration. From the analysis based on the bath surface vibration model, it was indicated that the change of H/D affects the bath surface vibration behavior and the formation behavior of slag emulsion, and these effects increase the reaction interface between slag and metal.
钢水过氧化是在转炉与惰性气体联合吹炼时发生的问题。这是由于底吹惰性气体与底吹氧气相比，混合力相对较弱造成的。为了解决这一问题，开发了几种优化顶吹和底吹条件的方法。然而，转炉形状等设备条件对冶金特性的影响研究还不够深入。通过水模型试验，研究了熔池深度与熔池直径之比H/D对炉渣与金属反应速率及转炉炉体振动的影响。除H/D=0.85外，表观反应速率常数kA/ V w随H/D的增大而增大。随着H/D的增加，kA/V / w的变化似乎与镀液的振动行为有关。基于熔池表面振动模型的分析表明，H/D的变化影响熔池表面振动行为和炉渣乳化液的形成行为，这些影响增加了炉渣与金属的反应界面。
{"title":"Effect of Converter Shape on Reaction Rate between Slag and Metal in a Combined Blowing Converter with Inert Gas Bottom Blowing","authors":"H. Yoshida, Amano Shota, Nakai Yoshie, Yukio Takahashi, N. Kikuchi","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2021-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2021-042","url":null,"abstract":": The peroxidation of molten steel is a problem occurred in a combined blowing converter with inert gas blowing. It caused by a relatively weak mixing power of bottom blown inert gas compared with that of bottom blown oxygen gas. In order to resolve the problem, several methods for optimizing top and bottom blowing conditions has developed. However, the effect of the equipment condition such as converter shape on the met-allurgical characteristics has not been investigated enough. In this study, the effect of H/D (ratio of bath depth H to bath diameter D) on the reaction rate between slag and metal, and furnace body vibration in converter was investigated by water model experiments. It was found that the apparent reaction rate constant, kA/ V w , increase with increasing H/D, except for the case of H/D=0.85. It seemed that the change of kA/V w with increasing H/D has a relation to the behavior of bath vibration. From the analysis based on the bath surface vibration model, it was indicated that the change of H/D affects the bath surface vibration behavior and the formation behavior of slag emulsion, and these effects increase the reaction interface between slag and metal.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89560238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2021-046
Y. Uchida, Chiho Watanabe, M. Hasegawa
{"title":"Phase Equilibria in High Phosphate-Containing Slag without CaO Saturation at Elevated Temperature","authors":"Y. Uchida, Chiho Watanabe, M. Hasegawa","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2021-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2021-046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73698314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-102
Y. Ueshima
{"title":"硫化物の溶融温度に関する現象論的理解","authors":"Y. Ueshima","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78373731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-091
Satoru Kobayashi
{"title":"Grain Size Dependence of Secondary Creep Rate in Pure Metals and Single-phase Alloys","authors":"Satoru Kobayashi","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79078451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-122
M. Demura
{"title":"Challenges in Materials Integration","authors":"M. Demura","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83935237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated the dynamic tensile properties of 4, 5, 6-mass%-Mn-containing low carbon steels with multi-phase microstructures containing retained austenite. The five materials used were classified into two groups. The first group of materials, with around 10% of retained austenite, showed normal strain rete dependence of yield strength (YS) and tensile strength (TS) as in conventional high strength steels. The second group of materials, containing 25-36 % of retained austenite and exhibiting Lüders elongation, showed also normal strain rate dependence of YS and flow stress at Lüders deformation, but TS varied in a complex manner. Among the second group, in the 4 Mn steel, TS was nearly constant at strain rates below 1 s-1 and increased slightly at higher strain rates. In the 5 and 6 Mn steels, TS once decreased up to the strain rate of 1 or 10 s-1, and then began to increase at higher strain rates. These behaviors were discussed in terms of temperature rise during plastic deformation and thermal stability of retained austenite. In the 4 Mn steel with relatively unstable retained austenite, almost all the austenite transforms regardless of strain rate. In the 5 and 6 Mn steels, where the retained austenite is moderately stable, its martensitic transformation is suppressed due to temperature rise, resulting in the decrease in TS at relatively low strain rates. At higher strain rates, the increase in flow stress prevails and TS begins to increase.
