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Socioeconomic disadvantage and polygenic risk of overweight in early and mid-life: a longitudinal population cohort study spanning 12 years 社会经济劣势与早年和中年超重的多基因风险:一项为期 12 年的纵向人群队列研究
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101231
Jessica A. Kerr , Dorothea Dumuid , Marnie Downes , Katherine Lange , Meredith O'Connor , Ty Stanford , Lukar Thornton , Suzanne Mavoa , Kate Lycett , Tim S. Olds , Ben Edwards , Justin O'Sullivan , Markus Juonala , Ha N.D. Le , Richard Saffery , David Burgner , Melissa Wake

Background

We describe BMI by socioeconomic disadvantage and by polygenic risk in parallel cohorts of children and adults (their parents). We examine whether hypothetically intervening to reduce childhood disadvantage could reduce adolescent obesity.

Methods

From a population-based cohort (N = 5107) with a mixed design (survey and direct assessment), 24–31% had genotype data: 1607 children (50% male) followed biennially from age 2–3 to 14–15; 2406 adults (36% male) followed from mean age 35–47 years. Exposures were polygenic risk score for BMI, and neighbourhood- and family-level socioeconomic disadvantage categorised as ‘most’ (top two cohort-specific quintiles), ‘average’, or ‘least’ disadvantage (bottom two quintiles). We explored trends in estimated BMI and risk of overweight/obesity by disadvantage, stratified by polygenic risk. We used generalised linear regression to estimate the reduction in overweight/obesity at 14–15 years in children living in ‘least/average disadvantage’ in early childhood relative to those in ‘most disadvantage’, adjusted for confounders. Causal effect estimates were obtained separately for children with higher and lower polygenic risk.

Findings

A positive trend between disadvantage and overweight/obesity was most apparent among participants with high polygenic risk. Among children with higher polygenic risk (n = 805), hypothetical target trial results imply that intervening to lessen population-wide neighbourhood disadvantage from most to least disadvantage could reduce adolescent overweight/obesity by 32% (risk ratio (RR) 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.92), or by 42% if intervening to lessen family disadvantage (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.42–0.79). Positive effects were smaller when isolating the population to those with lower polygenic risk (7–17%), and for the whole population, regardless of polygenic risk (25–39%).

Interpretation

Children at higher polygenic risk of obesity suffer disproportionate BMI impacts of disadvantage. At the population-level, and especially for those with higher polygenic risk, tackling disadvantage could potentially reduce obesity and associated morbidity, mortality, and costs.

Funding

Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. Funding information is detailed in the funding statement.
背景我们根据社会经济劣势和多基因风险对儿童和成人(他们的父母)平行队列中的体重指数进行了描述。我们研究了假设干预以减少儿童劣势是否可以减少青少年肥胖。方法在一个基于人口的队列(N = 5107)中,采用混合设计(调查和直接评估),24%-31% 有基因型数据:1607名儿童(50%为男性)从2-3岁到14-15岁每两年接受一次跟踪调查;2406名成年人(36%为男性)从平均年龄35-47岁接受跟踪调查。暴露因素包括体重指数的多基因风险得分,以及邻里和家庭层面的社会经济劣势,分为 "最差"(前两个特定组群的五分位数)、"一般 "或 "最差"(后两个五分位数)。我们按照多基因风险分层,探讨了估计体重指数和超重/肥胖风险在不利条件下的变化趋势。我们使用广义线性回归法估算了幼儿期生活在 "最不利/一般不利条件 "下的儿童相对于生活在 "最不利条件 "下的儿童在 14-15 岁时超重/肥胖的减少情况,并对混杂因素进行了调整。对多基因风险较高和较低的儿童分别进行了因果效应估计。研究结果 在多基因风险较高的参与者中,不利条件与超重/肥胖之间的正向趋势最为明显。在多基因风险较高的儿童(n = 805)中,假定目标试验结果表明,如果采取干预措施,将整个社区的不利条件从最不利降到最不不利,可将青少年超重/肥胖率降低 32%(风险比 (RR) 0.68,95% CI 0.50-0.92),如果采取干预措施,将家庭不利条件降低 42%(RR 0.58,95% CI 0.42-0.79)。如果将人群隔离为多基因风险较低的人群(7%-17%),以及不考虑多基因风险的整个人群(25%-39%),则积极效应较小。在人口层面上,尤其是对那些多基因风险较高的人群而言,解决不利条件可能会减少肥胖及相关的发病率、死亡率和成本。资金信息详见资金声明。
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引用次数: 0
A contemporary analysis of the Australian clinical and genetic landscape of spinal muscular atrophy: a registry based study 澳大利亚脊髓性肌萎缩症临床和遗传情况的当代分析:基于登记册的研究
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101237
Lakshmi Balaji , Robin Forbes , Anita Cairns , Hugo Sampaio , Andrew J. Kornberg , Lauren Sanders , Phillipa Lamont , Christina Liang , Kristi J. Jones , Kristen Nowak , Cullen O'Gorman , Ian Woodcock , Nancy Briggs , Eppie M. Yiu , Michelle A. Farrar , Didu Kariyawasam

