The study was intended to investigate the stress coping strategies among College of Education (CoE) students in Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mainichi. To investigate the students’ stress coping strategies, descriptive research was carried out among a total of 123 students participants who were randomly drawn from the CoE took part in the study. A self-developed College Students Coping Strategies Scale which entails 15 items has been utilized. The results of the study presented that the students were found to use more positive stress coping strategies than the negative ones. An independent-sample t-test result indicated there is no statistically significant relationship between gender and both positive and negative stress coping strategies. The study is expected to have an impact on broadening the horizon of knowledge and understanding of stress coping strategies practiced by the college of education students. The study will support the college students to identify the positive and negative coping strategies, thereby stick to the healthy ones.
{"title":"Stress Coping Strategies among College Students: A Case in the College of Education, Eritrea Institute of Technology","authors":"Dawit Yikealo, Werede Tareke","doi":"10.23954/OSJ.V3I3.1689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23954/OSJ.V3I3.1689","url":null,"abstract":"The study was intended to investigate the stress coping strategies among College of Education (CoE) students in Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mainichi. To investigate the students’ stress coping strategies, descriptive research was carried out among a total of 123 students participants who were randomly drawn from the CoE took part in the study. A self-developed College Students Coping Strategies Scale which entails 15 items has been utilized. The results of the study presented that the students were found to use more positive stress coping strategies than the negative ones. An independent-sample t-test result indicated there is no statistically significant relationship between gender and both positive and negative stress coping strategies. The study is expected to have an impact on broadening the horizon of knowledge and understanding of stress coping strategies practiced by the college of education students. The study will support the college students to identify the positive and negative coping strategies, thereby stick to the healthy ones. ","PeriodicalId":22809,"journal":{"name":"The Open Food Science Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84492941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computer Aided Design software and their kind are generally considered as Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools; moreover the sophistication level of one determines its maturity level. Education and research are the background to innovation while training is a window to continuity in skills transfer. The BIM uptake in the developing countries is significantly lagging behind; amongst various reasons is the lack of trained professionals. Experts are evolving from the industry professionals who are first trained in the university. This study determined the capacity of Nigerian universities in providing BIM tools training for BIM adoption in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC). The study is quantitative in nature, with the primary data collected through a structured questionnaire survey within the built environment and engineering schools of Nigerian universities. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The institutions are physically ready with relatively sufficient hardware, however technically not ready due to insufficiency of up to date software. There is a significant correlation between software availability and proficiency level of training, while no correlation between academic qualification and the training proficiency. More than 70% of the students are graduating on ‘file based collaboration’ – 2D and 3D CAD knowledge with proficiency level between limited and practical application. However, the collaborative software training received proficiency level of basic to practical application; a 13% trained on collaboration software is very little to providing experts for the industry. This reveals a clear setback in the tools training to carter for the BIM uptake in the country.
{"title":"Building Information Modelling Uptake: Tool Training in Nigeria","authors":"Mansur Hamma-adama, T. Kouider, H. Salman","doi":"10.23954/OSJ.V3I3.1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23954/OSJ.V3I3.1728","url":null,"abstract":"Computer Aided Design software and their kind are generally considered as Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools; moreover the sophistication level of one determines its maturity level. Education and research are the background to innovation while training is a window to continuity in skills transfer. The BIM uptake in the developing countries is significantly lagging behind; amongst various reasons is the lack of trained professionals. Experts are evolving from the industry professionals who are first trained in the university. This study determined the capacity of Nigerian universities in providing BIM tools training for BIM adoption in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC). The study is quantitative in nature, with the primary data collected through a structured questionnaire survey within the built environment and engineering schools of Nigerian universities. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The institutions are physically ready with relatively sufficient hardware, however technically not ready due to insufficiency of up to date software. There is a significant correlation between software availability and proficiency level of training, while no correlation between academic qualification and the training proficiency. More than 70% of the students are graduating on ‘file based collaboration’ – 2D and 3D CAD knowledge with proficiency level between limited and practical application. However, the collaborative software training received proficiency level of basic to practical application; a 13% trained on collaboration software is very little to providing experts for the industry. This reveals a clear setback in the tools training to carter for the BIM uptake in the country.","PeriodicalId":22809,"journal":{"name":"The Open Food Science Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75446872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was conducted to evaluate the teaching practice program practiced every second semester in the College of Education (CoE) found in Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mainefhi. It explored the challenges and strengths of the program. To conduct this qualitative study, a questionnaire and a focused group discussion was used. A total of 104 participants (cooperating teachers, student teachers and supervisors)were selected for the study. The findings reveal that the teaching program in the CoE is practiced in a short time span with difficulties in materializing the proposed budget by the CoE and other challenges that vitiate its quality. However, the involvement of the cooperating teachers (CTs) and supervisors is satisfying. Majority of the student teachers (STs) felt that the practice plays a great role in preparing them for the teaching profession. Therefore, generally solving the budget implementation issue and the minor drawbacks of the program will definitely make it contribute a lot in producing qualified teachers. Finally, these findings are expected to mitigate the limitations of the program and raise the outcome of the practice. Besides, other initial teacher education institutes may benefit from the study findings.
