Pseudomonas aeruginosa is widely present in many diverse environments. It can be found in various living sources, including water, plants, intestinal tract of human and animals, and most importantly hospital environment. The organism is an important cause of nosocomial infections, such as septicemia and pneumonia, life-threatening infections in immunocompromised persons, and chronic infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Recent studies reported that hospitalized patients infected with multidrug resistance (MDR) P. aeruginosa have increased hospital length of stay and mortality. This short review focus on the current common occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa in Jordan.
{"title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa a common opportunistic pathogen in Jordan: A review article.","authors":"A. Shehabi, A. M. Kamal","doi":"10.3823/827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/827","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is widely present in many diverse environments. It can be found in various living sources, including water, plants, intestinal tract of human and animals, and most importantly hospital environment. The organism is an important cause of nosocomial infections, such as septicemia and pneumonia, life-threatening infections in immunocompromised persons, and chronic infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Recent studies reported that hospitalized patients infected with multidrug resistance (MDR) P. aeruginosa have increased hospital length of stay and mortality. This short review focus on the current common occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa in Jordan.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91533538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Elmanama, Mariam R. Al-Reefi, Madleen A. Shamali, Haya I Hemaid
Background: Food is fundamental for everyone’s life. Therefore, the safety of food we consume is a priority. Gram-negative bacteria are important and common cause of human infections and could be transmitted through food handling and consumption. Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative (CRGN) bacteria are becoming a global threat. Infections caused by CRGN are hard to cure because the carbapenems are last resort drugs for treatment. The main objective of this research is to determine the occurrence of Carbapenem-resistance among Gram-negative bacteria from poultry samples. Results: Two hundred twenty samples (chicken litters, water, chicken feed, and intestinal content) were collected from slaughterhouses, farms, and homes from different locations in Gaza strip. Samples were cultured onto MacConkey and Blood agar plates. Gram negative isolates were identified using conventional techniques. Disk diffusion method (based on CLSI recommendations) was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility against 14 antimicrobials including two carbapenems (Meropenem and imipenem). Carbapenemase production was detected by the Modified Hodge Test (MHT). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index for each isolate was calculated. Escherichia species were the most frequent isolates (39.5%), followed by non-lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (29.5%), other lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (29%). The lowest frequency was for non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (4.8%). Most isolates were resistant to most antimicrobial agents tested. A prominent exception was observed with meropenem, and amikacin with only 4% resistance. 41 isolates (34.7%) were resistance to imipenem. High level of intermediate results was detected for imipenem (45.2%). Among 124 isolates, 44 carbapenem-resistant (35.5%) were detected. None of the five meropenem resistant isolates and only five out of the 43 imipenem resistance isolates tested positive for carbapenemase production. Most isolates showed resistance to three or more antibiotics and are regarded as multidrug resistant strains. MDR isolates were present in 117 isolates (94.3%) with MARI index (higher than 0.3). Conclusion: Resistance to carbapenems as well as to other antimicrobials was high among GNB isolates as indicated by the MAR index. Concerned authorities should consider these alarming finding and implement an immediate monitoring program for poultry. Cross contamination, prevention measures should also be promoted and implemented.
