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Dementia in the Western Pacific region: address inequalities and invest on research 西太平洋地区的痴呆症:解决不平等问题并投资于研究
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101210
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引用次数: 0
Dementia diagnostic and treatment services in the Western Pacific: challenges, preparedness and opportunities in the face of amyloid-targeting therapies 西太平洋地区的痴呆症诊断和治疗服务:面对淀粉样蛋白靶向疗法的挑战、准备情况和机遇
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101183
Here we first review the limited available literature addressing the current landscape of specialist assessment services for dementia and cognitive decline and the preparedness for new amyloid-targeting therapies for Alzheimer's disease across the Western Pacific region. Considering the scarcity of literature, as national representatives of Western Pacific nations we were then guided by the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan on Dementia to provide country-specific reviews. As a whole, we highlight that the existing diverse socioeconomic and cultural landscape across the region poses unique challenges, including varying access to services and marked differences among countries in their preparedness for upcoming amyloid-targeting therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, there is an urgent call for intergovernmental collaboration and investment across the Western Pacific to ensure that for all nations, citizens living with dementia and cognitive decline have access to effective and equitable methods of diagnosis, treatment and care.
在此,我们首先回顾了现有的有限文献,这些文献涉及目前西太平洋地区痴呆症和认知功能衰退的专家评估服务以及阿尔茨海默病淀粉样蛋白靶向新疗法的准备情况。考虑到文献资料的稀缺性,作为西太平洋国家的国家代表,我们在世界卫生组织《痴呆症全球行动计划》的指导下提供了针对具体国家的综述。总体而言,我们强调该地区现有的多样化社会经济和文化背景带来了独特的挑战,包括获得服务的途径各不相同,以及各国对即将推出的阿尔茨海默病淀粉样蛋白靶向疗法的准备程度存在明显差异。因此,迫切需要在整个西太平洋地区开展政府间合作和投资,以确保所有国家患有痴呆症和认知能力下降的公民都能获得有效和公平的诊断、治疗和护理方法。
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引用次数: 0
Community attitudes and Indigenous health disparities: evidence from Australia's Voice referendum 社区态度与土著人的健康差距:来自澳大利亚之声全民公决的证据
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101154

Background

Community attitudes influence health outcomes especially for racially diverse and minority groups exposed to the detrimental effects of racism and discrimination. Using the results from Australia's national referendum to establish an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice to Parliament (‘the Voice’) as a proxy for attitudes to Indigenous Australians, this study examined health outcomes for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians according to levels of opposition to the Voice.

Methods

The regional share of votes against the Voice was linked to 2021 data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, a large, national probability sample (n∽17,000) of Australian adults. Adjusting for regional-level confounders, we used logistic regression analyses to predict health outcomes, healthcare use, and risk-taking behaviours among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians for different levels (quartiles) of opposition to the Voice.

Findings

Greater opposition to the Voice was associated with widening Indigenous disparities in health, healthcare use, and health behaviours. Indigenous Australians living in regions with the highest opposition to the Voice (top quartile: 72% community voting ‘No’) were more likely to report fair/poor health [OR 2.28 (95% CI 1.45–3.58)] and poor mental health [OR 2.24 (95% CI 1.48–3.39)], were less likely to have visited any healthcare provider [OR 0.52 (95% CI 0.36–0.75)], and were more likely to smoke [OR 4.21 (95% CI 2.78–6.38)] or engage in risky drinking [OR 2.66 (95% CI 1.60–4.43)] relative to non-Indigenous Australians.

Interpretation

Indigenous Australians living in communities with greater opposition to the Voice experience poorer health relative to non-Indigenous Australians. Disparities in health may be partially due to poorer healthcare access and increased risk-taking behaviours, which may be associated with racism. These findings align with discrimination-related stress processes and potentially reduced availability of culturally inclusive healthcare. Health and social policy should consider how broader societal level conditions shape Indigenous health disparities in Australia.

