Pub Date : 2023-04-23DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2023.2203465
M. Moncef Khaddar
ABSTRACT Beyond the euphoria of the early revolutionary moments, in 2010-2011, muted counter-revolutionary setbacks followed elite-led ‘democratisation'. For those who construed the political developments in the aftermath of the popular uprisings in Tunisia, in the wake of Ben Ali's autocratic regime dismantlement, as a first step in the direction of a ‘democratic transition', disappointments were on the horizon. By the summer of 2021, the sudden re-emergence of a powerful presidency in the name of ‘returning sovereignty to the people', while the ghost of the oligarchic state and the spectre of the authoritarian elites still hung about, opened the door for the return of a bureaucratic police state. Meanwhile, the effects of lingering economic and health crises were compounded by politico-constitutional wrangling. These further clouded an already polarised social environment and created the political conditions for the ‘restoration' of the ‘presidentialist regime’.
{"title":"Tunisian democratisation: dashed hopes between 2010 and 2022","authors":"M. Moncef Khaddar","doi":"10.1080/13629387.2023.2203465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2023.2203465","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Beyond the euphoria of the early revolutionary moments, in 2010-2011, muted counter-revolutionary setbacks followed elite-led ‘democratisation'. For those who construed the political developments in the aftermath of the popular uprisings in Tunisia, in the wake of Ben Ali's autocratic regime dismantlement, as a first step in the direction of a ‘democratic transition', disappointments were on the horizon. By the summer of 2021, the sudden re-emergence of a powerful presidency in the name of ‘returning sovereignty to the people', while the ghost of the oligarchic state and the spectre of the authoritarian elites still hung about, opened the door for the return of a bureaucratic police state. Meanwhile, the effects of lingering economic and health crises were compounded by politico-constitutional wrangling. These further clouded an already polarised social environment and created the political conditions for the ‘restoration' of the ‘presidentialist regime’.","PeriodicalId":22750,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of North African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"1324 - 1344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90162245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2023.2199985
Baudouin Long
ABSTRACT This article examines the trajectory and identity of the militant groups that resorted to political violence in post-revolutionary Egypt without adhering to Salafi-jihadist ideology. Non-jihadist violence has often remained in the shadow of the Islamic State, and is relatively unknown and underestimated, however data analysis shows that it accounted for a large share of the Egyptian market for violence following the downfall of Mohamed Morsi. Although these militant groups arose as a reaction to the coup that overthrew Morsi, their ethos was influenced by political and social practices that emerged from the 25 January Revolution. Far from being a mere fringe of the Muslim Brotherhood that shifted towards jihadism, militant groups in fact constitute a specific phenomenon and a legacy of revolution.
{"title":"In the shadow of the Islamic State: political violence in post-revolutionary Egypt, 2013–2020","authors":"Baudouin Long","doi":"10.1080/13629387.2023.2199985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2023.2199985","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the trajectory and identity of the militant groups that resorted to political violence in post-revolutionary Egypt without adhering to Salafi-jihadist ideology. Non-jihadist violence has often remained in the shadow of the Islamic State, and is relatively unknown and underestimated, however data analysis shows that it accounted for a large share of the Egyptian market for violence following the downfall of Mohamed Morsi. Although these militant groups arose as a reaction to the coup that overthrew Morsi, their ethos was influenced by political and social practices that emerged from the 25 January Revolution. Far from being a mere fringe of the Muslim Brotherhood that shifted towards jihadism, militant groups in fact constitute a specific phenomenon and a legacy of revolution.","PeriodicalId":22750,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of North African Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"1072 - 1103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79647028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2023.2203467
S. Yerkes
ABSTRACT The United States has invested billions of dollars in promoting democracy in the Maghreb. In the decade following the Arab Spring, some of that investment appeared to be bearing fruit, particularly in the case of Tunisia. Today, however, the Maghreb has joined the global trend of authoritarian backsliding. This article will examine US democracy promotion efforts in the Maghreb over the past 20 years to assess what role US support has had in helping as well as hindering democratisation in the region. The article will look critically at the tools and policy approaches employed by the United States beginning with President George W. Bush’s Freedom Agenda and establishment of the Middle East Partnership Initiative, examining the Obama administration’s approach towards the aftermath of the 2011 uprisings, and ending with President Biden’s renewed focus on democracy. The piece will attempt to answer the question of why, despite significant and high-level attention on democracy promotion, US efforts have failed to produce their desired results.
