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Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 193) 光伏文献调查(第 193 号)
IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/pip.3842
Ziv Hameiri
<p>In order to help readers stay up-to-date in the field, each issue of <i>Progress in Photovoltaics</i> will contain a list of recently published journal articles that are most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including <i>IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics</i>, <i>Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells</i>, <i>Renewable Energy</i>, <i>Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews</i>, <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>, and <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. To assist readers, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Ziv Hameiri at <span>[email protected]</span>.</p><p> <span>Pham, PV</span>, <span>Mai, TH</span>, <span>Dash, SP</span>, <i>et al</i>. <span>Transfer of 2D films: From imperfection to perfection</span>. <i>Acs Nano</i> <span>2024</span>; <span>18</span>(<span>23</span>): <span>14841</span>–<span>14876</span>.</p><p> <span>Hanif, MF</span>, <span>Mi, J</span>. <span>Harnessing AI for solar energy: Emergence of transformer models</span>. <i>Applied Energy</i> <span>2024</span>; <span>369</span>: <span>123541</span>.</p><p> <span>Han, YB</span>, <span>Fang, XS</span>, <span>Shi, ZF</span>. <span>Advances in chalcogenide perovskites: Fundamentals and applications</span>. <i>Applied Physics Reviews</i> <span>2024</span>; <span>11</span>(<span>2</span>): 021338.</p><p> <span>Chakraborty, A</span>, <span>Lucarelli, G</span>, <span>Xu, J</span>, <i>et al</i>. <span>Photovoltaics for indoor energy harvesting</span>. <i>Nano Energy</i> <span>2024</span>; <span>128</span>: <span>109932</span>.</p><p> <span>Buratti, Y</span>, <span>Javier, GMN</span>, <span>Abdullah-Vetter, Z</span>, <i>et al</i>. <span>Machine learning for advanced characterisation of silicon photovoltaics: A comprehensive review of techniques and applications</span>. <i>Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews</i> <span>2024</span>; <span>202</span>: <span>114617</span>.</p><p> <span>Gupta, V</span>, <span>Kumar, P</span>, <span>Singh, R</span>. <span>Unveiling the potential of bifacial photovoltaics in harvesting indoor light energy: A comprehensive review</span>. <i>Solar Energy</i> <span>2024</span>; <span>276</span>: <span>112660</span>.</p><p> <span>Chen, KJ</span>, <span>Johnston, SW</span>, <span>Taylor, PC</span>, <i>et al</i>. <span>Crystalline Si surface passivation with nafion for bulk defects detection with electron paramagnetic resonance</span>. <i>Acs Applied Materials and Interfaces</i> <span>2024</span>; <span>16</span>(<span>17</span>): <span>22736</span>–<span>22746</span>.</p><p> <span>Chen, XT</span>, <span>Kamat, PV</span>, <span>Janáky, C</span>, <i>et al</i>. <span>Charge
为了帮助读者了解该领域的最新进展,每期《光伏进展》都会列出一份最近发表的与其目标和范围最相关的期刊文章清单。这份清单选自极为广泛的期刊,包括《IEEE 光伏学报》、《太阳能材料和太阳能电池》、《可再生能源》、《可再生和可持续能源评论》、《应用物理学报》和《应用物理快报》。为帮助读者,本列表分为几大类,但请注意,这些分类并不严格。同时请注意,列入列表并不代表对论文质量的认可。如果您有任何建议,请发送电子邮件至 ziv.hameiri@unsw.edu.au 联系 Ziv Hameiri。
{"title":"Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 193)","authors":"Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.3842","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3842","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In order to help readers stay up-to-date in the field, each issue of &lt;i&gt;Progress in Photovoltaics&lt;/i&gt; will contain a list of recently published journal articles that are most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including &lt;i&gt;IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Renewable Energy&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Physics&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Applied Physics Letters&lt;/i&gt;. To assist readers, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Ziv Hameiri at &lt;span&gt;[email protected]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Pham, PV&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Mai, TH&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Dash, SP&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Transfer of 2D films: From imperfection to perfection&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Acs Nano&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;): &lt;span&gt;14841&lt;/span&gt;–&lt;span&gt;14876&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Hanif, MF&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Mi, J&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Harnessing AI for solar energy: Emergence of transformer models&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Applied Energy&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;369&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;123541&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Han, YB&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Fang, XS&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Shi, ZF&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Advances in chalcogenide perovskites: Fundamentals and applications&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Applied Physics Reviews&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;): 021338.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Chakraborty, A&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Lucarelli, G&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Xu, J&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Photovoltaics for indoor energy harvesting&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Nano Energy&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;128&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;109932&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Buratti, Y&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Javier, GMN&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Abdullah-Vetter, Z&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Machine learning for advanced characterisation of silicon photovoltaics: A comprehensive review of techniques and applications&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;202&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;114617&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Gupta, V&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Kumar, P&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Singh, R&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Unveiling the potential of bifacial photovoltaics in harvesting indoor light energy: A comprehensive review&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;276&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;112660&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Chen, KJ&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Johnston, SW&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Taylor, PC&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Crystalline Si surface passivation with nafion for bulk defects detection with electron paramagnetic resonance&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Acs Applied Materials and Interfaces&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;): &lt;span&gt;22736&lt;/span&gt;–&lt;span&gt;22746&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Chen, XT&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Kamat, PV&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Janáky, C&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Charge ","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 10","pages":"746-750"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemical and Electronic Structure of the i-ZnO/InxSy:Na Front Contact Interface in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Thin-Film Solar Cells Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2薄膜太阳能电池中 i-ZnO/InxSy:Na前接触界面的化学和电子结构
IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/pip.3840
Dirk Hauschild, Frank Meyer, Andreas Benkert, Thomas Dalibor, Monika Blum, Wanli Yang, Friedrich Reinert, Clemens Heske, Lothar Weinhardt

