Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1186/s41936-024-00354-0
Nachamada Solomon Emmanuel, Ibrahim Gaya Bako, Ibrahim Samaila Malgwi, Yusuf Tanko, Ejike Daniel Eze, Hajara Ali Umar, Munira Aliyu, Abdulmalik Muhammad, Aliyu Mohammed
Changes induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) can negatively impact milk production and secretion, among other adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MSG consumption on receptor gene expression and quantification of hormones and receptors, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers and other lactogenic parameters in lactating animals. Twenty-four female Wistar rats, nine weeks of age, were randomly assigned to four groups, each containing six rats, at parturition. The rats in groups II, III, and IV were given varying doses of monosodium glutamate (MSG); while, group I was given distilled water and served as the control. The experimental period lasted two (2) weeks. The groups administered with MSG showed a significant decrease in mammary PRLR gene expression (p < 0.05), as well as a marked reduction (p < 0.05) in mammary PRLR, OXT receptor, AQP-3, brain antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT), and pituitary SOD compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in reactive oxygen species levels in the serum and mammary gland homogenates, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, and elevated (p < 0.05) brain and pituitary MDA levels in the MSG-administered groups compared to the control group. Daily milk yields were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the MSG-administered groups between days 10 and 14 of lactation. The findings of this study suggest that prolonged consumption of MSG could interfere with lactation-associated functions via increased ROS production, reduced antioxidants, decreased AQP-3, mammary prolactin and oxytocin receptors, and prolactin receptor mRNA in lactating Wistar rats.
{"title":"Preliminary monosodium glutamate-induced changes in mammary gland receptors and gene expression, water channel, oxidative stress, and some lactogenic biomarkers in lactating rats","authors":"Nachamada Solomon Emmanuel, Ibrahim Gaya Bako, Ibrahim Samaila Malgwi, Yusuf Tanko, Ejike Daniel Eze, Hajara Ali Umar, Munira Aliyu, Abdulmalik Muhammad, Aliyu Mohammed","doi":"10.1186/s41936-024-00354-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-024-00354-0","url":null,"abstract":"Changes induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) can negatively impact milk production and secretion, among other adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MSG consumption on receptor gene expression and quantification of hormones and receptors, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers and other lactogenic parameters in lactating animals. Twenty-four female Wistar rats, nine weeks of age, were randomly assigned to four groups, each containing six rats, at parturition. The rats in groups II, III, and IV were given varying doses of monosodium glutamate (MSG); while, group I was given distilled water and served as the control. The experimental period lasted two (2) weeks. The groups administered with MSG showed a significant decrease in mammary PRLR gene expression (p < 0.05), as well as a marked reduction (p < 0.05) in mammary PRLR, OXT receptor, AQP-3, brain antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT), and pituitary SOD compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in reactive oxygen species levels in the serum and mammary gland homogenates, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, and elevated (p < 0.05) brain and pituitary MDA levels in the MSG-administered groups compared to the control group. Daily milk yields were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the MSG-administered groups between days 10 and 14 of lactation. The findings of this study suggest that prolonged consumption of MSG could interfere with lactation-associated functions via increased ROS production, reduced antioxidants, decreased AQP-3, mammary prolactin and oxytocin receptors, and prolactin receptor mRNA in lactating Wistar rats. ","PeriodicalId":22591,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139769826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1186/s41936-024-00353-1
Mariam El Joubari, Anass Louah, Oumnia Himmi
The present study conducted on mosquitoes in the region of Restinga Smir, located in the north-west of Morocco, attempts to provide a scientific platform for an appropriate mosquito control plan for this tourism spot. The aim of this plan is to perfect the methods of the means of mosquito control for an effective fight against mosquitoes in this area, known for their strong nuisance (bites) and their ability to transmit several deadly diseases. Monitoring of mosquito species in the Smir marshes, especially those of public health interest, shows that they are distributed differently in the permanent and temporary environments. The establishment and analysis of their development cycles shows that their periods of activity in the different stations of the study area overlap in several cases, especially in the permanent stations. The study of the resistance of these species to the organophosphate insecticides commonly used for mosquito control in the region allowed to conclude the doses of insecticides (LC 90) that could be used for this mosquito control programme. The proposed mosquito control programme gives an estimate of the timing of larval treatments and the insecticides that may be used. This plan was concluded based on the results obtained from the study of life cycles, spatial and temporal distribution of mosquitoes in the Smir area and their resistance to the organophosphate insecticides most used by public health services.