美国为促进马格里布的民主投入了数十亿美元。在“阿拉伯之春”之后的十年里，其中一些投资似乎取得了成效，尤其是在突尼斯。然而，今天，马格里布已经加入了专制倒退的全球趋势。本文将考察过去20年来美国在马格里布的民主促进努力，以评估美国的支持在帮助和阻碍该地区的民主化方面发挥了什么作用。本文将从乔治·w·布什总统的自由议程和中东伙伴关系倡议(Middle East Partnership Initiative)的建立开始，审视美国所采用的工具和政策方法，考察奥巴马政府对2011年起义后果的处理方式，并以拜登总统重新关注民主作为结束。这篇文章将试图回答这样一个问题:尽管美国高度重视民主推广，但为何未能产生预期的结果?
{"title":"US democracy promotion in the Maghreb: much ventured, little gained","authors":"S. Yerkes","doi":"10.1080/13629387.2023.2203467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2023.2203467","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The United States has invested billions of dollars in promoting democracy in the Maghreb. In the decade following the Arab Spring, some of that investment appeared to be bearing fruit, particularly in the case of Tunisia. Today, however, the Maghreb has joined the global trend of authoritarian backsliding. This article will examine US democracy promotion efforts in the Maghreb over the past 20 years to assess what role US support has had in helping as well as hindering democratisation in the region. The article will look critically at the tools and policy approaches employed by the United States beginning with President George W. Bush’s Freedom Agenda and establishment of the Middle East Partnership Initiative, examining the Obama administration’s approach towards the aftermath of the 2011 uprisings, and ending with President Biden’s renewed focus on democracy. The piece will attempt to answer the question of why, despite significant and high-level attention on democracy promotion, US efforts have failed to produce their desired results.","PeriodicalId":22750,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of North African Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"1345 - 1372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78278174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2023.2196617
N. Kari, Joan Curos Vila
ABSTRACT Several threats are affecting the abandoned vernacular houses of the Traras Mountains region (NW Algeria). The disappearance of this heritage, reflecting the culture of the Traras ancient community is near. Thus, this empirical research aims at producing useful and practical information to avoid the disappearing of a valuable knowledge. It should raise awareness about Traras cultural resources and offer a context for preservation programmes. Our research approach is exploratory, with which general information about the built environment was collected through a windshield and web-mapping survey. An in-depth inquiry is carried out in the most relevant sites, gathering more accurate information. Also, Informal talks and interviews were essential to our research to understand the locals’ interpretations. This study revealed that Traras is homogeneous in terms of vernacular-built features; two typologies are found.