The chemical and electronic structure of the front contact i-ZnO/InxSy:Na interface for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2-based thin-film solar cells is investigated using a combination of x-ray and electron spectroscopies. Upon i-ZnO sputter deposition on the InxSy:Na buffer layer, we find an intermixed heterojunction and the formation of InOx and Na2SO4. The window layer is shown to consist of a mixture of Zn(OH)2 and ZnO, with decreasing relative Zn(OH)2 content for thicker window layers. Moreover, we observe diffusion of sodium to the surface of the window layer. We derive electronic surface band gaps of the i-ZnO and InxSy:Na layers of 3.86 ± 0.18 eV and 2.60 ± 0.18 eV, respectively, and find a largely flat conduction band alignment at the i-ZnO/InxSy:Na interface.

我们采用 X 射线和电子能谱相结合的方法,研究了基于 Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 的薄膜太阳能电池前接触 i-ZnO/InxSy:Na界面的化学和电子结构。在 InxSy:Na 缓冲层上溅射沉积 iZnO 后,我们发现了混合异质结,并形成了 InOx 和 Na2SO4。窗口层由 Zn(OH)2 和氧化锌的混合物组成,窗口层越厚,Zn(OH)2 的相对含量越低。此外,我们还观察到钠向窗口层表面的扩散。我们得出 i-ZnO和 InxSy:Na 层的电子表面带隙分别为 3.86 ± 0.18 eV 和 2.60 ± 0.18 eV,并发现 i-ZnO/InxSy:Na界面的导带排列基本平坦。
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引用次数: 0
Electrical Performance, Loss Analysis, and Efficiency Potential of Industrial-Type PERC, TOPCon, and SHJ Solar Cells: A Comparative Study 工业型 PERC、TOPCon 和 SHJ 太阳能电池的电气性能、损耗分析和效率潜力:比较研究
IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/pip.3839
Qinqin Wang, Kaiyuan Guo, SiWen Gu, Wei Huang, Hui Peng, Wangping Wu, Jianning Ding

Currently, the efficiency of p-type passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) cells has been growing at an absolute efficiency of 0.5% per year and has reached 23%–23.5% in mass production while getting closer to its theoretical efficiency limit. n-Type tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) and silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells with their superior “passivating selective contacts” technology were the most interesting photovoltaics (PV) technology in the industry. The effect of different passivated contact layers with respect to their influence on the J0, J0,metal, ρc, and the carrier selectivity (S10) and the loss analysis and efficiency potential of industrial-type PERC, TOPCon, and SHJ solar cells were studied and compared. The results showed that TOPCon structure with a high passivation performance and good optical performance is more suitable for bifacial solar cell and the highest theoretical limiting efficiency with metal shading on the n-type Si wafer (ηb,e,h,m,max) can be achieved to 27.62%. Although SHJ structure with the highest passivation performance but the worst optical performance owing to the parasitic absorption of a-Si:H layer and high contact resistivity, the value of ηb,e,h,m,max is 0.7% lower than that of TOPCon solar cells. PERC structure has superior optical performance than SHJ structure, but due to poor passivation performance, the ηb,e,h,m,max is only 26.42%. The next-generation products may be heterojunction back-contact (HBC) and TOPCon back-contact (TBC) cells with high ηb,e,h,m,max of 28.12% and 27.99%, respectively. Exploiting a perfect passivation of the noncontact area, the wide process window and low cost are required and transferring these new concepts to industrial solar cell production will be the next major challenge.

