Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2023.2166599
C. Menzel
ABSTRACT Temperature affects the growth and development of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.). This review examines the effect of temperature on fruit growth from the published literature. Higher temperatures under global warming will result in lower yields and smaller, less sweet berries in the future. Warm weather has a negative impact on the size of the flowers, germination of the pollen and on carbon assimilation, which all contribute to the production of smaller fruit. The relationship between fruit weight and temperature was assessed across studies. The slope from the linear regression ranged from − 0.11 to − 5.00, with a median of − 0.96, and a mean (± s.d. or standard deviation) of − 1.32 ± 1.22 (N = 23 studies). Differences in the response reflect variations in cultivars, yields, the structure of the inflorescence and the period used to assess growth. There were strong linear relationships between the number of stamens per flower (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.62) and the number of carpels per flower (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.77), and the size of the flowers. There were strong relationships between the size of the fruit at harvest and the size of the flowers at anthesis (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.76; P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.86). High temperatures during flower development decreased the size of the flowers (8.5 mm × 4.8 mm at 15°C and 6.0 mm × 3.7 mm at 25°C) and the number of carpels (achenes) per flower (P = 0.023, R 2 = 0.29; and P = 0.003, R 2 = 0.59). High temperatures decreased the period of floral differentiation (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.90) and the size of the fruit at harvest (P = 0.024, R 2 = 0.99; P = 0.032, R 2 = 0.99). The percentage of pollen grains which germinated was higher from 20° to 30°C, with lower germination at lower or higher temperatures. The slope from the linear regression between the fruit development period (FDP) and temperature ranged from − 0.77 to − 2.93, with a median of − 1.70, and a mean of − 1.71 ± 0.72 (N = 15 studies). Net CO2 assimilation was similar from 20° to 30°C, and only lower under extreme conditions (N = 15 studies). Respiration in the leaves increased with warm days and nights (P = 0.003 or 0.004, R 2 = 0.95 or 0.94), while respiration in the fruit increased exponentially from 10° to 36°C (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.99). The effect of temperature on fruit growth in the field is confounded by changes in the structure of the inflorescences, with smaller fruit in the later inflorescences than in the first inflorescence (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.85, 0.82 or 0.89). The production of small fruit during warm weather is associated with smaller flowers and fewer stamens, germinated pollen grains, carpels and achenes in each flower or fruit. Warm conditions increase respiration in the leaves and the fruit. Fruit weight is moderately heritable, with a mean broad-sense heritability (H 2 ) of 0.44 ± 0.23 (N = 11 studies) and a mean narrow-sense heritability (h 2 ) of 0.45 ± 0.22 (N = 28 studies). High temperatures accelerate the development of the
{"title":"A review of fruit development in strawberry: high temperatures accelerate flower development and decrease the size of the flowers and fruit","authors":"C. Menzel","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2023.2166599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2023.2166599","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Temperature affects the growth and development of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.). This review examines the effect of temperature on fruit growth from the published literature. Higher temperatures under global warming will result in lower yields and smaller, less sweet berries in the future. Warm weather has a negative impact on the size of the flowers, germination of the pollen and on carbon assimilation, which all contribute to the production of smaller fruit. The relationship between fruit weight and temperature was assessed across studies. The slope from the linear regression ranged from − 0.11 to − 5.00, with a median of − 0.96, and a mean (± s.d. or standard deviation) of − 1.32 ± 1.22 (N = 23 studies). Differences in the response reflect variations in cultivars, yields, the structure of the inflorescence and the period used to assess growth. There were strong linear relationships between the number of stamens per flower (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.62) and the number of carpels per flower (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.77), and the size of the flowers. There were strong relationships between the size of the fruit at harvest and the size of the flowers