{"title":"Teaching Practice Program in the College of Education – its Strengths and Challenges","authors":"Dawit Yikealo Gebretinsae, Ikali Karvinen","doi":"10.23954/OSJ.V3I3.1688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23954/OSJ.V3I3.1688","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to evaluate the teaching practice program practiced every second semester in the College of Education (CoE) found in Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mainefhi. It explored the challenges and strengths of the program. To conduct this qualitative study, a questionnaire and a focused group discussion was used. A total of 104 participants (cooperating teachers, student teachers and supervisors)were selected for the study. The findings reveal that the teaching program in the CoE is practiced in a short time span with difficulties in materializing the proposed budget by the CoE and other challenges that vitiate its quality. However, the involvement of the cooperating teachers (CTs) and supervisors is satisfying. Majority of the student teachers (STs) felt that the practice plays a great role in preparing them for the teaching profession. Therefore, generally solving the budget implementation issue and the minor drawbacks of the program will definitely make it contribute a lot in producing qualified teachers. Finally, these findings are expected to mitigate the limitations of the program and raise the outcome of the practice. Besides, other initial teacher education institutes may benefit from the study findings.","PeriodicalId":22809,"journal":{"name":"The Open Food Science Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90225463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study narrates the plantation to industrialization processes of Falcata trees through the lens of the Falcata farmers. It recounts the: a) pre-planting story, b) planting story, c) harvest story, d) market story, and e) industry story. This is a narrative research, using post-structuralist approach, and putting forth three philosophical stances: logical positivism, narrative fidelity, and aesthetic finality. Pre-planting story progresses from the motivation of the farmers to plant and his challenges prior to planting season, soil and land preparation, and seedling choice. Planting Story is about the soil, financial matters, trees and the government support to the farming activities. Harvesting Story depends on the land area to be harvested, harvesting mode, harvesting activities and the owner’s return of his investment. Market Story encompasses the search and selection of buyers; and the projected income if the trees are sold. Industrialization Story from the hind sight of the farmers. They only presume that these trees are made into particular products; but the method of making them is unknown to the farmers. The stories of assuring and distressful outlooks of tree farmers reveal much about the Falcata tree industry. Maintaining the stand point of narration, it is revealed that marketing comes before harvesting; and thus alters the order of narrative structure and content.Keywords: Falcata trees, Farmer’s Perspectives, Narrative Research, Tree Farming, Timber Species, Philippines, Asia
{"title":"A Tree Story: Narratives of Paraserianthes Falcataria L. Nielsen (Falcata) Farmers","authors":"Lorlaine R. Dacanay","doi":"10.23954/osj.v3i3.1456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23954/osj.v3i3.1456","url":null,"abstract":"The study narrates the plantation to industrialization processes of Falcata trees through the lens of the Falcata farmers. It recounts the: a) pre-planting story, b) planting story, c) harvest story, d) market story, and e) industry story. This is a narrative research, using post-structuralist approach, and putting forth three philosophical stances: logical positivism, narrative fidelity, and aesthetic finality. Pre-planting story progresses from the motivation of the farmers to plant and his challenges prior to planting season, soil and land preparation, and seedling choice. Planting Story is about the soil, financial matters, trees and the government support to the farming activities. Harvesting Story depends on the land area to be harvested, harvesting mode, harvesting activities and the owner’s return of his investment. Market Story encompasses the search and selection of buyers; and the projected income if the trees are sold. Industrialization Story from the hind sight of the farmers. They only presume that these trees are made into particular products; but the method of making them is unknown to the farmers. The stories of assuring and distressful outlooks of tree farmers reveal much about the Falcata tree industry. Maintaining the stand point of narration, it is revealed that marketing comes before harvesting; and thus alters the order of narrative structure and content.Keywords: Falcata trees, Farmer’s Perspectives, Narrative Research, Tree Farming, Timber Species, Philippines, Asia","PeriodicalId":22809,"journal":{"name":"The Open Food Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89353415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open science refers to all scientific culture that is described by its openness. It may often include features of open access, open data, and open source. Fecher and Friesike (2014) identify five open science schools of thought: the public school, which is about the accessibility of knowledge creation; the democratic school, which is about equality of access to knowledge; the pragmatic school, which is about collaborative research; the infrastructure school, which is about the technological architecture; and the measurement school, which is about alternative impact measurement. This article argues that there are only two open science schools, the public and democratic iterations, that can defend themselves against the serious epistemic objections to open science. In addition, if society supports an “open discussion” policy, societies will gain much more benefit from open science. These two schools, therefore, have more epistemic value than the other schools.
