I. Kassaa, Mazen Zaylaa, S. Hussein, K. E. Omari, N. Chihib, M. Hamzé, Hoda Yusef, F. Dabboussi
Introduction: The raw goat milk is considered as a good source of novel bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains. Method: The bacteriocin, which named enterocin CMUL20-2 was secreted by Enterococcus faecium CMUL20-2. This bacterial strain was originally isolated from raw goat’s milk, was extracted by using a modified adsorption-desorption method and purified via RP-HPLC. antimicrobial activity was tested against several pathogenic and spoilage microbes. Results: The enterocin CMUL20-2 showed a strong adsorption on cell wall of producer strain even in acidic environment which facilitate its extraction in only two simple steps. The recovered purified enterocin has decreased procedure time and diminished the number of undesirable molecules present in Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth. The recovered enterocin showed antimicrobial activity against several foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microbes. Conclusion: The recovered enterocin was able to tolerate a variety of food chain conditions such as high temperature, pH and storage stability, and it can be a good candidate to protect food from spoilage microbes
{"title":"Identification of the first bacteriocin isolated in Lebanon extracted via a modified adsorption-desorption method and its potential food application","authors":"I. Kassaa, Mazen Zaylaa, S. Hussein, K. E. Omari, N. Chihib, M. Hamzé, Hoda Yusef, F. Dabboussi","doi":"10.3823/817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/817","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The raw goat milk is considered as a good source of novel bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains. \u0000Method: The bacteriocin, which named enterocin CMUL20-2 was secreted by Enterococcus faecium CMUL20-2. This bacterial strain was originally isolated from raw goat’s milk, was extracted by using a modified adsorption-desorption method and purified via RP-HPLC. antimicrobial activity was tested against several pathogenic and spoilage microbes. \u0000Results: The enterocin CMUL20-2 showed a strong adsorption on cell wall of producer strain even in acidic environment which facilitate its extraction in only two simple steps. The recovered purified enterocin has decreased procedure time and diminished the number of undesirable molecules present in Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth. The recovered enterocin showed antimicrobial activity against several foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microbes. \u0000Conclusion: The recovered enterocin was able to tolerate a variety of food chain conditions such as high temperature, pH and storage stability, and it can be a good candidate to protect food from spoilage microbes","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90635506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The term probiotic (prolife) is utilized to describe useful living microorganisms, intended to colonize the large bowel, when consumed in adequate amounts, they confer physiological health benefits to the host. In the last decade, probiotics have been widely used as a nutritional supplement and became a rapidly developing research topic that gained importance in medicine. Recent clinical trials have found that consumption of beneficial bacterial species can manipulate gut flora and reduce or prevent the development of certain serious diseases. This brief review article is intended to discuss the status of research on probiotics, and the value of their consumption in human health.
{"title":"Probiotics: Past, Present and Future Challenges","authors":"Baraa M. AL-Taha, J. Wadi, A. Shehabi","doi":"10.3823/816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/816","url":null,"abstract":"The term probiotic (prolife) is utilized to describe useful living microorganisms, intended to colonize the large bowel, when consumed in adequate amounts, they confer physiological health benefits to the host. In the last decade, probiotics have been widely used as a nutritional supplement and became a rapidly developing research topic that gained importance in medicine. Recent clinical trials have found that consumption of beneficial bacterial species can manipulate gut flora and reduce or prevent the development of certain serious diseases. This brief review article is intended to discuss the status of research on probiotics, and the value of their consumption in human health.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85566520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial keratitis can lead to severe vision loss and corneal scarring, and possibly perforation. Early and appropriate management is a key factor in decreasing and preventing complication. Pubmed and Medline were searched for articles related to Pseudomonas keratitis between year 2000 and 2017 to get current guidelines about the management of Pseudomonas keratitis. These articles are reviewed in this article and information related to management is summarized. The most used agents to treat Pseudomonas are either aminoglycosides (usually gentamicin) fortified with a cephalosporin or mono therapy with a fluoroquinolones usually ciprofloxacin. In most areas, most strains of Pseudomonas were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The role of topical steroids is discussed, as well as, available options for treatment of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas species. Management of Psuedomonas keratitis: A review article Mouna Mohamad Al Saad1 1 Faculty of Medicine, Department of special surgery/Division Ophthalmology. The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. Contact information: Dr. Mouna Mohamad Al Saad. m.alsaad@ju.edu.jo.
