Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530056
D. Spirjakin, A. Baranov, S. Akbari
A passive methane sensor based on a catalytic sensor was developed and investigated. The sensor is activated when an NFC signal source (mobile phone) approaches it. In the case when the radio frequency field becomes strong enough, the NFC energy is accumulated in the supercapacitor. After the required voltage value is reached on the supercapacitor, power is supplied to the sensor control circuit and a single measurement is performed. The energy value, which is necessary to perform measurements is approximately 88.7 mJ. A mobile phone acts also as the sensor reader.
{"title":"Passive Methane Gas Sensor Node","authors":"D. Spirjakin, A. Baranov, S. Akbari","doi":"10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530056","url":null,"abstract":"A passive methane sensor based on a catalytic sensor was developed and investigated. The sensor is activated when an NFC signal source (mobile phone) approaches it. In the case when the radio frequency field becomes strong enough, the NFC energy is accumulated in the supercapacitor. After the required voltage value is reached on the supercapacitor, power is supplied to the sensor control circuit and a single measurement is performed. The energy value, which is necessary to perform measurements is approximately 88.7 mJ. A mobile phone acts also as the sensor reader.","PeriodicalId":224327,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125548830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530091
Giannis Badakis, Manos Koutsoubelias, S. Lalis
One of the challenges in drone-based systems is to support automated landing with a high precision that goes beyond the accuracy of standard off-the-shelf GPS. Various efforts have been made to support this, mainly using vision-based and infrared sensors. However, using a single sensor inevitably introduces a single point of failure. To address this problem, we combine a vision-based sensor that detects special visual markers with a sensor that tracks an infrared beacon. We also support a more cautious landing approach for the case where these sensors temporarily fail to detect their targets. We implement our solution in the context of a mature autopilot framework, through modular extensions that are transparent to the rest of the software stack. We evaluate these mechanisms by conducting field experiments using a custom drone, activating faults in the individual precision landing sensor subsystems in a controlled way through interactive commands that are sent to the drone at runtime. The results show that our solution achieves robust precision landing under different failure scenarios while maintaining the accuracy of fault-free sensor operation.
{"title":"Robust Precision Landing for Autonomous Drones Combining Vision-based and Infrared Sensors","authors":"Giannis Badakis, Manos Koutsoubelias, S. Lalis","doi":"10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530091","url":null,"abstract":"One of the challenges in drone-based systems is to support automated landing with a high precision that goes beyond the accuracy of standard off-the-shelf GPS. Various efforts have been made to support this, mainly using vision-based and infrared sensors. However, using a single sensor inevitably introduces a single point of failure. To address this problem, we combine a vision-based sensor that detects special visual markers with a sensor that tracks an infrared beacon. We also support a more cautious landing approach for the case where these sensors temporarily fail to detect their targets. We implement our solution in the context of a mature autopilot framework, through modular extensions that are transparent to the rest of the software stack. We evaluate these mechanisms by conducting field experiments using a custom drone, activating faults in the individual precision landing sensor subsystems in a controlled way through interactive commands that are sent to the drone at runtime. The results show that our solution achieves robust precision landing under different failure scenarios while maintaining the accuracy of fault-free sensor operation.","PeriodicalId":224327,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"1146 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133843436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530069
Silvia Krug, Sebastian Miethe, T. Hutschenreuther
Choosing the appropriate communication technology for outdoor applications has been a challenge over years and let to many different options. This makes it difficult for designers and users to chose the best option for their setup as each option has unique pros and cons. In this paper, we evaluate and compare Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) regarding their applicability for a smart viticulture scenario. We study how the node density and system energy consumption varies for various configurations and are thus able to highlight challenges in deployments as well as tradeoffs between the technologies.