目前,p 型钝化发射极和后触点(PERC)电池的绝对效率每年以 0.5% 的速度增长,量产效率已达到 23%-23.5%,并越来越接近其理论效率极限。n 型隧道氧化物钝化触点(TOPCon)和硅异质结(SHJ)电池凭借其卓越的 "钝化选择性触点 "技术,成为业界最引人关注的光伏(PV)技术。本研究比较了不同钝化接触层对工业型 PERC、TOPCon 和 SHJ 太阳能电池的 J0、J0,metal、ρc 和载流子选择性(S10)的影响,以及损耗分析和效率潜力。结果表明,TOPCon 结构具有较高的钝化性能和良好的光学性能,更适用于双面太阳能电池,在 n 型硅晶片上具有金属遮蔽的最高理论极限效率(ηb,e,h,m,max)可达到 27.62%。虽然 SHJ 结构的钝化性能最高,但由于 a-Si:H 层的寄生吸收和高接触电阻率,其光学性能最差,ηb,e,h,m,max 值比 TOPCon 太阳能电池低 0.7%。PERC 结构的光学性能优于 SHJ 结构,但由于钝化性能差,ηb,e,h,m,max 值仅为 26.42%。下一代产品可能是异质结背接触(HBC)和 TOPCon 背接触(TBC)电池,它们的最大ηb,e,h,m,m 分别高达 28.12% 和 27.99%。利用非接触区域的完美钝化、宽工艺窗口和低成本是必需的,将这些新概念应用于工业太阳能电池生产将是下一个重大挑战。
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引用次数: 0
PVSails: Harnessing Innovation With Vertical Bifacial PV Modules in Floating Photovoltaic Systems 光伏帆:利用垂直双面光伏组件在浮动光伏系统中的创新应用
IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1002/pip.3841
Giuseppe Marco Tina, Amr Osama, Raniero Cazzaniga, Monica Cicu, Jon Hancock, Eamon Howlin, Marco Rosa-Clot, Paolo Rosa-Clot

In the context of offshore floating photovoltaic systems (FPVs), this paper explores the use of bifacial photovoltaic modules installed in the vertical position. The energy harvested from the rear face of vertically configured bifacial PV modules compensates for the reduced production at the front face of the module, and this demonstrates the potential of bifacial technology for offshore applications. By comparison, most existing horizontally tilted bifacial FPV systems gain only a small benefit in production from the rear face of the module due to the minimum radiation received, and what also must be taken into consideration is the negative effect of significant soiling owing to the low tilt angle of the PV modules. Hence, to overcome these drawbacks, we have developed the innovative “PVSail” concept, which explores the deployment of vertical FPV systems on floats, buoys, or poles/minipiles. Floating vertical bifacial PV systems (VBPVs) have huge potential to harness all the energy generation capabilities enhance by reflected light, especially from snow-covered surfaces in northern regions. Our analysis considers a patented mooring and vertical PV system that allows the VBPV structure to align with the prevailing wind direction to shed wind loads, and our numerical analysis explores the potential of VBPV applied to Catania in Italy and Nigg Bay in the United Kingdom. Our analysis study has revealed that across an azimuth angle range (0°–180°), vertical bifacial modules experience roughly a 9% decrease in energy yield at Catania and about a 5% energy yield gain in higher latitude regions like Nigg Bay. Additionally, increasing the latitude of the installation location of VBPV reduces the energy yield sensitivity to the orientation, that is, azimuth angle. The PVSail concept opens the door to novel deployment possibilities in offshore renewable energy projects.

在海上浮动光伏系统(FPV)方面,本文探讨了垂直安装双面光伏组件的使用。从垂直配置的双面光伏组件后端面采集的能量弥补了组件前端面减少的产量,这证明了双面技术在近海应用中的潜力。相比之下,现有的大多数水平倾斜双面 FPV 系统只能从组件后端面获得很小的收益,这是因为接收到的辐射量最小,而且还必须考虑到由于光伏组件倾斜角度小而产生的严重污垢的负面影响。因此,为了克服这些缺点,我们开发了创新的 "PVSail "概念,探索在浮筒、浮标或电线杆/桩上部署垂直 FPV 系统。浮动垂直双面光伏系统(VBPV)在利用反射光(尤其是北方地区积雪表面的反射光)提高发电能力方面潜力巨大。我们的分析考虑了一种获得专利的系泊和垂直光伏系统,该系统可使 VBPV 结构与盛行风向保持一致,从而减小风载荷,我们的数值分析探索了 VBPV 在意大利卡塔尼亚和英国尼格湾的应用潜力。我们的分析研究表明,在方位角范围(0°-180°)内,垂直双面组件在卡塔尼亚的发电量大约会减少 9%,而在尼格湾等纬度较高的地区,发电量则会增加 5%。此外,增加垂直双面光伏安装位置的纬度可降低能量产出对方位(即方位角)的敏感性。PVSail 概念为海上可再生能源项目的新型部署打开了大门。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of solution-processed cesium carbonate on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells 溶液加工碳酸铯对 Cu(In,Ga)Se2 薄膜太阳能电池的影响
IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/pip.3838
Ishwor Khatri, Alec P. LaGrow, Oleksandr Bondarchuk, Nicoleta Nicoara, Sascha Sadewasser