{"title":"The Epistemic Value of Open Science","authors":"Siraprapa Chavanayarn","doi":"10.23954/OSJ.V3I3.1664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23954/OSJ.V3I3.1664","url":null,"abstract":"Open science refers to all scientific culture that is described by its openness. It may often include features of open access, open data, and open source. Fecher and Friesike (2014) identify five open science schools of thought: the public school, which is about the accessibility of knowledge creation; the democratic school, which is about equality of access to knowledge; the pragmatic school, which is about collaborative research; the infrastructure school, which is about the technological architecture; and the measurement school, which is about alternative impact measurement. This article argues that there are only two open science schools, the public and democratic iterations, that can defend themselves against the serious epistemic objections to open science. In addition, if society supports an “open discussion” policy, societies will gain much more benefit from open science. These two schools, therefore, have more epistemic value than the other schools.","PeriodicalId":22809,"journal":{"name":"The Open Food Science Journal","volume":"17 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91440341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. O. Ilori, G. Ibitola, O. Ajanaku, Reuben Dapo Utomewore
This study was carried out on entrance skin dose (ESD) (Radiation) measurement and evaluation (for all age groups) at the State Specialist Hospital, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. Entrance skin doses for randomly selected patients between 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-17 years and above 18 years old undergoing X-ray chest (Poster Anterior) examinations were measured and evaluation of the source-to-skin distance (SSD) records for the patients during the x-ray chest examinations were carried out. The mean ESD reported for chest PA projections were 66.43 µGy, 105.10 µGy, 215.76 µGy and 291.81 µGy respectively for age range 0 - 4 years, 5 - 9 years, 10 - 17 years and above 18 years. The ESD values reported in this present study were same with the NRPB recommendations of year 2000 of 50 µGy for newborn to 1-year-old, 70 µGy for 5 years and 120 µGy for 10 years old children. The values reported for age 1 to 4 years were lower than 0.1 mGy recommended and the mean ESD for age 5 to 9 years for chest PA examination was 0.11 mGy which is lower than the recommended 0.12 mGy. However, other values reported in this present study were compared with the guidance levels set by the International regulation bodies and were found to be within safe limits and they do not pose any significant health risk to the patients of all age ranges or the health workers. The effective radiation doses (ERDs) for all the age groups were computed, and by comparisons, it was found that the radiation risk factors (RRFs) are relatively low.
