Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal最新文献

{"title":"The effect of oral uptake of nicotine in snus on peripheral skin blood circulation evaluated by thermography.","authors":"Ina Isabella Høiland, Louis de Weerd, James B Mercer","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.984553","DOIUrl":"10.4161/23328940.2014.984553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While health risks from smoking cigarettes are well known, little is known about the health risks of using smokeless tobacco (ST). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect that ST in the form of oral use of snus with nicotine and snus without nicotine has on peripheral skin blood circulation. 21 young habitual users of snus with nicotine participated in this study. Under controlled conditions the subjects were exposed to a 30 minute period of oral use of snus with nicotine (SN+) and snus without nicotine (SN-). The peripheral skin blood circulation was indirectly monitored on the hands by measuring skin temperature using infrared thermography. The skin blood circulation in the hands showed a statistical significant decrease in the SN+ experiments, while skin blood circulation was hardly effected in the SN- experiments. It is concluded that the use of smokeless tobacco in the form of oral use of snus containing nicotine causes a decrease in peripheral skin blood circulation while such an effect is not seen in snus without nicotine. This knowledge may be of use when treating patients that require adequate peripheral skin circulation or in the military when soldiers are exposed cold conditions. </p>","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5008709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73519947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphetamine- and methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia: Implications of the effects produced in brain vasculature and peripheral organs to forebrain neurotoxicity","authors":"J. Bowyer, J. Hanig","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.982049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014.982049","url":null,"abstract":"The adverse effects of amphetamine- (AMPH) and methamphetamine- (METH) induced hyperthermia on vasculature, peripheral organs and peripheral immune system are discussed. Hyperthermia alone does not produce amphetamine-like neurotoxicity but AMPH and METH exposures that do not produce hyperthermia (≥40°C) are minimally neurotoxic. Hyperthermia likely enhances AMPH and METH neurotoxicity directly through disruption of protein function, ion channels and enhanced ROS production. Forebrain neurotoxicity can also be indirectly influenced through the effects of AMPH- and METH- induced hyperthermia on vasculature. The hyperthermia and the hypertension produced by high doses amphetamines are a primary cause of transient breakdowns in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) resulting in concomitant regional neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in laboratory animals. This BBB breakdown can occur in the amygdala, thalamus, striatum, sensory and motor cortex and hippocampus. Under these conditions, repetitive seizures greatly enhance neurodegeneration in hippocampus, thalamus and amygdala. Even when the BBB is less disrupted, AMPH- or METH- induced hyperthermia effects on brain vasculature may play a role in neurotoxicity. In this case, striatal and cortical vascular function are adversely affected, and even greater ROS, immune and damage responses are seen in the meninges and cortical surface vasculature. Finally, muscle and liver damage and elevated cytokines in blood can result when amphetamines produce hyperthermia. Proteins, from damaged muscle may activate the peripheral immune system and exacerbate liver damage. Liver damage can further increase cytokine levels, immune system activation and increase ammonia levels. These effects could potentially enhance vascular damage and neurotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91108712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The heat is on: Molecular mechanisms of drug-induced hyperthermia","authors":"Christine K. Dao, Sara M. Nowinski, E. Mills","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.985953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014.985953","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoregulation is an essential homeostatic process in which critical mechanisms of heat production and dissipation are controlled centrally in large part by the hypothalamus and peripherally by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Drugs that disrupt the components of this highly orchestrated multi-organ process can lead to life-threatening hyperthermia. In most cases, hyperthermic agents raise body temperature by increasing the central and peripheral release of thermoregulatory neurotransmitters that ultimately lead to heat production in thermogenic effector organs skeletal muscle (SKM) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In many cases hyperthermic drugs also decrease heat dissipation through peripheral changes in blood flow. Drug-induced heat production is driven by the stimulation of mechanisms that normally regulate the adaptive thermogenic responses including both shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) mechanisms. Modulation of the mitochondrial electrochemical proton/pH gradient by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in BAT is the most well characterized mechanism of NST in response to cold, and may contribute to thermogenesis induced by sympathomimetic agents, but this is far from established. However, the UCP1 homologue, UCP3, and the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) are established mediators of toxicant-induced hyperthermia in SKM. Defining the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate drug-induced hyperthermia will be essential in developing treatment modalities for thermogenic illnesses. This review will briefly summarize mechanisms of thermoregulation and provide a survey of pharmacologic agents that can lead to hyperthermia. We will also provide an overview of the established and candidate molecular mechanisms that regulate the actual thermogenic processes in heat effector organs BAT and SKM.