at anthesis (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.76; P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.86). High temperatures during flower development decreased the size of the flowers (8.5 mm × 4.8 mm at 15°C and 6.0 mm × 3.7 mm at 25°C) and the number of carpels (achenes) per flower (P = 0.023, R 2 = 0.29; and P = 0.003, R 2 = 0.59). High temperatures decreased the period of floral differentiation (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.90) and the size of the fruit at harvest (P = 0.024, R 2 = 0.99; P = 0.032, R 2 = 0.99). The percentage of pollen grains which germinated was higher from 20° to 30°C, with lower germination at lower or higher temperatures. The slope from the linear regression between the fruit development period (FDP) and temperature ranged from − 0.77 to − 2.93, with a median of − 1.70, and a mean of − 1.71 ± 0.72 (N = 15 studies). Net CO2 assimilation was similar from 20° to 30°C, and only lower under extreme conditions (N = 15 studies). Respiration in the leaves increased with warm days and nights (P = 0.003 or 0.004, R 2 = 0.95 or 0.94), while respiration in the fruit increased exponentially from 10° to 36°C (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.99). The effect of temperature on fruit growth in the field is confounded by changes in the structure of the inflorescences, with smaller fruit in the later inflorescences than in the first inflorescence (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.85, 0.82 or 0.89). The production of small fruit during warm weather is associated with smaller flowers and fewer stamens, germinated pollen grains, carpels and achenes in each flower or fruit. Warm conditions increase respiration in the leaves and the fruit. Fruit weight is moderately heritable, with a mean broad-sense heritability (H 2 ) of 0.44 ± 0.23 (N = 11 studies) and a mean narrow-sense heritability (h 2 ) of 0.45 ± 0.22 (N = 28 studies). High temperatures accelerate the development of the ","PeriodicalId":22704,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":"409 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73885014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2023.2170833
H. Ikeura, F. Kobayashi, Takamitsu Kai, Yumi Tsuchiya, M. Tamaki
ABSTRACT Edible flowers represent rich sources of nutritional and phytochemical compounds. Violas (Viola × wittrockiana) have been confirmed to be non-toxic as food products. Based on the wide variety of flower colours, major differences may exist in antioxidant concentrations among flowers of different colours. This study examined the differences in concentrations of antioxidant components in viola flowers of eight different colours: white, red, dark red, orange, yellow, light blue, light purple, and dark purple. Flower fresh weight, petal length, petal colour (measured using a chroma metre), ascorbic acid concentration, total anthocyanin concentration, total polyphenol concentration, and DPPH radical-scavenging activity were analysed. The violas used in this study had a wide range of colours, with different lightness and chroma values. Ascorbic acid, total anthocyanin, and total polyphenol concentrations were higher in red, dark red, and dark purple flowers. In contrast, these concentrations were lower in white and light-coloured flowers. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity was also lower in white and light-coloured flowers. Therefore, red, dark red, and dark purple flowers rather than white and light-coloured flowers of violas represent rich sources of antioxidant components and their consumption may provide various health benefits.
{"title":"Flower colour and antioxidant activity of violas (Viola × wittrockiana) as edible flowers","authors":"H. Ikeura, F. Kobayashi, Takamitsu Kai, Yumi Tsuchiya, M. Tamaki","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2023.2170833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2023.2170833","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Edible flowers represent rich sources of nutritional and phytochemical compounds. Violas (Viola × wittrockiana) have been confirmed to be non-toxic as food products. Based on the wide variety of flower colours, major differences may exist in antioxidant concentrations among flowers of different colours. This study examined the differences in concentrations of antioxidant components in viola flowers of eight different colours: white, red, dark red, orange, yellow, light blue, light purple, and dark purple. Flower fresh weight, petal length, petal colour (measured using a chroma metre), ascorbic acid concentration, total anthocyanin concentration, total polyphenol concentration, and DPPH radical-scavenging activity were analysed. The violas used in this study had a wide range of colours, with different lightness and chroma values. Ascorbic acid, total anthocyanin, and total polyphenol concentrations were higher in red, dark red, and dark purple flowers. In contrast, these concentrations were lower in white and light-coloured flowers. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity was also lower in white and light-coloured flowers. Therefore, red, dark red, and dark purple flowers rather than white and light-coloured flowers of violas represent rich sources of antioxidant components and their consumption may provide various health benefits.","PeriodicalId":22704,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology","volume":"91 1","pages":"678 - 684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74961767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2022.2164523
