OBJECTIVE To review the burden of oral disease by investigating the current situation of oral health status in selected countries within the regions of South, East and South-East Asia, with a view to determining which countries are performing better than others and why. METHODS The study is descriptive and observational in nature and the material is derived from existing databases. As this is a cross-sectional investigation, it offers evidence about relationships and influencing factors. If available, the longitudinal data is integrated. RESULTS Amongst the emerging countries, the Chinese enjoy a relatively favourable dental health status and amongst the high income countries, the South Koreans exhibit the best dental health status by comparison. In contrast to the above-mentioned perception, caries levels are relatively low and occur in the early stages in most of the emerging Asian countries investigated, even though, for the most part, caries and periodontitis remain untreated. The hypothesis that, when countries climb the socioeconomic development ladder, caries levels increase and worsen if left untreated, leading to edentulousness, cannot be confirmed for most of the developing Asian countries under investigation. Probable reasons for this surprising finding is discussed and found to be in line with current knowledge in cariology. Interestingly, the high income Asian countries under investigation perform better than many Western European countries. CONCLUSION Under the specific circumstances prevailing in the Asian countries under investigation, a preventive and tooth preserving dental strategy for the entire population should offer emerging countries great opportunities to maintain a relatively low level of caries. Utilising a strategy of this ilk, these countries could achieve improved dental health across the population with comparatively low resources.
{"title":"Comparison of Oral Health Status in Asia: Results for Eight Emerging and Five High Income Countries or Regions and Implications.","authors":"R. Saekel","doi":"10.3290/j.cjdr.a37144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a37144","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To review the burden of oral disease by investigating the current situation of oral health status in selected countries within the regions of South, East and South-East Asia, with a view to determining which countries are performing better than others and why. METHODS The study is descriptive and observational in nature and the material is derived from existing databases. As this is a cross-sectional investigation, it offers evidence about relationships and influencing factors. If available, the longitudinal data is integrated. RESULTS Amongst the emerging countries, the Chinese enjoy a relatively favourable dental health status and amongst the high income countries, the South Koreans exhibit the best dental health status by comparison. In contrast to the above-mentioned perception, caries levels are relatively low and occur in the early stages in most of the emerging Asian countries investigated, even though, for the most part, caries and periodontitis remain untreated. The hypothesis that, when countries climb the socioeconomic development ladder, caries levels increase and worsen if left untreated, leading to edentulousness, cannot be confirmed for most of the developing Asian countries under investigation. Probable reasons for this surprising finding is discussed and found to be in line with current knowledge in cariology. Interestingly, the high income Asian countries under investigation perform better than many Western European countries. CONCLUSION Under the specific circumstances prevailing in the Asian countries under investigation, a preventive and tooth preserving dental strategy for the entire population should offer emerging countries great opportunities to maintain a relatively low level of caries. Utilising a strategy of this ilk, these countries could achieve improved dental health across the population with comparatively low resources.","PeriodicalId":22405,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association","volume":"6 1","pages":"191-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74658981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE To analyse the stress distribution in monolithic- and bilayer-structured ceramic crowns by means of the finite element method (FEM), as a function of elastic modulus of the core ceramic, Ecor, and that of the cement used to lute the crown, Ecem, with a view to identifying an ideal stiffness for the cement. METHODS A two-dimensional axisymmetric FEM model was created to represent tooth structure with a cemented ceramic crown in place. The value of Ecor was set at 70, 100, 150 and 200 GPa representative of the range of commercially available materials. For the veneer, Even, it was set at 70 GPa, while that of the cement, Ecem, was varied from 0.2 to 200 GPa, in a 1-2-5 sequence. The tensile stress along the x-direction was calculated as an indication of the local sensitivity of the model to failure at a given load. RESULTS The stiffness of both the core ceramic and of the cement strongly affected the tensile stress distribution. With an increase in Ecor, the stress was increased for low Ecem. Also, the stress in the cement tended to increase with an increase in Ecem. However, the stress in the dentine varied little over the ranges studied here. For Ecor > Ecem, the stress in the core for low Ecem was higher than for high Ecem. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the modulus of elasticity for the cement used to lute the ceramic crown plays a critical role in improving the fracture resistance of ceramic restorations.