细菌性角膜炎可导致严重的视力丧失和角膜瘢痕，并可能穿孔。早期适当的治疗是减少和预防并发症的关键因素。在Pubmed和Medline检索2000年至2017年间与假单胞菌角膜炎相关的文章，以获得假单胞菌角膜炎管理的最新指南。本文对这些文章进行了回顾，并对与管理相关的信息进行了总结。治疗假单胞菌最常用的药物是氨基糖苷类药物(通常是庆大霉素)加头孢菌素或氟喹诺酮类药物(通常是环丙沙星)的单药治疗。在大多数地区，大多数假单胞菌对环丙沙星敏感。讨论了局部类固醇的作用，以及治疗多重耐药假单胞菌的可用选择。假单胞菌性角膜炎的治疗:一篇综述文章。Mouna Mohamad Al saad[11]医学院特殊外科/眼科。约旦大学，安曼，约旦。联系方式:Mouna Mohamad Al Saad博士。m.alsaad@ju.edu.jo。
{"title":"Management of Psuedomonas Keratitis: a review article","authors":"Mouna M. AlSaad","doi":"10.3823/813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/813","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial keratitis can lead to severe vision loss and corneal scarring, and possibly perforation. Early and appropriate management is a key factor in decreasing and preventing complication. Pubmed and Medline were searched for articles related to Pseudomonas keratitis between year 2000 and 2017 to get current guidelines about the management of Pseudomonas keratitis. These articles are reviewed in this article and information related to management is summarized. The most used agents to treat Pseudomonas are either aminoglycosides (usually gentamicin) fortified with a cephalosporin or mono therapy with a fluoroquinolones usually ciprofloxacin. In most areas, most strains of Pseudomonas were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The role of topical steroids is discussed, as well as, available options for treatment of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas species. Management of Psuedomonas keratitis: A review article Mouna Mohamad Al Saad1 1 Faculty of Medicine, Department of special surgery/Division Ophthalmology. The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. Contact information: Dr. Mouna Mohamad Al Saad. m.alsaad@ju.edu.jo.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86459659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. J. Jameel, A. Hussain, Muthana Abdulkhader Al-Mahdawi, Nuha F. Abed Alkerim, Eman Sabah Abd Alrahman
Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The present study investigated the bioactivity of pyocyanin against certain types of bacteria and fungi causing human infections Objectives: Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The current study deals with biosynthesis, purification and bioactivity of pyocyanin produced by P. aeruginosa. Design: Pyocyanin extraction was done by chloroform method and concentration was determined by multiplying the optical density at 520 nm by 17.072 expressed as µg/ml. Biological activity of pyocyanin was determined by well diffusion procedure. Results: According to the source of infection, results showed that P. aeruginosa were most common in ear infection (30%) followed by wounds (22%), burns (17%), urine (13%) and each in stool and diabetes (9%). In this study the high resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates to antibiotics were 19 (82.6 %) to piperacillin followed by 10(43.5%) to aztreonem, 8(34.8%) to meropenem, 6(26.1%) to amikacin, 5(21.7%) to ciprofloxacin then 2(8.7%) to cefotaxime. the urine isolate produced the largest amount of pyocyanin (15.894 µg/ml). pyaocyanin have antimicrobial activity against Pathogenic bacteria: Shigella, Staphyllococcus aureus and Staphyllococcus epidermedis. and pathogenic fungi and yeast: Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp, Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Rhodotorula spp., Alternaria alternate , Trichophyton rubrum and Candida spp Conclusions: cefotaxime is the best antibiotic for P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobial activity of pyocyanin against gram positive more than gram negative bacteria but less than that observed against fungi (molds and yeast).