{"title":"A qualitative approach to the conservation and valorization of abandoned rural heritage: case study of the Traras Mountains (NW-Algeria)","authors":"N. Kari, Joan Curos Vila","doi":"10.1080/13629387.2023.2196617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2023.2196617","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Several threats are affecting the abandoned vernacular houses of the Traras Mountains region (NW Algeria). The disappearance of this heritage, reflecting the culture of the Traras ancient community is near. Thus, this empirical research aims at producing useful and practical information to avoid the disappearing of a valuable knowledge. It should raise awareness about Traras cultural resources and offer a context for preservation programmes. Our research approach is exploratory, with which general information about the built environment was collected through a windshield and web-mapping survey. An in-depth inquiry is carried out in the most relevant sites, gathering more accurate information. Also, Informal talks and interviews were essential to our research to understand the locals’ interpretations. This study revealed that Traras is homogeneous in terms of vernacular-built features; two typologies are found.","PeriodicalId":22750,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of North African Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"1046 - 1071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77286520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2023.2197747
Mildred Mortimer
reader seeking a broader understanding of how the use of Arabic literature evolved and shaped national education will not find that here. Nor does the author explain how she selected the novels she chose to read and analyse in detail, aside from the fact that she was seeking works in both French and in Arabic, and that education or the classroom needed to play a significant role in the text. As a result, the reader has no idea how large the potential universe of works she could have chosen from was, or on what bases she made her selections. In addition, the analysis does not explore in any depth the truly contentious nature of educational (curricular or other) reform. The author does mention some reforms proposed by former (2014-2019) Algerian Education Minister, Nouria Benghabrit, but she could have easily devoted an entire chapter to the terrible opposition Benghabrit faced as she tried to implement basic reforms. Given that experience, for Twohig to suggest – if this reviewer has understood her correctly – that the imaginative or transgressive powers of literature could have succeeded in showing the way to educational reform where committed, enlightened humans fail, seems to me at best naïve. These reservations aside, this is an ambitious, well-written, interdisciplinary work. That it only partially succeeds in what it sets out to do owes to the fact that it would have been impossible to engage in a 200-page monograph all of the fascinating socio-political, literary, cultural, and pedagogical issues it raises. It is highly recommended to anyone interested in Maghrebi literature and the challenges of post-colonial education.
{"title":"Revisionary narratives: Moroccan women’s auto/biographical and testimonial acts","authors":"Mildred Mortimer","doi":"10.1080/13629387.2023.2197747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2023.2197747","url":null,"abstract":"reader seeking a broader understanding of how the use of Arabic literature evolved and shaped national education will not find that here. Nor does the author explain how she selected the novels she chose to read and analyse in detail, aside from the fact that she was seeking works in both French and in Arabic, and that education or the classroom needed to play a significant role in the text. As a result, the reader has no idea how large the potential universe of works she could have chosen from was, or on what bases she made her selections. In addition, the analysis does not explore in any depth the truly contentious nature of educational (curricular or other) reform. The author does mention some reforms proposed by former (2014-2019) Algerian Education Minister, Nouria Benghabrit, but she could have easily devoted an entire chapter to the terrible opposition Benghabrit faced as she tried to implement basic reforms. Given that experience, for Twohig to suggest – if this reviewer has understood her correctly – that the imaginative or transgressive powers of literature could have succeeded in showing the way to educational reform where committed, enlightened humans fail, seems to me at best naïve. These reservations aside, this is an ambitious, well-written, interdisciplinary work. That it only partially succeeds in what it sets out to do owes to the fact that it would have been impossible to engage in a 200-page monograph all of the fascinating socio-political, literary, cultural, and pedagogical issues it raises. It is highly recommended to anyone interested in Maghrebi literature and the challenges of post-colonial education.","PeriodicalId":22750,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of North African Studies","volume":"121 1","pages":"1568 - 1572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73766718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2023.2199986
Jeetumoni Basumatary
ABSTRACT The beginning of the Amazigh cultural movement is often traced to the Berber Spring of 1980 which was triggered by the cancellation of Mouloud Mammeri’s lecture on ancient Berber poetry at the University of Tizi Ouzou in Algeria. But the intellectual foundation of the movement can be traced to the discourse of an Amazigh cultural nationalism which developed since the 1930s in the articulation of anti-colonial sentiments. From Si Amar Saïd ou Boulifa to Mouloud Mammeri, several writers from Kabylia have been identified as having contributed to the construction of a Kabyle Berber identity in their articulation of colonial subjectivity. But in this list of cultural nationalists from Kabylia, Fadhma Amrouche’s name is conspicuously absent despite the rich legacy of Kabyle oral poetry and songs she left behind and her autoethnography My Life Story: The Autobiography of a Berber Woman ([1968] 1988). This essay seeks to situate Fadhma Amrouche in the above-mentioned list by arguing that her eternal sense of alienation and exile as a Berber Christian colonised subject, is also a story about her adherence to her Kabyle identity. This shall be done by examining the relationship between her exile, quest for identity, and cultural revival as expressed in her autobiography.