{"title":"Effect of Stiffness of Cement on Stress Distribution \u2028in Ceramic Crowns.","authors":"X. Dong, Hao Wang, B. Darvell, S. Lo","doi":"10.3290/j.cjdr.a37146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a37146","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To analyse the stress distribution in monolithic- and bilayer-structured ceramic crowns by means of the finite element method (FEM), as a function of elastic modulus of the core ceramic, Ecor, and that of the cement used to lute the crown, Ecem, with a view to identifying an ideal stiffness for the cement. METHODS A two-dimensional axisymmetric FEM model was created to represent tooth structure with a cemented ceramic crown in place. The value of Ecor was set at 70, 100, 150 and 200 GPa representative of the range of commercially available materials. For the veneer, Even, it was set at 70 GPa, while that of the cement, Ecem, was varied from 0.2 to 200 GPa, in a 1-2-5 sequence. The tensile stress along the x-direction was calculated as an indication of the local sensitivity of the model to failure at a given load. RESULTS The stiffness of both the core ceramic and of the cement strongly affected the tensile stress distribution. With an increase in Ecor, the stress was increased for low Ecem. Also, the stress in the cement tended to increase with an increase in Ecem. However, the stress in the dentine varied little over the ranges studied here. For Ecor > Ecem, the stress in the core for low Ecem was higher than for high Ecem. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the modulus of elasticity for the cement used to lute the ceramic crown plays a critical role in improving the fracture resistance of ceramic restorations.","PeriodicalId":22405,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association","volume":"2016 1","pages":"217-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86681521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Li Zhang, Chang Ning Wang, Z. Fan, Yang Jiao, X. Duan
OBJECTIVE To investigate the current state of genetics education at the Fourth Military Medical University (FMMU) and compare it with other dental schools of China. METHODS Detailed information about the history and current education status of Oral Genetics in the FMMU were collected and questionnaires were completed to acquire the feedback of twenty-seven students on the course. In the other thirty-five dental schools including the capitals of twenty-five provinces and four municipalities in China, information about the oral genetic course were collected by a telephone survey. The contents of survey included whether or not the Oral Genetic course is offered and some basic information about the curriculum (such as the content, hours, teachers' background and teaching methods). RESULTS Among a total of thirty-six dental schools investigated, six of them (16.7%) offered the Oral Genetic course or related lectures/seminars. The length and contents of the curriculum vary among these schools. The FMMU offered the oral genetic curriculum both to undergraduates and graduated students. Their teachers had a broad range of backgrounds, such as dentistry, biology, genetics, and biochemistry. The students considered the Oral Genetics course to be helpful for their future professional careers. CONCLUSION Genetic education in dentistry in China is still at a preliminary stage. More effort must be paid to spread the knowledge of Oral Genetics in China. In addition, domestic and international communications and networks for Oral Genetics should be set up in the near future.