Background

New paradigms of diagnosis and treatment have changed the neurodegenerative trajectory for individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Registries are a critical tool to provide real-world data on treatment patterns, their effects and health care provision within this evolving paradigm of care. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic landscape, treatment patterns and health impact of SMA in Australia through the national registry.

Methods

This cross-sectional study investigated demographic, clinical and genetic information, sequelae of weakness, treatment patterns and patient-reported outcomes amongst individuals with SMA enrolled in the Australian Neuromuscular Disease Registry (ANMDR) from 1st January 2020 to 30th April 2023. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis and Chi-Squared or Fisher's exact tests for associations.

Findings

195 individuals with SMA enrolled into the ANMDR. 5/195 (2.6%) were deceased by censor date. Of (n = 190) individuals living with SMA, 104/190 (54.7%) were children. Minimum Australian prevalence was 0.73/100,000. SMN2 copies were inversely associated with phenotype in those with homozygous SMN1 deletions (p < 0.0001)). Treatment was utilised in 154/190 (81%) of the population, with 65/137 (47.6%) of individuals perceiving improvements with therapeutic intervention on Patient/Parent Global Impression of Improvement scale (p < 0.0001). Engagement with multidisciplinary care practitioners was significantly higher among children with SMA than adults (93% versus 12%, p < 0.0001).

Interpretation

Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, mortality and the multi-systemic health impact of SMA continue to be experienced within the Australian population. Healthcare provision must align with patient-centred outcomes, adapting to meeting their changing but ongoing care requirements. The study identified the considerable unmet need for multidisciplinary care, not only for adults with SMA but also for the emerging cohort of treated children, emphasising the imperative for comprehensive healthcare provision to address their evolving needs.

Funding

No funding was received for this study.
背景新的诊断和治疗模式改变了脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)患者的神经退行性病变轨迹。在这一不断发展的治疗模式中,登记是提供有关治疗模式、治疗效果和医疗服务的真实数据的重要工具。这项横断面研究调查了 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 4 月 30 日期间在澳大利亚神经肌肉疾病登记处 (ANMDR) 登记的 SMA 患者的人口统计学、临床和遗传信息、虚弱后遗症、治疗模式和患者报告的结果。分析中使用了描述性统计,并对相关性进行了Chi-Squared或费雪精确检验。截至普查日期,5/195(2.6%)人已死亡。在(n = 190)SMA 患者中,104/190(54.7%)为儿童。澳大利亚的最低患病率为 0.73/100,000。SMN2拷贝与同型SMN1缺失者的表型成反比(p < 0.0001)。154/190(81%)的患者接受了治疗,其中65/137(47.6%)的患者在接受治疗干预后,患者/家长对病情改善的总体印象量表(p <0.0001)有所改善。尽管在诊断和治疗方面取得了进步,但澳大利亚人的死亡率和 SMA 对多系统健康的影响仍然存在。医疗保健服务必须符合以患者为中心的结果,适应不断变化但持续的护理要求。该研究发现,不仅成人 SMA 患者,而且新出现的接受治疗的儿童群体对多学科护理的需求也未得到满足,因此强调必须提供全面的医疗保健服务,以满足他们不断变化的需求。
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引用次数: 0
A complex intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing in rural China: a cluster randomised controlled trial 减少中国农村地区抗生素处方的复杂干预:分组随机对照试验
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101236
Xingrong Shen , Beth Stuart , Enci Cui , Rong Liu , Tingting Zhang , Jing Chai , Wenjuan Cong , Xiaowen Hu , Isabel Oliver , Guiqing Yao , Paul Little , Helen Lambert , Lucy Yardley , Christie Cabral , Debin Wang