{"title":"Proposal of a mosquito control plan of Smir-Restinga region (north-west of Morocco)","authors":"Mariam El Joubari, Anass Louah, Oumnia Himmi","doi":"10.1186/s41936-024-00353-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-024-00353-1","url":null,"abstract":"The present study conducted on mosquitoes in the region of Restinga Smir, located in the north-west of Morocco, attempts to provide a scientific platform for an appropriate mosquito control plan for this tourism spot. The aim of this plan is to perfect the methods of the means of mosquito control for an effective fight against mosquitoes in this area, known for their strong nuisance (bites) and their ability to transmit several deadly diseases. Monitoring of mosquito species in the Smir marshes, especially those of public health interest, shows that they are distributed differently in the permanent and temporary environments. The establishment and analysis of their development cycles shows that their periods of activity in the different stations of the study area overlap in several cases, especially in the permanent stations. The study of the resistance of these species to the organophosphate insecticides commonly used for mosquito control in the region allowed to conclude the doses of insecticides (LC 90) that could be used for this mosquito control programme. The proposed mosquito control programme gives an estimate of the timing of larval treatments and the insecticides that may be used. This plan was concluded based on the results obtained from the study of life cycles, spatial and temporal distribution of mosquitoes in the Smir area and their resistance to the organophosphate insecticides most used by public health services.","PeriodicalId":22591,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139769916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1186/s41936-024-00352-2
Esam M. Emara, Maher A. El-Sawaf, Rasha F. Khalifa
Acrylamide derivatives have a potential biological activity as well as acting as precursors in many organic syntheses. Moreover, acrylamides and their derivatives cause convulsions and diffused damage to different sections of the nervous system of infected animals. Novel copper and zinc chelates originated from (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-cyanoacrylamide (L1), and (E)-2-cyano-3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylamide (L2) were prepared, and their chemical skeletons were identified by infrared and mass spectra. The obtained compounds were screened in vitro against the brown garden snail, Eobania vermiculata using the contact method along 72 h. Stock solutions of tested compounds were prepared utilizing distilled water and DMSO mixture, and four concentrations of each compound were prepared (50, 150, 250 and 350 ppm). Eobania vermiculata snails were treated with LC50 concentrations of prepared compounds for 3 days, and live snails were used to estimate the level of some liver and mucous secretion enzymatic biomarkers: transaminases enzymes (Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)), Total Protein content (TP), Acid Phosphatases (ACP) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). The results demonstrated that the examined compounds have a relatively toxic effect toward the screened species. Zinc complexes displayed a higher toxicity than copper ones. The results authenticated considerable high effects of the synthesized compounds on investigated enzymes. The promising effects of Cu(II), Zn(II) complexes (1, 2) on stimulating the mucous secretion of tested snails are clear through the elevated levels of ALP and ACP enzymes of treated snails. The enhancement or reduction of AST, ALT level and TP content of treated snails demonstrated the effects of prepared compounds on liver functions of these species.
{"title":"Liver and mucous secretion enzymatic biomarkers of Eobania vermiculata treated with some newly synthesized acrylamide derivatives","authors":"Esam M. Emara, Maher A. El-Sawaf, Rasha F. Khalifa","doi":"10.1186/s41936-024-00352-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-024-00352-2","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylamide derivatives have a potential biological activity as well as acting as precursors in many organic syntheses. Moreover, acrylamides and their derivatives cause convulsions and diffused damage to different sections of the nervous system of infected animals. Novel copper and zinc chelates originated from (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-cyanoacrylamide (L1), and (E)-2-cyano-3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylamide (L2) were prepared, and their chemical skeletons were identified by infrared and mass spectra. The obtained compounds were screened in vitro against the brown garden snail, Eobania vermiculata using the contact method along 72 h. Stock solutions of tested compounds were prepared utilizing distilled water and DMSO mixture, and four concentrations of each compound were prepared (50, 150, 250 and 350 ppm). Eobania vermiculata snails were treated with LC50 concentrations of prepared compounds for 3 days, and live snails were used to estimate the level of some liver and mucous secretion enzymatic biomarkers: transaminases enzymes (Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)), Total Protein content (TP), Acid Phosphatases (ACP) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). The results demonstrated that the examined compounds have a relatively toxic effect toward the screened species. Zinc complexes displayed a higher toxicity than copper ones. The results authenticated considerable high effects of the synthesized compounds on investigated enzymes. The promising effects of Cu(II), Zn(II) complexes (1, 2) on stimulating the mucous secretion of tested snails are clear through the elevated levels of ALP and ACP enzymes of treated snails. The enhancement or reduction of AST, ALT level and TP content of treated snails demonstrated the effects of prepared compounds on liver functions of these species.","PeriodicalId":22591,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139689914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.1186/s41936-023-00351-9
