Pub Date : 2021-06-14DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.79840.3931
Silky Sethy, S. Mandal, E. Ewies, Neerupma Dhiman, A. Garg
A substituted benzimidazole and benzindazole derivatives had been synthesized having antihypertensive activity through antagonizing the angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors. The in vivo antihypertensive activity of the compounds was done with acute renal hypertension model. Two compounds TG 1 and TG 3 were found to have antihypertensive activity comparable to Telmisartan which is a prototype for Angiotensin II receptor antagonists class of drugs.In an antihypertensive study the compounds TG 1, TG 2 and TG 3 had systolic blood pressures of 147.2 mm/Hg, 168.2 mm/Hg, and 126.3 mm/Hg, respectively. This systolic blood pressure was lower than the disease control vehicle-treated rodents, which had a systolic blood pressure of 167.2 mm/Hg. The diastolic blood pressure was 119.7 mm/Hg, 124.7 mm/Hg and 88.83 mm/Hg, respectively and that of the disease control vehicle-treated rodents was 122.3 mm/Hg. TG 3 had comparable decrease in the MABP to Telmisartan. These encouraging results make compound TG 3 effective anti-hypertensive drug candidate and worthy of further investigation.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazole and Benzindazole Derivatives as Anti-hypertensive Agents","authors":"Silky Sethy, S. Mandal, E. Ewies, Neerupma Dhiman, A. Garg","doi":"10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.79840.3931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.79840.3931","url":null,"abstract":"A substituted benzimidazole and benzindazole derivatives had been synthesized having antihypertensive activity through antagonizing the angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors. The in vivo antihypertensive activity of the compounds was done with acute renal hypertension model. Two compounds TG 1 and TG 3 were found to have antihypertensive activity comparable to Telmisartan which is a prototype for Angiotensin II receptor antagonists class of drugs.In an antihypertensive study the compounds TG 1, TG 2 and TG 3 had systolic blood pressures of 147.2 mm/Hg, 168.2 mm/Hg, and 126.3 mm/Hg, respectively. This systolic blood pressure was lower than the disease control vehicle-treated rodents, which had a systolic blood pressure of 167.2 mm/Hg. The diastolic blood pressure was 119.7 mm/Hg, 124.7 mm/Hg and 88.83 mm/Hg, respectively and that of the disease control vehicle-treated rodents was 122.3 mm/Hg. TG 3 had comparable decrease in the MABP to Telmisartan. These encouraging results make compound TG 3 effective anti-hypertensive drug candidate and worthy of further investigation.","PeriodicalId":22429,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75251123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-13DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.72540.3602
Amira Abd Elkhalk, Mohamed Batiha
{"title":"A minireview on Applications of the metal-organic framework and carbon dots in dye photodegradation to protect the aquatic environment from organic pollutants","authors":"Amira Abd Elkhalk, Mohamed Batiha","doi":"10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.72540.3602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.72540.3602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22429,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86020819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-13DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.75677.3709
T. Hassanein, A. Mohammed, Wael Sabry Mohamed, R. Sobh, Magdy, Kandil Zahran
Owing to their unique properties, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have a broad range of exciting applications. However, the problem of nanoparticles aggregation remains challenging. So, biopolymers of polysaccharides can provide green and promising stabilizers as alternatives to the current toxic chemical stabilizers during ZnO NPs synthesis. The main idea in this investigation is to tune ZnO NPs with an appropriate texture, shape, and size for antibacterial application. So, this work compares the use of three different eco-friendly stabilizers namely starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose as alternatives capping agents in the fabrication of ZnO NPs at various times. The optimized ZnO NPs sample was obtained using starch as the optimum stabilizer at reaction conditions of 0.5 h, room temperature (25 °C), 1:2 )MZn:MNaOH) ratio and 1% (w/v) starch concentration. The optical, texture, and structural properties of prepared ZnO NPs were characterized by UV–Vis, DLS, zeta potential, FT-IR, and TEM techniques. ZnO NPs showed a mean zeta potential of −21.6 mV, explaining that they are moderately stable. The analysis by TEM confirmed that the NPs were spherical and have an average size of 23 nm. The antibacterial properties of ZnO NPs against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gramnegative (Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli) bacteria were evaluated based on the zone of inhibition (ZOI) values expressed in mm. The results showed promising performances for their antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria which indicated a strong antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs against B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, and E. cloacae with ZOI values of 17, 14 and 16 mm, respectively, and it showed moderate activity against E. coli (ZOI = 10 mm). The synthesis of biopolymer stabilized ZnO NPs by this approach could be eco-friendly and cost-effective and synthesized ZnO NPs can serve as promising antibacterial agents.