{"title":"Carbapenems Resistance among Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Samples in Gaza - Palestine","authors":"A. Elmanama, Mariam R. Al-Reefi, Madleen A. Shamali, Haya I Hemaid","doi":"10.3823/826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/826","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Food is fundamental for everyone’s life. Therefore, the safety of food we consume is a priority. Gram-negative bacteria are important and common cause of human infections and could be transmitted through food handling and consumption. Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative (CRGN) bacteria are becoming a global threat. Infections caused by CRGN are hard to cure because the carbapenems are last resort drugs for treatment. The main objective of this research is to determine the occurrence of Carbapenem-resistance among Gram-negative bacteria from poultry samples. \u0000Results: Two hundred twenty samples (chicken litters, water, chicken feed, and intestinal content) were collected from slaughterhouses, farms, and homes from different locations in Gaza strip. Samples were cultured onto MacConkey and Blood agar plates. Gram negative isolates were identified using conventional techniques. Disk diffusion method (based on CLSI recommendations) was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility against 14 antimicrobials including two carbapenems (Meropenem and imipenem). Carbapenemase production was detected by the Modified Hodge Test (MHT). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index for each isolate was calculated. \u0000Escherichia species were the most frequent isolates (39.5%), followed by non-lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (29.5%), other lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (29%). The lowest frequency was for non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (4.8%). Most isolates were resistant to most antimicrobial agents tested. A prominent exception was observed with meropenem, and amikacin with only 4% resistance. 41 isolates (34.7%) were resistance to imipenem. High level of intermediate results was detected for imipenem (45.2%). Among 124 isolates, 44 carbapenem-resistant (35.5%) were detected. None of the five meropenem resistant isolates and only five out of the 43 imipenem resistance isolates tested positive for carbapenemase production. Most isolates showed resistance to three or more antibiotics and are regarded as multidrug resistant strains. MDR isolates were present in 117 isolates (94.3%) with MARI index (higher than 0.3). \u0000Conclusion: Resistance to carbapenems as well as to other antimicrobials was high among GNB isolates as indicated by the MAR index. Concerned authorities should consider these alarming finding and implement an immediate monitoring program for poultry. Cross contamination, prevention measures should also be promoted and implemented.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90695507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Literature from different parts of the world reported that antibiotic abuse is evident in dental practice. One aspect of this abuse is prescribing antibiotics for non-indicated orofacial infections. The use of some herbal anti-edematous agents has been recommended for reducing post-operative swelling/edema in certain oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. In this review we describe the possible benefits of using these agents for certain cases of facial cellulitis in order to reduce the number of antibiotic prescriptions for this particular clinical situation.
{"title":"Herbal anti-edematous agents for certain cases of facial cellulitis of odontogenic origin. Clinical recommendation.","authors":"N. Dar-Odeh, Shaden Abu-Hammad, O. Abu-Hammad","doi":"10.3823/825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/825","url":null,"abstract":"Literature from different parts of the world reported that antibiotic abuse is evident in dental practice. One aspect of this abuse is prescribing antibiotics for non-indicated orofacial infections. The use of some herbal anti-edematous agents has been recommended for reducing post-operative swelling/edema in certain oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. In this review we describe the possible benefits of using these agents for certain cases of facial cellulitis in order to reduce the number of antibiotic prescriptions for this particular clinical situation.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75024483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Elmanama, Mariam R. Al-Reefi, Mohammed A. Albayoumi, A. Marouf, Islam F. Hassona
Background: Multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR), such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are threat to the human health care system. In recent years, these MDR bacteria have been found increasingly inside and outside the hospital environment. Food animals (meat and poultry) are increasingly colonized with MDR bacteria, thus posing an additional concern. This study is intended to determine susceptibility and resistance pattern of pathogenic Gram negative bacteria isolated from rectal swabs of chicken against 16 antibiotics. Methods: A total of 216 cloacal swab samples (Gaza strip poultry farms) and 87 frozen and fresh meat samples (from slaughter houses and retails) from June 2017 to June 2018 were collected. Isolation and identification of organisms were achieved using standard bacteriological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to standard protocols. Results: 360 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, and 56 Gram-negative non fermenter were recovered. The predominant Enterobacteriaceae isolate was Citrobacter spp. (22.6%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (17.6%) and E. coli (16.5%). High rates of resistance against Ampicillin (85.4%) and Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole (80.1%) followed by Chloramphenicol (74%) were recorded. Six samples were positive for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Of the tested Enterobacteriacae isolates, 94.7% were multidrug resistant (MDR), and 31.4% of None fermenting bacilli (NFB) were MDR. Carbapenem resistance was found to be high among isolates; 51.9% for imipenem and 1.8% for meropenem. Conclusion: Isolated bacteria in the study area were MDR and this suggests that chickens may be important reservoir of antimicrobial resistant organisms which is a major public health concern.