S. Mahapatra, E. S. Rao, S. Hebbar, V. K. Rao, M. Pitchaimuthu, S. Sriram
ABSTRACT Three gummy stem blight (GSB) resistant watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) genotypes (IIHR-82, IIHR-617 and BIL-53), two resistant bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) genotypes (BG-95, BG-77-6-1) and three hybrid combinations based on watermelon genotypes (IIHR-617 × Arka Manik, IIHR-82 × Arka Manik and IIHR-82 × IIHR-617) were evaluated as rootstocks for yield, quality and GSB incidence in a sick plot during spring 2019, spring 2020 and spring 2021 at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. The commercial watermelon hybrid NS-295 was used as a scion for grafting onto these rootstocks. Significant differences were observed among the grafted entries and checks in terms of disease incidence (PDI). Among agronomic traits, grafting significantly affected plant growth, earliness and yield in a desirable direction. The grafted scion onto the hybrid rootstocks and BG-95 could maintain its oblong fruit shape compared to those onto IIHR-82 and BIL-53, whereas BG-77-6-1 produced spherical fruits. Quality traits showed an improvement in terms of total soluble solids (TSS), flesh colour, total carotenoids and lycopene content among the grafted entries as compared to non-grafted controls. Overall, the use of hybrid rootstocks i.e. IIHR-82 × IIHR-617 and IIHR-82 × Arka Manik was found to be advantageous in managing GSB apart from imparting desirable agronomic and fruit quality traits.
2019年春季，在一个病地对3个抗粘茎疫病(GSB)西瓜(Citrullus lanatus var. citroides)基因型(IIHR-82、IIHR-617和BIL-53)、2个抗葫芦(Lagenaria siceraria)基因型(BG-95、BG-77-6-1)和3个西瓜基因型杂交组合(IIHR-617 × Arka Manik、IIHR-82 × Arka Manik和IIHR-82 × IIHR-617)作为砧木的产量、品质和GSB发病率进行了评价。2020年春季和2021年春季，印度园艺研究所，班加罗尔。将商品西瓜杂交品种NS-295作为接穗嫁接到这些砧木上。在疾病发生率(PDI)方面，移植条目和检查之间存在显著差异。在农艺性状中，嫁接对植株生长、早熟和产量有显著影响。与IIHR-82和BIL-53相比，嫁接在杂交砧木和BG-95上的接穗可保持长圆形的果实形状，而嫁接在BG-77-6-1上的接穗可形成球形果实。嫁接植株的品质性状在可溶性固形物(TSS)、果肉颜色、总类胡萝卜素和番茄红素含量等方面均较未嫁接的对照有所改善。总的来说，使用杂交砧木，即IIHR-82 × IIHR-617和IIHR-82 × Arka Manik，除了提供理想的农艺和果实品质性状外，还有利于管理GSB。
{"title":"Evaluation of rootstocks resistant to gummy stem blight and their effect on the fruit yield and quality traits of grafted watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai)","authors":"S. Mahapatra, E. S. Rao, S. Hebbar, V. K. Rao, M. Pitchaimuthu, S. Sriram","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2022.2164523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2022.2164523","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three gummy stem blight (GSB) resistant watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) genotypes (IIHR-82, IIHR-617 and BIL-53), two resistant bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) genotypes (BG-95, BG-77-6-1) and three hybrid combinations based on watermelon genotypes (IIHR-617 × Arka Manik, IIHR-82 × Arka Manik and IIHR-82 × IIHR-617) were evaluated as rootstocks for yield, quality and GSB incidence in a sick plot during spring 2019, spring 2020 and spring 2021 at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. The commercial watermelon hybrid NS-295 was used as a scion for grafting onto these rootstocks. Significant differences were observed among the grafted entries and checks in terms of disease incidence (PDI). Among agronomic traits, grafting significantly affected plant growth, earliness and yield in a desirable direction. The grafted scion onto the hybrid rootstocks and BG-95 could maintain its oblong fruit shape compared to those onto IIHR-82 and BIL-53, whereas BG-77-6-1 produced spherical fruits. Quality traits showed an improvement in terms of total soluble solids (TSS), flesh colour, total carotenoids and lycopene content among the grafted entries as compared to non-grafted controls. Overall, the use of hybrid rootstocks i.e. IIHR-82 × IIHR-617 and IIHR-82 × Arka Manik was found to be advantageous in managing GSB apart from imparting desirable agronomic and fruit quality traits.","PeriodicalId":22704,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology","volume":"48 1","pages":"635 - 648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87152652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2022.2164524
