Pub Date : 2015-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8883
R. Šlinkšienė, T. Zagorskis
In this work, different sources of nitrogen and potassium for 8–0–30+S fertilizers’ granulation were used. Fertilizers were granulated using a drum granulator and a fluid bed granulator. All used waste materials were found to be suitable for the production of compound fertilizers. The best properties of the compound fertilizers (marketable fraction part – from 63.0 % to 85.0 % and static strength of granules – from 34.60 N/gran. to 43.18 N/gran.) were obtained when the content of irrigation water in the raw material mixture was 7–9 % (15–20 ml/200 g of the mixture) and the recycle was 10–20 %. It was found that the properties of the fertilizer depend on the irrigation water content and the particle size of the raw material. The origin of raw materials had a negligible influence. The 8–0–30+S compound fertilizer properties were worse when using a fluid bed granulator than a dryer drum granulator. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8883
{"title":"COMPOUND FERTILIZERS’ GRANULATION USING DIFFERENT MATERIALS AND DIFFERENT WAYS","authors":"R. Šlinkšienė, T. Zagorskis","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8883","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, different sources of nitrogen and potassium for 8–0–30+S fertilizers’ granulation were used. Fertilizers were granulated using a drum granulator and a fluid bed granulator. All used waste materials were found to be suitable for the production of compound fertilizers. The best properties of the compound fertilizers (marketable fraction part – from 63.0 % to 85.0 % and static strength of granules – from 34.60 N/gran. to 43.18 N/gran.) were obtained when the content of irrigation water in the raw material mixture was 7–9 % (15–20 ml/200 g of the mixture) and the recycle was 10–20 %. It was found that the properties of the fertilizer depend on the irrigation water content and the particle size of the raw material. The origin of raw materials had a negligible influence. The 8–0–30+S compound fertilizer properties were worse when using a fluid bed granulator than a dryer drum granulator. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8883","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90405675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8715
Ž. Žirgulevičiūtė, R. Vaickelionienė, I. Jonuškienė, K. Anusevičius, V. Mickevičius
A novel series of 1,4-disubstituted pyrrolidinone derivatives with nitroso, azo, hydrazone, azole, triazine moieties has been prepared from 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid and its hydrazide, prepared by the known methods. The reaction of 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid with sodium nitrite at room temperature afforded a nitroso group-containing compound 1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrosophenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid. The interaction of this acid with phenyldiazonium chlorides at 0 °C gave red-color compounds – azo dyes. Hydrazone-type derivatives with an azomethine fragment in the molecule were prepared by condensation of hydrazide with aromatics and carboaldehydes. Heterocyclic compounds – pyrazole, pyrrole and triazine derivatives – were synthesized by the condensation of hydrazides with the diketones 2,4-pentanedione, 2,5-hexanedione and 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanedione, respectively. The reactions were carried out in 2-propanol and catalyzed by hydrochloric acid to form 3,5-pyrazole derivative, and by acetic acid to obtain a compound with a 2,5-pyrrole fragment. For the formation of 1,2,4-triazine moiety, the reaction of acid hydrazide was performed in refluxing acetic acid with the addition of a large excess (10 equiv) of ammonium acetate. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by data of 1 H, 13 C NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Moreover, in this work, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized derivatives was tested. The results of this investigation have revealed that 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- N ¢ -[(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)methylidene]-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbo-hydrazide exhibits the highest antibacterial activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8715