Amany A. Sayed
The present study pointed to evaluate the role of Triticum aestivum ethanolic extract (TAEE) in prophylactic and curative regimens on sodium oxalate (NaOx)-prompted lithiasis. Forty-eight rats were divided into the following regimen’s group (24 rats/regimen). Groups I, II, III, and IV served as prophylactic groups and divided as: group I is a vehicle control received 5% DMSO (vehicle). All the remaining groups received NaOx (70 mg/kg b.wt; i.p.). Group II is NaOx lithiatic group, groups III and IV received TAEE and cystone prophylactically at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg b.wt, respectively, since 1st day to 7th day of lithiasis stimulation. Groups V, VI, VII, and VIII served as curative groups that divided as the prophylactic ones but TAEE and cystone administered from 7th day to 14th day of lithiasis stimulation. Lithiatic rats co-/post-treated with TAEE and cystone raised the urinary volume significantly. Also, TAEE showed modulatory effect in inhibiting and curative stone creation. Significant decreases were observed in the calcium and phosphate contents in urine or serum beside the increased magnesium value in lithiatic rats co-/post-treated with TAEE. TAEE significantly ameliorates the kidney function markers, which proposes its antilithiatic role. Moreover, lithiatic rats co-/post-treated with TAEE significantly diminished oxidative injury evoked by NaOx. TAEE has antilithiatic role that may be returned to its diuretic and antioxidant activity in addition to its bioactive components including ferulic acid and phytic acid that have the inhibitory properties on crystallization calcium oxalate by lowering the content of stone promotor constituents.
{"title":"Antilithiatic effect of Triticum aestivum against sodium oxalate-induced lithiasis in rat model","authors":"Amany A. Sayed","doi":"10.1186/s41936-023-00351-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-023-00351-9","url":null,"abstract":"The present study pointed to evaluate the role of Triticum aestivum ethanolic extract (TAEE) in prophylactic and curative regimens on sodium oxalate (NaOx)-prompted lithiasis. Forty-eight rats were divided into the following regimen’s group (24 rats/regimen). Groups I, II, III, and IV served as prophylactic groups and divided as: group I is a vehicle control received 5% DMSO (vehicle). All the remaining groups received NaOx (70 mg/kg b.wt; i.p.). Group II is NaOx lithiatic group, groups III and IV received TAEE and cystone prophylactically at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg b.wt, respectively, since 1st day to 7th day of lithiasis stimulation. Groups V, VI, VII, and VIII served as curative groups that divided as the prophylactic ones but TAEE and cystone administered from 7th day to 14th day of lithiasis stimulation. Lithiatic rats co-/post-treated with TAEE and cystone raised the urinary volume significantly. Also, TAEE showed modulatory effect in inhibiting and curative stone creation. Significant decreases were observed in the calcium and phosphate contents in urine or serum beside the increased magnesium value in lithiatic rats co-/post-treated with TAEE. TAEE significantly ameliorates the kidney function markers, which proposes its antilithiatic role. Moreover, lithiatic rats co-/post-treated with TAEE significantly diminished oxidative injury evoked by NaOx. TAEE has antilithiatic role that may be returned to its diuretic and antioxidant activity in addition to its bioactive components including ferulic acid and phytic acid that have the inhibitory properties on crystallization calcium oxalate by lowering the content of stone promotor constituents.","PeriodicalId":22591,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1186/s41936-023-00350-w
Doaa Shehata Mohamed, Nawal A. Al-Fuhaid, Ahmed Abdou O. Abeed, Ahmed M. A. Ibrahim
Abstract Background Mosquitoes cause a variety of health problems in humans and pets. So, the control of mosquito larvae is one of the best ways to avoid health problems arising from diseases transmitted by these insects. There are various control mechanisms including mechanical, biological and chemical control. The latter, despite the presence of some obstacles associated with its use, is preferred because of its ability to supply rapid management results. Result A novel laboratory-synthesized chemical compound containing pyrazole and pyridine moieties (pyrazole–pyridine derivatives, PPD) was used to control and address the biological effects on Culex pipiens mosquito second larval instar. A sublethal concentration (LC30) of PPD inhibited larval growth by about 50%. Furthermore, the developmental time of larvae into pupae and the emergence of adults from the pupal stages were increased by about 20% and 17%, respectively. The ultrastructural studies on the midgut cells revealed that treated larvae suffered dramatic degeneration in the gastric caeca and the posterior midgut cells, while the anterior midgut epithelium appeared with an abundance of lysosomal activities. Additionally, treated larvae showed fluctuated activities in the levels of the detoxifying enzymes and increased levels in total antioxidants. Conclusions These results clearly show that pyrazole and pyridine moieties containing compounds can be used against larval stages of C. pipiens.