{"title":"Optimized Synthesis of Biopolymer-Based Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity","authors":"T. Hassanein, A. Mohammed, Wael Sabry Mohamed, R. Sobh, Magdy, Kandil Zahran","doi":"10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.75677.3709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.75677.3709","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to their unique properties, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have a broad range of exciting applications. However, the problem of nanoparticles aggregation remains challenging. So, biopolymers of polysaccharides can provide green and promising stabilizers as alternatives to the current toxic chemical stabilizers during ZnO NPs synthesis. The main idea in this investigation is to tune ZnO NPs with an appropriate texture, shape, and size for antibacterial application. So, this work compares the use of three different eco-friendly stabilizers namely starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose as alternatives capping agents in the fabrication of ZnO NPs at various times. The optimized ZnO NPs sample was obtained using starch as the optimum stabilizer at reaction conditions of 0.5 h, room temperature (25 °C), 1:2 )MZn:MNaOH) ratio and 1% (w/v) starch concentration. The optical, texture, and structural properties of prepared ZnO NPs were characterized by UV–Vis, DLS, zeta potential, FT-IR, and TEM techniques. ZnO NPs showed a mean zeta potential of −21.6 mV, explaining that they are moderately stable. The analysis by TEM confirmed that the NPs were spherical and have an average size of 23 nm. The antibacterial properties of ZnO NPs against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gramnegative (Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli) bacteria were evaluated based on the zone of inhibition (ZOI) values expressed in mm. The results showed promising performances for their antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria which indicated a strong antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs against B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, and E. cloacae with ZOI values of 17, 14 and 16 mm, respectively, and it showed moderate activity against E. coli (ZOI = 10 mm). The synthesis of biopolymer stabilized ZnO NPs by this approach could be eco-friendly and cost-effective and synthesized ZnO NPs can serve as promising antibacterial agents.","PeriodicalId":22429,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87980872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-13DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.73834.3661
L. Ibrahim, E. ElSayed
This study focuses on the production of mesoporous and microporous zeolites via fusion pre-treating fly ash with NaOH followed by hydrothermal treatment utilizing seawater. Three pretreatments for fly ash were carried out utilizing 1:1, 1.2:1, and 1.4:1 of NaOH:fly ash ratio to compare the removal efficiency for cadmium Cd(II), iron Fe(II), nickel Ni(II), and lead Pb(II) from artificially contaminated water. The impacts of several variables including concentrations, weights, pH, and contact times were examined to acquire knowledge on the adsorption rate. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunaauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were utilized to investigate zeolite structures. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms demonstrated that the synthetic zeolites were mesoporous and microporous materials with a higher specific area (347, 240, and 127 m2/g) than the values for raw fly ash (15m2/g). The X-ray diffraction outcome suggested that the synthetic products mainly belonged to phillipsite, carbonate cancrinite, and hydroxysodalite. These outcomes showed that fly ash and seawater from power plants are appropriate for synthesizing high-quality zeolites. For contaminated water treatment, the products are effective for removal Cd(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) at pH 7, contact time 45 min, and dose 1 g/L. Zeolites recycling outcomes showed that the removal efficiency of investigated metal ions by Z1, Z2, and Z3 was reduced by an average of 7%, 5%, and 3% after regeneration.
{"title":"Seawater Reinforces Synthesis of Mesoporous and Microporous Zeolites from Egyptian Fly Ash for Removal Ions of Cadmium, Iron, Nickel, and Lead from Artificially Contaminated Water","authors":"L. Ibrahim, E. ElSayed","doi":"10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.73834.3661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.73834.3661","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the production of mesoporous and microporous zeolites via fusion pre-treating fly ash with NaOH followed by hydrothermal treatment utilizing seawater. Three pretreatments for fly ash were carried out utilizing 1:1, 1.2:1, and 1.4:1 of NaOH:fly ash ratio to compare the removal efficiency for cadmium Cd(II), iron Fe(II), nickel Ni(II), and lead Pb(II) from artificially contaminated water. The impacts of several variables including concentrations, weights, pH, and contact times were examined to acquire knowledge on the adsorption rate. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunaauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were utilized to investigate zeolite structures. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms demonstrated that the synthetic zeolites were mesoporous and microporous materials with a higher specific area (347, 240, and 127 m2/g) than the values for raw fly ash (15m2/g). The X-ray diffraction outcome suggested that the synthetic products mainly belonged to phillipsite, carbonate cancrinite, and hydroxysodalite. These outcomes showed that fly ash and seawater from power plants are appropriate for synthesizing high-quality zeolites. For contaminated water treatment, the products are effective for removal Cd(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) at pH 7, contact time 45 min, and dose 1 g/L. Zeolites recycling outcomes showed that the removal efficiency of investigated metal ions by Z1, Z2, and Z3 was reduced by an average of 7%, 5%, and 3% after regeneration.","PeriodicalId":22429,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74981620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.78093.3818
M. Abdel-Moaty, Salwa M. El Shebini, Nihad H. Ahmed, H. Essa, S. Tapozada
{"title":"Metabolic syndrome and the risk of kidney diseases: the impact of life style modification","authors":"M. Abdel-Moaty, Salwa M. El Shebini, Nihad H. Ahmed, H. Essa, S. Tapozada","doi":"10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.78093.3818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.78093.3818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22429,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77038563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.71934.3581
A. Abdel-Aziz, N. Elwan, Mona Abdel-Motagaly, S. Nasr, M. Ghareeb
A new steroidal saponin, named as (25R)-6α-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy]-5α-spirostan3β-yl β-D-glucopyranosyl (1''→3')-O-β-D-glucopyranosid (2) was isolated from the flowers of Cestrum elegans. In addition, a known steroidal saponin (1), a flavonoid compound (3) along with a triterpene saponin (4) were isolated for the first time in genus Cestrum and identified based on their chromatographic properties, chemical and spectral data (HR-ESI-MS, H, C NMR, H-H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC). The four compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. The maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) on vero cell line was 1.56 μg/mL for all compounds. While, compound 1 and 3 showed antiviral activity of 34.3% and 25%, respectively.