Pragya Tiwari, S. K. Bose, A. Gautam, J. Chen
ABSTRACT One of the most exotic and ubiquitous plant species, the cultivation of orchids continues to gain momentum worldwide. The growing popularity of orchids and their cultivation worldwide is attributed to substantial progress in approaches like classical breeding, plant tissue culture and biotechnological interventions. In addition to ornamental value, orchids are extensively studied for their pharmacological properties and are widely used as food supplements, flavours, and medicine in different regions of the world. The unprecedented advances in whole-genome sequencing and omics technologies have significantly improved our knowledge of orchid biology, leading to translational success in the production of exotic varieties. With the emerging investigations into the cultivation and global trade popularity of orchids in the present era, this thematic article provides comprehensive insights into the existing and emerging trends in orchid cultivation, diverse ethnomedicinal uses, and multi-faceted applications, and the need for the legalisation of orchids for conservation and trade in the present era. In this way, advances in breeding and molecular approaches aim to significantly improve orchid cultivation and its socio-economic attributes. However, a detailed understanding of challenges in orchid conservation and implementation of domestic/global legislative guidelines are necessary for the protection of endangered species and their legalised trade across the globe.
{"title":"Emerging trends and insights into the cultivation strategies, ethnomedicinal uses, and socio-economic attributes of orchids","authors":"Pragya Tiwari, S. K. Bose, A. Gautam, J. Chen","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2022.2164524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2022.2164524","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One of the most exotic and ubiquitous plant species, the cultivation of orchids continues to gain momentum worldwide. The growing popularity of orchids and their cultivation worldwide is attributed to substantial progress in approaches like classical breeding, plant tissue culture and biotechnological interventions. In addition to ornamental value, orchids are extensively studied for their pharmacological properties and are widely used as food supplements, flavours, and medicine in different regions of the world. The unprecedented advances in whole-genome sequencing and omics technologies have significantly improved our knowledge of orchid biology, leading to translational success in the production of exotic varieties. With the emerging investigations into the cultivation and global trade popularity of orchids in the present era, this thematic article provides comprehensive insights into the existing and emerging trends in orchid cultivation, diverse ethnomedicinal uses, and multi-faceted applications, and the need for the legalisation of orchids for conservation and trade in the present era. In this way, advances in breeding and molecular approaches aim to significantly improve orchid cultivation and its socio-economic attributes. However, a detailed understanding of challenges in orchid conservation and implementation of domestic/global legislative guidelines are necessary for the protection of endangered species and their legalised trade across the globe.","PeriodicalId":22704,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology","volume":"67 1 1","pages":"273 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85050208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2022.2162444
N. Ledesma, John Mark Matulac, J. Sevilleja, Maria Luisa D. Enriquez
ABSTRACT In the Philippines, misidentification of strawberry cultivars is highly likely because of inadequate methods of identification by farmers. An attempt was made to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and use them to detect possible misidentification among commercially grown strawberry cultivars. Leaf samples from several cultivars were obtained from strawberry farmers in La Trinidad, Benguet, the Philippines. Expressed sequence tags from the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) gene were screened for putative SNPs. Eleven SNP markers were developed and used to discriminate among the collected samples. The SNP markers grouped the cultivars into five genotypic clusters with seven distinct genotypic identities. Clustering analysis revealed inconsistencies between the farmers’ identification and the molecular classification. ‘Sweet Charlie’ samples were assigned to four genotypic clusters and ‘Strawberry Festival’ samples were grouped into three separate clusters. There is a high probability that cultivar misidentification has indeed occurred. The molecular markers developed in this study could assist in future cultivar verification efforts, germplasm management, and breeding programmes.