{"title":"A novel pyrazole–pyridine derivative (PPD) targets specific biological pathways in the larval stages of the northern house mosquito Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Doaa Shehata Mohamed, Nawal A. Al-Fuhaid, Ahmed Abdou O. Abeed, Ahmed M. A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1186/s41936-023-00350-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-023-00350-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Mosquitoes cause a variety of health problems in humans and pets. So, the control of mosquito larvae is one of the best ways to avoid health problems arising from diseases transmitted by these insects. There are various control mechanisms including mechanical, biological and chemical control. The latter, despite the presence of some obstacles associated with its use, is preferred because of its ability to supply rapid management results. Result A novel laboratory-synthesized chemical compound containing pyrazole and pyridine moieties (pyrazole–pyridine derivatives, PPD) was used to control and address the biological effects on Culex pipiens mosquito second larval instar. A sublethal concentration (LC30) of PPD inhibited larval growth by about 50%. Furthermore, the developmental time of larvae into pupae and the emergence of adults from the pupal stages were increased by about 20% and 17%, respectively. The ultrastructural studies on the midgut cells revealed that treated larvae suffered dramatic degeneration in the gastric caeca and the posterior midgut cells, while the anterior midgut epithelium appeared with an abundance of lysosomal activities. Additionally, treated larvae showed fluctuated activities in the levels of the detoxifying enzymes and increased levels in total antioxidants. Conclusions These results clearly show that pyrazole and pyridine moieties containing compounds can be used against larval stages of C. pipiens.","PeriodicalId":22591,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.1186/s41936-023-00346-6
John G. Mwaura, Clabe Wekesa, Kiprotich Kelvin, Ang’ienda Paul, Philip A. Ogutu, Patrick Okoth
Abstract Background Nile tilapia has a variety of phenotypes suitable for aquaculture farming, yet its entire gene pool with potential for breeding climate ready strains in resource-limited settings remains scanty and poorly documented. SNP calling has become increasingly popular in molecular genetic studies due to their abundance and precision in estimating and identifying an organism’s genetic makeup. SNPs are versatile in trait-specific breeding, which, in contrast to pedigree breeding, is affordable and speeds up genetic advancement by allowing animals to be used as parents sooner. Results Clustering analysis revealed a strong correlation between the experimental sample, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis aureus and Betta splendens . Three other species indicated evolutionary independence. Comparative genomics identified similarities between fishes with common genetic and evolutionary ancestry, allowing for better adaptation to local environmental conditions. Some of the selected genes exhibiting substantial effect on immunity include: Prxs , MMR1 like , ZMYM4-like partial ; stress-reactive genes including: PALLD-like gene, LPLBAG6-like and growth-related genes including: NF1x like , PEDF and CL like . Experimental sample, O. niloticus, O. aureas and Danio rerio , can hybridize in their natural environments bringing about genetic admixture ancestry that hybridizes new genes which confer beneficial phenotypes. Conclusion Breeding for specific traits could be a useful addition to aquaculture to allow expansion of the ecological niche and genetic base for tilapia. Some of the beneficial genes that can be hybridized include Slc25a24 and Slc12member 10 , tandem duplicate 1 , for salinity tolerance and Abca1, bcl2a and mylk13 for hypoxia tolerance. Breeders should introduce beneficial traits into fish breeds to ensure they are climate ready and able to weather climate shocks. This will allow aquaculture to contribute to food and nutrition security in line with SDG2 and improve the economic status of fish-farming communities in the Global South countries.