{"title":"残留オーステナイトを含有する中Mn複合組織鋼の高速変形特性","authors":"Yoshitaka Okitsu, Tomohiko Hojo, Satoshi Morooka, Goro Miyamoto","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-065","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the dynamic tensile properties of 4, 5, 6-mass%-Mn-containing low carbon steels with multi-phase microstructures containing retained austenite. The five materials used were classified into two groups. The first group of materials, with around 10% of retained austenite, showed normal strain rete dependence of yield strength (YS) and tensile strength (TS) as in conventional high strength steels. The second group of materials, containing 25-36 % of retained austenite and exhibiting Lüders elongation, showed also normal strain rate dependence of YS and flow stress at Lüders deformation, but TS varied in a complex manner. Among the second group, in the 4 Mn steel, TS was nearly constant at strain rates below 1 s-1 and increased slightly at higher strain rates. In the 5 and 6 Mn steels, TS once decreased up to the strain rate of 1 or 10 s-1, and then began to increase at higher strain rates. These behaviors were discussed in terms of temperature rise during plastic deformation and thermal stability of retained austenite. In the 4 Mn steel with relatively unstable retained austenite, almost all the austenite transforms regardless of strain rate. In the 5 and 6 Mn steels, where the retained austenite is moderately stable, its martensitic transformation is suppressed due to temperature rise, resulting in the decrease in TS at relatively low strain rates. At higher strain rates, the increase in flow stress prevails and TS begins to increase.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136008845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-068
Y. Tanaka, Kazunori Kamimiyada, K. Morishita, H. Miyahara
{"title":"Effect of Cu Addition on Solidification Microstructure in High Carbon High Speed Steel Type Cast Alloy","authors":"Y. Tanaka, Kazunori Kamimiyada, K. Morishita, H. Miyahara","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90617238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-118
Shuntaro Ida, Kengo Watanabe, K. Yoshimi
{"title":"Solidification Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of B1-type TiC in Fe-Ti-C Ternary Alloys","authors":"Shuntaro Ida, Kengo Watanabe, K. Yoshimi","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90893561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reverse transformation behavior during heating in Fe-10%Mn-0.1%C (mass%) martensitic alloy consisting of α’-martensite, ε-martensite and retained austenite was investigated using the in-situ neutron diffraction. When the temperature was elevated with a heating rate of 10 K/s, the ε→γ reverse transformation occurred first at the temperature range of 535–712 K, where Fe and Mn hardly diffused. In the temperature range where the ε→γ reverse transformation occurred, the full width at half maximum of the 200γ peak increased, indicating that the austenite reversed from ε-martensite contains high-density dislocations. In addition, the transformation temperature hardly depends on the heating rate and the crystal orientation of the reversed austenite was identical to that of the prior austenite (austenite memory), which suggests that the ε→γ reverse transformation would proceed through the displacive mechanism. After completion of the ε→γ transformation, the α’→γ reverse transformation occurred at the temperature range of 842–950 K. When the heating rate is low (<10 K/s), the reverse transformation start temperature significantly depends on the heating rate. It could be because the diffusional reverse transformation accompanying the repartitioning of Mn occurs. On the other hand, a higher heating rate (≥10 K/s) resulted in the disappearance of the heating rate dependence. This was probably due to the change in the transformation mechanism to the massive-type transformation, which is diffusional transformation without repartitioning of Mn.
{"title":"Reverse Transformation Behavior in Multi-phased Medium Mn martensitic Steel Analyzed by In-situ Neutron Diffraction","authors":"Kyosuke Matsuda, Takuro Masumura, Toshihiro Tsuchiyama, Yusuke Onuki, Misa Takanashi, Takuya Maeda, Yuzo Kawamoto, Hiroyuki Shirahata, Ryuji Uemori","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-070","url":null,"abstract":"The reverse transformation behavior during heating in Fe-10%Mn-0.1%C (mass%) martensitic alloy consisting of α’-martensite, ε-martensite and retained austenite was investigated using the in-situ neutron diffraction. When the temperature was elevated with a heating rate of 10 K/s, the ε→γ reverse transformation occurred first at the temperature range of 535–712 K, where Fe and Mn hardly diffused. In the temperature range where the ε→γ reverse transformation occurred, the full width at half maximum of the 200γ peak increased, indicating that the austenite reversed from ε-martensite contains high-density dislocations. In addition, the transformation temperature hardly depends on the heating rate and the crystal orientation of the reversed austenite was identical to that of the prior austenite (austenite memory), which suggests that the ε→γ reverse transformation would proceed through the displacive mechanism. After completion of the ε→γ transformation, the α’→γ reverse transformation occurred at the temperature range of 842–950 K. When the heating rate is low (<10 K/s), the reverse transformation start temperature significantly depends on the heating rate. It could be because the diffusional reverse transformation accompanying the repartitioning of Mn occurs. On the other hand, a higher heating rate (≥10 K/s) resulted in the disappearance of the heating rate dependence. This was probably due to the change in the transformation mechanism to the massive-type transformation, which is diffusional transformation without repartitioning of Mn.","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136256825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-084
Yoshiki Shioda, Noriko Saito, Kyohei Nomura, K. Kubushiro
{"title":"Creep Rupture Strength and Phase Stability of the Austenite Phase for KA-SUS304J1HTB","authors":"Yoshiki Shioda, Noriko Saito, Kyohei Nomura, K. Kubushiro","doi":"10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2022-084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22340,"journal":{"name":"Tetsu To Hagane-journal of The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81601214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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