Pub Date : 2016-05-14DOI: 10.19071/JP.2016.V8.3022
P. N. Bhattacharyya, M. Goswami, L. Bhattacharyya
Agriculture is a complex network of interactions of plants with microorganisms. There is a growing demand for ecologically compatible environment friendly technique in agriculture that might be able to provide adequate supply of nutrients for the increasing human populations through improvement of the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Under the changing climatic scenario of global fluxes of the key biogenic greenhouse gases (CO 2 , methane and nitrous oxide), and some other environmental problems, the application of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture would serve as an important alternative gateway to some of the traditional agricultural techniques. Microorganisms of agricultural importance represent key ecological strategy for integrated management practices like nutrient management, disease and pest management in order to reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture as well to improve cultivar performance. The present review is intended to focus on the emergence of agriculturally important microorganisms (AIMs) to develop an ideal agricultural system through efficient utilization of nutrients and recycling of energy and thereby to preserve the natural ecosystem resources under climate change. The progress to date in using the beneficial microflora in a variety of applications related to agriculture along with key mechanism of action is also discussed in this review.
{"title":"Perspective of beneficial microbes in agriculture under changing climatic scenario: a review","authors":"P. N. Bhattacharyya, M. Goswami, L. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.19071/JP.2016.V8.3022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19071/JP.2016.V8.3022","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is a complex network of interactions of plants with microorganisms. There is a growing demand for ecologically compatible environment friendly technique in agriculture that might be able to provide adequate supply of nutrients for the increasing human populations through improvement of the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Under the changing climatic scenario of global fluxes of the key biogenic greenhouse gases (CO 2 , methane and nitrous oxide), and some other environmental problems, the application of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture would serve as an important alternative gateway to some of the traditional agricultural techniques. Microorganisms of agricultural importance represent key ecological strategy for integrated management practices like nutrient management, disease and pest management in order to reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture as well to improve cultivar performance. The present review is intended to focus on the emergence of agriculturally important microorganisms (AIMs) to develop an ideal agricultural system through efficient utilization of nutrients and recycling of energy and thereby to preserve the natural ecosystem resources under climate change. The progress to date in using the beneficial microflora in a variety of applications related to agriculture along with key mechanism of action is also discussed in this review.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"21 1","pages":"26-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85676148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.19071/JP.2016.V8.3002
Elizabeth Fb, Obikili E.N, E. EsomA., Anyanwu Ge
Background: Different parts of plants possess variable phytochemical compounds and LD 50 . Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) is one of the plants most commonly consumed in parts of Africa for its various medicinal values. Despite this popularity, the phytochemical screening and the toxicity of the leaf extracts were yet to be evaluated. This study was designed to identify the bioactive agents and estimate the LD 50 for the aqueous leaf extract of gadalli. Method : Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. Each bioactive agent and the LD 50 were estimated by Arithmetic methods of Karber. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed high presence of alkaloids, saponins, and slight presence of glycosides while the oral LD 50 was found to be 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: The major active ingredients of aqueous leaf extract of gadalli are alkaloids and saponins. It is observed to be unsafe at 200mg/kg and above. Keywords: Phytochemicals, Crinum Giganteum , LD 50 , Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Oral Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) in Wister Rats","authors":"Elizabeth Fb, Obikili E.N, E. EsomA., Anyanwu Ge","doi":"10.19071/JP.2016.V8.3002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19071/JP.2016.V8.3002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Different parts of plants possess variable phytochemical compounds and LD 50 . Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) is one of the plants most commonly consumed in parts of Africa for its various medicinal values. Despite this popularity, the phytochemical screening and the toxicity of the leaf extracts were yet to be evaluated. This study was designed to identify the bioactive agents and estimate the LD 50 for the aqueous leaf extract of gadalli. Method : Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. Each bioactive agent and the LD 50 were estimated by Arithmetic methods of Karber. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed high presence of alkaloids, saponins, and slight presence of glycosides while the oral LD 50 was found to be 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: The major active ingredients of aqueous leaf extract of gadalli are alkaloids and saponins. It is observed to be unsafe at 200mg/kg and above. Keywords: Phytochemicals, Crinum Giganteum , LD 50 , Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"16 1","pages":"22-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84963502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-23DOI: 10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2985
A. Giri, S. Pammi, Padmavathi Tvs
Phyllanthus amarus belonging to family Euphorbiaceae is an important medicinal plant from ancient times which is used in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. It is a small annual herb mostly found in Central and Southern India .All parts of this plant have medicinal value and are used in traditional medicines for curing various diseases such as jaundice, hepatitis B, C, microbial infections, viral diseases, tumors and kidney stones etc. Keeping in view its immense medicinal potential, phytochemical analysis was carried out using different solvents such as ethyl acetate, dimethyl formamide, chloroform, dichloromethane and n-Hexane. All the plant parts viz. root, stem and leaf were separately analyzed for the detection of phenols and flavonoids, of which leaf exhibited highest concentration compared to root and stem. Maximum percentage of phenols and flavonoids could be detected with dimethyl formamide in comparison to other solvents that were used in the study. Dimethyl formamide leaf extract displayed highest phenolic content of 40.75mg/g and highest flavonoid content of 51.5mg/g.