Heavy alkali-metal treatments have been the most recent breakthrough in improving the efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. Alkali halides are generally evaporated onto the surface of the CIGS thin film by a vacuum process. Here, we report an alternative, low-cost solution process for the surface treatment of CIGS thin films using cesium carbonate (CsCO3) as a new route to incorporate cesium (Cs) for improving solar cell performance. CIGS thin films were fabricated using pulsed hybrid reactive magnetron sputtering and the surface treatment was performed by spin-coating CsCO3 solution on the surface of CIGS at room temperature, followed by vacuum annealing at 400°C. The surface chemistry of the CIGS thin film changed after the treatment and the efficiency of respective solar cells improved by more than 30%, mostly driven by an enhancement in open-circuit voltage. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the depletion of copper and the presence of Cs on the surface of the CIGS thin film. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy showed the lowering of the valence band maximum by around 0.25 eV after the treatment, which plays a positive role in reducing interfacial recombination. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicates the presence of Cs and depletion of Cu at the grain boundaries of the CIGS thin film. These findings open a low-cost route for improving the performance of CIGS solar cells by surface modification using a solution process.

重金属碱处理是提高铜铟镓硒(CIGS)太阳能电池效率的最新突破。碱卤化物通常通过真空工艺蒸发到 CIGS 薄膜表面。在此,我们报告了使用碳酸铯(CsCO3)对 CIGS 薄膜进行表面处理的另一种低成本溶液工艺,这是一种掺入铯(Cs)以提高太阳能电池性能的新途径。CIGS 薄膜采用脉冲混合反应磁控溅射法制造,表面处理方法是在室温下将 CsCO3 溶液旋涂在 CIGS 表面,然后在 400°C 下真空退火。处理后,CIGS 薄膜的表面化学性质发生了变化,相应太阳能电池的效率提高了 30% 以上,主要原因是开路电压的提高。X 射线光电子能谱显示,CIGS 薄膜表面出现了铜的耗竭和铯的存在。紫外线光电子能谱显示,处理后价带最大值降低了约 0.25 eV,这对减少界面重组起到了积极作用。高分辨率透射电子显微镜显示,在 CIGS 薄膜的晶界处存在 Cs 和 Cu 贫化现象。这些发现为利用溶液工艺通过表面改性提高 CIGS 太阳能电池的性能开辟了一条低成本途径。
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引用次数: 0
Updated sustainability status of cadmium telluride thin-film photovoltaic systems and projections 碲化镉薄膜光伏系统的最新可持续发展状况和预测
IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.1002/pip.3837
Vasilis Fthenakis, Enrica Leccisi, Parikhit Sinha

This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the up-to-date life-cycle sustainability status of cadmium-telluride based photovoltaic (PV) systems. Current production modules (Series 6 and Series 7) are analyzed in terms of their energy performance and environmental footprint and compared with the older series 4 module production and current single-crystalline Silicon (sc-Si) module production. For fixed-tilt systems with Series 6 modules operating under average US irradiation of 1800 kWh/m2/year, the global warming potential (GWP) is reduced from 16 g CO2eq/kWh in Series 4 systems to 10 CO2eq/kWh in Series 6 systems. For operation in US-SW irradiation of 2300 kWh/m2/year, the GWP is reduced from 11 to 8 CO2eq/kWh and for 1-axis tracking systems operating in Phoenix, Arizona, with point-of array irradiation of 3051 kWh/m2/year the GWP is reduced to 6.5 CO2eq/kWh. Similar reductions have happened in all environmental indicators. Energy payback times (EPBT) of currently installed systems range from 0.6 years for fixed-tilt ground-mounted installations at average US irradiation at latitude tilt installations to 0.3 years for one-axis trackers at high US-SW irradiation, considering average fossil-fuel dominated electricity grids with fuel to electricity conversion efficiency of 0.3. The resulting energy return on energy investment (EROI) also depends on the conversion efficiency of the electricity grid and on the operation life expectance. For a 30-year operational life and grid conversion efficiency of 0.3, EROI ranges from 50 (at US average irradiation) to 70 for US-SW irradiation. The EROI declines with increased grid conversion efficiency; for CdTe PV operating in south California with grid conversion efficiency of 49%, the EROI is about 50 and is projected to fall to 30 when the state's 2030 target of 80% renewable energy penetration materializes. Material alternatives that show a potential of further reductions in degradation rates and materials for enhanced encapsulation that would enable longer operation lives have also been investigated. A degradation rate of 0.3%/year, which has been verified by accelerated testing, is assumed in 30-year scenarios; this is projected to be reduced to 0.2%/year in the near-term and potentially to 0.1%/year in the longer term. With such low degradation rates and enhanced edge-sealing, modules can last 40- to 50-years. Consequently, all impact indicators will be proportionally reduced while EROI will increase. This detailed LCA was conducted according to ISO standards and IEA PVPS Task 12 guidelines. The study revealed that the choices of system models, methods and temporal system boundaries can significantly impact the results and points out to the need to include assumptions regarding these choices in the “transparency in reporting” requirements listed in the IEA PVPS Task 12 Guidelines.