Funding

This work is supported by the Australian Research Council (project ID FT200100630), the University of Melbourne Faculty Research Grant, and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Investigator Grant (project ID 1201937).
背景社区态度会影响健康结果,尤其是对受到种族主义和歧视有害影响的种族多样性和少数群体而言。本研究以澳大利亚关于在议会中设立土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民之声("之声")的全国公民投票结果作为对澳大利亚土著居民态度的代表,根据反对 "之声 "的程度研究了澳大利亚土著居民和非土著居民的健康结果。在对地区层面的混杂因素进行调整后,我们使用逻辑回归分析预测了不同程度(四分位数)反对 "声音 "的土著和非土著澳大利亚人的健康结果、医疗保健使用情况和冒险行为。生活在 "声音 "反对率最高地区(最高四分位数:≥72%的社区投 "反对 "票)的土著澳大利亚人更有可能报告健康状况一般/较差[OR 2.28 (95% CI 1.45-3.58)]和精神健康状况较差[OR 2.24 (95% CI 1.48-3.39)],更不可能去看任何医疗机构[OR 0.52 (95% CI 0.与非土著澳大利亚人相比,他们更有可能吸烟[OR 4.21 (95% CI 2.78-6.38)]或酗酒[OR 2.66 (95% CI 1.60-4.43)]。健康差异的部分原因可能是医疗保健服务较差和冒险行为增多,这可能与种族主义有关。这些研究结果与与歧视有关的压力过程以及具有文化包容性的医疗保健服务可能减少的情况相吻合。健康和社会政策应考虑更广泛的社会层面条件如何影响澳大利亚土著人的健康差异。基金资助这项工作得到了澳大利亚研究理事会(项目编号:FT200100630)、墨尔本大学学院研究基金和澳大利亚国家健康与医学研究理事会研究员基金(项目编号:1201937)的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Risk factors for the neurodegenerative dementias in the Western Pacific region 西太平洋地区神经退行性痴呆症的风险因素
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101051
The Western Pacific Region (WPR) is characterized by a group of socioeconomically, culturally, and geopolitically heterogenous countries and represents a microcosm of the global endemic of neurodegeneration. This review will chart the known risk factors for dementia across the WPR. We explore the intersection between the established risk factors for dementia including the biomedical and lifestyle (cardiovascular and metabolic disease, sleep, hearing loss, depression, alcohol, smoking, traumatic brain injury, genetics) and social determinants (social disadvantage, limited education, systemic racism) as well as incorporate neuroimaging data, where available, to predict disease progression in the WPR. In doing so, we highlight core risk factors for dementia in the WPR, as well as geographical epicentres at heightened risk for dementia, to orient future research towards addressing these disparities.
西太平洋地区(WPR)的特点是社会经济、文化和地缘政治各不相同,是全球神经变性流行病的一个缩影。本综述将列出世界痴呆症流行地区的已知痴呆症风险因素。我们将探讨已确定的痴呆症风险因素之间的交叉点,包括生物医学和生活方式(心血管和代谢疾病、睡眠、听力损失、抑郁、酗酒、吸烟、脑外伤、遗传学)以及社会决定因素(社会不利条件、有限的教育、系统性种族主义),并结合现有的神经影像学数据来预测世界人口研究计划中的疾病进展。在此过程中,我们强调了 WPR 中痴呆症的核心风险因素,以及痴呆症高风险的地理中心,以引导未来的研究解决这些差异。
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引用次数: 0
A scoping review of the unique landscape and challenges associated with dementia in the Western Pacific region 对西太平洋地区与痴呆症相关的独特情况和挑战进行范围界定审查
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101192
Dementia is a leading public health crisis that is projected to affect 152.8 million individuals by 2050, over half of whom will be living in the Western Pacific region. To determine the challenges and opportunities for capacity building in the region, this scoping review searched databases. Our findings reveal national and ethnoracial differences in the prevalence, literacy and genetic risk factors associated with dementia syndromes, underscoring the need to identify and mitigate relevant risk factors in this region. Importantly, ∼80% of research was derived from higher income countries, where the establishment of patient registries and biobanks reflect increased efforts and allocation of resources towards understanding the pathogenesis of dementia. We discuss the need for increased public awareness through culturally-relevant policies, the potential to support patients and caregivers through digital strategies and development of regional networks to mitigate the growing social impact and economic burden of dementia in this region.