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF 1-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-5-OXOPYRROLIDINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY","authors":"Ž. Žirgulevičiūtė, R. Vaickelionienė, I. Jonuškienė, K. Anusevičius, V. Mickevičius","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8715","url":null,"abstract":"A novel series of 1,4-disubstituted pyrrolidinone derivatives with nitroso, azo, hydrazone, azole, triazine moieties has been prepared from 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid and its hydrazide, prepared by the known methods. The reaction of 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid with sodium nitrite at room temperature afforded a nitroso group-containing compound 1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrosophenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid. The interaction of this acid with phenyldiazonium chlorides at 0 °C gave red-color compounds – azo dyes. Hydrazone-type derivatives with an azomethine fragment in the molecule were prepared by condensation of hydrazide with aromatics and carboaldehydes. Heterocyclic compounds – pyrazole, pyrrole and triazine derivatives – were synthesized by the condensation of hydrazides with the diketones 2,4-pentanedione, 2,5-hexanedione and 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanedione, respectively. The reactions were carried out in 2-propanol and catalyzed by hydrochloric acid to form 3,5-pyrazole derivative, and by acetic acid to obtain a compound with a 2,5-pyrrole fragment. For the formation of 1,2,4-triazine moiety, the reaction of acid hydrazide was performed in refluxing acetic acid with the addition of a large excess (10 equiv) of ammonium acetate. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by data of 1 H, 13 C NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Moreover, in this work, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized derivatives was tested. The results of this investigation have revealed that 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- N ¢ -[(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)methylidene]-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbo-hydrazide exhibits the highest antibacterial activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8715","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74389213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8717
R. Laurinaviciute, I. Jonuškienė
Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae)) is an important crop which accumulates vitamins A, D, E, and K. In addition to the nutritional components (proteins and carbohydrates) which are important in the use of alfalfa and other plants as animal feed or food supplements, the plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites. Alfalfa contains numerous secondary metabolites, but they are not yet fully characterized. The best studied secondary metabolite groups in alfalfa are carotenoids and saponins. Another important group of secondary metabolites in alfalfa are phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds in plants include flavonoids. Flavonoids are usually found in plants as glycosides, i. e. provided with sugar substituents such as galactose, rhamnose or glucose, or glycoside malonates, and they are found in an almost bewildering diversity of forms. Biotechnological research has revealed additional benefits for the production of pharmaceuticals from alfalfa. The aim of the present research was to identify and select alfalfa ( Medicago L.) and callus cultures in vitro varieties which accumulate the highest amount of bioactive compounds. The main objects: - to prepare nutrient media and to germinate alfalfa in vitro ; - to form alfalfa callus cultures in vitro ; - to determine proteins, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll a and b , carotenoids in alfalfa seedlings and callus cultures in vitro ; - to determine the content of flavonoids, total phenolic compounds in alfalfa seedlings and callus cultures in vitro ; - to determine the antioxidant activity of alfalfa seedlings and callus cultures in vitro . The highest content of chlorophyll a was found in alfalfa Zydrune plants grown in a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium – 76.7 ± 0.06 mg/100 g. The highest amounts of bioactive compounds were noted in alfalfa grown in an MS medium in vitro : protein in the cultivar Antane (32 ± 0.07 %), ascorbic acid in the cultivar Birutė (70.4 ± 0.01 mg/100 g), flavonoids in the cultivar Malvina (1.5 ± 0.01 mg/g); and phenolic compounds in the cultivar Antane (0.07 ± 0.01 mg/100 mg). The highest antioxidant activity against the stable DPPH radical (22.3 ± 0.01 %) was found in the cultivar Zydrune , and in callus culture from roots (26.36 ± 0.03 %) in the cultivar Malvina plants grown in the MS with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (2 mg/l) and kinetin (0.25 mg/l) medium. It was detemined that the highest content of bioactive compounds were accumulated in alfalfa in vitro in the cultivars Antane and Zydrune and in callus cultures from roots in Malvina . Also, afalfa seedlings in vitro contained more bioactive compounds in comparison with callus cultures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8717