Background

Excessive use of antibiotics is a widespread problem. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of a multifaceted intervention for reducing antibiotic use in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs).

Methods

In this two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial, we enrolled patients aged 18+ with symptomatic RTIs at 40 township health centers (THCs) selected from 10 counties in Anhui, China. The THCs were randomized using an online tool (‘Sealed Envelope’) to intervention or usual care (1:1 ratio), stratified by baseline antibiotic prescribing and with random block sizes (4 or 6). The intervention had five components: a half-day clinician training, a WeChat-based peer support group, a decision aid, a poster commitment letter and a patient leaflet. The primary outcome was whether antibiotics were prescribed at the index consultation. Secondary measures included defined daily dose (DDD), illness recovery rate, re-visits to other care-givers or retail pharmacies and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). These measures were analyzed using generalized linear mixed modeling controlling for clustering. The study was registered as ISRCTN30652037.

Findings

Between December 2021 and September 2022, 1053 patients were recruited (intervention, 21 THCs, n = 552; control, 19 THCs, n = 501), using consecutive sampling. Antibiotic prescribing rate was 55.25% and 66.67% in the intervention and control arms (Odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27, 0.98; p = 0.044). The intervention group also had lower, significant or non-significant, differences for other markers of antibiotic use: DDD (1.57 vs 2.75); prescriptions of two or more types of antibiotics (9.78% vs 11.58%); obtaining antibiotics from retail pharmacies (3.68% vs 5.78) or from other clinics (2.70% vs 4.05%). The intervention resulted in a cost reduction of 9.265 RMB (1.471 USD) per consultation episode and an ICER of −7769.98 RMB or −1233.33 USD/QALYs. The intervention did not encounter any major adverse event.

Interpretation

The intervention package was effective and cost-effective in reducing antibiotics prescribing without adverse effects.

Funding

The trial was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81861138049) and United Kingdom Research Innovation (No. MR/S013717/1).
背景过度使用抗生素是一个普遍存在的问题。方法 在这项双臂分组随机对照试验中,我们从中国安徽省 10 个县的 40 个乡镇卫生院(THC)中招募了 18 岁以上有症状的 RTI 患者。乡镇卫生院通过在线工具("密封信封")随机分配干预或常规护理(1:1 比例),按抗生素处方基线进行分层,并随机分配区块大小(4 或 6)。干预措施包括五个部分:为期半天的临床医生培训、基于微信的同伴支持小组、决策辅助工具、海报承诺函和患者宣传单。主要结果是在就诊时是否开具抗生素处方。次要指标包括定义的每日剂量(DDD)、疾病痊愈率、再次就诊于其他护理人员或零售药店的次数以及增量成本效益比(ICER)。采用广义线性混合模型对这些指标进行了分析,并对聚类进行了控制。研究结果在2021年12月至2022年9月期间,采用连续抽样的方法招募了1053名患者(干预组,21个THC,n = 552;对照组,19个THC,n = 501)。干预组和对照组的抗生素处方率分别为 55.25% 和 66.67%(比值比 0.52,95% 置信区间 [CI]:0.27,0.98;P = 0.044)。干预组在其他抗生素使用指标上的差异也较小,有显著性或无显著性差异:DDD(1.57 vs 2.75);两种或两种以上抗生素处方(9.78% vs 11.58%);从零售药店(3.68% vs 5.78)或其他诊所(2.70% vs 4.05%)获得抗生素。干预后,每次就诊的成本降低了 9.265 元人民币(1.471 美元),ICER 为-7769.98 元人民币或-1233.33 美元/QALYs。该干预方案对减少抗生素处方有效且具有成本效益,无不良反应。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of time to antibiotics on clinical outcome in paediatric febrile neutropenia: a target trial emulation of 1685 episodes 使用抗生素的时间对儿科发热性中性粒细胞减少症临床结果的影响:1685 例病例的目标试验模拟
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101226
Gabrielle M. Haeusler , S Ghazaleh Dashti , Fiona James , Franz E. Babl , Meredith L. Borland , Julia E. Clark , Bhavna Padhye , Heather Tapp , Frank Alvaro , Trisha Soosay Raj , Thomas Walwyn , David S. Ziegler , Leanne Super , Lisa Hall , Daniel K. Yeoh , Coen Butters , Brendan McMullan , Diane M.T. Hanna , Richard De Abreu Lourenco , Monica A. Slavin , Karin A. Thursky