本文对基于碲化镉的光伏(PV)系统的最新生命周期可持续性状况进行了全面评估。本文分析了当前生产的组件(6 系列和 7 系列)的能源性能和环境足迹,并与较早的 4 系列组件生产和当前的单晶硅(sc-Si)组件生产进行了比较。使用 6 系列组件的固定倾角系统在美国平均辐照度 1800 千瓦时/平方米/年的条件下运行时,全球升温潜能值 (GWP) 从 4 系列系统的 16 克 CO2eq/kWh 降至 6 系列系统的 10 克 CO2eq/kWh。在美国西南部辐照度为 2300 千瓦时/平方米/年的地区运行时,全球升温潜能值从 11 克 CO2eq/kWh 降至 8 克 CO2eq/kWh;在亚利桑那州凤凰城运行的单轴跟踪系统,阵列点辐照度为 3051 千瓦时/平方米/年,全球升温潜能值降至 6.5 克 CO2eq/kWh。所有环境指标都有类似的降低。考虑到平均化石燃料主导的电网,燃料到电力的转换效率为 0.3,目前安装的系统的能源投资回收期(EPBT)从美国平均辐照度下的固定倾斜地面安装的 0.6 年到美国西南高辐照度下的单轴跟踪器的 0.3 年不等。由此产生的能源投资回报率(EROI)还取决于电网的转换效率和预期运行寿命。在运行寿命为 30 年、电网转换效率为 0.3 的情况下,EROI 介于 50(美国平均辐照度)到 70(美国-西南辐照度)之间。随着电网转换效率的提高,其 EROI 会下降;在南加州运行的碲化镉光伏发电的电网转换效率为 49%,其 EROI 约为 50,预计在该州 2030 年可再生能源渗透率达到 80% 的目标时,其 EROI 将降至 30。此外,还研究了可进一步降低降解率的材料替代品,以及可延长运行寿命的增强封装材料。在 30 年方案中,假设降解率为 0.3%/年(已通过加速测试验证);预计在短期内降解率将降至 0.2%/年,在长期内可能降至 0.1%/年。有了如此低的降解率和更强的边缘密封性,模块的使用寿命可达 40 至 50 年。因此,所有影响指标都将按比例降低,而 EROI 将增加。这项详细的生命周期评估是根据 ISO 标准和国际能源署 PVPS 任务 12 指南进行的。研究表明,系统模型、方法和时间系统边界的选择会对结果产生重大影响,并指出有必要将有关这些选择的假设纳入国际能源署 PVPS 第 12 项任务指南所列的 "报告透明度 "要求中。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative study of cadmium telluride solar cell performance on different TCO-coated substrates under concentrated light intensities 聚光强度下不同 TCO 涂层衬底上碲化镉太阳能电池性能的比较研究
IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1002/pip.3836
Rosemary Davis, Ochai Oklobia, Stuart J. C. Irvine, Dan Lamb

Concentrating photovoltaics is an attractive route for achieving high power output with thin film solar cells, using low-cost optics. In this work, the performance of CdTe:As thin film solar cells on two different transparent conducting oxide (TCO)-coated substrates is investigated and compared under varying concentrated light intensities (1–6.3 Suns). Samples tested had CdZnS/CdTe:As devices deposited atop of either a soda-lime glass with a fluorine-doped tin oxide TCO or an ultra-thin glass (UTG) with an aluminium zinc oxide TCO and ZnO high-resistive transparent (HRT) layer. Device current density was found to increase linearly with increased light intensities, for both sample configurations. Power conversion efficiencies of both device samples decreased with increased light intensity, due to a decrease in fill factor. The fill factor, for both sample configurations, was affected by reducing shunt resistance with increasing illumination intensity. The two device types performed differently at the high illumination intensities due to their series resistance. Light-soaking devices under 6.3 Suns illumination intensity for 90 min showed no significant performance degradation, indicative of relatively stable devices under the highest illumination intensity tested. Efficiency limiting factors are assessed, evaluated and discussed.

聚光光伏技术是利用低成本光学器件实现薄膜太阳能电池高功率输出的一条极具吸引力的途径。在这项研究中,我们研究并比较了两种不同的透明导电氧化物(TCO)涂层基底上的碲化镉:砷薄膜太阳能电池在不同聚光强度(1-6.3 Suns)下的性能。测试样品的 CdZnS/CdTe:As 器件沉积在带有掺氟氧化锡 TCO 的钠钙玻璃或带有氧化铝锌 TCO 和氧化锌高阻透明 (HRT) 层的超薄玻璃 (UTG) 上。研究发现,两种样品配置的器件电流密度均随光照强度的增加而线性增加。两种器件样品的功率转换效率都随着光照强度的增加而降低,这是由于填充因子降低所致。两种样品配置的填充因子都会随着光照强度的增加而降低分流电阻。由于串联电阻的不同,两种器件类型在高光照强度下的表现也不同。在 6.3 Suns 光照强度下浸泡装置 90 分钟后,性能没有明显下降,这表明在测试的最高光照强度下装置相对稳定。对限制效率的因素进行了评估、评价和讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring the device-level EQE of multi-junction photonic power converters 测量多结光子功率转换器的器件级 EQE
IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/pip.3833
Michael Schachtner, Meghan N. Beattie, S. Kasimir Reichmuth, Alexander Wekkeli, Gerald Siefer, Henning Helmers