{"title":"QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN ALFALFA (MEDICAGO L.) AND THEIR CALLUS CULTURES IN VITRO","authors":"R. Laurinaviciute, I. Jonuškienė","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8717","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae)) is an important crop which accumulates vitamins A, D, E, and K. In addition to the nutritional components (proteins and carbohydrates) which are important in the use of alfalfa and other plants as animal feed or food supplements, the plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites. Alfalfa contains numerous secondary metabolites, but they are not yet fully characterized. The best studied secondary metabolite groups in alfalfa are carotenoids and saponins. Another important group of secondary metabolites in alfalfa are phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds in plants include flavonoids. Flavonoids are usually found in plants as glycosides, i. e. provided with sugar substituents such as galactose, rhamnose or glucose, or glycoside malonates, and they are found in an almost bewildering diversity of forms. Biotechnological research has revealed additional benefits for the production of pharmaceuticals from alfalfa. The aim of the present research was to identify and select alfalfa ( Medicago L.) and callus cultures in vitro varieties which accumulate the highest amount of bioactive compounds. The main objects: - to prepare nutrient media and to germinate alfalfa in vitro ; - to form alfalfa callus cultures in vitro ; - to determine proteins, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll a and b , carotenoids in alfalfa seedlings and callus cultures in vitro ; - to determine the content of flavonoids, total phenolic compounds in alfalfa seedlings and callus cultures in vitro ; - to determine the antioxidant activity of alfalfa seedlings and callus cultures in vitro . The highest content of chlorophyll a was found in alfalfa Zydrune plants grown in a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium – 76.7 ± 0.06 mg/100 g. The highest amounts of bioactive compounds were noted in alfalfa grown in an MS medium in vitro : protein in the cultivar Antane (32 ± 0.07 %), ascorbic acid in the cultivar Birutė (70.4 ± 0.01 mg/100 g), flavonoids in the cultivar Malvina (1.5 ± 0.01 mg/g); and phenolic compounds in the cultivar Antane (0.07 ± 0.01 mg/100 mg). The highest antioxidant activity against the stable DPPH radical (22.3 ± 0.01 %) was found in the cultivar Zydrune , and in callus culture from roots (26.36 ± 0.03 %) in the cultivar Malvina plants grown in the MS with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (2 mg/l) and kinetin (0.25 mg/l) medium. It was detemined that the highest content of bioactive compounds were accumulated in alfalfa in vitro in the cultivars Antane and Zydrune and in callus cultures from roots in Malvina . Also, afalfa seedlings in vitro contained more bioactive compounds in comparison with callus cultures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8717","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"109 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81643358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8716
J. Šiugždaitė, A. Gabinaitienė, R. Šiugžda
The aim of this study was to make a survey of the presence of Mycoplasma dispar on a cattle breeding farm and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. The aim of this study was to make a survey of the presence of Mycoplasma dispar on a cattle breeding farm and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. The study was carried out at a farm in Lithuania. Nasal swabs for bacteriological investigation were collected from ninety dairy, beef and mixed type of cattle from 90 to 300 days of age. Mycoplasma cultivation procedures were carried out using Friis selective media. To confirm the presence of Mollicutes class the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used. Isolates were identified according to biochemical and antigenic characteristics. The minimum inhibitory concentration of twenty field isolates of Mycoplasma dispar to tulathromycin, tylosin, lincomycin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and oxytetracycline was determined by using a micro-broth dilution method. Mycoplasma dispar was detected in the nasal cavity of 15 out of 84 clinically healthy animals (17.9 %), and in 5 out of 6 animals with respiratory disorders (83.3 %). The isolates were most susceptible to tulathromycin, lincomycin, enrofloxacin and florfenicol. Three (15 %) isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline. The susceptibility to oxytetracycline significantly differed between Mycoplasma dispar isolates compared to the susceptibility of tulathromycin ( P < 0.001), lincomycin ( P < 0.001) tylosin ( P < 0.001), enrofloxacin ( P < 0.001), and florfenicol ( P < 0.001). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8716