Background

Prompt antibiotic administration for febrile neutropenia (FN) is standard of care, and targets of time to antibiotics (TTA) <60 min are common. We sought to determine the effect of TTA ≥60 versus <60 min on adverse outcomes (intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death) in children with cancer and FN. Effect modification by a decision rule that predicts infection (AUS-rule) and bacteraemia were also investigated.

Methods

The prospective, multi-centre (n = 8), Australian PICNICC study dataset was analysed. To control for confounding, we used outcome regression adjusted for propensity score modelled as restricted cubic spline with two degrees of freedom. The propensity score was estimated from a logistic regression model for the exposure on the confounders, identified a priori (age, sex, severely unwell, disease, chemotherapy intensity and site). TTA was defined as time from from emergency triage to first antibiotic dose.

Findings

1685 FN episodes in 976 patients were included. Median TTA was 53 min (IQR 37–77 min, 1542 (92%) <120 min). An adverse outcome occurred in 43 (2.6%) episodes (39 ICU; 5 deaths). The confounder-adjusted point estimate suggested a lower risk for adverse outcome associated with TTA ≥60 min (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.32–1.21), but the wide 95% CI precluded definitive judgement about strength and direction of the effect (unadjusted RR 0.52; 95% CI 0.26, 1.05). Similarly, although the point estimates were suggestive of a null association or reduced risk for adverse outcome associated with TTA ≥60 min for all comparisons across bacteraemia or AUS-rule strata, the 95% CIs were imprecise.

Interpretation

For children with FN, there was no definite evidence that TTA ≥60 min from hospital triage (but within 2 h), increased risk of adverse outcome or prolonged hospital admission. This study has important implications for FN TTA mandates, suggesting a more nuanced approach is required.