{"title":"Detecting misidentifications of strawberry cultivars in the Philippines using single nucleotide polymorphism markers","authors":"N. Ledesma, John Mark Matulac, J. Sevilleja, Maria Luisa D. Enriquez","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2022.2162444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2022.2162444","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the Philippines, misidentification of strawberry cultivars is highly likely because of inadequate methods of identification by farmers. An attempt was made to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and use them to detect possible misidentification among commercially grown strawberry cultivars. Leaf samples from several cultivars were obtained from strawberry farmers in La Trinidad, Benguet, the Philippines. Expressed sequence tags from the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) gene were screened for putative SNPs. Eleven SNP markers were developed and used to discriminate among the collected samples. The SNP markers grouped the cultivars into five genotypic clusters with seven distinct genotypic identities. Clustering analysis revealed inconsistencies between the farmers’ identification and the molecular classification. ‘Sweet Charlie’ samples were assigned to four genotypic clusters and ‘Strawberry Festival’ samples were grouped into three separate clusters. There is a high probability that cultivar misidentification has indeed occurred. The molecular markers developed in this study could assist in future cultivar verification efforts, germplasm management, and breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":22704,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology","volume":"9 1","pages":"495 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84452509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2022.2160382
Juvenal Assou, Hans Bethge, D. Wamhoff, T. Winkelmann
ABSTRACT Plant tissue culture and novel breeding techniques such as genome editing in the economically important crop Arachis hypogaea constitute potential for genetic improvement. Therefore, in this study, high-frequency in vitro regeneration via formation of adventitious shoots was described for different A. hypogaea lines. The leaflets of the primary leaves of 5-day-old seedlings were cultured for 16 weeks on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with equimolar concentrations (22.19 µM) of the cytokinins 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP); thidiazuron (TDZ); zeatin (Zea) or meta-topolin (MT), which was reduced to 7.40 µM after eight weeks plus 2.3 µM kinetin. Highest shoot regeneration percentages of 89.1% and 81.3% for BAP and TDZ containing media, respectively, were achieved in the line ’Jimmy’s pride’ with the maximum shoot number obtained on BAP. The regeneration percentages for three further lines were lower than 50%. Furthermore, the effect of different light qualities, applied using LEDs, and compared to fluorescent lamps was investigated. Shoot regeneration percentages did not improve significantly under the different LEDs, instead a pronounced effect on the regeneration efficiency of the culture temperature was observed which differed among the light treatments. However, fluorescent lamps can be replaced by red or blue LEDs without negative effects on shoot regeneration.