{"title":"High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Poultry","authors":"A. Elmanama, Mariam R. Al-Reefi, Mohammed A. Albayoumi, A. Marouf, Islam F. Hassona","doi":"10.3823/824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/824","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR), such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are threat to the human health care system. In recent years, these MDR bacteria have been found increasingly inside and outside the hospital environment. Food animals (meat and poultry) are increasingly colonized with MDR bacteria, thus posing an additional concern. This study is intended to determine susceptibility and resistance pattern of pathogenic Gram negative bacteria isolated from rectal swabs of chicken against 16 antibiotics. \u0000Methods: A total of 216 cloacal swab samples (Gaza strip poultry farms) and 87 frozen and fresh meat samples (from slaughter houses and retails) from June 2017 to June 2018 were collected. Isolation and identification of organisms were achieved using standard bacteriological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to standard protocols. \u0000Results: 360 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, and 56 Gram-negative non fermenter were recovered. The predominant Enterobacteriaceae isolate was Citrobacter spp. (22.6%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (17.6%) and E. coli (16.5%). High rates of resistance against Ampicillin (85.4%) and Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole (80.1%) followed by Chloramphenicol (74%) were recorded. Six samples were positive for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Of the tested Enterobacteriacae isolates, 94.7% were multidrug resistant (MDR), and 31.4% of None fermenting bacilli (NFB) were MDR. Carbapenem resistance was found to be high among isolates; 51.9% for imipenem and 1.8% for meropenem. \u0000Conclusion: Isolated bacteria in the study area were MDR and this suggests that chickens may be important reservoir of antimicrobial resistant organisms which is a major public health concern. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"42 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90198426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Infectious diseases attributable to the consumption of raw and lightly cooked molluscan shellfish are caused by bacterial agents that are associated either with human waste disposed into the ocean or those of marine origin. This has led to the increase in prevalence of bacterial diseases and microbial resistance to antibiotics. Method: Samples of P. perna were dissected and homogenized for bacterial isolation. Six bacteria were isolated, identified and evaluated for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiling. Results: The microbial counts obtained revealed significant differences in the pathogenic bacteria populations found in the gut and gill of Perna perna. The morphological characteristics of the isolates were found to be of different shapes. All the isolates were catalase and oxidase positive except Vibrio spp. which was negative to the latter. Chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacillin were the most effective antibiotics against all the isolates, each exhibiting 100% efficacy. The highest resistance to ampicilin was observed in Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus xylosus. Conclusions: The results revealed that marine habitats are reservoirs of bacterial pathogens and there is increased resistance to antibiotic therapy, thereby constituting risks to public health. Therefore, appropriate surveillance measures to safeguard the health of shellfish consumers’ should be established.
{"title":"Characteristics of pathogenic bacteria isolates associated with the gut and gill of molluscan shellfish, Eastern Cape, South Africa","authors":"E. B. Famewo, A. Afolayan","doi":"10.3823/822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/822","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Infectious diseases attributable to the consumption of raw and lightly cooked molluscan shellfish are caused by bacterial agents that are associated either with human waste disposed into the ocean or those of marine origin. This has led to the increase in prevalence of bacterial diseases and microbial resistance to antibiotics. \u0000Method: Samples of P. perna were dissected and homogenized for bacterial isolation. Six bacteria were isolated, identified and evaluated for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiling. \u0000Results: The microbial counts obtained revealed significant differences in the pathogenic bacteria populations found in the gut and gill of Perna perna. The morphological characteristics of the isolates were found to be of different shapes. All the isolates were catalase and oxidase positive except Vibrio spp. which was negative to the latter. Chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacillin were the most effective antibiotics against all the isolates, each exhibiting 100% efficacy. The highest resistance to ampicilin was observed in Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus xylosus. \u0000Conclusions: The results revealed that marine habitats are reservoirs of bacterial pathogens and there is increased resistance to antibiotic therapy, thereby constituting risks to public health. Therefore, appropriate surveillance measures to safeguard the health of shellfish consumers’ should be established.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85545417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. Numerous epidemiological studies reported that Lebanon is affected with high levels of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria in North Lebanon during the period 2015-2017. Methods. Carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were isolated from patients referring to Nini hospital and Youssef hospital center. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed through conventional tools according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedures and the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, respectively. Results. Overall, a total of 290 carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli was predominant and represented 39.3% of all isolates, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.8%), Acinetobacter baumannii (22.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.6%), Enterobacter spp. (6.6%), Pantoea spp. (1%), and Proteus vulgaris (0.3%). Our findings showed an alarming increase in the prevalence of carbapenem resistant bacteria every year. On the other hand, colistin, tigecycline, amikacin and fosfomycin remain the most effective agents against carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria. Conclusion. This study provided important new laboratory data that could support specialists in infectious diseases in North Lebanon to take the appropriate decision in the treatment of patients at risk for infections with carbapenem resistant Gram negative germs.