尼罗罗非鱼具有多种适合水产养殖的表型，但其整个基因库具有在资源有限的环境中繁殖气候就绪菌株的潜力，并且文献记录不足。SNP呼叫在分子遗传学研究中越来越受欢迎，因为它们在估计和识别生物体的基因组成方面丰富而精确。单核苷酸多态性在性状特异性育种中是通用的，与纯种育种相比，这是负担得起的，并且通过允许动物更快地被用作父母来加速遗传进步。结果聚类分析结果显示，实验样品与尼罗提鱼、金黄色Oreochromis和甜菜精之间存在较强的相关性。另外三个物种表现出进化上的独立性。比较基因组学发现了具有共同遗传和进化祖先的鱼类之间的相似性，从而可以更好地适应当地的环境条件。一些选择的对免疫有实质性影响的基因包括:Prxs、MMR1样、zmym4样部分;应激反应基因包括:pld样基因、lplbag6样基因和生长相关基因包括:NF1x样基因、PEDF样基因和CL样基因。实验样品O. niloticus, O. aureas和Danio rerio可以在自然环境中杂交，产生遗传混合祖先，杂交出新的基因，从而产生有益的表型。结论对罗非鱼进行特殊性状的选育是扩大罗非鱼生态位和遗传基础的有益补充。一些可以杂交的有益基因包括Slc25a24和slc12成员10，串联重复1，耐盐性和Abca1, bcl2a和mylk13耐缺氧性。育种者应该在鱼类品种中引入有益的性状，以确保它们能够适应气候变化，并能够抵御气候冲击。这将使水产养殖能够根据可持续发展目标2为粮食和营养安全作出贡献，并改善全球南方国家养鱼社区的经济状况。
{"title":"Pangenomics of the cichlid species (Oreochromis niloticus) reveals genetic admixture ancestry with potential for aquaculture improvement in Kenya","authors":"John G. Mwaura, Clabe Wekesa, Kiprotich Kelvin, Ang’ienda Paul, Philip A. Ogutu, Patrick Okoth","doi":"10.1186/s41936-023-00346-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-023-00346-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Nile tilapia has a variety of phenotypes suitable for aquaculture farming, yet its entire gene pool with potential for breeding climate ready strains in resource-limited settings remains scanty and poorly documented. SNP calling has become increasingly popular in molecular genetic studies due to their abundance and precision in estimating and identifying an organism’s genetic makeup. SNPs are versatile in trait-specific breeding, which, in contrast to pedigree breeding, is affordable and speeds up genetic advancement by allowing animals to be used as parents sooner. Results Clustering analysis revealed a strong correlation between the experimental sample, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis aureus and Betta splendens . Three other species indicated evolutionary independence. Comparative genomics identified similarities between fishes with common genetic and evolutionary ancestry, allowing for better adaptation to local environmental conditions. Some of the selected genes exhibiting substantial effect on immunity include: Prxs , MMR1 like , ZMYM4-like partial ; stress-reactive genes including: PALLD-like gene, LPLBAG6-like and growth-related genes including: NF1x like , PEDF and CL like . Experimental sample, O. niloticus, O. aureas and Danio rerio , can hybridize in their natural environments bringing about genetic admixture ancestry that hybridizes new genes which confer beneficial phenotypes. Conclusion Breeding for specific traits could be a useful addition to aquaculture to allow expansion of the ecological niche and genetic base for tilapia. Some of the beneficial genes that can be hybridized include Slc25a24 and Slc12member 10 , tandem duplicate 1 , for salinity tolerance and Abca1, bcl2a and mylk13 for hypoxia tolerance. Breeders should introduce beneficial traits into fish breeds to ensure they are climate ready and able to weather climate shocks. This will allow aquaculture to contribute to food and nutrition security in line with SDG2 and improve the economic status of fish-farming communities in the Global South countries.","PeriodicalId":22591,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background Plastic's remarkable durability presents a significant challenge for our planet, leading to widespread environmental damage. However, some organisms, such as Galleria mellonella larvae, have shown a unique capability to consume and degrade plastic, offering potential solutions to plastic pollution. In this study, we investigated the response of G. mellonella larvae to different diets, including artificial diet (AD), polyethylene low density mixed with AD (PELD + AD), and PELD alone. Using various microscopy techniques, we examined the larvae's hemocyte hemogram and mid-gut characteristics to understand their immune response and digestive system when exposed to plastic. Results The results revealed that PELD-only feeding negatively impacted hemocyte immunity, resulting in a significant decrease in total hemocyte counts compared to AD and AD + PELD feeding. Moreover, plastic consumption induced differential hemocyte alterations, affecting specific cell types. The presence of phagosomes in larval hemocytes and mid-gut cells during PELD-only feeding suggested active involvement in plastic breakdown. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential of G. mellonella larvae as a model organism to study responses to pollutants, emphasizing the urgent need to address plastic pollution's global threat. Further investigation is warranted to explore larval deformities, weight loss, and appetite changes, potentially influencing mortality rates and enzyme biochemistry. Understanding the impacts of plastic ingestion on G. mellonella larvae is crucial to develop effective strategies for mitigating plastic pollution's ecological implications.