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council and Medical Research Future Fund.
背景发热性中性粒细胞减少症(FN)的及时抗生素应用是标准护理,抗生素应用时间(TTA)为 60 分钟的目标很常见。我们试图确定TTA≥60分钟与<60分钟对癌症和FN患儿不良结局(入住重症监护室或死亡)的影响。方法分析了澳大利亚 PICNICC 研究的前瞻性多中心(n = 8)数据集。为控制混杂因素,我们使用了根据倾向得分调整的结果回归,以两个自由度的受限立方样条为模型。倾向得分是根据事先确定的混杂因素(年龄、性别、严重不适、疾病、化疗强度和部位)暴露的逻辑回归模型估算得出的。TTA定义为从急诊分诊到首次服用抗生素的时间。中位 TTA 为 53 分钟(IQR 为 37-77 分钟,1542 (92%) <120 分钟)。43例(2.6%)发生不良后果(39例重症监护室;5例死亡)。混杂因素调整后的点估计值表明,TTA ≥60 分钟的不良结局风险较低(RR 0.62,95% CI 0.32-1.21),但 95% CI 较宽,无法明确判断影响的强度和方向(未调整 RR 0.52;95% CI 0.26,1.05)。同样,尽管在菌血症或 AUS 规则分层的所有比较中,点估计值均提示与 TTA ≥60 分钟相关的无效关联或不良结局风险降低,但 95% CI 不精确。这项研究对FN TTA规定具有重要意义,表明需要采取更细致的方法。
{"title":"Impact of time to antibiotics on clinical outcome in paediatric febrile neutropenia: a target trial emulation of 1685 episodes","authors":"Gabrielle M. Haeusler ,&nbsp;S Ghazaleh Dashti ,&nbsp;Fiona James ,&nbsp;Franz E. Babl ,&nbsp;Meredith L. Borland ,&nbsp;Julia E. Clark ,&nbsp;Bhavna Padhye ,&nbsp;Heather Tapp ,&nbsp;Frank Alvaro ,&nbsp;Trisha Soosay Raj ,&nbsp;Thomas Walwyn ,&nbsp;David S. Ziegler ,&nbsp;Leanne Super ,&nbsp;Lisa Hall ,&nbsp;Daniel K. Yeoh ,&nbsp;Coen Butters ,&nbsp;Brendan McMullan ,&nbsp;Diane M.T. Hanna ,&nbsp;Richard De Abreu Lourenco ,&nbsp;Monica A. Slavin ,&nbsp;Karin A. Thursky","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prompt antibiotic administration for febrile neutropenia (FN) is standard of care, and targets of time to antibiotics (TTA) &lt;60 min are common. We sought to determine the effect of TTA ≥60 versus &lt;60 min on adverse outcomes (intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death) in children with cancer and FN. Effect modification by a decision rule that predicts infection (AUS-rule) and bacteraemia were also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The prospective, multi-centre (n = 8), Australian PICNICC study dataset was analysed. To control for confounding, we used outcome regression adjusted for propensity score modelled as restricted cubic spline with two degrees of freedom. The propensity score was estimated from a logistic regression model for the exposure on the confounders, identified <em>a priori</em> (age, sex, severely unwell, disease, chemotherapy intensity and site). TTA was defined as time from from emergency triage to first antibiotic dose.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>1685 FN episodes in 976 patients were included. Median TTA was 53 min (IQR 37–77 min, 1542 (92%) &lt;120 min). An adverse outcome occurred in 43 (2.6%) episodes (39 ICU; 5 deaths). The confounder-adjusted point estimate suggested a lower risk for adverse outcome associated with TTA ≥60 min (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.32–1.21), but the wide 95% CI precluded definitive judgement about strength and direction of the effect (unadjusted RR 0.52; 95% CI 0.26, 1.05). Similarly, although the point estimates were suggestive of a null association or reduced risk for adverse outcome associated with TTA ≥60 min for all comparisons across bacteraemia or AUS-rule strata, the 95% CIs were imprecise.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>For children with FN, there was no definite evidence that TTA ≥60 min from hospital triage (but within 2 h), increased risk of adverse outcome or prolonged hospital admission. This study has important implications for FN TTA mandates, suggesting a more nuanced approach is required.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div><span>National Health and Medical Research Council</span> and <span>Medical Research Future Fund</span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101226"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A cost-minimisation population-based analysis of telehealth-integrated antenatal care 基于人群的产前护理远程保健成本最小化分析
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101239
YiJie Neo , Emily Callander , Ben W. Mol , Ryan Hodges , Kirsten R. Palmer

Background

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Victoria’s largest maternity service provider implemented a telehealth-integrated antenatal care (ANC) schedule for high- and low-risk pregnancies. The program has been maintained since March 2020. Given ever-increasing healthcare costs, economic evaluation is crucial to ensure value and guide ongoing use.

Methods

The aim of the study was to perform a cost-minimisation analysis of telehealth integrated ANC compared to conventional in-person ANC, from the hospital and patient perspectives. We hypothesised that the costs associated with telehealth integrated ANC would be less than in-person ANC. We generated propensity score matched pre- and post-telehealth cohorts from women with a singleton pregnancy who received ANC and birthed at Monash Health from 1 Jan 2018–22 Mar 2020 (pre-telehealth), and 20 Apr 2020–31 Dec 2021 (post-telehealth). Data were extracted from electronic medical and finance records. We assigned costs for all Monash Health outpatient, inpatient, and emergency department episodes to calculate mean cost per birth. Patient travel costs were estimated based on distance residing from hospital.