{"title":"Bioactivity of pyocyanin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates against a variety of human pathogenic bacteria and fungi species","authors":"Z. J. Jameel, A. Hussain, Muthana Abdulkhader Al-Mahdawi, Nuha F. Abed Alkerim, Eman Sabah Abd Alrahman","doi":"10.3823/0812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/0812","url":null,"abstract":"Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The present study investigated the bioactivity of pyocyanin against certain types of bacteria and fungi causing human infections \u0000Objectives: Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The current study deals with biosynthesis, purification and bioactivity of pyocyanin produced by P. aeruginosa. \u0000Design: Pyocyanin extraction was done by chloroform method and concentration was determined by multiplying the optical density at 520 nm by 17.072 expressed as µg/ml. Biological activity of pyocyanin was determined by well diffusion procedure. \u0000Results: According to the source of infection, results showed that P. aeruginosa were most common in ear infection (30%) followed by wounds (22%), burns (17%), urine (13%) and each in stool and diabetes (9%). In this study the high resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates to antibiotics were 19 (82.6 %) to piperacillin followed by 10(43.5%) to aztreonem, 8(34.8%) to meropenem, 6(26.1%) to amikacin, 5(21.7%) to ciprofloxacin then 2(8.7%) to cefotaxime. the urine isolate produced the largest amount of pyocyanin (15.894 µg/ml). pyaocyanin have antimicrobial activity against Pathogenic bacteria: Shigella, Staphyllococcus aureus and Staphyllococcus epidermedis. and pathogenic fungi and yeast: Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp, Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Rhodotorula spp., Alternaria alternate , Trichophyton rubrum and Candida spp \u0000Conclusions: cefotaxime is the best antibiotic for P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobial activity of pyocyanin against gram positive more than gram negative bacteria but less than that observed against fungi (molds and yeast).","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83247432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Laham, E. A. Elkhair, A. Bashir, Nahed Abdelateef
Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) represent one of the major resistant nosocomial pathogens where its biofilmrelated infections often fail to respond to antibiotic chemotherapy. Here, we studied the resistance profiles and biofilm formation in CoNS isolates from clinical specimens at Al Shifa hospital in Gaza, Palestine. Methods: This study was carried out from March to July 2013 and included 81 clinical isolates. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using VITEK-2 system. The presence of nuc and mecA genes was performed using multiplex PCR. Qualitative and quantitative biofilm assays were performed using standard methods. Results: Of the 81 clinical CoNS isolates, S. haemolyticus was the most common species (34, 42%), followed by S. epidermidis (26, 32.1%) and S. saprophyticus (13, 16%). The majority of isolates (83.9%) were from surgery, ICUs, pediatrics and medicine wards and the most common source was pus (28, 34.6%). Antibiotic resistance was highest against aminoglycosides, β-lactams, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin and macrolides. Though, no resistance was detected against rifampicin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid and mupirocin. The antibiotic resistance among MR-CoNS was significantly higher than that among MS-CoNS. Nearly 88.9% of isolates were multidrug resistant with higher percentage among MRCoNS. Most S. epidermidis (76.9%) isolates were biofilm producer, with statistically significant association between methicillin resistance and biofilm production. Resistance profiles and biofilm formation of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Palestine Nahed A. Al Laham1, Emad Abou Elkhair2, Abdallah Bashir2, Nahed Abdelateef3 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine. 3 The Central Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Gaza Strip, Palestine. Contact information: Dr. Nahed A. Al Laham. Address: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Azhar University-Gaza, P. O. Box 1277, Gaza Strip, Palestine. nahedallaham@gmail.com The InTernaTIonal arabIc Journal of anTImIcrobIal agenTs ISSN: 2174-9094 2017 Vol. 7 No. 3:4 doi: 10.3823/814 This article is available at: www.iajaa.org / www.medbrary.com 2 Introduction Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are now representing one of the major nosocomial pathogens and among the most frequently isolated bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratories [1-5]. They are responsible for bacteremia, endocarditis, mediastinitis, meningitis and progressive joint destruction mainly in patients with neutropenia, indwelling foreign devices, intravascular catheters or other foreign bodies [1, 3, 4]. The clinical most relevant CoNS are Staphylococcus epidermidis, S.