{"title":"Education Status of Oral Genetics at the Fourth Military Medical University and other Chinese Dental Schools.","authors":"Yan Li Zhang, Chang Ning Wang, Z. Fan, Yang Jiao, X. Duan","doi":"10.3290/j.cjdr.a37147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a37147","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To investigate the current state of genetics education at the Fourth Military Medical University (FMMU) and compare it with other dental schools of China. METHODS Detailed information about the history and current education status of Oral Genetics in the FMMU were collected and questionnaires were completed to acquire the feedback of twenty-seven students on the course. In the other thirty-five dental schools including the capitals of twenty-five provinces and four municipalities in China, information about the oral genetic course were collected by a telephone survey. The contents of survey included whether or not the Oral Genetic course is offered and some basic information about the curriculum (such as the content, hours, teachers' background and teaching methods). RESULTS Among a total of thirty-six dental schools investigated, six of them (16.7%) offered the Oral Genetic course or related lectures/seminars. The length and contents of the curriculum vary among these schools. The FMMU offered the oral genetic curriculum both to undergraduates and graduated students. Their teachers had a broad range of backgrounds, such as dentistry, biology, genetics, and biochemistry. The students considered the Oral Genetics course to be helpful for their future professional careers. CONCLUSION Genetic education in dentistry in China is still at a preliminary stage. More effort must be paid to spread the knowledge of Oral Genetics in China. In addition, domestic and international communications and networks for Oral Genetics should be set up in the near future.","PeriodicalId":22405,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association","volume":"27 1","pages":"225-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78179797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reproducibility of four parameters for quantitatively assessing maxillary molar furcation involvement (FI) by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS Thirty-nine sites with degree II FI, classified by probing of 21 maxillary molars, were investigated. Degrees of FI in these sites were assessed based on CBCT data. In these samples, four parameters for quantitatively assessing FI in CBCT images were measured. The parameters included horizontal bone loss at furcation entrance level (HBL), maximum HBL (HBL-max), maximum vertical bone loss (VBL-max) and root trunk length (RT). The reproducibility of the measurements was evaluated. RESULTS Amongst the 39 degree II FI classified by probing, only 17.9% were confirmed by CBCT. The other 46.2% were 'through and through' defects, 15.4% were fused roots and 20.5% were degree I FI in the CBCT image. The intraobserver repeatability for all four parameters was high, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.960 for HBL, 0.992 for HBL-max, 0.987 for VBL-max and 0.983 for RT. The ICCs for two observers was also high (ICCs: 0.873 to 0.947). The parameters and related methods of measurements proposed in the study showed high reproducibility. CBCT images provided more details in assessing maxillary molar FI. CONCLUSION The parameters and related methods of measurements developed in this study showed high reproducibility. CBCT images provide more details in assessing maxillary molar FI.
{"title":"Assessing Maxillary Molar Furcation Involvement \u2028by Cone Beam Computed Tomography.","authors":"Jie Zhu, Ouyang Ying Xiang","doi":"10.3290/j.cjdr.a36679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a36679","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reproducibility of four parameters for quantitatively assessing maxillary molar furcation involvement (FI) by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS Thirty-nine sites with degree II FI, classified by probing of 21 maxillary molars, were investigated. Degrees of FI in these sites were assessed based on CBCT data. In these samples, four parameters for quantitatively assessing FI in CBCT images were measured. The parameters included horizontal bone loss at furcation entrance level (HBL), maximum HBL (HBL-max), maximum vertical bone loss (VBL-max) and root trunk length (RT). The reproducibility of the measurements was evaluated. RESULTS Amongst the 39 degree II FI classified by probing, only 17.9% were confirmed by CBCT. The other 46.2% were 'through and through' defects, 15.4% were fused roots and 20.5% were degree I FI in the CBCT image. The intraobserver repeatability for all four parameters was high, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.960 for HBL, 0.992 for HBL-max, 0.987 for VBL-max and 0.983 for RT. The ICCs for two observers was also high (ICCs: 0.873 to 0.947). The parameters and related methods of measurements proposed in the study showed high reproducibility. CBCT images provided more details in assessing maxillary molar FI. CONCLUSION The parameters and related methods of measurements developed in this study showed high reproducibility. CBCT images provide more details in assessing maxillary molar FI.","PeriodicalId":22405,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association","volume":"14 1","pages":"145-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74307718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present report describes myofunctional therapy using a ready-made training device, the T4A, in patients with permanent dentition and its effect on the prevention of relapse. The buccinator mechanism maintains the inner pressure of the tongue muscle equivalent to the outer pressure of the perioral soft tissues, such as the orbicular muscles, including the cephalopharyngeus and buccinator muscles. Training is performed so that patients learn to place their tongue and lips in the appropriate resting positions. The shape of the T4A and tongue guard supports the tongue from the bottom, allowing formation of the correct resting tongue position. However, the use of T4A for a long period of time may cause the teeth movement; therefore, caution is required. Use of the T4A is effective for the correction of oral habits, myofunctional therapy and for teaching the correct resting tongue position during the daytime and for the correction of oral habits, teaching correct resting tongue position during sleep.