Findings

Matched pre- and post-telehealth cohorts of n = 13,534 each were created. There were no significant differences in stillbirth, pre-eclampsia, severe maternal morbidity, or death. There was a AU$133 (0.98%, 95% CI [−0.17%, 2.16%]) increase in cost per birth in the post-telehealth cohort. This was driven by increased hospital costs (AU$340 or 2.64% increase, [1.44%, 3.86%]), due to a 4.78% increase in antenatal inpatient episodes and 3.51% increase in outpatient appointments post-telehealth. Increased care complexity was noted in the post-telehealth period with increased rates of gestational diabetes, caesarean birth, and specialty-led care (p-values all <0.0001). In contrast, patient costs of accessing healthcare fell significantly from AU$562 pre-telehealth to AU$355 post-telehealth (difference -AU$207 (−36.81%, [−37.46%, −36.16%]).

Interpretation

Telehealth supported the provision of a greater volume of antenatal care to more complex pregnancies, while maintaining safety and quality of care, for only a minimal cost increase to health funders and substantial cost savings to patients. This finding provides reassurance regarding the financial viability of telehealth-integrated antenatal care.

Funding

None.
背景为应对 COVID-19 大流行,维多利亚州最大的产科服务提供商针对高危和低危孕妇实施了远程医疗综合产前护理 (ANC) 计划。该计划自 2020 年 3 月起一直在实施。该研究旨在从医院和患者的角度,对远程医疗综合产前护理与传统的面对面产前护理进行成本最小化分析。我们假设远程医疗综合产前护理的相关成本将低于面对面产前护理。我们从 2018 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 3 月 22 日(远程保健前)和 2020 年 4 月 20 日至 2021 年 12 月 31 日(远程保健后)在蒙纳什卫生院接受产前护理和分娩的单胎妊娠妇女中生成了倾向得分匹配的远程保健前和远程保健后队列。数据提取自电子医疗和财务记录。我们分配了莫纳什卫生院所有门诊、住院和急诊的费用,以计算每次分娩的平均成本。根据居住地与医院的距离估算出患者的交通费用。死胎、先兆子痫、严重孕产妇发病率或死亡人数无明显差异。在远程保健后队列中,每次分娩的成本增加了 133 澳元(0.98%,95% CI [-0.17%, 2.16%])。这主要是由于产前住院次数增加了 4.78%,门诊预约次数增加了 3.51%,从而导致住院费用增加(340 澳元或增加 2.64%,[1.44%, 3.86%])。随着妊娠糖尿病、剖腹产和专科护理率的增加,远程保健后的护理复杂性也有所增加(p 值均为 0.0001)。相比之下,患者获得医疗服务的成本从远程保健前的 562 澳元大幅降至远程保健后的 355 澳元(差异为 -207 澳元(-36.81%,[-37.46%,-36.16%])。这一研究结果为远程医疗产前护理的经济可行性提供了保证。
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引用次数: 0
Racism and health in South Korea: history, concept, and systematic review 韩国的种族主义与健康:历史、概念和系统回顾
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101228
Hayoung Lee , Eun-Ji Paeng , Delanjathan Devakumar , Mita Huq , Garin Lee , Seung-Sup Kim
To understand racism and its impact on health in South Korea, it is essential to consider the political and social context of the migrant population, including ethnic Korean migrants, marriage migrants, migrant workers, and bi-ethnic adolescents. This paper has two goals. First, we examined the increasing trends of the foreign population in South Korea, with a focus on the growth of migrant workers and marriage migrants. Following this, we reviewed the historical contexts and discussed the characteristics of racism in South Korea: ‘ethnic homogeneity’, ‘White supremacy’, and ‘ethnic discrimination against ethnic Koreans’. Second, we conducted a systematic review of 43 articles on the association between discrimination and health among racially and ethnically minoritized populations in South Korea. The review revealed statistically significant associations across various migrant groups but highlighted several limitations: all studies were cross-sectional, many used non-standardized discrimination measures, all focused on interpersonal discrimination, most examined mental health outcomes, and certain migrant groups were neglected in the research. Future research is needed to address these gaps.