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83284573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of MDMA on body temperature in humans","authors":"M. Liechti","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.955433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014.955433","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperthermia is a severe complication associated with the recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy). In this review, the clinical laboratory studies that tested the effects of MDMA on body temperature are summarized. The mechanisms that underlie the hyperthermic effects of MDMA in humans and treatment of severe hyperthermia are presented. The data show that MDMA produces an acute and dose-dependent rise in core body temperature in healthy subjects. The increase in body temperature is in the range of 0.2-0.8°C and does not result in hyperpyrexia (>40°C) in a controlled laboratory setting. However, moderately hyperthermic body temperatures >38.0°C occur frequently at higher doses, even in the absence of physical activity and at room temperature. MDMA primarily releases serotonin and norepinephrine. Mechanistic clinical studies indicate that the MDMA-induced elevations in body temperature in humans partially depend on the MDMA-induced release of norepinephrine and involve enhanced metabolic heat generation and cutaneous vasoconstriction, resulting in impaired heat dissipation. The mediating role of serotonin is unclear. The management of sympathomimetic toxicity and associated hyperthermia mainly includes sedation with benzodiazepines and intravenous fluid replacement. Severe hyperthermia should primarily be treated with additional cooling and mechanical ventilation.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90265775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balanced excitation and inhibition in temperature responses to meth","authors":"Y. Molkov, D. Zaretsky","doi":"10.4161/2167549X.2014.968483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/2167549X.2014.968483","url":null,"abstract":"Fatal hyperthermia after administration of various amphetamines is well-known clinical phenomenon, however, there is no consistent theory explaining its etiology and/or pathogenesis. Dose-dependence of temperature responses to methamphetamine is intricate. Recently, using mathematical modeling it was suggested that delicate interplay of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms underlies this complexity.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80624531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-dependent and environmental modulation of brain hyperthermic effects of psychoactive drugs of abuse","authors":"E. Kiyatkin","doi":"10.4161/23328940.2014.969074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/23328940.2014.969074","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperthermia is a known effect induced by psychomotor stimulants and pathological hyperthermia is a prominent symptom of acute intoxication with these drugs in humans. In this manuscript, I will review our recent work concerning the brain hyperthermic effects of several known and recently appeared psychostimulant drugs of abuse (cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA, methylone, and MDPV). Specifically, I will consider the role of activity state and environmental conditions in modulating the brain temperature effects of these drugs and their acute toxicity. Although some of these drugs are structurally similar and interact with the same brain substrates, there are important differences in their temperature effects in quiet resting conditions and the type of modulation of these temperature effects under conditions that mimic basic aspects of human drug use (social interaction, moderately warm environments). These data could be important for understanding the potential dangers of each drug and ultimately preventing adverse health complications associated with acute drug-induced intoxication.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77231482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Szilárd Donhoffer (1902–1999)","authors":"Z. Szelényi, M. Székely","doi":"10.4161/TEMP.29516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/TEMP.29516","url":null,"abstract":"The authors summarize the main events in the long life of Szilárd Donhoffer and his importance in founding thermoregulatory research at Pécs, Hungary.