从芦笋花中分离到一种新的甾体皂苷，命名为(25R)-6α-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy]-5α-spirostan3β-yl β-D-glucopyranosyl(1′→3′)- o - β-D-glucopyranosyl(2)。此外，还首次从该属植物中分离到一种甾体皂苷(1)、一种黄酮类化合物(3)和一种三萜皂苷(4)，并根据其色谱性质、化学和光谱数据(HR-ESI-MS、H、C NMR、H-H COSY、HSQC和HMBC)进行了鉴定。对这四种化合物的抗菌、抗真菌和抗病毒活性进行了评价。所有化合物对vero细胞株的最大无毒浓度(MNTC)为1.56 μg/mL。化合物1和3的抗病毒活性分别为34.3%和25%。
{"title":"Phytochemical investigation and differential effects of Cestrum elegans isolated compounds as antimicrobial and virucidal against hepatitis A virus","authors":"A. Abdel-Aziz, N. Elwan, Mona Abdel-Motagaly, S. Nasr, M. Ghareeb","doi":"10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.71934.3581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.71934.3581","url":null,"abstract":"A new steroidal saponin, named as (25R)-6α-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy]-5α-spirostan3β-yl β-D-glucopyranosyl (1''→3')-O-β-D-glucopyranosid (2) was isolated from the flowers of Cestrum elegans. In addition, a known steroidal saponin (1), a flavonoid compound (3) along with a triterpene saponin (4) were isolated for the first time in genus Cestrum and identified based on their chromatographic properties, chemical and spectral data (HR-ESI-MS, H, C NMR, H-H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC). The four compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. The maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) on vero cell line was 1.56 μg/mL for all compounds. While, compound 1 and 3 showed antiviral activity of 34.3% and 25%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":22429,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89725812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.73414.3627
B. Boulanouar, M. Bireche, Abdelaziz Gherib, Á. Gil-Izquierdo, R. Domínguez‐Perles, M. Ghareeb
Citrullus colocynthis is an herbaceous perennial wild species of the Cucurbitaceae family, used in traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In the present work, C. colocynthis seed oils have been assessed for their fatty acids profile and concentration by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while oil and protein extracts were investigated in respect to their amino acid compositions by using Ultra HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLCESI-QqQ-MS/MS) instrumentation. Results revealed that the predominant fatty acids in C. colocynthis seeds were linoleic (70.7 %), oleic (10.9 %), palmitic (8.3 %), and stearic (7.8 %) acids. On other hand, the analysis of the free amino acids content noticed the presence of threonine (0.32 μgmL), valine (0.26 μgmL), and tryptophan (0.19 μgmL). Besides, the C. colocynthis seeds oil contained the non-essential amino acids like serine (0.29 μgmL), ethanolamine (0.18 μgmL), glycine (0.25 μgmL) and aspartic acid (0.12 μgmL). In conclusion, the results obtained revealed the valuable nutritional value of C. colocynthis and derived co-products, suggesting its suitability to be used as a nutritional ingredient and to be considered in the development of dietary supplements.