Multi-junction photonic power converters (PPCs) are photovoltaic cells used in photonic power transmission systems that convert monochromatic light to electricity at enhanced output voltages. The junctions of a multi-junction PPC have overlapping spectral responsivity, which poses a unique challenge for spectrally resolved external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. In this work, we present a novel EQE measurement technique based on a wavelength-tunable laser system and characterize the differential multi-junction device-level EQE (dEQEMJ) as a function of the monochromatic irradiance over seven orders of magnitude. The irradiance-dependent measurements reveal three distinct irradiance regimes with different dEQEMJ. For the experimentally studied 2-junction GaAs-based device, at medium irradiance with photocurrent densities between 0.3 and 90 mA/cm2, dEQEMJ is independent of irradiance and follows the expected EQE of the current-limiting subcell across all wavelengths. At higher irradiance, nonlinear device response is observed and attributed to luminescent coupling between the subcells. At lower irradiances, namely, in the range of conventional EQE measurement systems, nonlinear effects appear, which mimic luminescent coupling behavior but are instead attributed to finite shunt resistance artifacts that artificially inflate dEQEMJ. The results demonstrate the importance of measuring the device-level dEQEMJ in the relevant irradiance regime. We propose that device-level measurements in the finite shunt artifact regime at low monochromatic irradiance should be avoided.