Funding

FightMND Mid-Career Fellowship, NHMRC EL1 Fellowship, NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship (1156093), NHMRC Postgraduate scholarship (2022387).
痴呆症是一个主要的公共健康危机,预计到 2050 年将影响到 1.528 亿人,其中一半以上将生活在西太平洋地区。为了确定该地区能力建设所面临的挑战和机遇,本范围界定综述对数据库进行了检索。我们的研究结果表明,在与痴呆综合症相关的患病率、识字率和遗传风险因素方面,各国和各民族之间存在差异,这凸显了在该地区识别和减少相关风险因素的必要性。重要的是,80%的研究来自于高收入国家,这些国家建立了患者登记处和生物库,反映出它们在了解痴呆症发病机制方面做出了更多努力并分配了更多资源。我们讨论了通过与文化相关的政策提高公众意识的必要性、通过数字战略支持患者和护理人员的潜力以及发展地区网络以减轻痴呆症在该地区日益增长的社会影响和经济负担的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in viral hepatitis liver-related morbidity and mortality in New South Wales, Australia 澳大利亚新南威尔士州与病毒性肝炎肝脏相关的发病率和死亡率趋势
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101185

Background

Monitoring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver-related morbidity and mortality is key to evaluate progress towards elimination targets.

Methods

HBV and HCV notifications in NSW, Australia (1995–2022) were linked to hospital and mortality records. Temporal trends in decompensated cirrhosis (DC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and mortality were evaluated among people notified for HBV and HCV. Segmented Poisson regression models were used to assess the impact of the viral hepatitis elimination era (1 January 2015–31 December 2022) on advanced liver disease and mortality.

Findings

During 1995–2022, there were 64,865 people with an HBV notification and 112,277 people with an HCV notification in NSW. Between 2002 and 2022, there were significant reductions in age-adjusted HBV- and HCV-related DC, HCC, and liver-related mortality. Among those with HBV, age-standardised incidence per 1000 person-years (py) in 2002, 2015, and 2022 was 3.08, 1.47, and 1.16 for DC (p < 0.001); 2.97, 1.45, and 0.75 for HCC (p < 0.001); and 2.84, 1.93, and 1.40 for liver-related mortality (p < 0.001). Among those with HCV, age-standardised incidence per 1000 py in 2002, 2015, and 2022, was 5.53, 4.57, and 2.31 for DC (p < 0.001); 2.22, 2.59, and 1.87 for HCC (p < 0.001); and 3.89, 4.73, and 3.16 for liver-related mortality (p < 0.001). In 2022, absolute liver-related mortality per 100,000 population was 0.95 for HBV and 3.56 for HCV. In adjusted analyses, older age, comorbidity, and a history of alcohol use disorder were associated with increased liver-related mortality among those with HBV and HCV.

Interpretation

This population-level study demonstrated declining risks of DC, HCC, and mortality, with HBV-related declines commencing well before elimination era while HCV-related declines were mostly during elimination era. Population liver mortality indicates elimination target achieved for combined viral hepatitis and HBV, but not HCV.

Funding

The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, and New South Wales Ministry of Health, Australia.