{"title":"Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Composition of Citrullus Colocynthis Seeds Growing in Algeria","authors":"B. Boulanouar, M. Bireche, Abdelaziz Gherib, Á. Gil-Izquierdo, R. Domínguez‐Perles, M. Ghareeb","doi":"10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.73414.3627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.73414.3627","url":null,"abstract":"Citrullus colocynthis is an herbaceous perennial wild species of the Cucurbitaceae family, used in traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In the present work, C. colocynthis seed oils have been assessed for their fatty acids profile and concentration by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while oil and protein extracts were investigated in respect to their amino acid compositions by using Ultra HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLCESI-QqQ-MS/MS) instrumentation. Results revealed that the predominant fatty acids in C. colocynthis seeds were linoleic (70.7 %), oleic (10.9 %), palmitic (8.3 %), and stearic (7.8 %) acids. On other hand, the analysis of the free amino acids content noticed the presence of threonine (0.32 μgmL), valine (0.26 μgmL), and tryptophan (0.19 μgmL). Besides, the C. colocynthis seeds oil contained the non-essential amino acids like serine (0.29 μgmL), ethanolamine (0.18 μgmL), glycine (0.25 μgmL) and aspartic acid (0.12 μgmL). In conclusion, the results obtained revealed the valuable nutritional value of C. colocynthis and derived co-products, suggesting its suitability to be used as a nutritional ingredient and to be considered in the development of dietary supplements.","PeriodicalId":22429,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86129460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-06DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.76398.3738
Waleed Hosni Elsayed Mohamed, M. S. Ibrahim, R. Wahaab, Amany F. Hasballah
{"title":"Application of Water Safety Plans to Improve Desalination Water Supply at Matrouh Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Waleed Hosni Elsayed Mohamed, M. S. Ibrahim, R. Wahaab, Amany F. Hasballah","doi":"10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.76398.3738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.76398.3738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22429,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84238538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-06DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.75921.3717
M. Abdel-Fatah, S. Hawash, H. Shaarawy
In this investigation, a green, cost-effective clean electrochemical process for preparing a highly concentrated ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution has been proposed. Many operating conditions, affected the used anodic dissolution process for FeCl3 production, were studied. Generating ferrous hydroxide electrochemically then dissolving it by hydrochloric acid and oxidized with chlorine free mixed oxidant, were proceeded steps to reach the production of our target ferric chloride. It is a green, clean, and novel process because it is environmentally and industrial safer than the traditional production technology. The most important studied experimental variables were applied like applied current density, sodium chloride concentration, electrolyte pH, at the most controlling operating parameter which is optimum electrolysis time. Experimental results revealed that optimum current density was 300 mA/cm; using 30gm/L saline solution, electrodes gap distance 5 cm, and stirring rate 150 rpm at pH 6.5 for 270 minutes, respectively. At these optimal operating parameters, 40% FeCl3 concentration can be prepared to consume 202 watts/liter of high quality with low capital, & operating costs. The economic indicators show that the running cost of production of 40% ferric chloride solution using the proposed cleaner electrochemical production technology will be 241.66$/ton and the suggested price is 450$/ton with a net profit of 156$ with high cash flow using the proposed green technology. The proposed methodology for FeCl3 production reviews the importance of using cleaner production and sustainable development indicators.
{"title":"Cost-effective Clean Electrochemical Preparation of Ferric Chloride and its Applications","authors":"M. Abdel-Fatah, S. Hawash, H. Shaarawy","doi":"10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.75921.3717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.75921.3717","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, a green, cost-effective clean electrochemical process for preparing a highly concentrated ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution has been proposed. Many operating conditions, affected the used anodic dissolution process for FeCl3 production, were studied. Generating ferrous hydroxide electrochemically then dissolving it by hydrochloric acid and oxidized with chlorine free mixed oxidant, were proceeded steps to reach the production of our target ferric chloride. It is a green, clean, and novel process because it is environmentally and industrial safer than the traditional production technology. The most important studied experimental variables were applied like applied current density, sodium chloride concentration, electrolyte pH, at the most controlling operating parameter which is optimum electrolysis time. Experimental results revealed that optimum current density was 300 mA/cm; using 30gm/L saline solution, electrodes gap distance 5 cm, and stirring rate 150 rpm at pH 6.5 for 270 minutes, respectively. At these optimal operating parameters, 40% FeCl3 concentration can be prepared to consume 202 watts/liter of high quality with low capital, & operating costs. The economic indicators show that the running cost of production of 40% ferric chloride solution using the proposed cleaner electrochemical production technology will be 241.66$/ton and the suggested price is 450$/ton with a net profit of 156$ with high cash flow using the proposed green technology. The proposed methodology for FeCl3 production reviews the importance of using cleaner production and sustainable development indicators.","PeriodicalId":22429,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79158949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-06DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.68425.3494
A. Sayed
{"title":"Structural and some physical properties of Sodium Boro-phosphate Glass Containing Mill Scale.","authors":"A. Sayed","doi":"10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.68425.3494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.68425.3494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22429,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76789794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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