多结光子功率转换器(PPC)是光子输电系统中使用的光伏电池,它能以增强的输出电压将单色光转换为电能。多结光子功率转换器的结具有重叠的光谱响应性,这给光谱分辨外部量子效率(EQE)测量带来了独特的挑战。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于波长可调激光系统的新型 EQE 测量技术,并将差分多结器件级 EQE (dEQEMJ) 作为七个数量级的单色辐照度函数进行了表征。与辐照度相关的测量结果揭示了具有不同 dEQEMJ 的三个不同辐照度区。对于实验研究的基于砷化镓的双结器件,在光电流密度介于 0.3 至 90 mA/cm2 的中等辐照度条件下,dEQEMJ 与辐照度无关,并且在所有波长上都遵循限流子单元的预期 EQE。在较高的辐照度下,会出现非线性器件响应,这归因于子电池之间的发光耦合。在较低的辐照度下,即在传统 EQE 测量系统的范围内,会出现非线性效应,这种效应模仿了发光耦合行为,但却被归因于有限分流电阻伪影,人为夸大了 dEQEMJ。这些结果证明了在相关辐照度条件下测量器件级 dEQEMJ 的重要性。我们建议应避免在低单色辐照度条件下进行有限分流伪影的器件级测量。
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引用次数: 0
Photovoltaics Literature Survey (No. 192) 光伏文献调查(第 192 期)
IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1002/pip.3830
Ziv Hameiri
<p>Martinez-Szewczyk MW, DiGregorio SJ, Hildreth O, et al <b>Reactive silver inks: A path to solar cells with 82% less silver.</b> <i>Energy and Environmental Science</i> 2024; <b>17</b>(9): 3218–3227.</p><p>Jordan DC, Hayden SC, Haegel NM, et al <b>Nanoscale science for terawatt/gigaton scale performance of clean energy technologies.</b> <i>Joule</i> 2024; <b>8</b>(2): 272–279.</p><p>Lobo N, Matt GJ, Osvet A, et al <b>Mitigation of carrier trapping effects on carrier lifetime measurements with continuous-wave laser illumination for Pb-based metal halide perovskite materials.</b> <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i> 2024; <b>135</b>(7): 074905.</p><p>Chojniak D, Schachtner M, Reichmuth SK, et al <b>A precise method for the spectral adjustment of LED and multi-light source solar simulators.</b> <i>Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications</i> 2024; <b>32</b>(6): 372–389.</p><p>Goodfriend W, Pieters EB, Tsvetelina M, et al <b>Development and improvement of a transient temperature model of PV modules: Concept of trailing data.</b> <i>Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications</i> 2024; <b>32</b>(6): 399–405.</p><p>Lin H, Wang G, Su Q, et al <b>Unveiling the mechanism of attaining high fill factor in silicon solar cells.</b> <i>Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications</i> 2024; <b>32</b>(6): 359–371.</p><p>García G, Aparcedo A, Nayak GK, et al <b>Generalized deep learning model for photovoltaic module segmentation from satellite and aerial imagery.</b> <i>Solar Energy</i> 2024; <b>274</b>: 112539.</p><p>Huang Q, Wang Y, Hu X, et al <b>Effects of localized tensile stress on GaAs solar cells revealed by absolute electroluminescence imaging and distributed circuit modeling.</b> <i>Solar Energy</i> 2024; <b>274</b>: 112541.</p><p>Le TT, Yang ZS, Liang WS, et al <b>Gettering of iron by aluminum oxide thin films on silicon wafers: Kinetics and mechanisms.</b> <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i> 2024; <b>135</b>(6): 063102.</p><p>Zhou JK, Su XL, Zhang BK, et al <b>Ultrafast laser-annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon in tunnel oxide passivated contacts for high-efficiency n-type silicon solar cells.</b> <i>Materials Today Energy</i> 2024; <b>42</b>: 101559.</p><p>Yu HL, Liu W, Du HJ, et al <b>Low-temperature fabrication of boron-doped amorphous silicon passivating contact as a local selective emitter for high-efficiency n-type TOPCon solar cells.</b> <i>Nano Energy</i> 2024; <b>125</b>: 109556.</p><p>Qian C, Bai Y, Ye H, et al <b>Flexible silicon heterojunction solar cells and modules with structured front-surface light management.</b> <i>Solar Energy</i> 2024; <b>274</b>: 112585.</p><p>Bektaş G, Aslan S, Keçeci AE, et al <b>Influence of boron doping profile on emitter and metal contact recombination for n-PERT silicon solar cells.</b> <i>Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells</i> 2024; <b>272</b>: 112886.</p><p>Wang J, Phang SP, Truong TN, et al <b>Inkjet-printed boron-doped poly-Si/SiO</b><sub><b>x</b></sub> <b>passivatin
太阳能的社会效益潜力:在数据匮乏的环境中利用开放空间数据持续解决能源贫困问题的地图。Energy for Sustainable Development 2024; 80: 101453.Benalcazar P, Kalka M, Kamiński J. From consumer to prosumer:基于模型的并网住宅光伏电池系统成本效益分析。能源政策 2024;191:114167.Prol JL、Paul A. 有竞争力的光伏自消费的盈利前景。Energy Policy 2024; 188: 114084.Mueller L, Marcroft TP, von Beck C, et al "先到先得 "还是 "多多益善"?德国公民主导的太阳能倡议的组织动态和光伏装置的存在。Zhao XH, Cai X, Jiang CT, et al The determining mechanism of technology catch-up in China's photovoltaic (PV) industry:机器学习方法。清洁生产期刊 2024; 450: 142028.Shi M, Lu X, Craig MT.气候变化将影响住宅屋顶太阳能的价值和最佳采用率。自然气候变化》,2024 年;14(5):482.Chen W, Yang S, Lai JHK.中国屋顶光伏系统的碳补偿潜力。Solar Energy 2024; 274: 112557.Souza V, Figueiredo AMR, Espejo M. Challenges and strategies for managing end-of-life photovoltaic equipment in Brazil. Learning from international experience:从国际经验中学习。Energy Policy 2024; 188: 114091.Sah D, Kumar S. Experimental, Cost and waste analysis of recycling process for crystalline silicon solar module.太阳能 2024; 273:112534.Tierno M, Hernández Ruiz J, Taboada S, et al Validation of recycling processes for demetallisation and recrystallisation of silicon solar cells.太阳能 2024; 274: 112533.Wang J, Feng Y, He Y. Insights for China from EU management of recycling end-of-life photovoltaic modules.太阳能 2024; 273: 112532:112532.
{"title":"Photovoltaics Literature Survey (No. 192)","authors":"Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.3830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3830","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Martinez-Szewczyk MW, DiGregorio SJ, Hildreth O, et al &lt;b&gt;Reactive silver inks: A path to solar cells with 82% less silver.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Energy and Environmental Science&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;17&lt;/b&gt;(9): 3218–3227.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jordan DC, Hayden SC, Haegel NM, et al &lt;b&gt;Nanoscale science for terawatt/gigaton scale performance of clean energy technologies.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Joule&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;8&lt;/b&gt;(2): 272–279.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lobo N, Matt GJ, Osvet A, et al &lt;b&gt;Mitigation of carrier trapping effects on carrier lifetime measurements with continuous-wave laser illumination for Pb-based metal halide perovskite materials.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Physics&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;135&lt;/b&gt;(7): 074905.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chojniak D, Schachtner M, Reichmuth SK, et al &lt;b&gt;A precise method for the spectral adjustment of LED and multi-light source solar simulators.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;32&lt;/b&gt;(6): 372–389.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Goodfriend W, Pieters EB, Tsvetelina M, et al &lt;b&gt;Development and improvement of a transient temperature model of PV modules: Concept of trailing data.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;32&lt;/b&gt;(6): 399–405.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lin H, Wang G, Su Q, et al &lt;b&gt;Unveiling the mechanism of attaining high fill factor in silicon solar cells.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;32&lt;/b&gt;(6): 359–371.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;García G, Aparcedo A, Nayak GK, et al &lt;b&gt;Generalized deep learning model for photovoltaic module segmentation from satellite and aerial imagery.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;274&lt;/b&gt;: 112539.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Huang Q, Wang Y, Hu X, et al &lt;b&gt;Effects of localized tensile stress on GaAs solar cells revealed by absolute electroluminescence imaging and distributed circuit modeling.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;274&lt;/b&gt;: 112541.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Le TT, Yang ZS, Liang WS, et al &lt;b&gt;Gettering of iron by aluminum oxide thin films on silicon wafers: Kinetics and mechanisms.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Physics&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;135&lt;/b&gt;(6): 063102.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zhou JK, Su XL, Zhang BK, et al &lt;b&gt;Ultrafast laser-annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon in tunnel oxide passivated contacts for high-efficiency n-type silicon solar cells.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Materials Today Energy&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;42&lt;/b&gt;: 101559.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yu HL, Liu W, Du HJ, et al &lt;b&gt;Low-temperature fabrication of boron-doped amorphous silicon passivating contact as a local selective emitter for high-efficiency n-type TOPCon solar cells.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Nano Energy&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;125&lt;/b&gt;: 109556.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Qian C, Bai Y, Ye H, et al &lt;b&gt;Flexible silicon heterojunction solar cells and modules with structured front-surface light management.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;274&lt;/b&gt;: 112585.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bektaş G, Aslan S, Keçeci AE, et al &lt;b&gt;Influence of boron doping profile on emitter and metal contact recombination for n-PERT silicon solar cells.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;272&lt;/b&gt;: 112886.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wang J, Phang SP, Truong TN, et al &lt;b&gt;Inkjet-printed boron-doped poly-Si/SiO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;b&gt;x&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;b&gt;passivatin","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 8","pages":"579-583"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of agricultural atmospheric pollutants on the opto-electrical performance of CIGS solar cells 农业大气污染物对 CIGS 太阳能电池光电性能的影响
IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/pip.3834
Adèle Debono, Noor Fikree, Arthur Julien, Amelle Rebai, Nao Harada, Nathanaelle Schneider, Jean-François Guillemoles, Polina Volovitch