Funding

This work was supported by the New Faculty Startup Fund from Seoul National University.
要了解韩国的种族主义及其对健康的影响,就必须考虑移民人口的政治和社会背景,包括朝鲜族移民、婚姻移民、移民工人和双种族青少年。本文有两个目标。首先,我们研究了韩国外来人口的增长趋势,重点关注外来务工人员和婚姻移民的增长。随后,我们回顾了历史背景,并讨论了韩国种族主义的特征:"种族同一性"、"白人至上 "和 "对朝鲜族的种族歧视"。其次,我们对 43 篇文章进行了系统性回顾,这些文章涉及韩国少数种族和民族人口中歧视与健康之间的关系。综述显示,不同移民群体之间存在统计学意义上的显著关联,但也强调了一些局限性:所有研究都是横断面研究,许多研究使用了非标准化的歧视测量方法,所有研究都侧重于人际歧视,大多数研究考察了心理健康结果,某些移民群体在研究中被忽视。未来的研究需要弥补这些不足。
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引用次数: 0
Why I decide to leave South Korea healthcare system 我为何决定离开韩国医疗系统
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101232
Jounggi Moon , Joo-Young Lee
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引用次数: 0
Progress and challenges of confirmatory trials for cancer drugs granted conditional approval in China 中国有条件批准抗癌药物确证试验的进展与挑战
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101238
Xingxian Luo , Yang Xu , Xin Du , Xufeng Lv , Si Chen , Yue Yang , Lin Huang , Xiaohong Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Towards an agenda of action and research for making health systems responsive to the needs of people with disabilities 制定行动和研究议程,使卫生系统满足残疾人的需求
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101225
Thi Vinh Nguyen, Sumit Kane
Ensuring health systems responsiveness is crucial for health equity and outcomes of all individuals, particularly disadvantaged groups such as people with disabilities. However, attention to and discussions on health system responsiveness for people with disabilities remains lacking. This viewpoint highlights the pervasive issues within health systems rooted in ableism and proposes an agenda to tackle ableism, aiming to make health systems responsive to the needs of people with disabilities. Their needs are complex and diverse, varying with the disability, its severity, progression, and intersection with other factors. Ableism creates significant obstacles to identifying and addressing their needs and expectations, damages provider–patient interactions, poses multiple challenges in healthcare, and impacts the overall responsiveness of the health system to the populations it is meant to serve. The proposed agenda outlines areas for action and research across six building blocks of health systems as a way forward to enhance the health system's responsiveness to the needs of people with disabilities.
确保卫生系统的响应能力对于所有人,尤其是残疾人等弱势群体的健康公平和成果至关重要。然而,人们对卫生系统响应残疾人需求的关注和讨论仍然不足。这一观点强调了卫生系统中根植于残障主义的普遍问题,并提出了解决残障主义的议程,旨在使卫生系统对残障人士的需求做出回应。他们的需求复杂多样,因残疾、残疾的严重程度、残疾的发展以及与其他因素的交叉而异。残疾歧视给确定和满足他们的需求和期望造成了巨大障碍,损害了医疗服务提供者与患者之间的互动,给医疗保健带来了多重挑战,并影响了医疗系统对其服务人群的整体响应能力。拟议议程概述了医疗系统六个组成部分的行动和研究领域,以此作为提高医疗系统对残疾人需求的响应能力的前进方向。
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引用次数: 0
Human carcinogen, leisure food, or local specialty: navigating areca nut regulation in China 人类致癌物、休闲食品还是地方特产:中国的马兜铃果监管之路
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101230
Jiayi Jiang, Zexing Zheng
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The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific
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