{"title":"Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Carbapenem Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in North Lebanon","authors":"M. Hamzé","doi":"10.3823/823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/823","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. Numerous epidemiological studies reported that Lebanon is affected with high levels of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria in North Lebanon during the period 2015-2017. \u0000Methods. Carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were isolated from patients referring to Nini hospital and Youssef hospital center. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed through conventional tools according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedures and the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, respectively. \u0000Results. Overall, a total of 290 carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli was predominant and represented 39.3% of all isolates, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.8%), Acinetobacter baumannii (22.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.6%), Enterobacter spp. (6.6%), Pantoea spp. (1%), and Proteus vulgaris (0.3%). Our findings showed an alarming increase in the prevalence of carbapenem resistant bacteria every year. On the other hand, colistin, tigecycline, amikacin and fosfomycin remain the most effective agents against carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria. \u0000Conclusion. This study provided important new laboratory data that could support specialists in infectious diseases in North Lebanon to take the appropriate decision in the treatment of patients at risk for infections with carbapenem resistant Gram negative germs.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78047435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Husam F. Qouzah, F. Hawari, L. Abu-Qatouseh, A. Shehabi
Background: During the last decade, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant infection associated with multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumanniiin patients has been continuously increasing. This prospective study aimed to determine the occurrence and molecular characterization of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and carbapenem hydrolyzing oxacillinases among A. baumannii isolates from cancer patients over a period of 6-month. Methods:Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 70 randomly collected A. baumannii isolates was first determined using disc diffusion test, and second, the MICs of 45 representative multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were tested to useful drugs in treatment of their infections using E-test. PCR assays were used to detect the common four types of class D carbapenem hydrolyzing oxacillinases, two types of class A carbapenemases, four types of class B metallo-β –lactamases, and prevalence of Class 1 Integron among MDR isolates. Results: All 70 isolates were MDR, including 100% resistance to meropenom, aztreonem, piperacillin/tazobactum and 99% to carbapenem. All isolates carried blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51, but none carried a blaOXA-24 like or blaOXA-58. The isolates also were positive for NDM-1, NDM, VIM, GES, KPC and SPM at the rates of 29%, 20%, 29%,19%,7% and 2%, respectively. Class 1 Integron was positive in 82% of A. baumanniiisolates. The clonal relationship of 42 MDR A. baumanniiisolates using ERIC-PCR and constructed dendrogram showed 3 major genotype clusters of genetically related isolates. These include 4 genotype groups, each composed of 2 isolates with 100 % similarity of DNA bands. Conclusion:This study demonstrates that A. baumannii colonize frequently cancer patients in association with antibiotic treatment. The organism is mostly carrying wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance genetic factors, especially many types of ESBLs and MBLs and Class 1 Integron. This fact should be considered when therapy is selected for treatment of patients infected with MDR A. baumannii. Key words. Acinetobacter baumannii, ESBLs, MBLs, Class 1 Integron, Jordanian cancer patients.