{"title":"Evaluation of Galleria mellonella immune response as a key step toward plastic degradation","authors":"Abeer Elmekawy, Mohamed Elshehaby, Samy Saber, Tahany Ayaad","doi":"10.1186/s41936-023-00349-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-023-00349-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Plastic's remarkable durability presents a significant challenge for our planet, leading to widespread environmental damage. However, some organisms, such as Galleria mellonella larvae, have shown a unique capability to consume and degrade plastic, offering potential solutions to plastic pollution. In this study, we investigated the response of G. mellonella larvae to different diets, including artificial diet (AD), polyethylene low density mixed with AD (PELD + AD), and PELD alone. Using various microscopy techniques, we examined the larvae's hemocyte hemogram and mid-gut characteristics to understand their immune response and digestive system when exposed to plastic. Results The results revealed that PELD-only feeding negatively impacted hemocyte immunity, resulting in a significant decrease in total hemocyte counts compared to AD and AD + PELD feeding. Moreover, plastic consumption induced differential hemocyte alterations, affecting specific cell types. The presence of phagosomes in larval hemocytes and mid-gut cells during PELD-only feeding suggested active involvement in plastic breakdown. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential of G. mellonella larvae as a model organism to study responses to pollutants, emphasizing the urgent need to address plastic pollution's global threat. Further investigation is warranted to explore larval deformities, weight loss, and appetite changes, potentially influencing mortality rates and enzyme biochemistry. Understanding the impacts of plastic ingestion on G. mellonella larvae is crucial to develop effective strategies for mitigating plastic pollution's ecological implications.","PeriodicalId":22591,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1186/s41936-023-00348-4
Sohail Abbas, Muneer Abbas, Aleena Alam, Xiao Feng, Ali Raza, Muhammad Shakeel, Weibo Qin, Xiao Han, Rizhao Chen
Abstract Background Coccinella septempunctata (L.) is an important predator in fighting against aphids on edible crops and vegetables. However, to establish a successful mass-rearing technique, it is crucial to determine the optimal diets for larvae, pupae, and adults in terms of fecundity, longevity, and ingredient ratios. The current study aims to learn more about the biology of ladybird beetle using both artificial and natural food components. Results This study tested six different ratios of natural and artificial diets, ranging from a natural aphid diet to a variety of artificial diets containing protein hydrolyzate, casein protein, honey, dry aphids, yeast, and agar. The results showed that the natural diet (D1) produced from aphids showed approximately 290.2 eggs, while artificial diets D2 and D4 produced 56.5 and 40.2 eggs, respectively. The effect of different diets on the longevity of different life stages was also tested. The minimum longevity of egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages were recorded for D1 and D4. Furthermore, the maximum percentage emergence of larval, pupal, and adult stages was observed for D1 and D2. D6 produced the longest adult duration, with a maximum of 84.60 days. However, there was no significant difference in sex ratio among the various diet components. Conclusions In conclusion, the results suggest that artificial diets are essential for sustaining C. septempunctata cultures in laboratories, especially during periods when natural prey is scarce. The most effective and efficient mass-rearing approach would be to provide both natural and artificial foods simultaneously. These findings may have significant implications for the development of biological control strategies for aphids in agriculture.