背景:凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(con)是一种主要的耐药医院病原菌，其生物膜相关感染往往对抗生素化疗无效。在此，我们研究了巴勒斯坦加沙Al Shifa医院临床标本中分离的con的耐药谱和生物膜形成。方法:本研究于2013年3月~ 7月开展，纳入临床分离株81株。采用VITEK-2系统进行鉴定和药敏试验。采用多重PCR检测nuc和mecA基因的存在。采用标准方法进行定性和定量生物膜测定。结果:81株con临床分离株中，溶血链球菌最多见(34.42%)，其次为表皮链球菌(26.32.1%)和腐生链球菌(13.16%)。大多数分离株(83.9%)来自外科、icu、儿科和内科病房，最常见的分离源为脓液(28.34.6%)。对氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类、碳青霉烯类、头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类、磷霉素和大环内酯类抗生素的耐药性最高。对利福平、万古霉素、替柯planin、呋喃妥英、利奈唑胺和莫匹罗星均无耐药。MR-CoNS的抗生素耐药性明显高于MS-CoNS。近88.9%的分离株耐多药，mrcon中耐多药比例较高。大多数表皮葡萄球菌(76.9%)是生物膜的产生者，耐甲氧西林与生物膜的产生有统计学意义。巴勒斯坦三级医院临床标本中分离的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的耐药谱和生物膜形成Nahed a . Al Laham1, Emad Abou Elkhair2, Abdallah Bashir2, Nahed Abdelateef3 1巴勒斯坦加沙地带爱资哈尔大学应用医学学院检验医学系2巴勒斯坦加沙地带爱资哈尔大学理学院生物系3卫生部中央实验室加沙地带，巴勒斯坦。联系方式:Nahed A. Al Laham博士。地址:加沙爱资哈尔大学应用医学学院检验医学系，巴勒斯坦加沙地带邮政信箱1277号。nahedallaham@gmail.com国际阿拉伯抗微生物药物杂志ISSN: 2174-9094 2017 Vol. 7 No. 3:4 doi: 10.3823/814本文可在:www.iajaa.org / www.medbrary.com 2介绍凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(con)现在是主要的医院病原体之一，也是临床微生物实验室中最常分离的细菌之一[1-5]。细菌血症、心内膜炎、纵隔炎、脑膜炎和进行性关节破坏主要发生在中性粒细胞减少、留置异物、血管内导管或其他异物的患者中[1,3,4]。与临床最相关的con是表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)、葡萄球菌(S. lugdunensis)、腐生葡萄球菌(S. saprophyticus)和葡萄球菌(S. capitis)[6,7]。con，特别是表皮葡萄球菌产生的生物膜被认为是植入医疗器械相关感染发病的重要因素[1,2,8,9]。生物膜的形成分为四个连续的阶段:细菌附着在生物或非生物表面;细菌在多层细胞簇中的增殖和积累;生物膜生长成一层厚而有结构的层，最后单个细胞或细胞团脱离并通过血液循环[1,2]。许多文献调查显示，con对包括甲氧西林在内的大多数常用治疗性抗菌药物均有较高的耐药性。无论地理位置如何，全球SENTRY研究表明，约70-75%的con对甲氧西林耐药[10]。耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MR-CoNS)感染显著增加，这些细菌最近开始对其他广泛使用的抗生素产生耐药性[11-14]。随着人们越来越认识到con的致病潜力以及其中出现的耐药性，有必要鉴定各种con并确定其抗生素耐药性模式。巴勒斯坦地区关于小儿麻痹症的流行病学数据要么缺乏，要么不足[15]。据我们所知，这是第一份描述加沙地带医院内临床感染的报告。为此，我们进行了这项研究，以确定从加沙地带Al Shifa医院的各种临床标本中分离出的con物种的频率，并评估它们对最常用抗生素的耐药性。此外，还研究了表皮葡萄球菌分离株的生物成膜能力。 材料与方法研究设计与设置本研究于2013年3月至7月在某大型综合医院临床微生物实验室进行，为期5个月
{"title":"Resistance profiles and biofilm formation of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Palestine","authors":"N. A. Laham, E. A. Elkhair, A. Bashir, Nahed Abdelateef","doi":"10.3823/814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/814","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) represent one of the major resistant nosocomial pathogens where its biofilmrelated infections often fail to respond to antibiotic chemotherapy. Here, we studied the resistance profiles and biofilm formation in CoNS isolates from clinical specimens at Al Shifa hospital in Gaza, Palestine. Methods: This study was carried out from March to July 2013 and included 81 clinical isolates. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using VITEK-2 system. The presence of nuc and mecA genes was performed using multiplex PCR. Qualitative and quantitative biofilm assays were performed using standard methods. Results: Of the 81 clinical CoNS isolates, S. haemolyticus was the most common species (34, 42%), followed by S. epidermidis (26, 32.1%) and S. saprophyticus (13, 16%). The majority of isolates (83.9%) were from surgery, ICUs, pediatrics and medicine wards and the most common source was pus (28, 34.6%). Antibiotic resistance was highest against aminoglycosides, β-lactams, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin and macrolides. Though, no resistance was detected against rifampicin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid and mupirocin. The antibiotic resistance among MR-CoNS was significantly higher than that among MS-CoNS. Nearly 88.9% of isolates were multidrug resistant with higher percentage among MRCoNS. Most S. epidermidis (76.9%) isolates were biofilm producer, with statistically significant association between methicillin resistance and biofilm production. Resistance profiles and biofilm formation of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Palestine Nahed A. Al Laham1, Emad Abou Elkhair2, Abdallah Bashir2, Nahed Abdelateef3 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine. 3 The Central Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Gaza Strip, Palestine. Contact information: Dr. Nahed A. Al Laham. Address: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Azhar University-Gaza, P. O. Box 1277, Gaza Strip, Palestine. nahedallaham@gmail.com The InTernaTIonal arabIc Journal of anTImIcrobIal agenTs ISSN: 2174-9094 2017 Vol. 7 No. 3:4 doi: 10.3823/814 This article is available at: www.iajaa.org / www.medbrary.com 2 Introduction Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are now representing one of the major nosocomial pathogens and among the most frequently isolated bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratories [1-5]. They are responsible for bacteremia, endocarditis, mediastinitis, meningitis and progressive joint destruction mainly in patients with neutropenia, indwelling foreign devices, intravascular catheters or other foreign bodies [1, 3, 4]. The clinical most relevant CoNS are Staphylococcus epidermidis, S.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90681651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance rates among pathogen microorganisms especially colistin resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections and to determine infection-specific correct treatment strategies. Methods: The data of adult and newborn infant patients diagnosed with ICU-acquired infection in a tertiary education and research hospital in Bursa in 2014 and 2016 were analyzed, retrospectively. Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent pathogen of ICU-acquired infections in 2014 and 2016. There was a significant increase in colistin (CO) resistance rates in A. baumanii (0.0%-6.8%). A significant increase in CO, cefepime (FEP), ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistance rates was established in all gram negative bacteria (0.0%-7.9%, 50.0%-91.9%, 54.7%-74.6%), respectively. A significant increase in the rate of detection of A. baumanii as the pathogen microorganism in respiratory tract infection (RTI) was established (53.9% -79.5%). In addition, the average ventilator-associated pneumonia (VIP) infection rate also increased in 2016 compared to 2014 (VIP rate 2014: 7.12, 2016: 7.45, per 1000 ventilator days). A significant decrease in the rate of detection of all gram negative microorganisms in the surgical site infection (SSI), and a significant increase in the rate of detection of all gram positive microorganisms in the SSI was determined. Conclusion: Increased antimicrobial resistance, especially increased colistin resistance rates in ICU-acquired infections, necessitates the creation of new strategies in empirical therapy. Detection of antimicrobial resistance profiles of local and infectious pathogen microorganisms in ICUs is a good guide for correct antimicrobial management. Increased colistin resistance of Acinetobacter species in intensive care unit-acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital Sanem Karadag Gecgel1, Canan Demir2 1 Departments of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology. 2 Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. Contact information: Dr. Sanem Karadag Gecgel. Address: Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, 152 Evler, Prof. Tezok Cd. No:2, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey. Tel: 0-224-3605050. sanemkaradag@yahoo.com
{"title":"Increased colistin resistance of Acinetobacter species in intensive care unit-acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Sanem Karadag Gecgel, C. Demir","doi":"10.3823/815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/815","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance rates among pathogen microorganisms especially colistin resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections and to determine infection-specific correct treatment strategies. Methods: The data of adult and newborn infant patients diagnosed with ICU-acquired infection in a tertiary education and research hospital in Bursa in 2014 and 2016 were analyzed, retrospectively. Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent pathogen of ICU-acquired infections in 2014 and 2016. There was a significant increase in colistin (CO) resistance rates in A. baumanii (0.0%-6.8%). A significant increase in CO, cefepime (FEP), ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistance rates was established in all gram negative bacteria (0.0%-7.9%, 50.0%-91.9%, 54.7%-74.6%), respectively. A significant increase in the rate of detection of A. baumanii as the pathogen microorganism in respiratory tract infection (RTI) was established (53.9% -79.5%). In addition, the average ventilator-associated pneumonia (VIP) infection rate also increased in 2016 compared to 2014 (VIP rate 2014: 7.12, 2016: 7.45, per 1000 ventilator days). A significant decrease in the rate of detection of all gram negative microorganisms in the surgical site infection (SSI), and a significant increase in the rate of detection of all gram positive microorganisms in the SSI was determined. Conclusion: Increased antimicrobial resistance, especially increased colistin resistance rates in ICU-acquired infections, necessitates the creation of new strategies in empirical therapy. Detection of antimicrobial resistance profiles of local and infectious pathogen microorganisms in ICUs is a good guide for correct antimicrobial management. Increased colistin resistance of Acinetobacter species in intensive care unit-acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital Sanem Karadag Gecgel1, Canan Demir2 1 Departments of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology. 2 Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. Contact information: Dr. Sanem Karadag Gecgel. Address: Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, 152 Evler, Prof. Tezok Cd. No:2, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey. Tel: 0-224-3605050. sanemkaradag@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83068489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Kooli, M. Ajroudi, A. Aouam, H. B. Brahim, A. Toumi, C. Loussaief, M. Chakroun
Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). TDF is generally well tolerated. It is eliminated by the combination of glomerular filtration and active renal tubular secretion. Thus, it can be responsible, in the medium and long term, of renal toxicity. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence of TDF nephrotoxicity and its factors risk in PLHIV treated in the Infectious Diseases Department at the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia.. Methods: An observational cross-sectional single-centre prospective study included 62 cases of HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing TDF was conducted between 1st August 2016 and 31 December 2016 at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, in Tunisia. During this period, patients were screened for renal dysfunction to detect renal toxicity, Tubular dysfunction or Fanconi syndrome. Results: 62 patients were included with female/male ratio at 1,52. The mean age was 39 years ± 8,5 years. Half of the patients were treated with TDF as first-line therapy. The average duration of TDF was 25 months, the duration was greater than 12 months in 40 (65%) patients. There was a decrease in creatinine clearance in 21 (33.8%) patients, the average of the decrease was 128,6 ±35,8 ml/min Proximal tubulopathy was noted in 1 patient (1.6%) and no patient had Fanconi syndrome. No risk factors for renal impairment under TDF were found. This finding could be explained by the small sample size Conclusion: TDF-related renal toxicity is often asymptomatic, it require early detection. In ours patient cases, TD is rare, but creatinine clearance decrease is frequent and may inform of possible TD in these patient. In order to reduce TDFtoxicity, a new pro-drug, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), is now available.
{"title":"Assessment of renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in people living with HIV in Tunisia","authors":"I. Kooli, M. Ajroudi, A. Aouam, H. B. Brahim, A. Toumi, C. Loussaief, M. Chakroun","doi":"10.3823/811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/811","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). TDF is generally well tolerated. It is eliminated by the combination of glomerular filtration and active renal tubular secretion. Thus, it can be responsible, in the medium and long term, of renal toxicity. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence of TDF nephrotoxicity and its factors risk in PLHIV treated in the Infectious Diseases Department at the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia.. \u0000Methods: An observational cross-sectional single-centre prospective study included 62 cases of HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing TDF was conducted between 1st August 2016 and 31 December 2016 at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, in Tunisia. During this period, patients were screened for renal dysfunction to detect renal toxicity, Tubular dysfunction or Fanconi syndrome. \u0000Results: 62 patients were included with female/male ratio at 1,52. The mean age was 39 years ± 8,5 years. Half of the patients were treated with TDF as first-line therapy. The average duration of TDF was 25 months, the duration was greater than 12 months in 40 (65%) patients. There was a decrease in creatinine clearance in 21 (33.8%) patients, the average of the decrease was 128,6 ±35,8 ml/min Proximal tubulopathy was noted in 1 patient (1.6%) and no patient had Fanconi syndrome. \u0000 No risk factors for renal impairment under TDF were found. This finding could be explained by the small sample size \u0000Conclusion: TDF-related renal toxicity is often asymptomatic, it require early detection. In ours patient cases, TD is rare, but creatinine clearance decrease is frequent and may inform of possible TD in these patient. In order to reduce TDFtoxicity, a new pro-drug, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), is now available.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87111319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reham Muin Abu Sneineh, A. Mahafzah, Nayef Abdallat, A. Shehabi
Background: Escherichia coli is part of the human intestine normal flora, although it has the potential of causing variety of invasive and diarrheal diseases. It is also a frequent cause of community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. Intestinal E. coli has the potential to develop rapidly multidrug resistant (MDR) and to emerge as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producer. Methods: Over the period of July through November, 2015; 287 stool samples were collected from Jordanian adults who visited the students’ clinic of the University of Jordan. Fecal samples were collected and cultured for isolation of E. coli. The isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection genes of ST131 clone, blaCTX-M group I, blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM-1, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaKPC and fluoroquinolones resistance (gyrA and parC). Results: A total of 105/287 E. coli isolates (36.6%) were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) to at least 3 classes of antibiotics, of these 45.1% were ESBL-producers. A total of 51 representative MDR isolates indicated the following; 49% were found positive for ST131 clone, 58.8% were resistant for ciprofloxacin, and 41.2% were positive for CTX-M group I and CTX-M-15, respectively. All these MDR isolates were also positive for mutated both gyrA and ParC genes, and only 6 / 51 isolates (11.8%) were positive for each blaNDM-1 and blaKPC. One out of 51 MDR isolates (2%) was positive for blaVIM, and none of these isolates was positive for blaIMP nor blaOXA-48 genes. Conclusion: This study indicated that a relatively high rates of commensal fecal E. coli isolates from Jordanian adults were MDR, ESBLs-producer and belonging to ST131 clone. Also, high rates of CTX-M-15 and fluoroquinolones resistance were found among MDR E. coli isolates.