{"title":"Entrance Skin Dose (Radiation) Measurement and Evaluation (for all age groups) at the State Specialist Hospital, Okitipupa, Nigeria","authors":"A. O. Ilori, G. Ibitola, O. Ajanaku, Reuben Dapo Utomewore","doi":"10.23954/OSJ.V3I2.1658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23954/OSJ.V3I2.1658","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out on entrance skin dose (ESD) (Radiation) measurement and evaluation (for all age groups) at the State Specialist Hospital, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. Entrance skin doses for randomly selected patients between 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-17 years and above 18 years old undergoing X-ray chest (Poster Anterior) examinations were measured and evaluation of the source-to-skin distance (SSD) records for the patients during the x-ray chest examinations were carried out. The mean ESD reported for chest PA projections were 66.43 µGy, 105.10 µGy, 215.76 µGy and 291.81 µGy respectively for age range 0 - 4 years, 5 - 9 years, 10 - 17 years and above 18 years. The ESD values reported in this present study were same with the NRPB recommendations of year 2000 of 50 µGy for newborn to 1-year-old, 70 µGy for 5 years and 120 µGy for 10 years old children. The values reported for age 1 to 4 years were lower than 0.1 mGy recommended and the mean ESD for age 5 to 9 years for chest PA examination was 0.11 mGy which is lower than the recommended 0.12 mGy. However, other values reported in this present study were compared with the guidance levels set by the International regulation bodies and were found to be within safe limits and they do not pose any significant health risk to the patients of all age ranges or the health workers. The effective radiation doses (ERDs) for all the age groups were computed, and by comparisons, it was found that the radiation risk factors (RRFs) are relatively low.","PeriodicalId":22809,"journal":{"name":"The Open Food Science Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75885495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: In Thailand TB and MDR-TB treatment was found in all levels of the unit of health service system, but the failed treatment especially for MDRTB was found 8.2% in the lower part of northeastern Thailand. In the complex situation, only the medical care cannot eradicate MDR-TB.This study aimed to explain the failure treatment of patient with MDR-TB over 3 generations within 1household.Method: This qualitative method collected data by in-depth in the province located at northeast Thailand; 5 patients and failure treatment of MDR-TB were investigated. The data was analyzed using content analysis.Introduction: In Thailand TB and MDR-TB treatment was found in all levels of the unit of health service system, but the failed treatment especially for MDRTB was found 8.2% in the lower part of northeastern Thailand. In the complex situation, only the medical care cannot eradicate MDR-TB. This study aimed to explain the failure treatment of patient with MDR-TB over 3 generations within 1household. Method: This qualitative method collected data by in-depth in the province located at northeast Thailand; 5 patients and failure treatment of MDR-TB were investigated. The data was analyzed using content analysis. Result: One grandmother, 78 years old, have had twice received treatments and still alive. The mother failed treatment and died from MDR-TB at 54 years old aggravated by noncompliance to drug treatment. The father defaulted treatment due to alcohol consumption, and the second treatment was cured but the subject died at 61 years old. The son and daughter comprised default treatment caused from the household problem of low income, drug addiction, alcohol consumption and divorce. The elder brother did not return to treatment and his symptoms worsened. However, the younger sister, 21 years old, returned to treatment for 4 months. The supportive factors of failed treatment that led patients to cease taking drugs more than 2 months and deny continuing treatment included low income, household problems and drug addiction. Recommendation: Only the medication could not cure or achieve successful treatment, but socio-economic factors such as the understanding of the patient’s context was crucial equally the same as the MDR-TB drug. This factor was effecting to compliance of MDR-TB patient care and treatment.
{"title":"The Failed Treatment of MDR-TB in Three Generations: A Case Study of the Household in Northeastern, Thailand","authors":"Orathai Srithongtham, Ubonsri Thabuddha, Supasai Sangawong","doi":"10.23954/OSJ.V3I2.1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23954/OSJ.V3I2.1167","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Thailand TB and MDR-TB treatment was found in all levels of the unit of health service system, but the failed treatment especially for MDRTB was found 8.2% in the lower part of northeastern Thailand. In the complex situation, only the medical care cannot eradicate MDR-TB.This study aimed to explain the failure treatment of patient with MDR-TB over 3 generations within 1household.Method: This qualitative method collected data by in-depth in the province located at northeast Thailand; 5 patients and failure treatment of MDR-TB were investigated. The data was analyzed using content analysis.Introduction: In Thailand TB and MDR-TB treatment was found in all levels of the unit of health service system, but the failed treatment