{"title":"MYCOPLASMA DISPAR PREVALENCE IN THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT OF CATTLE AND THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ISOLATES","authors":"J. Šiugždaitė, A. Gabinaitienė, R. Šiugžda","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8716","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to make a survey of the presence of Mycoplasma dispar on a cattle breeding farm and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. The aim of this study was to make a survey of the presence of Mycoplasma dispar on a cattle breeding farm and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. The study was carried out at a farm in Lithuania. Nasal swabs for bacteriological investigation were collected from ninety dairy, beef and mixed type of cattle from 90 to 300 days of age. Mycoplasma cultivation procedures were carried out using Friis selective media. To confirm the presence of Mollicutes class the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used. Isolates were identified according to biochemical and antigenic characteristics. The minimum inhibitory concentration of twenty field isolates of Mycoplasma dispar to tulathromycin, tylosin, lincomycin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and oxytetracycline was determined by using a micro-broth dilution method. Mycoplasma dispar was detected in the nasal cavity of 15 out of 84 clinically healthy animals (17.9 %), and in 5 out of 6 animals with respiratory disorders (83.3 %). The isolates were most susceptible to tulathromycin, lincomycin, enrofloxacin and florfenicol. Three (15 %) isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline. The susceptibility to oxytetracycline significantly differed between Mycoplasma dispar isolates compared to the susceptibility of tulathromycin ( P < 0.001), lincomycin ( P < 0.001) tylosin ( P < 0.001), enrofloxacin ( P < 0.001), and florfenicol ( P < 0.001). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8716","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"87 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73917556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-06DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8714
J. Pileckaitė, V. Valančienė, A. Minikauskas, G. Denafas
This study focuses on estimating the possibility to use chromium electroplating wastewater sludge (GPN) as an additive to ceramic products. The influence of electroplating sludge addition on the properties of clay body from easily fusible clay was investigated. It was determined that clay sintering with a 5 % GPN sludge additive fired at 900–1025 °C was similar to that of the Girininkai clay. The total shrinkage of this ceramic body, depending on a sample firing temperature and time, is by 1.49–8.72 % less than that of clay body without additives. Water absorption is higher by 0.28–6.63 % than that of the Girininkai clay ceramic body. With increasing the additive concentration, the sintering of clay is getting worse. After firing at 1050 °C for 1 h, a ceramic body with the 10 % GP addition absorbs by 16.30 % more water than the Girininkai clay body does. Chromium ion concentration in the leachate from a ceramic body with 5 % the sludge additive fired at 1000−1050 °C for 4 h is less than the concentration limit to the natural environment. According to the results of clay body sintering and the chromium concentration in the leachate from this ceramic body, galvanic electroplating sludge could be used as an additive to building ceramic manufacturing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8714