{"title":"High incidence of multidrug-resistant fecal E. coli producing ESBLs and carried ST131 in Jordanian adults","authors":"Reham Muin Abu Sneineh, A. Mahafzah, Nayef Abdallat, A. Shehabi","doi":"10.3823/0810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/0810","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Escherichia coli is part of the human intestine normal flora, although it has the potential of causing variety of invasive and diarrheal diseases. It is also a frequent cause of community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. Intestinal E. coli has the potential to develop rapidly multidrug resistant (MDR) and to emerge as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producer. \u0000Methods: Over the period of July through November, 2015; 287 stool samples were collected from Jordanian adults who visited the students’ clinic of the University of Jordan. Fecal samples were collected and cultured for isolation of E. coli. The isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection genes of ST131 clone, blaCTX-M group I, blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM-1, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaKPC and fluoroquinolones resistance (gyrA and parC). \u0000Results: A total of 105/287 E. coli isolates (36.6%) were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) to at least 3 classes of antibiotics, of these 45.1% were ESBL-producers. A total of 51 representative MDR isolates indicated the following; 49% were found positive for ST131 clone, 58.8% were resistant for ciprofloxacin, and 41.2% were positive for CTX-M group I and CTX-M-15, respectively. All these MDR isolates were also positive for mutated both gyrA and ParC genes, and only 6 / 51 isolates (11.8%) were positive for each blaNDM-1 and blaKPC. One out of 51 MDR isolates (2%) was positive for blaVIM, and none of these isolates was positive for blaIMP nor blaOXA-48 genes. \u0000Conclusion: This study indicated that a relatively high rates of commensal fecal E. coli isolates from Jordanian adults were MDR, ESBLs-producer and belonging to ST131 clone. Also, high rates of CTX-M-15 and fluoroquinolones resistance were found among MDR E. coli isolates.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73015222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the microbiological data for effective infection control and specific antimicrobial stewardship, and to report the epidemiology of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections and the local antimicrobial resistance of pathogens Methods: Data were collected between January 2011 and October 2016 from the cardiology and cardiovascular surgery patients. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility analyses of clinical pathogenic isolates were determined by the automatic device system. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected increasingly and significantly (p=0.048) resistant to imipenem (IMP). Acinetobacter baumanii was found increasingly and significantly (p=0.045, p=0.030, p=0.006, p=0.027) resistant to amikacin (AN), gentamicin (GN), trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT) and tetracycline (TE), respectively. There was a significantly decrease in the resistant rates of IMP, piperacillin-tazobactam (TPZ), meropenem (MEM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) for Pseudomonas spp. (p=0.048). All gram-negative bacteria isolates showed significantly increasing resistance rates to cefepime (CEP) (p=0.015). Also, all gram-positive bacteria demonstrated significantly decreasing resistance rates to teicoplanin (TEC) (p=0.034). Conclusion: This study suggets that inadequacy of infection control measures such as hand hygiene and patient isolation may have contributed to increasing the rates of carbapenem-resistant K. pnemoniae (CR-KP) isolates in recent years. Antibiotic resistance rates among bacterial isolates from infected patients of intensive care unit over the period (2011-2016) in Bursa, Turkey Sanem Karadag Gecgel1, Necmiye Demircan2 1 Departments of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. 2 Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. Contact information: Sanem Karadag Gecgel. sanemkaradag@yahoo.com
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance rates among bacterial isolates from infected patients of intensive care unit over the period (2011-2016) in Bursa, Turkey","authors":"Sanem Karadag Gecgel, Necmiye Demircan","doi":"10.3823/0809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/0809","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the microbiological data for effective infection control and specific antimicrobial stewardship, and to report the epidemiology of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections and the local antimicrobial resistance of pathogens Methods: Data were collected between January 2011 and October 2016 from the cardiology and cardiovascular surgery patients. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility analyses of clinical pathogenic isolates were determined by the automatic device system. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected increasingly and significantly (p=0.048) resistant to imipenem (IMP). Acinetobacter baumanii was found increasingly and significantly (p=0.045, p=0.030, p=0.006, p=0.027) resistant to amikacin (AN), gentamicin (GN), trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT) and tetracycline (TE), respectively. There was a significantly decrease in the resistant rates of IMP, piperacillin-tazobactam (TPZ), meropenem (MEM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) for Pseudomonas spp. (p=0.048). All gram-negative bacteria isolates showed significantly increasing resistance rates to cefepime (CEP) (p=0.015). Also, all gram-positive bacteria demonstrated significantly decreasing resistance rates to teicoplanin (TEC) (p=0.034). Conclusion: This study suggets that inadequacy of infection control measures such as hand hygiene and patient isolation may have contributed to increasing the rates of carbapenem-resistant K. pnemoniae (CR-KP) isolates in recent years. Antibiotic resistance rates among bacterial isolates from infected patients of intensive care unit over the period (2011-2016) in Bursa, Turkey Sanem Karadag Gecgel1, Necmiye Demircan2 1 Departments of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. 2 Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey. Contact information: Sanem Karadag Gecgel. sanemkaradag@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73497373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jameela AlSalaman, Khadija M Alshehabi, S. Salah, F. Ahmed, H. Khudhair, Sajeda Sabt, Hussain Redha, Muneer Mahdi, Ali Madan, Noor AlBalooshi, H. Kamal
Objective: To describe the epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease during a 5-year period in a major hospital in Bahrain. Design and Setting: Retrospective study of cases of pneumococcal diseases among patient ≥ 14 years old during a five-year period (2010-2014), who attended Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain. Patients and Methods: Laboratory data was obtained on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Patients ≥14 years old of age, both inpatient and outpatient with cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae were included. Only samples from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid, sputum, deep tracheal aspirate (DTA), bronchial wash, eye discharge and middle ear fluid were included. Demographics and clinical records from medical files were then reviewed. Results: A total of 130 culture samples met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. One-hundred twenty-six patients with pneumococcal disease were identified; with 65% being non-invasive and 35% being invasive pneumococcal disease. Overall, non-bacteremic Pneumonia was the most frequent manifestation, followed by bacteremia. Pneumococcal disease was more common among male patients (62.7%). Mean age was 57.67 (15-95 years). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus followed by cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven patients received mechanical ventilation during their admission, 13 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 6 patients developed para-pneumonic effusion as a complication. In-hospital Mortality rate was 13.5%. Conclusion: This study supports the current literature where pneumococcal infection is more prevalent in elderly and those with comorbidities. Mortality was related to age, certain chronic medical illness, admission to intensive care unit and need for mechanical ventilation.
{"title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in a Tertiary Care Center in Bahrain (2010-2014)","authors":"Jameela AlSalaman, Khadija M Alshehabi, S. Salah, F. Ahmed, H. Khudhair, Sajeda Sabt, Hussain Redha, Muneer Mahdi, Ali Madan, Noor AlBalooshi, H. Kamal","doi":"10.3823/0808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3823/0808","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000To describe the epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease during a 5-year period in a major hospital in Bahrain. \u0000 \u0000Design and Setting: \u0000Retrospective study of cases of pneumococcal diseases among patient ≥ 14 years old during a five-year period (2010-2014), who attended Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain. \u0000 \u0000Patients and Methods: \u0000Laboratory data was obtained on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Patients ≥14 years old of age, both inpatient and outpatient with cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae were included. Only samples from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid, sputum, deep tracheal aspirate (DTA), bronchial wash, eye discharge and middle ear fluid were included. Demographics and clinical records from medical files were then reviewed. \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000A total of 130 culture samples met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. One-hundred twenty-six patients with pneumococcal disease were identified; with 65% being non-invasive and 35% being invasive pneumococcal disease. Overall, non-bacteremic Pneumonia was the most frequent manifestation, followed by bacteremia. Pneumococcal disease was more common among male patients (62.7%). Mean age was 57.67 (15-95 years). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus followed by cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven patients received mechanical ventilation during their admission, 13 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 6 patients developed para-pneumonic effusion as a complication. In-hospital Mortality rate was 13.5%. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: \u0000This study supports the current literature where pneumococcal infection is more prevalent in elderly and those with comorbidities. Mortality was related to age, certain chronic medical illness, admission to intensive care unit and need for mechanical ventilation.","PeriodicalId":22518,"journal":{"name":"The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80976921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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