{"title":"Occurrence and molecular characterization of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from cancer patients","authors":"Husam F. Qouzah, F. Hawari, L. Abu-Qatouseh, A. Shehabi","doi":"10.3823/821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/821","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the last decade, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant infection associated with multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumanniiin patients has been continuously increasing. This prospective study aimed to determine the occurrence and molecular characterization of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and carbapenem hydrolyzing oxacillinases among A. baumannii isolates from cancer patients over a period of 6-month. \u0000Methods:Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 70 randomly collected A. baumannii isolates was first determined using disc diffusion test, and second, the MICs of 45 representative multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were tested to useful drugs in treatment of their infections using E-test. PCR assays were used to detect the common four types of class D carbapenem hydrolyzing oxacillinases, two types of class A carbapenemases, four types of class B metallo-β –lactamases, and prevalence of Class 1 Integron among MDR isolates. \u0000Results: All 70 isolates were MDR, including 100% resistance to meropenom, aztreonem, piperacillin/tazobactum and 99% to carbapenem. All isolates carried blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51, but none carried a blaOXA-24 like or blaOXA-58. The isolates also were positive for NDM-1, NDM, VIM, GES, KPC and SPM at the rates of 29%, 20%, 29%,19%,7% and 2%, respectively. Class 1 Integron was positive in 82% of A. baumanniiisolates. \u0000The clonal relationship of 42 MDR A. baumanniiisolates using ERIC-PCR and constructed dendrogram showed 3 major genotype clusters of genetically related isolates. These include 4 genotype groups, each composed of 2 isolates with 100 % similarity of DNA bands. \u0000Conclusion:This study demonstrates that A. baumannii colonize frequently cancer patients in association with antibiotic treatment. The organism is mostly carrying wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance genetic factors, especially many types of ESBLs and MBLs and Class 1 Integron. This fact should be considered when therapy is selected for treatment of patients infected with MDR A. baumannii. \u0000Key words. Acinetobacter baumannii, ESBLs, MBLs, Class 1 Integron, Jordanian cancer patients. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77245034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The objective of this study is to characterize the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the fecal samples of poultry workers, and to study the possible dissemination of resistant E. coli from poultry to humans. Methodology: Sixty four E. coli strains isolated from the fecal samples of poultry workers and 35 isolates from a control group workers were tested for antibiotic resistance by agar disk diffusion with 11 antimicrobial agents. Results: Resistance of E. coli isolated from poultry workers to tetracycline, ampicillin and norfloxacin were significantly (p < 0,05) higher than those isolated from the control group. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, and most of them are susceptible to gentamycin, amikacin, cefoxitin and ertapenem. Multidrug resistance is alarmingly high in all groups, but was highest in poultry farmers isolates (84%) and poultry slaughterers isolates (80%). Approximately 25 % of the isolates of poultry workers showed resistance to four or more antibiotics. Conclusion: This study implies that occupational exposure to antimicrobial-resistant E. coli from animal contact in the broiler chicken industry may be an important route of entry for antimicrobial-resistant E. coli into the community. Keywords : Escherichia coli ; Poultry Workers ; Antibiotic Resistance ; Multidrug Resistance ; Morocco.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry farmers and poultry slaughterers in Morocco","authors":"Chaiba Abdellah, Rhazi Filali Fouzia","doi":"10.3823/820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/820","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The objective of this study is to characterize the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the fecal samples of poultry workers, and to study the possible dissemination of resistant E. coli from poultry to humans. \u0000Methodology: Sixty four E. coli strains isolated from the fecal samples of poultry workers and 35 isolates from a control group workers were tested for antibiotic resistance by agar disk diffusion with 11 antimicrobial agents. \u0000Results: Resistance of E. coli isolated from poultry workers to tetracycline, ampicillin and norfloxacin were significantly (p < 0,05) higher than those isolated from the control group. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, and most of them are susceptible to gentamycin, amikacin, cefoxitin and ertapenem. Multidrug resistance is alarmingly high in all groups, but was highest in poultry farmers isolates (84%) and poultry slaughterers isolates (80%). Approximately 25 % of the isolates of poultry workers showed resistance to four or more antibiotics. \u0000Conclusion: This study implies that occupational exposure to antimicrobial-resistant E. coli from animal contact in the broiler chicken industry may be an important route of entry for antimicrobial-resistant E. coli into the community. \u0000Keywords : Escherichia coli ; Poultry Workers ; Antibiotic Resistance ; Multidrug Resistance ; Morocco.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76960683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Malki, Kamal Eddaraji, Rajae Alloudane, H. Greche, Haiat Essalmani, S. Barrijal