{"title":"Comparing BLE and NB-IoT as Communication Options for Smart Viticulture IoT Applications","authors":"Silvia Krug, Sebastian Miethe, T. Hutschenreuther","doi":"10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530069","url":null,"abstract":"Choosing the appropriate communication technology for outdoor applications has been a challenge over years and let to many different options. This makes it difficult for designers and users to chose the best option for their setup as each option has unique pros and cons. In this paper, we evaluate and compare Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) regarding their applicability for a smart viticulture scenario. We study how the node density and system energy consumption varies for various configurations and are thus able to highlight challenges in deployments as well as tradeoffs between the technologies.","PeriodicalId":224327,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114308525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530176
F. Rittweger, Christian Modrzynski, P. Schiepel, K. Riemschneider
In this paper, we discuss some major obstacles and solutions towards an industrialization of optical fiber sensors for cell state monitoring of lithium-ion batteries. We present measurement results based on transmitted light intensities through the optical fiber as indicator for the state of charge. Cells are built with commercial electrodes in a pouch cell setup. To compensate for cross influences and stabilize the measuring signal against manufacturing tolerances, a referencing method is introduced. Thus, ratios of transmitted light intensities at different wavelengths are evaluated to avoid the use of absolute values. The obtained transmission ratios are in good agreement with the state of charge for various C-rates. Finally, possibilities towards an industrial implementation with inexpensive LEDs and phototransistors are discussed.
{"title":"Self-Compensation of Cross Influences using Spectral Transmission Ratios for Optical Fiber Sensors in Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"F. Rittweger, Christian Modrzynski, P. Schiepel, K. Riemschneider","doi":"10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530176","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss some major obstacles and solutions towards an industrialization of optical fiber sensors for cell state monitoring of lithium-ion batteries. We present measurement results based on transmitted light intensities through the optical fiber as indicator for the state of charge. Cells are built with commercial electrodes in a pouch cell setup. To compensate for cross influences and stabilize the measuring signal against manufacturing tolerances, a referencing method is introduced. Thus, ratios of transmitted light intensities at different wavelengths are evaluated to avoid the use of absolute values. The obtained transmission ratios are in good agreement with the state of charge for various C-rates. Finally, possibilities towards an industrial implementation with inexpensive LEDs and phototransistors are discussed.","PeriodicalId":224327,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114635631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530189
Sanduni P. Karunasena, Darshana C. Ariyarathna, R. Ranaweera, J. Wijayakulasooriya, Kwangtaek Kim, T. Dassanayake
Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI) systems can be used to improve the quality of life of disabled individuals. Electroencephalography (EEG) Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) based BCI systems provide a non-invasive, inexpensive method of communication and control with minimal user training. Among many applications of BCI systems, robot control is widely used to restore motor functions of individuals with severe neuromuscular disabilities. In this paper, a low-cost, single-channel, SSVEP based BCI system is implemented to control the motion of the wrist and the gripper of a robot arm. The SSVEP user commands are generated by focusing the user's gaze on a set of light-emitting diodes (LED) flickering at different frequencies. For the identification of user intent to generate control commands, a classification algorithm is proposed, which is based on Euclidean distance measurement between prominent peaks of the SSVEP Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrum, and the fundamental and harmonic spectral content of stimulus frequency.
{"title":"Single-Channel EEG SSVEP-based BCI for Robot Arm Control","authors":"Sanduni P. Karunasena, Darshana C. Ariyarathna, R. Ranaweera, J. Wijayakulasooriya, Kwangtaek Kim, T. Dassanayake","doi":"10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530189","url":null,"abstract":"Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI) systems can be used to improve the quality of life of disabled individuals. Electroencephalography (EEG) Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) based BCI systems provide a non-invasive, inexpensive method of communication and control with minimal user training. Among many applications of BCI systems, robot control is widely used to restore motor functions of individuals with severe neuromuscular disabilities. In this paper, a low-cost, single-channel, SSVEP based BCI system is implemented to control the motion of the wrist and the gripper of a robot arm. The SSVEP user commands are generated by focusing the user's gaze on a set of light-emitting diodes (LED) flickering at different frequencies. For the identification of user intent to generate control commands, a classification algorithm is proposed, which is based on Euclidean distance measurement between prominent peaks of the SSVEP Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrum, and the fundamental and harmonic spectral content of stimulus frequency.","PeriodicalId":224327,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129823225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530073
J. Kang, J. Schmalzel
The IEEE1451 Standards describe a series of standards that define interfaces for sensors and actuators to communicate with data acquisition and control devices. Furthermore, the standards are required to enable interconnected smart transducers at lowered costs and advanced technology due to the spread of IoT devices. The transducer electronic data sheet (TEDS) model for sensors and actuators has been adapted to the geophysical assessment process for overcoming various engineering challenges to construct, modify, and maintain infrastructure in many regions. This paper describes transmitter and receiver coil TEDS to deliver extensions of the IEEE standards for contributing an improved element model to predict geophysical conditions in soils as well as electrical and mechanical responses of soils.
