Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.25081/JP.2019.V11.3829
Abubakar Umar Labo, Gufran Ahmad Abrar Ahmad Khan
{"title":"INCIDENCE OF POWDERY MILDEW ON CUCURBIT PLANTS IN KATSINA, NIGERIA","authors":"Abubakar Umar Labo, Gufran Ahmad Abrar Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.25081/JP.2019.V11.3829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JP.2019.V11.3829","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"191 1","pages":"05-09"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75807672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.25081/JP.2019.V11.5613
K. Arulmoorthy, S. Sundareswaran
Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel) is an important spice tree propagated by seeds. However, the seeds are sensitive to desiccation and considered as recalcitrant. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to analyze its level of desiccation and changes takes place during water loss. The results indicated that the reduction in seed moisture from 47.4 per cent leads to loss in viability. In which, the initial seed germination (100 %) declines slowly during desiccation and at the seed moisture content of 33.1 per cent it recorded 69 per cent germination at six days of exposure under ambient temperature (30±20C). Further moisture loss leads to drastic reduction in germination and hence, this could be the critical or lowest safe moisture content. In addition, the reduction in seedling vigour and enzymatic activity and increase in seed leachate were noticed during desiccation of the curry leaf seeds.
{"title":"Physiological and biochemical changes in desiccation sensitive curry leaf (Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel) seeds","authors":"K. Arulmoorthy, S. Sundareswaran","doi":"10.25081/JP.2019.V11.5613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JP.2019.V11.5613","url":null,"abstract":"Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel) is an important spice tree propagated by seeds. However, the seeds are sensitive to desiccation and considered as recalcitrant. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to analyze its level of desiccation and changes takes place during water loss. The results indicated that the reduction in seed moisture from 47.4 per cent leads to loss in viability. In which, the initial seed germination (100 %) declines slowly during desiccation and at the seed moisture content of 33.1 per cent it recorded 69 per cent germination at six days of exposure under ambient temperature (30±20C). Further moisture loss leads to drastic reduction in germination and hence, this could be the critical or lowest safe moisture content. In addition, the reduction in seedling vigour and enzymatic activity and increase in seed leachate were noticed during desiccation of the curry leaf seeds.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"15 1","pages":"38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73248153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3524
D. Anbarasi, K. Haripriya, C. Sathappan, D. Stella
In Tamilnadu, Ariyalur district contributes a major share of cluster onion production. An ideotype popular among the growers of this locality is preferred by consumers of entire state for its size, storability and taste. Hence the present investigation was carried out the in a farmer’s field at Vennallur located in Ariyalur District during 2017. The experiment was laid out with seven treatments in randomized block design. Each treatment was replicated thrice. The treatments included three kinds of practices adopted by the farmers of the tract and four others where bulky organic manures (Vermicompost, Poultry manure) and concentrated organic manures (Neem cake and Groundnut cake) were substituted on ‘N’ equivalent basis, along with biofertilizers (Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria) and foliar spray of Panchakavya (3%). All the four treatments with organic inputs (T4 to T7) gave better results, when compared to farmer’s practice (T1 and T2). Though T3 was the best, incorporation of Poultry manure+Neem cake (T6) and Poultry manure+Groundnut cake (T7) along with Biofertilizer+Panchakavya 3 % improved the yield significantly in order.
{"title":"RESPONSE OF AN IDEOTYPE OF CLUSTER ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L. VAR. AGGREGATUM) TO FARM AND ANIMAL WASTES","authors":"D. Anbarasi, K. Haripriya, C. Sathappan, D. Stella","doi":"10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3524","url":null,"abstract":"In Tamilnadu, Ariyalur district contributes a major share of cluster onion production. An ideotype popular among the growers of this locality is preferred by consumers of entire state for its size, storability and taste. Hence the present investigation was carried out the in a farmer’s field at Vennallur located in Ariyalur District during 2017. The experiment was laid out with seven treatments in randomized block design. Each treatment was replicated thrice. The treatments included three kinds of practices adopted by the farmers of the tract and four others where bulky organic manures (Vermicompost, Poultry manure) and concentrated organic manures (Neem cake and Groundnut cake) were substituted on ‘N’ equivalent basis, along with biofertilizers (Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria) and foliar spray of Panchakavya (3%). All the four treatments with organic inputs (T4 to T7) gave better results, when compared to farmer’s practice (T1 and T2). Though T3 was the best, incorporation of Poultry manure+Neem cake (T6) and Poultry manure+Groundnut cake (T7) along with Biofertilizer+Panchakavya 3 % improved the yield significantly in order.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"25 1","pages":"37-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84050238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3408
S. Vidya, T. Sabesan, K. Saravanan
The genetic divergence was estimated in 21 blackgram genotypes, using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The experiment was conducted at Plant Breeding Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University during January 2017. Analysis of genetic variance indicated the presence of sufficient variation among the selected genotypes. Based on 11 morphological and quality characters namely, days to first flower, plant height (cm), number of primary branches, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), pod weight (g), number of seeds per pod, seed size (cm), 100 seed weight (g), yield per plant (g), these genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters showing fair degree of relationship between geographical distribution and genetic divergence. Cluster I, with 6 genotypes, was the largest cluster followed by cluster IV and V with 5 genotypes. The intra cluster distance was maximum (D=809.83) in cluster V. The maximum inter cluster distance (D2=2932.162) was recorded between cluster II and III. All cluster mean values are distributed in relatively distant clusters. Traits like yield per plant (70.47%) followed by 100 seed weight (17%) were the major contributors to total genetic divergence.