especially for MDRTB was found 8.2% in the lower part of northeastern Thailand. In the complex situation, only the medical care cannot eradicate MDR-TB. This study aimed to explain the failure treatment of patient with MDR-TB over 3 generations within 1household. Method: This qualitative method collected data by in-depth in the province located at northeast Thailand; 5 patients and failure treatment of MDR-TB were investigated. The data was analyzed using content analysis. Result: One grandmother, 78 years old, have had twice received treatments and still alive. The mother failed treatment and died from MDR-TB at 54 years old aggravated by noncompliance to drug treatment. The father defaulted treatment due to alcohol consumption, and the second treatment was cured but the subject died at 61 years old. The son and daughter comprised default treatment caused from the household problem of low income, drug addiction, alcohol consumption and divorce. The elder brother did not return to treatment and his symptoms worsened. However, the younger sister, 21 years old, returned to treatment for 4 months. The supportive factors of failed treatment that led patients to cease taking drugs more than 2 months and deny continuing treatment included low income, household problems and drug addiction. Recommendation: Only the medication could not cure or achieve successful treatment, but socio-economic factors such as the understanding of the patient’s context was crucial equally the same as the MDR-TB drug. This factor was effecting to compliance of MDR-TB patient care and treatment.","PeriodicalId":22809,"journal":{"name":"The Open Food Science Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84644321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Aremu, W. Adegbiji, C. Nwawolo, O. Olajuyin, F. Olatoke
Background: Hoarseness/dysphonia of voice is the most common symptom of laryngeal disorder regardless of its pathology.This study aimed at determining the sociodemographic profile, aetiology, predisposing factors, clinical profile and management of hoarseness.Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective study carried out on all patients who presented hoarseness of voice via the Ear, Nose, and the Throat at the department of a tertiary institution in Nigeria.The study was carried out between October 2015 to September 2017. Data were obtained from patients who gave consent by using pre tested interviewer assisted questionnaire. All the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.Results: Prevalence of hoarseness was 2.4%. There were 58.4% males with male to female ratio being 1.5:1. Housewives were involved 27.6%, Singers 21.5%, Teachers 17.3%, and Clergy 13.1%. Main causes were 96.3% organic causes and 2.8% neurological causes. Common organic causes were 36.4% acute laryngitis, 30.8% chronic laryngitis, and 15.0% vocal nodules.Main predisposing factors were Upper respiratory tract infections 50.5%, Voice abuse 33.6%, and Laryngopharyngeal reflux 29.4%. Commonest duration of the hoarseness prior to presentation were >12 months in 29.4% and 6–9 months in 27.1%. Main clinical features were hoarseness 78.5%, catarrh/cold 73.4%, sensation of lump in the throat 62.6%, and cough 55.6%. Prior medications before presentation to otorhinolaryngologist were local herb 84.6%, over the counter medication 48.6%, and health care center 38.3%. Specialist care was conservative/medical treatment 77.6%, surgical intervention 20.1%, and referral 2.3%.Conclusion: Prevalence of hoarseness of voice was high with associated presentation to the specialist. Organic causes are the commonest with predominant inflammatory origin. Laryngeal neoplasm with associated malignancy was significant in a numbers of patients.
{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Hoarseness in Developing Country","authors":"S. Aremu, W. Adegbiji, C. Nwawolo, O. Olajuyin, F. Olatoke","doi":"10.23954/OSJ.V3I2.1542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23954/OSJ.V3I2.1542","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hoarseness/dysphonia of voice is the most common symptom of laryngeal disorder regardless of its pathology.This study aimed at determining the sociodemographic profile, aetiology, predisposing factors, clinical profile and management of hoarseness.Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective study carried out on all patients who presented hoarseness of voice via the Ear, Nose, and the Throat at the department of a tertiary institution in Nigeria.The study was carried out between October 2015 to September 2017. Data were obtained from patients who gave consent by using pre tested interviewer assisted questionnaire. All the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.Results: Prevalence of hoarseness was 2.4%. There were 58.4% males with male to female ratio being 1.5:1. Housewives were involved 27.6%, Singers 21.5%, Teachers 17.3%, and Clergy 13.1%. Main causes were 96.3% organic causes and 2.8% neurological causes. Common organic causes were 36.4% acute laryngitis, 30.8% chronic laryngitis, and 15.0% vocal nodules.Main predisposing factors were Upper respiratory tract infections 50.5%, Voice abuse 33.6%, and Laryngopharyngeal reflux 29.4%. Commonest duration of the hoarseness prior to presentation were >12 months in 29.4% and 6–9 months in 27.1%. Main clinical features were hoarseness 78.5%, catarrh/cold 73.4%, sensation of lump in the throat 62.6%, and cough 55.6%. Prior medications before presentation to otorhinolaryngologist were local herb 84.6%, over the counter medication 48.6%, and health care center 38.3%. Specialist care was conservative/medical treatment 77.6%, surgical intervention 20.1%, and referral 2.3%.Conclusion: Prevalence of hoarseness of voice was high with associated presentation to the specialist. Organic causes are the commonest with predominant inflammatory origin. Laryngeal neoplasm with associated malignancy was significant in a numbers of patients.","PeriodicalId":22809,"journal":{"name":"The Open Food Science Journal","volume":"287 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78487045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1874256401509010005