{"title":"METABOLIC FINGERPRINTING OF ROOT, STEM AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS","authors":"A. Giri, S. Pammi, Padmavathi Tvs","doi":"10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2985","url":null,"abstract":"Phyllanthus amarus belonging to family Euphorbiaceae is an important medicinal plant from ancient times which is used in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. It is a small annual herb mostly found in Central and Southern India .All parts of this plant have medicinal value and are used in traditional medicines for curing various diseases such as jaundice, hepatitis B, C, microbial infections, viral diseases, tumors and kidney stones etc. Keeping in view its immense medicinal potential, phytochemical analysis was carried out using different solvents such as ethyl acetate, dimethyl formamide, chloroform, dichloromethane and n-Hexane. All the plant parts viz. root, stem and leaf were separately analyzed for the detection of phenols and flavonoids, of which leaf exhibited highest concentration compared to root and stem. Maximum percentage of phenols and flavonoids could be detected with dimethyl formamide in comparison to other solvents that were used in the study. Dimethyl formamide leaf extract displayed highest phenolic content of 40.75mg/g and highest flavonoid content of 51.5mg/g.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"33 1","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82934365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-10DOI: 10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2980
K. Dakshayini, C. Rao, A. Karun, U. Bhavyashree, P. Ujwal
An efficient in vitro propagation and in vitro flowering protocols were developed for the medicinal plant Cichorium intybus (Asteraceae) using leaf disc explants. Media supplemented with the growth regulator naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.5 mg/l) + 6-benzyle adenine (0.25 mg/l) was used for the initial induction of the callus and further subcultured to the same media for the proliferation of the callus. Pale yellow and green calli were noticed, which depends on incorporation of the growth hormones and their varying concentrations. Murashige and Skoog medium in addition with 2 mg/l kinetin+ 0.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IBA) + 500 mg/l casein hydrolysate resulted in maximum regeneration. Media supplemented via IBA (0.5 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l) (98%) was found to be optimum for rhizogenesis for in vitro regenerated plants. For acclimatization 5-6 weeks mature in vitro regenerated plants were transferred into the greenhouse for acclimatization. The histological study revealed the presence actively dividing meristematic cells in callus. The occurrence of the peripheral meristematic zone associated with callus was noticed in after 20 days, which formed the shoot meristems after 45 days of incubation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on high-frequency plant regeneration which was carried out indirectly from the leaf explants which was grown in controlled environment with varying concentration of the growth regulators and histology of callus of different stages from leaf explants of C. intybus.