{"title":"GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo L.) FOR YIELD AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS","authors":"S. Vidya, T. Sabesan, K. Saravanan","doi":"10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3408","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic divergence was estimated in 21 blackgram genotypes, using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The experiment was conducted at Plant Breeding Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University during January 2017. Analysis of genetic variance indicated the presence of sufficient variation among the selected genotypes. Based on 11 morphological and quality characters namely, days to first flower, plant height (cm), number of primary branches, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), pod weight (g), number of seeds per pod, seed size (cm), 100 seed weight (g), yield per plant (g), these genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters showing fair degree of relationship between geographical distribution and genetic divergence. Cluster I, with 6 genotypes, was the largest cluster followed by cluster IV and V with 5 genotypes. The intra cluster distance was maximum (D=809.83) in cluster V. The maximum inter cluster distance (D2=2932.162) was recorded between cluster II and III. All cluster mean values are distributed in relatively distant clusters. Traits like yield per plant (70.47%) followed by 100 seed weight (17%) were the major contributors to total genetic divergence.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"12 1","pages":"24-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76700302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3400
M. Helaly, A. Arafa, H. Ibrahim, K. Ghoniem
Two field experiments were conducted during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to assess tomato growth and yield as affected by some biostimulants and micronutrients with or without mulching type. Certain physiological characters were also examined, plant height, the number of branches per plant chlorophyll a, nitrogen %, red fruit weight and total yield per plant as well as fruit firmness and ascorbic acid concentration in fruit was increased in tomatoes under black plastic mulch compared with bar soil. Application of either biostimulants or micronutrient used to increase all growth and yield characters as well as photosynthetic pigments, ions percentage, and fruit quality. Additive effects were shown under mulching, seaweed extract proved to be the most effective in this respect. It could be recommended that spraying tomato crop at 35 and 50 d from transplanting with 500 mg/l seaweed extract under clear or black plastic mulch in order for inducing the highest yield and improve fruit quality.
{"title":"Improving growth and productivity of tomato by some biostimulants and micronutrients with or without mulching","authors":"M. Helaly, A. Arafa, H. Ibrahim, K. Ghoniem","doi":"10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3400","url":null,"abstract":"Two field experiments were conducted during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to assess tomato growth and yield as affected by some biostimulants and micronutrients with or without mulching type. Certain physiological characters were also examined, plant height, the number of branches per plant chlorophyll a, nitrogen %, red fruit weight and total yield per plant as well as fruit firmness and ascorbic acid concentration in fruit was increased in tomatoes under black plastic mulch compared with bar soil. Application of either biostimulants or micronutrient used to increase all growth and yield characters as well as photosynthetic pigments, ions percentage, and fruit quality. Additive effects were shown under mulching, seaweed extract proved to be the most effective in this respect. It could be recommended that spraying tomato crop at 35 and 50 d from transplanting with 500 mg/l seaweed extract under clear or black plastic mulch in order for inducing the highest yield and improve fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"99 1","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81294187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3457
S. Anitha, N. Karthika
The present study is to analyse the antixenosis mechanisms of resistance in ten okra accessions against Shoot and Fruit Borer E. vittella. With regard to the free choice feeding preference, the accessions IC140880 and Trichi local were not preferred by any larvae even up to 8 h. The fruit damage of Coimbatore local by the larvae in 8 h was recorded as lowest, in confined condition. The accession IC 282228 fruit was bored up to a length 9.1 cm by the larvae in 8 h. On studying the oviposition preference, the accessions IC140880 and Trichi local were least preferred by E. vittella adults. The length and breadth and number of trichomes of these accessions were recorded as maximum. It was observed that the fruit length of IC140880 were greater than other accessions whereas Trichi local recorded higher fruit width compared to other accessions. While assessing the Fruit angle to stem, Coimbatore local recorded a higher value followed by Trichi local, IC140880 and IC 218877. The incidence of shoot and fruit borer was high in IC282228. In overall observation, weight and yield of the fruit is high in IC140880 followed by Trichi local.