{"title":"Effect of cytokinins and light quality on adventitious shoot regeneration from leaflet explants of peanut (Arachis hypogaea)","authors":"Juvenal Assou, Hans Bethge, D. Wamhoff, T. Winkelmann","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2022.2160382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2022.2160382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plant tissue culture and novel breeding techniques such as genome editing in the economically important crop Arachis hypogaea constitute potential for genetic improvement. Therefore, in this study, high-frequency in vitro regeneration via formation of adventitious shoots was described for different A. hypogaea lines. The leaflets of the primary leaves of 5-day-old seedlings were cultured for 16 weeks on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with equimolar concentrations (22.19 µM) of the cytokinins 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP); thidiazuron (TDZ); zeatin (Zea) or meta-topolin (MT), which was reduced to 7.40 µM after eight weeks plus 2.3 µM kinetin. Highest shoot regeneration percentages of 89.1% and 81.3% for BAP and TDZ containing media, respectively, were achieved in the line ’Jimmy’s pride’ with the maximum shoot number obtained on BAP. The regeneration percentages for three further lines were lower than 50%. Furthermore, the effect of different light qualities, applied using LEDs, and compared to fluorescent lamps was investigated. Shoot regeneration percentages did not improve significantly under the different LEDs, instead a pronounced effect on the regeneration efficiency of the culture temperature was observed which differed among the light treatments. However, fluorescent lamps can be replaced by red or blue LEDs without negative effects on shoot regeneration.","PeriodicalId":22704,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":"508 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82303706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Molecular marker-based identification of Chinese orchids among species, genera, and hybrids before flowering has important breeding and genetic research value. In this study, the Cymbidium tortisepalum germplasm ‘Lianbansu’ was chosen for transcriptome sequencing, yielding 9,485 putative EST-SSRs discovered from 28,235 unigenes. Then, 192 primers were randomly selected from the designed primers, and 38 pairs of high-quality primers were screened out through experiments. These high-quality markers were used to examine the genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary history of 51 orchid germplasms. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 12, with an average of 6. The observed and expected heterozygosity with an average of 0.4662 and 0.5973. The first two principal coordinates detected 39.66% of the total variation. It was found that the ΔK-value had one peak (When K = 2). Several germplasms of C. tortisepalum, Cymbidium sinense, Cymbidium hybridum, and some interspecific or intergeneric hybrids and unidentified germplasms could be effectively distinguished using these markers. In conclusion, a set of EST-SSR markers with outstanding transferability was created in this study that can be utilised for hybrid parent tracing and germplasm identification of orchids before flowering.
{"title":"Divergence and relationships of Cymbidium tortisepalum and its kindred germplasms by EST-SSR markers","authors":"Meiyu Li, Qing Luo, Xueying Zhao, Changchun Ding, Zhaojin Chi, Zuzheng Lu, Wenhao Bo","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2022.2159887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2022.2159887","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Molecular marker-based identification of Chinese orchids among species, genera, and hybrids before flowering has important breeding and genetic research value. In this study, the Cymbidium tortisepalum germplasm ‘Lianbansu’ was chosen for transcriptome sequencing, yielding 9,485 putative EST-SSRs discovered from 28,235 unigenes. Then, 192 primers were randomly selected from the designed primers, and 38 pairs of high-quality primers were screened out through experiments. These high-quality markers were used to examine the genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary history of 51 orchid germplasms. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 12, with an average of 6. The observed and expected heterozygosity with an average of 0.4662 and 0.5973. The first two principal coordinates detected 39.66% of the total variation. It was found that the ΔK-value had one peak (When K = 2). Several germplasms of C. tortisepalum, Cymbidium sinense, Cymbidium hybridum, and some interspecific or intergeneric hybrids and unidentified germplasms could be effectively distinguished using these markers. In conclusion, a set of EST-SSR markers with outstanding transferability was created in this study that can be utilised for hybrid parent tracing and germplasm identification of orchids before flowering.","PeriodicalId":22704,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":"483 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86913601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2022.2160381
Xu Li, R. Zhen, C. Luo, B. Shu
ABSTRACT Colletotrichum species crown rot causes the accumulation of metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in octoploid strawberries. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is the first step in the flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis pathways and it plays a key role in plant disease resistance. We therefore aimed to determine the influence of exogenous piperonylic acid (PiA) and p-coumaric acid (p-CA) on crown rot in octoploid strawberry. Piperonylic acid restricted mycelial and lesion growth in strawberry crowns, whereas p-CA enhanced crown rot susceptibility by regulating the accumulation of total phenols, flavonoids, and lignin. The total phenol content induced by PiA significantly increased in strawberries infected with Colletotrichum siamense by promoting the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, but not trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase. Lignin contents were relatively stable in strawberries infected with C. siamense, whereas the caffeoyl coenzyme A methyltransferase and cinnamoyl CoA reductase activities associated with lignin biosynthesis were upregulated by PiA. The infection of C. siamense increased flavonoid contents, whereas PiA decreased flavonoid contents. Overall, PiA enhanced C. siamense crown rot resistance via the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis of total phenols and was less associated with the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids.