背景监测乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)与肝脏相关的发病率和死亡率是评估消除目标进展情况的关键。方法将澳大利亚新南威尔士州(1995-2022 年)的 HBV 和 HCV 感染病例与医院和死亡记录联系起来,评估了失代偿性肝硬化 (DC)、肝细胞癌 (HCC) 和死亡率的时间趋势。研究采用分段泊松回归模型来评估消除病毒性肝炎时代(2015 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日)对晚期肝病和死亡率的影响。研究结果1995 年至 2022 年期间,新南威尔士州有 64,865 人感染了 HBV,112,277 人感染了 HCV。2002 年至 2022 年期间,年龄调整后的 HBV 和 HCV 相关 DC、HCC 和肝脏相关死亡率显著下降。在 HBV 感染者中,2002 年、2015 年和 2022 年每千人年年龄标准化 DC 发病率分别为 3.08、1.47 和 1.16(p < 0.001);HCC 发病率分别为 2.97、1.45 和 0.75(p < 0.001);肝脏相关死亡率分别为 2.84、1.93 和 1.40(p < 0.001)。在感染 HCV 的人群中,2002 年、2015 年和 2022 年,每 1000 py 中 DC 的年龄标准化发病率分别为 5.53、4.57 和 2.31(p < 0.001);HCC 分别为 2.22、2.59 和 1.87(p < 0.001);肝脏相关死亡率分别为 3.89、4.73 和 3.16(p < 0.001)。2022 年,每 100,000 人中与肝脏相关的绝对死亡率,HBV 为 0.95,HCV 为 3.56。在调整后的分析中,HBV 和 HCV 感染者中,年龄较大、合并症和酗酒史与肝脏相关死亡率的增加有关。这项人群水平的研究表明,DC、HCC 和死亡率的风险在下降,其中 HBV 相关风险的下降早在消除时代之前就开始了,而 HCV 相关风险的下降主要发生在消除时代。人口肝脏死亡率表明,合并病毒性肝炎和 HBV 的消除目标已经实现,但 HCV 尚未实现。
{"title":"Trends in viral hepatitis liver-related morbidity and mortality in New South Wales, Australia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Monitoring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver-related morbidity and mortality is key to evaluate progress towards elimination targets.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>HBV and HCV notifications in NSW, Australia (1995–2022) were linked to hospital and mortality records. Temporal trends in decompensated cirrhosis (DC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and mortality were evaluated among people notified for HBV and HCV. Segmented Poisson regression models were used to assess the impact of the viral hepatitis elimination era (1 January 2015–31 December 2022) on advanced liver disease and mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>During 1995–2022, there were 64,865 people with an HBV notification and 112,277 people with an HCV notification in NSW. Between 2002 and 2022, there were significant reductions in age-adjusted HBV- and HCV-related DC, HCC, and liver-related mortality. Among those with HBV, age-standardised incidence per 1000 person-years (py) in 2002, 2015, and 2022 was 3.08, 1.47, and 1.16 for DC (p &lt; 0.001); 2.97, 1.45, and 0.75 for HCC (p &lt; 0.001); and 2.84, 1.93, and 1.40 for liver-related mortality (p &lt; 0.001). Among those with HCV, age-standardised incidence per 1000 py in 2002, 2015, and 2022, was 5.53, 4.57, and 2.31 for DC (p &lt; 0.001); 2.22, 2.59, and 1.87 for HCC (p &lt; 0.001); and 3.89, 4.73, and 3.16 for liver-related mortality (p &lt; 0.001). In 2022, absolute liver-related mortality per 100,000 population was 0.95 for HBV and 3.56 for HCV. In adjusted analyses, older age, comorbidity, and a history of alcohol use disorder were associated with increased liver-related mortality among those with HBV and HCV.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>This population-level study demonstrated declining risks of DC, HCC, and mortality, with HBV-related declines commencing well before elimination era while HCV-related declines were mostly during elimination era. Population liver mortality indicates elimination target achieved for combined viral hepatitis and HBV, but not HCV.</p></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><p>The <span>Kirby Institute</span>, <span>UNSW Sydney</span>, and <span>New South Wales Ministry of Health</span>, Australia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22792,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666606524001792/pdfft?md5=bad7a496147a0a09cbabfafc95bfe6df&pid=1-s2.0-S2666606524001792-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of invasive bacterial infections among children from low- and middle-income countries in the Western Pacific Region (WPRO) – a systematic review and meta-analysis 西太平洋地区(WPRO)中低收入国家儿童侵袭性细菌感染的抗菌药敏感性概况--系统回顾与荟萃分析
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101177

Background

Antimicrobial resistance increasingly impacts paediatric mortality, particularly in resource-constrained settings. We aimed to evaluate the susceptibility profiles of bacteria causing infections in children from the Western Pacific region.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of bacteria responsible for common infections in children. We included studies published from January 2011 to December 2023 (PROSPERO CRD42021248722). Pooled susceptibilities were evaluated against empiric antibiotics recommended to treat common clinical syndromes.