The reliability of CIGS solar systems in agricultural environments was investigated using an accelerated aging test. Both complete cells and representative stacks of selected layers and interfaces were exposed to humidity and temperature variations for 9 to 14 days with and without ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4, an aerosol pollutant representative of agricultural activities. The performance evolution of complete cells was evaluated by J-V curves and EQE measurements. After 9 days, the presence of (NH4)2SO4 led to a performance loss of 58%, significantly higher than the 37% loss observed without pollutants. Using computer calculations based on the two-diode model, it was possible to de-correlate some interactions between J-V parameters. The results of modeling suggested that the pollutant caused optical losses and conductivity loss of electrical contacts, presumably by corrosion. Sheet resistance and Hall effect measurements on the representative stacks of layers confirmed that the conductivity loss of ZnO:Al (AZO) after 14 days of aging strongly impacted the cell performance, this phenomenon being even more severe in the presence of (NH4)2SO4. The conductivity of Mo remained significantly less affected by aging both with and without pollutants. The NiAlNi contacts after aging with (NH4)2SO4 became so resistive that measurement was impossible. Corroborating modeling and experimental results, the drop in Jsc was attributed to the loss of the interference fringes in the AZO rather than to the loss of optical transmittance. Finally, aging without pollutants mostly impacted Voc and Rsh due to the formation of shunt paths.

通过加速老化试验研究了 CIGS 太阳能系统在农业环境中的可靠性。将完整的电池以及选定层和界面的代表性堆栈暴露在湿度和温度变化的环境中 9 至 14 天,同时测试硫酸铵 (NH4)2SO4(一种代表农业活动的气溶胶污染物)的存在与否。通过 J-V 曲线和 EQE 测量评估了完整电池的性能变化。9 天后,(NH4)2SO4 的存在导致 58% 的性能损失,明显高于无污染物情况下 37% 的性能损失。利用基于双二极管模型的计算机计算,可以去掉 J-V 参数之间的一些相互作用。建模结果表明,污染物可能通过腐蚀造成了光学损耗和电触点的导电性损耗。对具有代表性的层堆进行的片电阻和霍尔效应测量证实,ZnO:Al(AZO)在老化 14 天后的电导率损失严重影响了电池性能,这种现象在(NH4)2SO4 的存在下更为严重。钼的电导率受老化(含污染物和不含污染物)的影响明显较小。镍铝镍触点在使用 (NH4)2SO4 老化后电阻变大,无法进行测量。与建模和实验结果相吻合的是,Jsc 的下降归因于 AZO 中干涉条纹的消失,而不是光学透射率的下降。最后,由于形成了分流路径,无污染物老化主要影响了 Voc 和 Rsh。
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引用次数: 0
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Progress in Photovoltaics
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