{"title":"Extension of the IEEE 1451 Standards to Geophysical Assessment","authors":"J. Kang, J. Schmalzel","doi":"10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530073","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE1451 Standards describe a series of standards that define interfaces for sensors and actuators to communicate with data acquisition and control devices. Furthermore, the standards are required to enable interconnected smart transducers at lowered costs and advanced technology due to the spread of IoT devices. The transducer electronic data sheet (TEDS) model for sensors and actuators has been adapted to the geophysical assessment process for overcoming various engineering challenges to construct, modify, and maintain infrastructure in many regions. This paper describes transmitter and receiver coil TEDS to deliver extensions of the IEEE standards for contributing an improved element model to predict geophysical conditions in soils as well as electrical and mechanical responses of soils.","PeriodicalId":224327,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132098842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530015
Gernot Fiala, Johannes Loinig, C. Steger
Computer vision and machine learning algorithms are often used for quality control for industrial products. Nowadays, neural networks can perform very well to detect the desired objects. Sometimes, the system has limited resources and is not capable of processing complex algorithms or use neural networks. Here, simpler algorithms are used for shape or object detection. The scope of the present work is to even lower the complexity of the shape matching algorithm by converting a shape detection algorithm to an integer version and evaluate the results. This allows to remove floating-point units (FPU) of processors and reduce the area of a System-on-Chip (SoC) design of a smart image sensor.
{"title":"Evaluation of an Integer Optimized Shape Matching Algorithm","authors":"Gernot Fiala, Johannes Loinig, C. Steger","doi":"10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530015","url":null,"abstract":"Computer vision and machine learning algorithms are often used for quality control for industrial products. Nowadays, neural networks can perform very well to detect the desired objects. Sometimes, the system has limited resources and is not capable of processing complex algorithms or use neural networks. Here, simpler algorithms are used for shape or object detection. The scope of the present work is to even lower the complexity of the shape matching algorithm by converting a shape detection algorithm to an integer version and evaluate the results. This allows to remove floating-point units (FPU) of processors and reduce the area of a System-on-Chip (SoC) design of a smart image sensor.","PeriodicalId":224327,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125111136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530105
Tran Anh Khoa, Nguyen Minh Trong, Le Mai Bao Nhu, Cao Hoang Phuc, Vandung Nguyen, DueNgoc Minh Dang
This paper develops an optimal agricultural irrigation system based on a wireless sensor network (WSN) for use in smart agriculture. The aim is to design and develop a control system that makes use of button sensors in a crop field with data management carried out via a web application. The three components of the system are the hardware, a capacitive soil moisture sensor, and a web application. The first component is designed and implemented as a connected control hardware box to collect crop data. The second component is a soil moisture sensor used for field monitoring, connected to the control box. Its novel feature is the moisture sensor probe designed to connect directly to the ESP8266-12F microcontroller instead of using the TLC555 IC as a traditional sensor. The final ingredient is used primarily to control crop watering via a web application, which offers the user automatic or manual control. The automatic control function uses data from the soil moisture sensor to generate a watering schedule. Comparing the two sensors' soil moisture levels reveals approximately equal accuracy even during structural analysis and real experiments. The system proposed in this work is developed in the context of promoting digital innovation in agriculture.
{"title":"Design of a Soil Moisture Sensor for Application in a Smart Watering System","authors":"Tran Anh Khoa, Nguyen Minh Trong, Le Mai Bao Nhu, Cao Hoang Phuc, Vandung Nguyen, DueNgoc Minh Dang","doi":"10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530105","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops an optimal agricultural irrigation system based on a wireless sensor network (WSN) for use in smart agriculture. The aim is to design and develop a control system that makes use of button sensors in a crop field with data management carried out via a web application. The three components of the system are the hardware, a capacitive soil moisture sensor, and a web application. The first component is designed and implemented as a connected control hardware box to collect crop data. The second component is a soil moisture sensor used for field monitoring, connected to the control box. Its novel feature is the moisture sensor probe designed to connect directly to the ESP8266-12F microcontroller instead of using the TLC555 IC as a traditional sensor. The final ingredient is used primarily to control crop watering via a web application, which offers the user automatic or manual control. The automatic control function uses data from the soil moisture sensor to generate a watering schedule. Comparing the two sensors' soil moisture levels reveals approximately equal accuracy even during structural analysis and real experiments. The system proposed in this work is developed in the context of promoting digital innovation in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":224327,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125958929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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