{"title":"High-frequency plant regeneration and histological analysis of callus in Cichorium intybus: An important medicinal plant","authors":"K. Dakshayini, C. Rao, A. Karun, U. Bhavyashree, P. Ujwal","doi":"10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2980","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient in vitro propagation and in vitro flowering protocols were developed for the medicinal plant Cichorium intybus (Asteraceae) using leaf disc explants. Media supplemented with the growth regulator naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.5 mg/l) + 6-benzyle adenine (0.25 mg/l) was used for the initial induction of the callus and further subcultured to the same media for the proliferation of the callus. Pale yellow and green calli were noticed, which depends on incorporation of the growth hormones and their varying concentrations. Murashige and Skoog medium in addition with 2 mg/l kinetin+ 0.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IBA) + 500 mg/l casein hydrolysate resulted in maximum regeneration. Media supplemented via IBA (0.5 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l) (98%) was found to be optimum for rhizogenesis for in vitro regenerated plants. For acclimatization 5-6 weeks mature in vitro regenerated plants were transferred into the greenhouse for acclimatization. The histological study revealed the presence actively dividing meristematic cells in callus. The occurrence of the peripheral meristematic zone associated with callus was noticed in after 20 days, which formed the shoot meristems after 45 days of incubation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on high-frequency plant regeneration which was carried out indirectly from the leaf explants which was grown in controlled environment with varying concentration of the growth regulators and histology of callus of different stages from leaf explants of C. intybus.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"19 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87247196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-10DOI: 10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2979
U. Bhavyashree, K. Jayaraj, K. S. Muralikrishna, K. K. Sajini, M. K. Rajesh, A. Karun
An attempt was made to establish highly competent embryogenic cell suspension culture in coconut, a species recalcitrant to in vitro culture. Embryogenic calli were initiated from shoot meristem explants of coconut. Y3 medium supplemented with 2.4-D (4.5 μM) and glutamine (34.2 μM) was found to be the best medium to initiate cell suspension. Growth evaluation was done by packed cell volume (PCV) and it was found that maximum growth volume of 9.9% was reached at 200 days of culture initiation. About 52% of viable cells were detected through fluorescent microscopy. Cell aggregation was noticed in Y3 medium supplemented with glutamine (34.2 μM), malt extract (100mg/l), biotin (40.9 μM) and kinetin (9.3 μM), but further progress could not be achieved. It was also observed that embryogenic calli were not of a friable type, but were associated with densely aggregated cells. Because of its hard nature, we were unsuccessful to obtain high quality cell suspension.
{"title":"Initiation of coconut cell suspension culture from shoot meristem derived embryogenic calli: A preliminary study","authors":"U. Bhavyashree, K. Jayaraj, K. S. Muralikrishna, K. K. Sajini, M. K. Rajesh, A. Karun","doi":"10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2979","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt was made to establish highly competent embryogenic cell suspension culture in coconut, a species recalcitrant to in vitro culture. Embryogenic calli were initiated from shoot meristem explants of coconut. Y3 medium supplemented with 2.4-D (4.5 μM) and glutamine (34.2 μM) was found to be the best medium to initiate cell suspension. Growth evaluation was done by packed cell volume (PCV) and it was found that maximum growth volume of 9.9% was reached at 200 days of culture initiation. About 52% of viable cells were detected through fluorescent microscopy. Cell aggregation was noticed in Y3 medium supplemented with glutamine (34.2 μM), malt extract (100mg/l), biotin (40.9 μM) and kinetin (9.3 μM), but further progress could not be achieved. It was also observed that embryogenic calli were not of a friable type, but were associated with densely aggregated cells. Because of its hard nature, we were unsuccessful to obtain high quality cell suspension.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"13 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86379716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-03DOI: 10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2973
C. Gopalakrishnan, T. Binumol
The effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) of Hypnea musciformis (wulf.) Lamour.was tested at different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4 g/ml) on seed germination and biochemical constituents of Vigna radiata L. The extracts promoted seed germination at lower levels of SLF application. The seeds treated with, 2 g/ ml concentration showed maximum seed germination, radicle length, hypocotyl length, seedling length, fresh weight, phytomass, productivity, phytotoxicity, and photosynthetic pigments like Chlorophyll A, B, and total chlorophyll. Moreover, the different extracts of seaweed were subjected to phytochemical screening. All the tested compounds (tannins, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and steroids) were present in varied degrees in Hypnea. The result of the present study can help in the identification and selection of raw materials in agriculture and drug industry.