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER SLUDGE ADDITIVE ON THE PROPERTIES OF CLAY BODY","authors":"J. Pileckaitė, V. Valančienė, A. Minikauskas, G. Denafas","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.65.1.8714","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on estimating the possibility to use chromium electroplating wastewater sludge (GPN) as an additive to ceramic products. The influence of electroplating sludge addition on the properties of clay body from easily fusible clay was investigated. It was determined that clay sintering with a 5 % GPN sludge additive fired at 900–1025 °C was similar to that of the Girininkai clay. The total shrinkage of this ceramic body, depending on a sample firing temperature and time, is by 1.49–8.72 % less than that of clay body without additives. Water absorption is higher by 0.28–6.63 % than that of the Girininkai clay ceramic body. With increasing the additive concentration, the sintering of clay is getting worse. After firing at 1050 °C for 1 h, a ceramic body with the 10 % GP addition absorbs by 16.30 % more water than the Girininkai clay body does. Chromium ion concentration in the leachate from a ceramic body with 5 % the sludge additive fired at 1000−1050 °C for 4 h is less than the concentration limit to the natural environment. According to the results of clay body sintering and the chromium concentration in the leachate from this ceramic body, galvanic electroplating sludge could be used as an additive to building ceramic manufacturing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.65.1.8714","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90552766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6022
E. Kovaitė, I. Ramanauskaitė, I. Jonuškienė, K. Anusevičius, V. Mickevičius
Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L . ) is one of the world’s most important sources of vegetable oil and protein meal used for food and for industrial purposes. Primary and secondary metabolites stored in rapeseed depend on many factors: growth regulators, temperature, water stress, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, sulfur) and their amount, soil acidity, evolution change, and plant diseases. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is one of the most important natural auxins. 3-[2-Oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2 H )-yl]propanoic acid is know as a synthetic auxin. The sodium salt of this compound, stilite-14, has been studied for 10 years while growing sugar beets in Lithuania. Natural and synthetic auxins are known to promote rapeseed root growth. New indole-3-acetic acid and 3-[2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2 H )-yl]propanoic acid derivatives containing b,g-amino acid or 3-carboxy-5-oxopyrrolidine fragments from the corresponding hydrazides were synthesized. It was determined that 2-({2-[2-(1 H -indol-3-yl)acetyl]hydrazino}methyl)succinic acid (8.3 μM/l) increased the length of rapeseed roots in the MS medium by 1.6 times in comparison with rapeseed, which were grown in MS medium without growth regulators, whereas IAA decreased their length. Also, 2-({2-[2-(1 H -indol-3-yl)acetyl]hydrazino}methyl)succinic acid (8.3 mM/l) increased rapeseed biomass by 2 times in comparison with control sample. It was determined that 5-oxo-1-({3-[2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2 H )-yl]propanoyl}amino)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (6 mM/l) increased the length of rapeseed roots in the MS medium by 1.2 times in comparison with control sample, but the sodium salt of 3-(3-benzoxazolonyl)propanoic acid decreased their length at all concentrations. Also, 5-oxo-1-({3-[2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2 H )-yl]propanoyl}amino)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (1.5 mM/l) increased rapeseed biomass, but the sodium salt of 3-(3-benzoxazolonyl)propanoic acid (1.5 mM/l) decreased the biomass by 39.1 % in comparison with the control sample. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6022
油菜(Brassica napus L .)是世界上用于食品和工业用途的植物油和蛋白粉最重要的来源之一。油菜籽初级和次级代谢物的储存取决于多种因素:生长调节剂、温度、水分胁迫、营养物质(氮、磷、钾、钙、硼、硫)及其数量、土壤酸度、演变变化和植物病害。吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)是一种重要的天然生长素。3-[2-氧-1,3-苯并恶唑-3(2 H)-基]丙酸是一种合成生长素。这种化合物的钠盐，斯蒂尔石-14，在立陶宛种植甜菜时已经研究了10年。已知天然和合成的生长素可以促进油菜籽的根系生长。合成了新的吲哚-3-乙酸和3-[2-氧-1,3-苯并恶唑-3(2 H)-基]丙酸衍生物，其中含有相应的酰肼的b,g氨基酸或3-羧基-5-氧吡咯烷片段。结果表明，2-({2-[2-(1 H -吲哚-3-酰基)乙酰基]肼基甲基)琥珀酸(8.3 μM/l)能使MS培养基中的油菜根长增加1.6倍，而IAA能使MS培养基中的油菜根长减少。2-({2-[2-(1h -吲哚-3-酰基)乙酰基]肼基甲基)琥珀酸(8.3 mM/l)使油菜籽生物量比对照提高了2倍。结果表明，5-氧-1-({3-[2-氧-1,3-苯并恶唑-3(2 H)-基]丙基氨基)-3-吡啶羧酸(6 mM/l)在MS培养基中使菜籽根的长度增加了1.2倍，而3-(3-苯并恶唑基)丙酸钠盐在任何浓度下都使菜籽根的长度减少。5-氧-1-({3-[2-氧-1,3-苯并恶唑-3(2 H)基]丙基)氨基)-3-吡咯烷羧酸(1.5 mM/l)增加了油菜籽生物量，但3-(3-苯并恶唑基)丙酸钠盐(1.5 mM/l)使油菜籽生物量比对照样品减少了39.1%。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6022