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88850251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A first-hand account by the international participants of the past 75 years’ advancements in thermophysiology is forthcoming","authors":"C. Blatteis","doi":"10.4161/TEMP.29598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/TEMP.29598","url":null,"abstract":"The past 60 years have witnessed remarkable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that control body temperature, but except for brief historical background chapters occasionally included in didactic monographs and symposia proceedings, no book, to my best knowledge, has yet been published on the “makers” of thermal physiology. Thermal physiology is an integrative science, and this is what makes the field so fascinating and its history so engrossing. Indeed, when I entered the field as a graduate student in 1954, it was a popular area of research among scientists of all stripes cardiovascular, respiratory, musculo-skeletal, nervous, endocrine and other physiologists as well as biochemists, biophysicists, and psychologists all contributing their expertise toward elucidating the role of their particular specialty in controlling body temperature. Their interest was, in part, a continuation of their then still recent wartime experiences when many had served in military laboratories studying the effects of harsh environments on soldiers’ performance. I had the privilege of knowing personally most of the principal players both in the USA and abroad—many sadly now gone—over my 60 years in the field and I recall reasonably well the various steps of our journey of discovery. Right now seemed to me, therefore, an opportune time to recapitulate the history of thermal physiology for the benefit of those among the current generation of workers in all disciplines now involved in our field as well as of others who may be interested in learning about the research that has led to our current knowledge of how the body maintains its temperature. I felt reasonably safe that I could recount with adequate authority and authenticity the American contribution to this history. But my contemporaries in the UK, Germany, Japan, etc. have naturally had closer and more continuous relationships with their own compatriots and, therefore, can reflect on them with greater authority than I. Those that I approached have graciously agreed to be contributors to this history. This book is not meant to be a definitive, exhaustive treatise of the worldwide history of temperature regulation research since its beginning, but rather a personal recounting of, in particular, the people who contributed to its development, told from the memory and subjective perspective of witnesses to it who, moreover, were themselves major participants. That is to say, this book will present the global history of thermal physiology not as a dry recompilation of already well known, published facts, but rather as a lively account from the personal, almost autobiographical viewpoint of the invited contributors, so that not only the important contributions of the scientists that will be recalled may be highlighted, but also so that some insight into their persona and how they thought and worked may be gained. Several of the chapters are already in; they are written in the unique style and from the perso","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85183238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The legacy of Carl Vincent Gisolfi in temperature regulation","authors":"C. Tipton, K. Kregel","doi":"10.4161/temp.29005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/temp.29005","url":null,"abstract":"Carl Vincent Gisolfi (1942–2008) was a Distinguished Professor of Exercise Science at the University of Iowa whose contributions included mentoring future investigators and seminal studies in the areas of thermoregulation during exercise, responses of the diencephalon to elevated temperatures, fluid absorption during heat stress, and the role of heat shock proteins in circulatory failure.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80551202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New research journals are needed and can compete with titans","authors":"A. A. Romanovsky","doi":"10.4161/TEMP.27666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/TEMP.27666","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial marks the starting point for a new journal, Temperature. This latest addition to the Landes Bioscience collection of research journals will be a multidisciplinary publication focused on the interactions between living matter and temperature. The first question, however, that the reader is likely to have is not about the journal’s thematic boundaries. The first question is likely to be: “Why do we need another journal?” The News section of Science recently published a report about a bogus “research article,” which was intentionally packed with deep flaws and then submitted to many new open-access journals; 150 of them rapidly accepted this “piece of wisdom.” At first, you may be surprised that so many journals are willing to publish junk, but your surprise will fade away rather quickly when you recollect how many e-mail messages you deleted today that contained an invitation to publish in a new online journal founded by some fairytale magician in a beautiful land far, far away. Don’t we already have many (perhaps too many) high-quality, well-established research journals run by authoritative academic societies and published by reputable companies? Surely, they can satisfy any publishing need imaginable for every scientist who dares to write something! And so I thought too—initially. But as I thought more, I realized that not all my publishing needs, however modest they may be, are readily met by the good old journals. This editorial will address one feature that is missing from nearly all large journals, at least for people interested in temperature.","PeriodicalId":22565,"journal":{"name":"Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88246402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}