Findings

Fifty-one papers met inclusion criteria, incorporating 18,330 bacterial isolates. Of available published data, only six countries from the region were represented. Escherichia coli revealed a pooled susceptibility to ampicillin of 17% (95% CI 12–23%, n = 3292), gentamicin 63% (95% CI 59–67%, n = 3956), and third-generation cephalosporins 59% (95% CI 49–69%, n = 3585). Susceptibility of Klebsiella spp. to gentamicin was 71% (95% CI 61–80%, n = 2323), third-generation cephalosporins 35% (95% CI 22–49%, n = 2076), and carbapenems 89% (95% CI 78–97%, n = 2080). Pooled susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to flucloxacillin was 72% (95% CI 58–83%, n = 1666), and susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis isolates to ampicillin was 26% (95% CI 11–44%, n = 375), and 63% (95% CI 40–84%, n = 246) to third-generation cephalosporins.

Interpretation

The burden of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria responsible for common infections in children across the Western Pacific region is significant, and the currently recommended World Health Organization antibiotics to treat these infections may be inefficacious. Strategies to improve the availability of high-quality data to understand the burden of antimicrobial resistance in the region are necessary.

Funding

The study was supported by an Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator Grant. This research was funded in part by the Wellcome Trust [220211/Z/20/Z]. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.

背景抗菌药耐药性对儿科死亡率的影响越来越大,尤其是在资源有限的环境中。我们旨在评估引起西太平洋地区儿童感染的细菌的敏感性概况。方法我们对引起儿童常见感染的细菌进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。我们纳入了 2011 年 1 月至 2023 年 12 月期间发表的研究(PROSPERO CRD42021248722)。研究结果51篇论文符合纳入标准,共纳入18,330株细菌分离物。在已发表的数据中,该地区仅有 6 个国家有代表性。大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林的总敏感率为 17%(95% CI 12-23%,n = 3292),对庆大霉素的敏感率为 63%(95% CI 59-67%,n = 3956),对第三代头孢菌素的敏感率为 59%(95% CI 49-69%,n = 3585)。克雷伯菌属对庆大霉素的敏感率为 71%(95% CI 61-80%,n = 2323),对第三代头孢菌素的敏感率为 35%(95% CI 22-49%,n = 2076),对碳青霉烯类的敏感率为 89%(95% CI 78-97%,n = 2080)。金黄色葡萄球菌对氟氯西林的总敏感率为72%(95% CI 58-83%,n = 1666),肺炎链球菌脑膜炎分离株对氨苄西林的敏感率为26%(95% CI 11-44%,n = 375),对第三代头孢菌素的敏感率为63%(95% CI 40-84%,n = 246)。解释:西太平洋地区儿童常见感染病菌的抗菌药耐药性负担沉重,目前世界卫生组织推荐的治疗这些感染的抗生素可能无效。有必要制定战略,改善高质量数据的可用性,以了解该地区的抗菌药耐药性负担。本研究的部分资金来自威康信托基金[220211/Z/20/Z]。出于开放存取的目的,作者已对本论文的任何作者接受稿件版本申请了 CC BY 公共版权许可。
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引用次数: 0
Approaching a cure for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: how close are we from there? 接近治愈鼻咽癌:我们离目标还有多远?
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101186
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引用次数: 0
Challenges or opportunities in developing clinical research in resource-limited regions? Insights from a province-wide survey of Chinese health professionals 在资源有限地区发展临床研究的挑战或机遇?来自中国卫生专业人员全省调查的启示
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101181
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引用次数: 0
A call to action in improving access to diabetes care in lower- and middle-income countries 改善中低收入国家糖尿病护理服务的行动呼吁
IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101187
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific
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