{"title":"Exogenous piperonylic acid and p-coumaric acid differentially influence crown rot caused by Colletotrichum siamense in octoploid strawberries by regulating phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and lignin metabolism","authors":"Xu Li, R. Zhen, C. Luo, B. Shu","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2022.2160381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2022.2160381","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Colletotrichum species crown rot causes the accumulation of metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in octoploid strawberries. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is the first step in the flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis pathways and it plays a key role in plant disease resistance. We therefore aimed to determine the influence of exogenous piperonylic acid (PiA) and p-coumaric acid (p-CA) on crown rot in octoploid strawberry. Piperonylic acid restricted mycelial and lesion growth in strawberry crowns, whereas p-CA enhanced crown rot susceptibility by regulating the accumulation of total phenols, flavonoids, and lignin. The total phenol content induced by PiA significantly increased in strawberries infected with Colletotrichum siamense by promoting the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, but not trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase. Lignin contents were relatively stable in strawberries infected with C. siamense, whereas the caffeoyl coenzyme A methyltransferase and cinnamoyl CoA reductase activities associated with lignin biosynthesis were upregulated by PiA. The infection of C. siamense increased flavonoid contents, whereas PiA decreased flavonoid contents. Overall, PiA enhanced C. siamense crown rot resistance via the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis of total phenols and was less associated with the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids.","PeriodicalId":22704,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology","volume":"5 1","pages":"540 - 550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78512975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2022.2153088
S. Uluisik, A. Kiyak, F. Kurt, E. Filiz
ABSTRACT As a plant-specific transcription factor, vascular plant One-Zinc-finger (VOZ) is involved in the regulation of many biological processes. VOZ genes in tomato have not been analysed comprehensively so far. In this study, two SIVOZs were identified on a genome-wide scale in tomato and analysed using various bioinformatics methods. According to Ka/Ks ratio, SlVOZ proteins are being changed by evolutionary processes to adapt to changing growth and stress conditions. Protein structure and phylogenetic analyses also indicated that transcriptional regulations of SlVOZs were controlled in a specific manner related to developmental stages and abiotic stress conditions. Digital expression results, in particular, showed that SlVOZs are not only active during different growth status of tomato but are also involved in abiotic stress response mechanism. Nonetheless, SlVOZ1 is expressed higher in both developmental stages and under salt stress conditions, confirmed by RT-qPCR. The co-expression maps constructed using RNA-seq data showed that SlVOZ2 was associated with the genes involved in hormonal regulation, formation of fruit shape, secondary wall biosynthesis and in plant development. Overall, it can be concluded that SlVOZs are not only important for plant growth and development but may also be part of the salt stress response mechanism.
{"title":"Genome-wide identification of the VOZ transcription factors in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum): their functions during fruit ripening and their responses to salinity stress","authors":"S. Uluisik, A. Kiyak, F. Kurt, E. Filiz","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2022.2153088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2022.2153088","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As a plant-specific transcription factor, vascular plant One-Zinc-finger (VOZ) is involved in the regulation of many biological processes. VOZ genes in tomato have not been analysed comprehensively so far. In this study, two SIVOZs were identified on a genome-wide scale in tomato and analysed using various bioinformatics methods. According to Ka/Ks ratio, SlVOZ proteins are being changed by evolutionary processes to adapt to changing growth and stress conditions. Protein structure and phylogenetic analyses also indicated that transcriptional regulations of SlVOZs were controlled in a specific manner related to developmental stages and abiotic stress conditions. Digital expression results, in particular, showed that