{"title":"SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF NEW AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES WITH INDOLE AND BENZOXAZOLINONE MOIETIES ON THE RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) GROWTH IN VITRO","authors":"E. Kovaitė, I. Ramanauskaitė, I. Jonuškienė, K. Anusevičius, V. Mickevičius","doi":"10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6022","url":null,"abstract":"Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L . ) is one of the world’s most important sources of vegetable oil and protein meal used for food and for industrial purposes. Primary and secondary metabolites stored in rapeseed depend on many factors: growth regulators, temperature, water stress, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, sulfur) and their amount, soil acidity, evolution change, and plant diseases. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is one of the most important natural auxins. 3-[2-Oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2 H )-yl]propanoic acid is know as a synthetic auxin. The sodium salt of this compound, stilite-14, has been studied for 10 years while growing sugar beets in Lithuania. Natural and synthetic auxins are known to promote rapeseed root growth. New indole-3-acetic acid and 3-[2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2 H )-yl]propanoic acid derivatives containing b,g-amino acid or 3-carboxy-5-oxopyrrolidine fragments from the corresponding hydrazides were synthesized. It was determined that 2-({2-[2-(1 H -indol-3-yl)acetyl]hydrazino}methyl)succinic acid (8.3 μM/l) increased the length of rapeseed roots in the MS medium by 1.6 times in comparison with rapeseed, which were grown in MS medium without growth regulators, whereas IAA decreased their length. Also, 2-({2-[2-(1 H -indol-3-yl)acetyl]hydrazino}methyl)succinic acid (8.3 mM/l) increased rapeseed biomass by 2 times in comparison with control sample. It was determined that 5-oxo-1-({3-[2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2 H )-yl]propanoyl}amino)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (6 mM/l) increased the length of rapeseed roots in the MS medium by 1.2 times in comparison with control sample, but the sodium salt of 3-(3-benzoxazolonyl)propanoic acid decreased their length at all concentrations. Also, 5-oxo-1-({3-[2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2 H )-yl]propanoyl}amino)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (1.5 mM/l) increased rapeseed biomass, but the sodium salt of 3-(3-benzoxazolonyl)propanoic acid (1.5 mM/l) decreased the biomass by 39.1 % in comparison with the control sample. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6022","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"125 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77526915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-05DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.64.2.6020
E. Urbonavičiūtė, R. Vaickelionienė, V. Mickevičius
A novel series of 1,3-disubstituted pyrrolidinone derivatives with hydrazone, azole, triazine, and semi- and thiosemicarbazide moieties has been prepared from 1-(2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbohydrazide. 1-(2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-methylcarboxylate was synthesized by esterification of the respective carboxylic acid with an excess (10 times) of methanol under reflux in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulphuric acid. Ester hydrazinolysis at a temperature of 40 °C afforded a corresponding hydrazide. The condensation of hydrazide with aromatic aldehydes gave hydrazone-type derivatives with an azomethine fragment in the molecule. 1-aryl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbohydrazide reacted easily with acetone or ethyl-methylketone under reflux; the corresponding 4-alkylidene-hydrazides were formed. Cyclic compounds – pyrazole, pyrrole, and triazine derivatives – were synthesized by the condensation of hydrazides with diketones 2,4-pentanedione, 2,5-hexanedione and 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanedione, respectively. 2,5-Di-substituted oxadiazole was obtained from the intermediate compound – potassium dithiocarbazate, which was prepared from hydrazide, carbon disulphide, potassium hydroxide in 2-propanol under reflux. Semi- and thiosemicarbazides were synthesized by heating hydrazide with phenylisocyanate or phenylisothiocyanate in methanol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6020