{"title":"Simple Myofunctional Therapy Using Ready-made \u2028Mouthpiece Device before and after Orthodontic Treatment.","authors":"Aoi Fukumoto, T. Otsuka, T. Kawata","doi":"10.3290/j.cjdr.a36682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a36682","url":null,"abstract":"The present report describes myofunctional therapy using a ready-made training device, the T4A, in patients with permanent dentition and its effect on the prevention of relapse. The buccinator mechanism maintains the inner pressure of the tongue muscle equivalent to the outer pressure of the perioral soft tissues, such as the orbicular muscles, including the cephalopharyngeus and buccinator muscles. Training is performed so that patients learn to place their tongue and lips in the appropriate resting positions. The shape of the T4A and tongue guard supports the tongue from the bottom, allowing formation of the correct resting tongue position. However, the use of T4A for a long period of time may cause the teeth movement; therefore, caution is required. Use of the T4A is effective for the correction of oral habits, myofunctional therapy and for teaching the correct resting tongue position during the daytime and for the correction of oral habits, teaching correct resting tongue position during sleep.","PeriodicalId":22405,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association","volume":"69 1","pages":"165-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90609080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irfana S Babrawala, P. Munivenkatappa Lakshmaiah Venkatesh, Karthikeyan Bangalore Varadhan
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of 15% chitosan in gel form as a periodontal regenerative material in the periodontal intrabony defects. METHODS A pilot study split-mouth design of 10 patients within the age group of 30 to 55 years with bilateral intrabony defects ≥ 3mm and clinical attachment levels (CAL) ≥ 5mm were selected. The test site received open flap debridement with 15% Chitosan gel as a regenerative material and the controlateral side that acted as a control received only open flap debridement. Clinical and radiographic measurements were recorded at baseline, and 3, 6 and 9 months after the treatment. RESULTS Data revealed that there was a significant improvement in both clinical and radiographic parameters when intragroup comparison was performed. When intergroup comparison was done, there was a mean difference in CAL (5.8 ± 1.398 mm) and the depth of the intrabony defect (3.41 ± 1.17 mm) at 9 months when compared to baseline. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that a 15% concentration of chitosan gel is a promising aid and could be used as an effective material in periodontal regeneration.
{"title":"A Novel Approach Using 15% Natural Chitosan Gel \u2028in the Management of Intrabony Defects: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Irfana S Babrawala, P. Munivenkatappa Lakshmaiah Venkatesh, Karthikeyan Bangalore Varadhan","doi":"10.3290/j.cjdr.a37148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a37148","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of 15% chitosan in gel form as a periodontal regenerative material in the periodontal intrabony defects. METHODS A pilot study split-mouth design of 10 patients within the age group of 30 to 55 years with bilateral intrabony defects ≥ 3mm and clinical attachment levels (CAL) ≥ 5mm were selected. The test site received open flap debridement with 15% Chitosan gel as a regenerative material and the controlateral side that acted as a control received only open flap debridement. Clinical and radiographic measurements were recorded at baseline, and 3, 6 and 9 months after the treatment. RESULTS Data revealed that there was a significant improvement in both clinical and radiographic parameters when intragroup comparison was performed. When intergroup comparison was done, there was a mean difference in CAL (5.8 ± 1.398 mm) and the depth of the intrabony defect (3.41 ± 1.17 mm) at 9 months when compared to baseline. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that a 15% concentration of chitosan gel is a promising aid and could be used as an effective material in periodontal regeneration.","PeriodicalId":22405,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association","volume":"95 1","pages":"231-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77320715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE To review the current oral health status and oral health care models in China in an effort to provide recommendations for the future implementation of these models. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted. The Medline, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched for English and Chinese articles reporting relevant data from 1949 to the present. Data from three national oral health epidemiology surveys, Chinese government reports and national statistics yearbooks from 2011 to 2015 were also included. RESULTS The oral health status of preschool children were significantly improved over the past 10 years, while caries experience among 35 to 45-year-old and 65 to 74-year-old groups showed an increase in 2005. The status of poor oral hygiene was observed for both adolescent and elderly groups. The ratio of dentist-to-population in China was reported as 1:10,000 in 2009, which was much lower than that of developed countries. The workforce of the dental service is distributed unevenly and remains insufficient for such a highly populated country. Although the need for dental treatment was perceived as high, the true demand for dental service in China was relatively low and not seen as critical. This situation clearly did not reflect so well with true oral disease conditions. There are several basic social medical insurance systems available in China, which covered most of the population's need for medical attention, but seldom covered dental treatment. CONCLUSION National oral health policy in China should emphasise oral health promotion, especially in school education for children and young adults, to further strengthen daily toothbrushing, use of fluoride toothpaste and dental floss, and actively promote annual oral health examination. Oral health management should focus on cost-effective primary and secondary prevention with the long-term goal of maintaining oral health.