SlVOZs are not only active during different growth status of tomato but are also involved in abiotic stress response mechanism. Nonetheless, SlVOZ1 is expressed higher in both developmental stages and under salt stress conditions, confirmed by RT-qPCR. The co-expression maps constructed using RNA-seq data showed that SlVOZ2 was associated with the genes involved in hormonal regulation, formation of fruit shape, secondary wall biosynthesis and in plant development. Overall, it can be concluded that SlVOZs are not only important for plant growth and development but may also be part of the salt stress response mechanism.","PeriodicalId":22704,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":"468 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77316185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2022.2151518
A. Ghoname, Nora A. AbdelMotlb, Faten S. Abdel-Al, Nashwa A. I. Abu El-Azm, S. A. Abd Elhady, O. Merah, M. Abdelhamid
ABSTRACT Legumes are sensitive to salt stress, especially in the early phases of growth. Brassinosteroids (BRs) or proline (Pro) have been shown to improve salt stress tolerance in several plant species when given exogenously. Therefore, two pot experiments laid out in 4 × 3 factorial in a completely randomised design, replicated three times were carried out on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Valentino to examine the roles of BRs or Pro in improving the salt tolerance of snap beans. The first factor included four saline irrigation water levels viz. 0.0, 20, 40, and 60 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), while the second factor involved foliar application with 0.1 µM BRs or 30 mM Pro or distilled water as control. The results revealed that saline irrigation water reduced chlorophyll, membrane stability, relative water content, and yield. Exogenous BRs or Pro alleviated salt stress by reducing uptake and translocation of Na+ and Cl− while enhancing plant K+ assimilation. Increased water status, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT) in leaves of snap beans may contribute to improved salt tolerance. These findings suggested that foliar treatment of brassinosteroids or proline could be an effective strategy to improve snap bean salt tolerance.
豆科植物对盐胁迫非常敏感，尤其是在生长初期。油菜素内酯(BRs)或脯氨酸(Pro)已被证明可以提高几种植物的盐胁迫耐受性。因此，以菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)为研究对象，采用4 × 3因子全随机设计，进行了2个盆栽试验，重复3次。Valentino研究了BRs或Pro在提高豆荚耐盐性方面的作用。第一个因素包括4种盐水灌溉水位，即0.0、20、40和60 mM氯化钠(NaCl)，而第二个因素涉及叶面施用0.1µM BRs或30 mM Pro或蒸馏水作为对照。结果表明，盐水灌溉降低了叶绿素含量、膜稳定性、相对含水量和产量。外源BRs或Pro通过减少Na+和Cl−的吸收和转运，同时增强植物对K+的同化来缓解盐胁迫。油菜叶片水分状况、叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性的提高可能有助于提高油菜的耐盐性。这些结果表明，叶面处理油菜素内酯或脯氨酸可能是提高小豆耐盐性的有效策略。
{"title":"Brassinosteroids or proline can alleviate yield inhibition under salt stress via modulating physio-biochemical activities and antioxidant systems in snap bean","authors":"A. Ghoname, Nora A. AbdelMotlb, Faten S. Abdel-Al, Nashwa A. I. Abu El-Azm, S. A. Abd Elhady, O. Merah, M. Abdelhamid","doi":"10.1080/14620316.2022.2151518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2022.2151518","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Legumes are sensitive to salt stress, especially in the early phases of growth. Brassinosteroids (BRs) or proline (Pro) have been shown to improve salt stress tolerance in several plant species when given exogenously. Therefore, two pot experiments laid out in 4 × 3 factorial in a completely randomised design, replicated three times were carried out on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Valentino to examine the roles of BRs or Pro in improving the salt tolerance of snap beans. The first factor included four saline irrigation water levels viz. 0.0, 20, 40, and 60 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), while the second factor involved foliar application with 0.1 µM BRs or 30 mM Pro or distilled water as control. The results revealed that saline irrigation water reduced chlorophyll, membrane stability, relative water content, and yield. Exogenous BRs or Pro alleviated salt stress by reducing uptake and translocation of Na+ and Cl− while enhancing plant K+ assimilation. Increased water status, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT) in leaves of snap beans may contribute to improved salt tolerance. These findings suggested that foliar treatment of brassinosteroids or proline could be an effective strategy to improve snap bean salt tolerance.","PeriodicalId":22704,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology","volume":"44 1","pages":"526 - 539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91115244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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