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 1-(2-METHOXY-5-NITROPHENYL)-5-OXOPYRROLIDINE DERIVATIVES","authors":"E. Urbonavičiūtė, R. Vaickelionienė, V. Mickevičius","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.64.2.6020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.64.2.6020","url":null,"abstract":"A novel series of 1,3-disubstituted pyrrolidinone derivatives with hydrazone, azole, triazine, and semi- and thiosemicarbazide moieties has been prepared from 1-(2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbohydrazide. 1-(2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-methylcarboxylate was synthesized by esterification of the respective carboxylic acid with an excess (10 times) of methanol under reflux in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulphuric acid. Ester hydrazinolysis at a temperature of 40 °C afforded a corresponding hydrazide. The condensation of hydrazide with aromatic aldehydes gave hydrazone-type derivatives with an azomethine fragment in the molecule. 1-aryl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbohydrazide reacted easily with acetone or ethyl-methylketone under reflux; the corresponding 4-alkylidene-hydrazides were formed. Cyclic compounds – pyrazole, pyrrole, and triazine derivatives – were synthesized by the condensation of hydrazides with diketones 2,4-pentanedione, 2,5-hexanedione and 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanedione, respectively. 2,5-Di-substituted oxadiazole was obtained from the intermediate compound – potassium dithiocarbazate, which was prepared from hydrazide, carbon disulphide, potassium hydroxide in 2-propanol under reflux. Semi- and thiosemicarbazides were synthesized by heating hydrazide with phenylisocyanate or phenylisothiocyanate in methanol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6020","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79040593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-05DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.64.2.6023
V. Sasnauskas, Š. Liuiza, D. Vaičiukynienė, A. Kantautas
Effects of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite (Na, K, Ca) 2-3 Al 3 (Al, Si) 2 Si 13 O 36 ·12H 2 O on the mechanical properties and strength of Portland cement paste, mortar, and concrete samples were investigated. Incorporation of 0; 5; 7 and 10 % (by weight) of the clinoptilolite in Portland cement paste (W/C = 0.38), mortar specimens using the water-solid ratio (W/C = 0.44) and concrete mixture specimens (W/C = 0.57) were cured at room temperature for 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The mechanical properties were determined by measuring the bending and compressive strength of the hardened specimens of mixtures. The hydration products of Portland cement mixture specimens were analysed by using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the natural zeolite clinoptilolite with a differential thermal analysis DTA and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In the examined conditions after 28 days of hydration hardened cement paste samples with 10 % of the natural zeolite replacement had the highest compressive strength. It can be assumed that the natural zeolite ( clinoptilolite) pozzolanic properties are not immediate , but its apparent after 28 days of hydration . The bending and compressive strength of mortar samples does not depend on the zeolite replacement content. By using the natural zeolite ( clinoptilolite) the economic effect can be achieved because in concretes up to 5 % of clinoptilolite can be replaced the cement without changing mechanical properties of concrete products . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6023
研究了天然沸石斜沸石(Na, K, Ca) 2-3 Al 3 (Al, Si) 2 Si 13 O 36·12h2o对硅酸盐水泥浆体、砂浆和混凝土试样力学性能和强度的影响。合并0;5;在波特兰水泥浆(W/C = 0.38)、水固比砂浆试件(W/C = 0.44)和混凝土混合料试件(W/C = 0.57)中加入7、10%(重量比)的斜发沸石，室温固化3、7、14、28天。通过测量硬化试样的弯曲强度和抗压强度来确定其力学性能。采用x射线衍射仪(XRD)对硅酸盐水泥混合料试样的水化产物进行了分析，对天然沸石斜沸石进行了差热分析(DTA)和热重分析(TGA)。在试验条件下，水化硬化后28天的水泥浆体中掺入10%的天然沸石，其抗压强度最高。可以认为，天然沸石(斜沸石)的火山灰性质不是立竿见影的，而是在水化28天后才显现出来。砂浆试样的抗弯抗压强度与沸石替代含量无关。利用天然沸石(斜沸石)，在混凝土中高达5%的斜沸石可以代替水泥而不改变混凝土制品的力学性能，从而达到经济效益。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6023
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF CLINOPTILOLITE ON THE HYDRATION AND HARDENING OF PORTLAND CEMENT","authors":"V. Sasnauskas, Š. Liuiza, D. Vaičiukynienė, A. Kantautas","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.64.2.6023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.64.2.6023","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite (Na, K, Ca) 2-3 Al 3 (Al, Si) 2 Si 13 O 36 ·12H 2 O on the mechanical properties and strength of Portland cement paste, mortar, and concrete samples were investigated. Incorporation of 0; 5; 7 and 10 % (by weight) of the clinoptilolite in Portland cement paste (W/C = 0.38), mortar specimens using the water-solid ratio (W/C = 0.44) and concrete mixture specimens (W/C = 0.57) were cured at room temperature for 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The