Introduction: Medicinal plants are plentiful of bioactive molecules effective against multi-resistance bacteria. The aims of this study were to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from three Moroccan aromatic plants. Methodology: Analysis of essential oils of Origanum compactum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Pelargonium asperum, collected from different localities in Morocco, were performed using a GC-MS spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro for five clinical multi-resistant isolates. Results: Origanum showed strong antibacterial activity against tested strains except Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Rosmarinum showed a bactericidal effect against Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pelargonium presented only slight growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus on solid medium, but provided bactericidal effect against Acinetobacter baumanii and Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, fractions F7 and F8 of Pelargonium which represented only 0.3% and 0.1% of the total mass were found bactericidal respectively against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: Ours results showed that the antimicrobial activities were variables depending on the chemical composition of essential oils, the fraction used and the microorganism tested.Essential oils fractionation allows detection of bioactive substances, especially those owning antimicrobial activity, present in small quantities.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from leaves of native Moroccan plants against clinical bacterial isolates","authors":"F. Malki, Kamal Eddaraji, Rajae Alloudane, H. Greche, Haiat Essalmani, S. Barrijal","doi":"10.3823/819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/819","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medicinal plants are plentiful of bioactive molecules effective against multi-resistance bacteria. The aims of this study were to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from three Moroccan aromatic plants. Methodology: Analysis of essential oils of Origanum compactum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Pelargonium asperum, collected from different localities in Morocco, were performed using a GC-MS spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro for five clinical multi-resistant isolates. Results: Origanum showed strong antibacterial activity against tested strains except Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Rosmarinum showed a bactericidal effect against Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pelargonium presented only slight growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus on solid medium, but provided bactericidal effect against Acinetobacter baumanii and Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, fractions F7 and F8 of Pelargonium which represented only 0.3% and 0.1% of the total mass were found bactericidal respectively against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: Ours results showed that the antimicrobial activities were variables depending on the chemical composition of essential oils, the fraction used and the microorganism tested.Essential oils fractionation allows detection of bioactive substances, especially those owning antimicrobial activity, present in small quantities.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75965888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The aim of this work was to control the quality of some antibiotics cartridges (ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin) used for antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method. Antibiotics were determined in disks and two techniques were compared for this purpose, chromatographic and microbiological method. Methods: Chromatographic method (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: HPLC) was used for determining ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin, and microbiological method for vancomycin and ampicillin. We used the European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition monographs and a simple and adapted method published in 2015 by Ramli Y. et Al. Results: Dosage results reveal that 35% of unexpired cartridges had low content and all the expired AB’s disks gave low results. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the content of antibiotics in disks could decrease if the storage and transport conditions (temperature and relative humidity) of disk cartridges were not respected. Therefore, properly performed quality control of antibiotic disks before use in laboratories would aid in providing accurate and reproducible results of dosage. Keywords: Antibiotic disks, Quality control, Antibiogram, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Microbiological method.
前言:采用纸片扩散法对用于抗生素药敏试验的抗生素药筒(氨苄西林、阿莫西林-克拉维酸、环丙沙星、万古霉素)进行质量控制。并对色谱法和微生物法两种方法进行了比较。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定氨苄西林、阿莫西林-克拉维酸和环丙沙星，采用微生物法测定万古霉素和氨苄西林。我们使用了欧洲药典第8版专著和Ramli Y. et Al于2015年出版的一种简单而适应的方法。结果:药量测定结果显示，35%未过期药盒含量低，所有过期药盒AB片含量均低。结论:本研究表明，如果不尊重磁盘盒的储存和运输条件(温度和相对湿度)，可能会降低磁盘中抗生素的含量。因此，在实验室使用前对抗生素盘进行适当的质量控制将有助于提供准确和可重复的剂量结果。关键词:抗生素片，质量控制，抗生素谱，高效液相色谱法，微生物法
{"title":"Antibiotic determination of antibiotic susceptibility testing disks using liquid chromatography and microbiological assay","authors":"A. Ousaid, Jaouad Akrim, Y. Khayati","doi":"10.3823/818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/818","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this work was to control the quality of some antibiotics cartridges (ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin) used for antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method. Antibiotics were determined in disks and two techniques were compared for this purpose, chromatographic and microbiological method. \u0000Methods: Chromatographic method (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: HPLC) was used for determining ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin, and microbiological method for vancomycin and ampicillin. We used the European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition monographs and a simple and adapted method published in 2015 by Ramli Y. et Al. \u0000Results: Dosage results reveal that 35% of unexpired cartridges had low content and all the expired AB’s disks gave low results. \u0000Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the content of antibiotics in disks could decrease if the storage and transport conditions (temperature and relative humidity) of disk cartridges were not respected. Therefore, properly performed quality control of antibiotic disks before use in laboratories would aid in providing accurate and reproducible results of dosage. \u0000Keywords: Antibiotic disks, Quality control, Antibiogram, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Microbiological method.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85720528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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