{"title":"Dietary assessment across various life stages of seven-spotted lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)","authors":"Sohail Abbas, Muneer Abbas, Aleena Alam, Xiao Feng, Ali Raza, Muhammad Shakeel, Weibo Qin, Xiao Han, Rizhao Chen","doi":"10.1186/s41936-023-00348-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-023-00348-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Coccinella septempunctata (L.) is an important predator in fighting against aphids on edible crops and vegetables. However, to establish a successful mass-rearing technique, it is crucial to determine the optimal diets for larvae, pupae, and adults in terms of fecundity, longevity, and ingredient ratios. The current study aims to learn more about the biology of ladybird beetle using both artificial and natural food components. Results This study tested six different ratios of natural and artificial diets, ranging from a natural aphid diet to a variety of artificial diets containing protein hydrolyzate, casein protein, honey, dry aphids, yeast, and agar. The results showed that the natural diet (D1) produced from aphids showed approximately 290.2 eggs, while artificial diets D2 and D4 produced 56.5 and 40.2 eggs, respectively. The effect of different diets on the longevity of different life stages was also tested. The minimum longevity of egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages were recorded for D1 and D4. Furthermore, the maximum percentage emergence of larval, pupal, and adult stages was observed for D1 and D2. D6 produced the longest adult duration, with a maximum of 84.60 days. However, there was no significant difference in sex ratio among the various diet components. Conclusions In conclusion, the results suggest that artificial diets are essential for sustaining C. septempunctata cultures in laboratories, especially during periods when natural prey is scarce. The most effective and efficient mass-rearing approach would be to provide both natural and artificial foods simultaneously. These findings may have significant implications for the development of biological control strategies for aphids in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":22591,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1186/s41936-023-00347-5
Khaled Sharafeldein, Hanan Ayesh, Safwatt Salama, Azza M. Marei
Abstract Background The aging of the skin is considered a cumulative process that is classed as intrinsic or extrinsic. Environmental factors like sun exposure and air pollution are considered the main cause of extrinsic aging. Mainly, intrinsic aging reflects the genetic background and depends on time. Spirulina platensis unicellular blue–green algae have a variety of biological and nutritional activities because of their high level of nutrients. The current study aims to investigate the mechanism by which spirulina extract (SE) may act anti-aging in female albino rats. Spirulina extract (20 mg/mL) was injected subcutaneously before UVA irradiation (2.16 J/cm 2 ), daily for 7 days. The epidermal thickness and the collagen fibers layer were stained utilizing hematoxylin and eosin and Masson. Results SE induced significant improvements in the activities of antioxidants including superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione, down-regulating in expressions of inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α and reverses excessive ROS levels. As well as , the recovery of collagen density and reduction in the production of matrix metalloproteinases were presented. Conclusions The results found that spirulina extract may delay the signs of skin aging by enhancing collagen as well as antioxidant activities and inhibiting collagen degradation and inflammation.
{"title":"The collagen enhancement by Spirulina extract in intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging in albino rat","authors":"Khaled Sharafeldein, Hanan Ayesh, Safwatt Salama, Azza M. Marei","doi":"10.1186/s41936-023-00347-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-023-00347-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The aging of the skin is considered a cumulative process that is classed as intrinsic or extrinsic. Environmental factors like sun exposure and air pollution are considered the main cause of extrinsic aging. Mainly, intrinsic aging reflects the genetic background and depends on time. Spirulina platensis unicellular blue–green algae have a variety of biological and nutritional activities because of their high level of nutrients. The current study aims to investigate the mechanism by which spirulina extract (SE) may act anti-aging in female albino rats. Spirulina extract (20 mg/mL) was injected subcutaneously before UVA irradiation (2.16 J/cm 2 ), daily for 7 days. The epidermal thickness and the collagen fibers layer were stained utilizing hematoxylin and eosin and Masson. Results SE induced significant improvements in the activities of antioxidants including superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione, down-regulating in expressions of inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α and reverses excessive ROS levels. As well as , the recovery of collagen density and reduction in the production of matrix metalloproteinases were presented. Conclusions The results found that spirulina extract may delay the signs of skin aging by enhancing collagen as well as antioxidant activities and inhibiting collagen degradation and inflammation.","PeriodicalId":22591,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135202843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1186/s41936-023-00344-8
E. Salim, Sameh M. S. El-Halawany, H. Hassan, Ezar H. Hafez
{"title":"Proanthocyanidin and sodium butyrate synergistically modulate rat colon carcinogenesis by scavenging free radicals and regulating the COX-2 and APC pathways","authors":"E. Salim, Sameh M. S. El-Halawany, H. Hassan, Ezar H. Hafez","doi":"10.1186/s41936-023-00344-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-023-00344-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22591,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87237979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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