mechanical properties were determined by measuring the bending and compressive strength of the hardened specimens of mixtures. The hydration products of Portland cement mixture specimens were analysed by using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the natural zeolite clinoptilolite with a differential thermal analysis DTA and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In the examined conditions after 28 days of hydration hardened cement paste samples with 10 % of the natural zeolite replacement had the highest compressive strength. It can be assumed that the natural zeolite ( clinoptilolite) pozzolanic properties are not immediate , but its apparent after 28 days of hydration . The bending and compressive strength of mortar samples does not depend on the zeolite replacement content. By using the natural zeolite ( clinoptilolite) the economic effect can be achieved because in concretes up to 5 % of clinoptilolite can be replaced the cement without changing mechanical properties of concrete products . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6023","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86484706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6024
S. V. Vlasjan, N. D. Voloshin, A. Shestozub
Experimental researches of the dissolution of c alcium carbonate obtained as a result of phosphogypsum conversion by ammonium or sodium carbonate and nitric acid with obtaining a concentrate of rare-earth elements and other liquid products have been performed. The structure of phosphochalk and the outlet half-product is presented. The substantiation of recycling expediency of phosphogypsum waste – phosphoric acid and phosphoric fertilizers has been carried out. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6024
{"title":"PRODUCING CALCIUM NITRATE AND RARE-EARTH ELEMENT CONCENTRATES BY PHOSPHOGYPSUM CONVERSION","authors":"S. V. Vlasjan, N. D. Voloshin, A. Shestozub","doi":"10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6024","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental researches of the dissolution of c alcium carbonate obtained as a result of phosphogypsum conversion by ammonium or sodium carbonate and nitric acid with obtaining a concentrate of rare-earth elements and other liquid products have been performed. The structure of phosphochalk and the outlet half-product is presented. The substantiation of recycling expediency of phosphogypsum waste – phosphoric acid and phosphoric fertilizers has been carried out. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6024","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81098307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-05DOI: 10.5755/J01.CT.64.2.6018
V. Zvarych, М. Stasevych, О. Stanko, V. Novikov, М. Vovk, V. Poroikov, O. Solovyov
New thiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone were obtained by the reaction of N-benzoyl-N'-(9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1-yl)-thioureas with bromoacetone in the presence of triethylamine and hydrazine hydrate in chloroform, respectively. The PASS computer program was used to predict the biological activity spectra and to determine the most promising biological activities for experimental testing. Thus, it has been shown that the synthesized compounds are a promising class for the creation of substances with a wide range of biological activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6018
{"title":"COMPUTER PREDICTION AND SYNTHESIS OF NEW AZOLES BASED ON N-BENZOYL-N'-(9,10-DIOXO-9,10-DIHYDROANTHRACEN-1-YL)THIOUREAS","authors":"V. Zvarych, М. Stasevych, О. Stanko, V. Novikov, М. Vovk, V. Poroikov, O. Solovyov","doi":"10.5755/J01.CT.64.2.6018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.CT.64.2.6018","url":null,"abstract":"New thiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone were obtained by the reaction of N-benzoyl-N'-(9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1-yl)-thioureas with bromoacetone in the presence of triethylamine and hydrazine hydrate in chloroform, respectively. The PASS computer program was used to predict the biological activity spectra and to determine the most promising biological activities for experimental testing. Thus, it has been shown that the synthesized compounds are a promising class for the creation of substances with a wide range of biological activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6018","PeriodicalId":22505,"journal":{"name":"the Chemical Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81421120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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