阿马齐格文化运动的开始通常被追溯到1980年的柏柏尔之春，起因是穆卢德·马梅里在阿尔及利亚蒂齐乌祖大学关于柏柏尔古代诗歌的讲座被取消。但这场运动的思想基础可以追溯到阿马齐格文化民族主义的话语，这种话语自20世纪30年代以来在反殖民情绪的表达中发展起来。从Si Amar Saïd ou Boulifa到Mouloud Mammeri，几位来自卡比利亚的作家被认为在他们对殖民主体性的表达中为卡比利亚柏柏尔身份的构建做出了贡献。但在卡比利亚的文化民族主义者名单中，Fadhma Amrouche的名字明显缺席，尽管她留下了丰富的卡比利亚口头诗歌和歌曲遗产，以及她的自传《我的生活故事:一个柏柏尔女人的自传》([1968]1988)。本文试图将Fadhma Amrouche置于上述名单中，通过论证她作为柏柏尔基督徒殖民地主体的永恒异化和流放感，也是一个关于她坚持自己卡拜尔身份的故事。这将通过考察她在自传中所表达的流亡、身份追求和文化复兴之间的关系来完成。
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Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2023.2193027
John P. Entelis
{"title":"Un printemps sans le peuple: Une histoire arabe usurpée, janvier 2011-novembre 1911","authors":"John P. Entelis","doi":"10.1080/13629387.2023.2193027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2023.2193027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22750,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of North African Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"1558 - 1562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87894873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2023.2197220
Mohamed El Bouayadi
{"title":"The origins of Moroccan narrative film: Mohamed Osfour’s films of the early post-colonial period","authors":"Mohamed El Bouayadi","doi":"10.1080/13629387.2023.2197220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2023.2197220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22750,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of North African Studies","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86553711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2023.2197746
L. Brand
1. As TheMont Pelerin Society’s Statement of Aims (8 April 1947) submits, ‘Even that most precious possession of Western Man, freedom of thought and expression, is threatened by the spread of creeds which, claiming the privilege of tolerance when in the position of a minority, seek only to establish a position of power in which they can suppress and obliterate all views but their own. The group holds that these developments have been fostered by the growth of a view of history which denies all absolute moral standards and by the growth of theories which question the desirability of the rule of law. It holds further that they have been fostered by a decline of belief in private property and the competitive market; for without the diffused power and initiative associated with these institutions it is difficult to imagine a society in which freedommay be effectively preserved’. https://www.montpelerin.org/event/429dba23-fc64-4838-aea3-b847 011022a4/websitePage:6950c74b-5d9b-41cc-8da1-3e1991c14ac5. 2. For more on the regroupment camps, see the work by Fabien Sacriste (2022).
{"title":"Contesting the classroom: Reimagining education in Moroccan and Algerian literatures","authors":"L. Brand","doi":"10.1080/13629387.2023.2197746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2023.2197746","url":null,"abstract":"1. As TheMont Pelerin Society’s Statement of Aims (8 April 1947) submits, ‘Even that most precious possession of Western Man, freedom of thought and expression, is threatened by the spread of creeds which, claiming the privilege of tolerance when in the position of a minority, seek only to establish a position of power in which they can suppress and obliterate all views but their own. The group holds that these developments have been fostered by the growth of a view of history which denies all absolute moral standards and by the growth of theories which question the desirability of the rule of law. It holds further that they have been fostered by a decline of belief in private property and the competitive market; for without the diffused power and initiative associated with these institutions it is difficult to imagine a society in which freedommay be effectively preserved’. https://www.montpelerin.org/event/429dba23-fc64-4838-aea3-b847 011022a4/websitePage:6950c74b-5d9b-41cc-8da1-3e1991c14ac5. 2. For more on the regroupment camps, see the work by Fabien Sacriste (2022).","PeriodicalId":22750,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of North African Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"1565 - 1568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77390130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2023.2197219
Mohamed Mifdal
{"title":"Social movements in Morocco: rethinking political opportunities in terms of claims and outcomes","authors":"Mohamed Mifdal","doi":"10.1080/13629387.2023.2197219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2023.2197219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22750,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of North African Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72662682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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