A. Liguori, E. Belsito, M. D. Gioia, A. Leggio, F. Malagrinò, E. Romio, C. Siciliano, A. Tagarelli
The present investigation reports a study about the evolution, during ripening, of the fatty acid profile and the fatty acid composition in acylglycerols of three different fermented sausages industrially produced in the Calabria region (Southern Italy). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was applied to the results obtained for the profiles to check all the differences between samples. The study comprised also an evaluation of the lipid oxidation level. All kind of sausages showed a free fatty acids profile in which the monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant, followed by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In acylglycerols, a low content in linoleic acid (approximately 2% of total methyl esters) was displayed, while that found in the free fatty acids profile was higher (approximately 17% of total FFAs). In addition, the generation of aldehydes through secondary lipid oxidation was clearly confirmed after long ripening period by classical qualitative colorimetric method supported by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The differences in fatty acids profiles observed in the free fatty acids and the acylglycerol fractions were certainly due to the high selectivity of lypase activity during the ripening.
{"title":"GC/MS Analysis of Fatty Acids in Italian Dry Fermented Sausages","authors":"A. Liguori, E. Belsito, M. D. Gioia, A. Leggio, F. Malagrinò, E. Romio, C. Siciliano, A. Tagarelli","doi":"10.2174/1874256401509010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874256401509010005","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation reports a study about the evolution, during ripening, of the fatty acid profile and the fatty acid composition in acylglycerols of three different fermented sausages industrially produced in the Calabria region (Southern Italy). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was applied to the results obtained for the profiles to check all the differences between samples. The study comprised also an evaluation of the lipid oxidation level. All kind of sausages showed a free fatty acids profile in which the monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant, followed by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In acylglycerols, a low content in linoleic acid (approximately 2% of total methyl esters) was displayed, while that found in the free fatty acids profile was higher (approximately 17% of total FFAs). In addition, the generation of aldehydes through secondary lipid oxidation was clearly confirmed after long ripening period by classical qualitative colorimetric method supported by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The differences in fatty acids profiles observed in the free fatty acids and the acylglycerol fractions were certainly due to the high selectivity of lypase activity during the ripening.","PeriodicalId":22809,"journal":{"name":"The Open Food Science Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82247619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1874256401509010014
L. Musoke, N. Banadda, C. Sempala, J. Kigozi
Cooking food in polyethylene bags has of late substituted banana leaves in Uganda. However, such a practice is risky as chemical contaminants may migrate from polyethylene bags into food during cooking causing health complications. Therefore, this study was done to identify and quantify the levels of chemical contaminants (heavy metals) in black and green polyethylene bags. Polyethylene bags were ashed and digested with acid and heavy metal concentrations determined using an AAS. Samples analyzed contained heavy metals with concentrations ranging between; 1125 - 1725, 76 - 112, 35 - 52, 18 - 31 ppm for Pb, Cd, Cr and Co respectively. Heavy metal migration studies into posho cooked in the black polyethylene bags was done at 65 o C (T1), 80oC (T2) and 95 o C (T3). The highest migrated heavy metal concentrations 120.60, 12.25, 9.45 and 15.42 ppm for Pb, Cd, Cr and Co respectively were obtained at T3 at the surface of the posho cube (0.5cm) after 5 hours of heating. While the lowest values for Pb (10.60 ppm), Cd (1.26 ppm), Cr (0.20 ppm) and Co (1.55 ppm) were obtained at T1 towards the centroid of the posho cube (1.5 cm) after 2 hours of heating. Pb migrated highest followed by Co, Cr and Cd. Though small quantities migrated, over a long period of time they may accumulate in the body and cause health complications to the victims. To make this research of substantial importance to the polyethylene bag user, the findings were disseminated through media to the general public.
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