{"title":"Oral Health Status and Oral Health Care Model in China.","authors":"Jian Liu, Shanshan Zhang, S. Zheng, Tao Xu, Y. Si","doi":"10.3290/j.cjdr.a37145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a37145","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To review the current oral health status and oral health care models in China in an effort to provide recommendations for the future implementation of these models. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted. The Medline, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched for English and Chinese articles reporting relevant data from 1949 to the present. Data from three national oral health epidemiology surveys, Chinese government reports and national statistics yearbooks from 2011 to 2015 were also included. RESULTS The oral health status of preschool children were significantly improved over the past 10 years, while caries experience among 35 to 45-year-old and 65 to 74-year-old groups showed an increase in 2005. The status of poor oral hygiene was observed for both adolescent and elderly groups. The ratio of dentist-to-population in China was reported as 1:10,000 in 2009, which was much lower than that of developed countries. The workforce of the dental service is distributed unevenly and remains insufficient for such a highly populated country. Although the need for dental treatment was perceived as high, the true demand for dental service in China was relatively low and not seen as critical. This situation clearly did not reflect so well with true oral disease conditions. There are several basic social medical insurance systems available in China, which covered most of the population's need for medical attention, but seldom covered dental treatment. CONCLUSION National oral health policy in China should emphasise oral health promotion, especially in school education for children and young adults, to further strengthen daily toothbrushing, use of fluoride toothpaste and dental floss, and actively promote annual oral health examination. Oral health management should focus on cost-effective primary and secondary prevention with the long-term goal of maintaining oral health.","PeriodicalId":22405,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association","volume":"26 1","pages":"207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74375864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement as an effective, safe and inexpensive medicine for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS In this double-blind clinical trial, 50 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis were randomly divided into the omega-3 group and placebo group. Patients in the omega-3 group received 1000 mg omega-3 group capsules (Daroupakhsh Company, Tehran, Iran) for 6 months; while those in the placebo group received placebo capsules with the same instructions. The pain, size, duration and recurrence rate of ulcers were recorded in each follow-up phase. Follow-up was done weekly in the first month of drug prescriptions and then monthly in the next 5 months. The data were analysed with SPSS-20 through the Mann-Whitney test to compare the groups with respect to each variable and the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests to compare the groups over time. Values were significant at P < 0.05. RESULTS In the omega-3 group, pain was lessened from 4.96 to 3.04, irritation was reduced from 5.88 to 4.00 (P = 0.0627) and the size of ulcers was decreased from 2.30 to 1.48 mm (P = 0.062). No significant change was observed in the aforementioned variables in the placebo group. Moreover, the number of ulcers indicated a significant reduction in the fourth, fifth and sixth months in comparison with the placebo group (P = 0.00). CONCLUSION The recurrence of ulcers in the omega-3 group showed a significant decrease in the fifth and sixth months compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05). The current study indicated that omega-3 consumption decreased the symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