{"title":"Antixenosis resistance in okra accessions against shoot and fruit borer Earias vittella (Fab.)","authors":"S. Anitha, N. Karthika","doi":"10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3457","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is to analyse the antixenosis mechanisms of resistance in ten okra accessions against Shoot and Fruit Borer E. vittella. With regard to the free choice feeding preference, the accessions IC140880 and Trichi local were not preferred by any larvae even up to 8 h. The fruit damage of Coimbatore local by the larvae in 8 h was recorded as lowest, in confined condition. The accession IC 282228 fruit was bored up to a length 9.1 cm by the larvae in 8 h. On studying the oviposition preference, the accessions IC140880 and Trichi local were least preferred by E. vittella adults. The length and breadth and number of trichomes of these accessions were recorded as maximum. It was observed that the fruit length of IC140880 were greater than other accessions whereas Trichi local recorded higher fruit width compared to other accessions. While assessing the Fruit angle to stem, Coimbatore local recorded a higher value followed by Trichi local, IC140880 and IC 218877. The incidence of shoot and fruit borer was high in IC282228. In overall observation, weight and yield of the fruit is high in IC140880 followed by Trichi local.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"12 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74586271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3459
A. Anburani
The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of off season soil management practices on yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with ten treatments in three replications consisted of five off-season land management treatments viz., fallow (S1), summer ploughing 2 times (S2), summer ploughing 1 time (S3), solarization with transparent polyethylene film of 0.05 mm thick for 40 d (S4) and black polyethylene film for 40 d (S5). It was tested with two popular cultivars viz., Curcuma longa-1 CL-1 (V1) and Curcuma longa-2 CL-2 (V2), collected from Erode and Chidambaram. Various yield components were recorded at the time of harvest and were analysed. The yield attributing characters viz., number, length, girth and weight of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes were recorded. The treatment where solarization with transparent polyethylene film of 0.05 mm thick was tested recorded the highest yield and yield attributing characters when compared to other treatments. The same treatment also exhibited the highest fresh rhizome yield per plant, curing percentage and cured rhizome yield. The quality parameters like curcumin, oleoresin and essential oil content were also showed superior performance in the treatment where solarization with transparent polyethylene film of 0.05 mm thick was applied.
本试验旨在研究淡季土壤管理措施对姜黄品种产量和品质的影响。试验采用因子随机区组设计，分3个重复，共10个处理，包括5个淡季土地管理处理，即休耕(S1)、夏耕2次(S2)、夏耕1次(S3)、0.05 mm厚透明聚乙烯膜日晒40 d (S4)和黑色聚乙烯膜日晒40 d (S5)。以两种流行品种姜黄-1 CL-1 (V1)和姜黄-2 CL-2 (V2)为试验材料，分别采自美国罗德和奇丹巴拉姆。在收获时记录了各种产量成分并进行了分析。记录了母、初、次生根茎的数量、长度、周长和重量等产量性状。与其他处理相比，0.05 mm厚透明聚乙烯膜辐照处理的产量和产量归因性状最高。同一处理单株鲜根茎产量、熟化率和根茎产量最高。在0.05 mm厚的透明聚乙烯膜辐照处理下，姜黄素、油树脂、精油含量等质量参数也表现出较好的性能。
{"title":"Influence of off-season land management on maximizing yield and quality of Curcuma longa L. cultivars","authors":"A. Anburani","doi":"10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3459","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of off season soil management practices on yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with ten treatments in three replications consisted of five off-season land management treatments viz., fallow (S1), summer ploughing 2 times (S2), summer ploughing 1 time (S3), solarization with transparent polyethylene film of 0.05 mm thick for 40 d (S4) and black polyethylene film for 40 d (S5). It was tested with two popular cultivars viz., Curcuma longa-1 CL-1 (V1) and Curcuma longa-2 CL-2 (V2), collected from Erode and Chidambaram. Various yield components were recorded at the time of harvest and were analysed. The yield attributing characters viz., number, length, girth and weight of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes were recorded. The treatment where solarization with transparent polyethylene film of 0.05 mm thick was tested recorded the highest yield and yield attributing characters when compared to other treatments. The same treatment also exhibited the highest fresh rhizome yield per plant, curing percentage and cured rhizome yield. The quality parameters like curcumin, oleoresin and essential oil content were also showed superior performance in the treatment where solarization with transparent polyethylene film of 0.05 mm thick was applied.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"207 1","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74840645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3407
V. Mohanlal, K. Saravanan, T. Sabesan