{"title":"Efficacy of Omega-3 in Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study.","authors":"T. Nosratzehi, A. Akar","doi":"10.3290/j.cjdr.a36681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a36681","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement as an effective, safe and inexpensive medicine for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS In this double-blind clinical trial, 50 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis were randomly divided into the omega-3 group and placebo group. Patients in the omega-3 group received 1000 mg omega-3 group capsules (Daroupakhsh Company, Tehran, Iran) for 6 months; while those in the placebo group received placebo capsules with the same instructions. The pain, size, duration and recurrence rate of ulcers were recorded in each follow-up phase. Follow-up was done weekly in the first month of drug prescriptions and then monthly in the next 5 months. The data were analysed with SPSS-20 through the Mann-Whitney test to compare the groups with respect to each variable and the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests to compare the groups over time. Values were significant at P < 0.05. RESULTS In the omega-3 group, pain was lessened from 4.96 to 3.04, irritation was reduced from 5.88 to 4.00 (P = 0.0627) and the size of ulcers was decreased from 2.30 to 1.48 mm (P = 0.062). No significant change was observed in the aforementioned variables in the placebo group. Moreover, the number of ulcers indicated a significant reduction in the fourth, fifth and sixth months in comparison with the placebo group (P = 0.00). CONCLUSION The recurrence of ulcers in the omega-3 group showed a significant decrease in the fifth and sixth months compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05). The current study indicated that omega-3 consumption decreased the symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.","PeriodicalId":22405,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association","volume":"19 3 1","pages":"159-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88511073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Jiang, Yin-yin Xie, Li Wei, Qi Zhou, Xing Shen, Yiming Gao, Xinquan Jiang
OBJECTIVE To investigate differentially expressed proteins in rat mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) chondrocytes caused by initial mastication for short postnatal periods. METHODS Four groups of protein samples were extracted from primary cultured rat MCC chondrocytes, harvested from eigthy postnatal SD rats aged 1,7,14 and 28 days, with twenty in each group. Total proteins were labelled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) reagents. Two-dimensional nano-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight/ time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry analysis with iTRAQ technique were performed. All data were analysed by MASCOT software with the SWISSPROT protein database. Furthermore, bioinformatics and statistical analysis were performed to classify their cellular components, biological processes, molecular functions and metabolic pathway by the PANTHER database. RESULTS In total, 137 differentially expressed proteins were identified during MCC growth and were assigned to one or more cellular components. According to the PANTHER analysis, a significant proportion of proteins are involved in the metabolic process, cellular process, biological regulation, developmental process and response to stimulus. The most extensive molecular function was 43% in catalytic activity. In addition, it was found that proteins in MCC chondrocytes change markedly on the growth stage of eruption of the teeth. CONCLUSION This study provides an integrated perspective of molecular mechanisms regulating early normal postnatal growth and development of rat MCC at the protein level.
{"title":"Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Rat Condylar Chondrocytes during Postnatal Development.","authors":"Li Jiang, Yin-yin Xie, Li Wei, Qi Zhou, Xing Shen, Yiming Gao, Xinquan Jiang","doi":"10.3290/j.cjdr.a36678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a36678","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To investigate differentially expressed proteins in rat mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) chondrocytes caused by initial mastication for short postnatal periods. METHODS Four groups of protein samples were extracted from primary cultured rat MCC chondrocytes, harvested from eigthy postnatal SD rats aged 1,7,14 and 28 days, with twenty in each group. Total proteins were labelled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) reagents. Two-dimensional nano-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight/ time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry analysis with iTRAQ technique were performed. All data were analysed by MASCOT software with the SWISSPROT protein database. Furthermore, bioinformatics and statistical analysis were performed to classify their cellular components, biological processes, molecular functions and metabolic pathway by the PANTHER database. RESULTS In total, 137 differentially expressed proteins were identified during MCC growth and were assigned to one or more cellular components. According to the PANTHER analysis, a significant proportion of proteins are involved in the metabolic process, cellular process, biological regulation, developmental process and response to stimulus. The most extensive molecular function was 43% in catalytic activity. In addition, it was found that proteins in MCC chondrocytes change markedly on the growth stage of eruption of the teeth. CONCLUSION This study provides an integrated perspective of molecular mechanisms regulating early normal postnatal growth and development of rat MCC at the protein level.","PeriodicalId":22405,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association","volume":"336 1","pages":"133-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78626248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE To analyse a possible predictive index for dental caries in 3 to 6 year old children in urban Beijing. METHODS Using random cluster sampling, 2,333 participants from six kindergartens, comprised of 35.7% 3-year-olds, 32.4% 4-year-olds and 31.9% 5-year-olds in urban Beijing were selected. At baseline, questionnaires were administered to about half of the parents. Children's oral health condition was examined at baseline and 6, 12 and 18 months later. In total there were 1,094 children who completed the 18-month evaluation. RESULTS The baseline caries prevalence was 56.4%, and the mean dmft (decayed, missing and filled primary teeth) and dmfs (decayed, missing and filled primary surfaces) were 2.66 and 5.60, respectively. There were 62.3% parents who were aware of oral health knowledge, and amongst which the accuracy rate for attitudes regarding oral healthcare was 82.1%. The caries incidence in children who completed the evaluation was 55.3%, and mean increases in dmft and dmfs were 1.62 and 3.93, respectively. Predictive factors related to caries incidence were "past caries experience" [odds ratio (OR) = 4.969, P < 0.001], "parents help children brush teeth daily" (OR = 0.851, P = 0.046), and "parents consider that primary caries need to be treated" (OR = 1.270, P = 0.031). The sensitivity and specificity of "past caries experience" were 69.4% and 73.2%, respectively, and the sensitivity of the three indices combined was 88.4%. CONCLUSION "Past caries experience" was an important predictor for primary caries incidence, and can be used in combination with "parents help children brush teeth daily" and "parents consider that primary caries need to be treated" as a predictive index.
{"title":"Analysis of Forecasting Indexes for Dental Caries \u2028in 3- to 6-year-old Children.","authors":"Siwen Wang, Hui Zhang, Y. Si, Tao Xu","doi":"10.3290/j.cjdr.a36680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.cjdr.a36680","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To analyse a possible predictive index for dental caries in 3 to 6 year old children in urban Beijing. METHODS Using random cluster sampling, 2,333 participants from six kindergartens, comprised of 35.7% 3-year-olds, 32.4% 4-year-olds and 31.9% 5-year-olds in urban Beijing were selected. At baseline, questionnaires were administered to about half of the parents. Children's oral health condition was examined at baseline and 6, 12 and 18 months later. In total there were 1,094 children who completed the 18-month evaluation. RESULTS The baseline caries prevalence was 56.4%, and the mean dmft (decayed, missing and filled primary teeth) and dmfs (decayed, missing and filled primary surfaces) were 2.66 and 5.60, respectively. There were 62.3% parents who were aware of oral health knowledge, and amongst which the accuracy rate for attitudes regarding oral healthcare was 82.1%. The caries incidence in children who completed the evaluation was 55.3%, and mean increases in dmft and dmfs were 1.62 and 3.93, respectively. Predictive factors related to caries incidence were \"past caries experience\" [odds ratio (OR) = 4.969, P < 0.001], \"parents help children brush teeth daily\" (OR = 0.851, P = 0.046), and \"parents consider that primary caries need to be treated\" (OR = 1.270, P = 0.031). The sensitivity and specificity of \"past caries experience\" were 69.4% and 73.2%, respectively, and the sensitivity of the three indices combined was 88.4%. CONCLUSION \"Past caries experience\" was an important predictor for primary caries incidence, and can be used in combination with \"parents help children brush teeth daily\" and \"parents consider that primary caries need to be treated\" as a predictive index.","PeriodicalId":22405,"journal":{"name":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association","volume":"7 1","pages":"153-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87386195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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