A study was carried out with twenty-one blackgram genotypes in coastal saline low land in three seasons to study the genetic correlation and path coefficient analysis. Eleven seed yield and yield contributing traits were recorded on the genotypes raised in RBD design with two replications. Based on the pooled analysis, plant height, pods per plant and yield per plant recorded high PCV and GCV value. High heritability along with genetic advance as percent of mean observed for days to first flowering, plant height, primary branches, clusters per plant, pods per plant and yield per plant. Genotypic correlation studies revealed that yield per plant had positive significant correlation with plant height, clusters per plant, pods per plant, pod length and seeds per pod. Path coefficient analysis indicated high positive direct effect of pods per plant and pod length on yield per plant in saline condition. The genotype VBG-10010 performed well under saline environment over seasons.
{"title":"STUDIES ON GENETIC CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo [L.] Hepper) GENOTYPES UNDER SALINITY","authors":"V. Mohanlal, K. Saravanan, T. Sabesan","doi":"10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JP.2018.V10.3407","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out with twenty-one blackgram genotypes in coastal saline low land in three seasons to study the genetic correlation and path coefficient analysis. Eleven seed yield and yield contributing traits were recorded on the genotypes raised in RBD design with two replications. Based on the pooled analysis, plant height, pods per plant and yield per plant recorded high PCV and GCV value. High heritability along with genetic advance as percent of mean observed for days to first flowering, plant height, primary branches, clusters per plant, pods per plant and yield per plant. Genotypic correlation studies revealed that yield per plant had positive significant correlation with plant height, clusters per plant, pods per plant, pod length and seeds per pod. Path coefficient analysis indicated high positive direct effect of pods per plant and pod length on yield per plant in saline condition. The genotype VBG-10010 performed well under saline environment over seasons.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"3 1","pages":"09-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91554265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.25081/JP.2019.V11.3827
K. Arunkumar, V. Jegadeeswari
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) belonging to the family Malvaceae is one of the important beverage crops after tea and coffee. Theobroma means “Food of God”. Amazon valley of South America is native of cocoa and at present cocoa cultivation is spread across many countries [8]. The economic part is cocoa beans which is a rich source of fat, protein, carbohydrate, theobromine, caffeine, caffeic acid, catechin and epicatechin with antioxidant properties. These beans are mainly used in chocolate industry as source of cocoa butter and cocoa mass. The post harvest practices in cocoa is important operation to decide the product quality which reflects in market price [11]. methylxanthine alkaloids like theobromine and caffeine in cocoa beans have stimulatory activity on central nervous system, prevents cardio vascular diseases and are also used in pharmaceutical industry to prepare bronchodilators drug [1]. However, high doses affect the central nervous system and may induce addiction and anxiety [9].
{"title":"Evaluating the processed beans of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) accessions for quality parameters","authors":"K. Arunkumar, V. Jegadeeswari","doi":"10.25081/JP.2019.V11.3827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JP.2019.V11.3827","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) belonging to the family Malvaceae is one of the important beverage crops after tea and coffee. Theobroma means “Food of God”. Amazon valley of South America is native of cocoa and at present cocoa cultivation is spread across many countries [8]. The economic part is cocoa beans which is a rich source of fat, protein, carbohydrate, theobromine, caffeine, caffeic acid, catechin and epicatechin with antioxidant properties. These beans are mainly used in chocolate industry as source of cocoa butter and cocoa mass. The post harvest practices in cocoa is important operation to decide the product quality which reflects in market price [11]. methylxanthine alkaloids like theobromine and caffeine in cocoa beans have stimulatory activity on central nervous system, prevents cardio vascular diseases and are also used in pharmaceutical industry to prepare bronchodilators drug [1]. However, high doses affect the central nervous system and may induce addiction and anxiety [9].","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"13 1","pages":"01-04"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84812792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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