{"title":"Preliminary studies on the eff ect of bioactive substances of Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamour. on the growth of seedlings in green gram, Vigna radiata L.","authors":"C. Gopalakrishnan, T. Binumol","doi":"10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19071/JP.2016.V8.2973","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) of Hypnea musciformis (wulf.) Lamour.was tested at different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4 g/ml) on seed germination and biochemical constituents of Vigna radiata L. The extracts promoted seed germination at lower levels of SLF application. The seeds treated with, 2 g/ ml concentration showed maximum seed germination, radicle length, hypocotyl length, seedling length, fresh weight, phytomass, productivity, phytotoxicity, and photosynthetic pigments like Chlorophyll A, B, and total chlorophyll. Moreover, the different extracts of seaweed were subjected to phytochemical screening. All the tested compounds (tannins, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and steroids) were present in varied degrees in Hypnea. The result of the present study can help in the identification and selection of raw materials in agriculture and drug industry.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78869196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-23DOI: 10.19071/JP.2015.V7.2921
Geena Mariya Jose, Anitha Radhakrishnan, G. Kurup
Antioxidants play a central role in the prevention of carcinogenesis. The most natural compounds exhibit their protective effects by eliciting antioxidant potential. Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from the brown algae Padina tetrastromatica , then purified and evaluated for its composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimitotic activities. Both ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide (ESPS) and ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide-column purified (ESPS-CP) exhibited considerable amount of carbohydrates (11.2% and 17.6%), sulfate (11.4% and 7.4%), fucose (5.5% and 15.7%), uronic acid (4.7% and 11.8%), xylose (0.5% and 0.03%) and sulfated polysaccharide (2.4% and 12.7%) content. The FTIR analysis and phytochemical screening also confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides. In the in vitro antioxidant activity determination using DPPH (1-1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity and reducing power, ESPS showed more activity than ESPS-CP. In the case of nitric oxide radical scavenging, ESPS-CP was found to be more effective. At a concentration of 2mg/ml, both samples were potent antioxidants with significant IC 50 values. The antimitotic studies such as mitotic index in onion root tips and sprouting assay in green gram seeds also proved that both the extracts are able to prevent mitosis. The extrapolation of these results can find opportunities in therapeutic regiments of cancer.
{"title":"Antioxidant and antimitotic activities of sulfated polysaccharide from marine brown algae Padina tetrastromatica","authors":"Geena Mariya Jose, Anitha Radhakrishnan, G. Kurup","doi":"10.19071/JP.2015.V7.2921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19071/JP.2015.V7.2921","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidants play a central role in the prevention of carcinogenesis. The most natural compounds exhibit their protective effects by eliciting antioxidant potential. Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from the brown algae Padina tetrastromatica , then purified and evaluated for its composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimitotic activities. Both ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide (ESPS) and ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide-column purified (ESPS-CP) exhibited considerable amount of carbohydrates (11.2% and 17.6%), sulfate (11.4% and 7.4%), fucose (5.5% and 15.7%), uronic acid (4.7% and 11.8%), xylose (0.5% and 0.03%) and sulfated polysaccharide (2.4% and 12.7%) content. The FTIR analysis and phytochemical screening also confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides. In the in vitro antioxidant activity determination using DPPH (1-1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity and reducing power, ESPS showed more activity than ESPS-CP. In the case of nitric oxide radical scavenging, ESPS-CP was found to be more effective. At a concentration of 2mg/ml, both samples were potent antioxidants with significant IC 50 values. The antimitotic studies such as mitotic index in onion root tips and sprouting assay in green gram seeds also proved that both the extracts are able to prevent mitosis. The extrapolation of these results can find opportunities in therapeutic regiments of cancer.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"29 1","pages":"39-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76443365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-05DOI: 10.19071/JP.2015.V7.2898
K. Krishnaveni, R. ThaiyalNayaki, G. Balasubramanian
Mosquitoes are the single most important group of insects in terms of public health significance and causing diseases. They are the vectors for the transmission of many viral pathogens and pose serious threat to human health. Chemical insecticides are widely used but they are non-selective and harmful to beneficial organisms. In the present study G. Sepium leaves extracts were used to analyse its effect against Aedes aegypti , to compare the mortality rate while using different solvent extracts of the leaf, to identify the solvent extract which give high rate of larval mortality and to characterise the compounds present in the corresponding leaf extract using phytochemical analysis. The ethanolic extract of G. sepium leaves constitute flavanoids, steroids, glycoside, carbohydrate and saponins compound. Thus it was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of larvae than other solvent extracts. In the statistical analysis highest significant difference was observed between 1.5g/l and 2.0g/l concentration of ethanolic extract and other extracts. However no significant difference was observed in other concentrations. The larvicidal activity of the plant extract may be attributed to the presence of active compounds like terpinoids, saponins and steroids.
{"title":"EFFECT OF Gliricidia sepium LEAVES EXTRACTS ON Aedes aegypti: LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY","authors":"K. Krishnaveni, R. ThaiyalNayaki, G. Balasubramanian","doi":"10.19071/JP.2015.V7.2898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19071/JP.2015.V7.2898","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes are the single most important group of insects in terms of public health significance and causing diseases. They are the vectors for the transmission of many viral pathogens and pose serious threat to human health. Chemical insecticides are widely used but they are non-selective and harmful to beneficial organisms. In the present study G. Sepium leaves extracts were used to analyse its effect against Aedes aegypti , to compare the mortality rate while using different solvent extracts of the leaf, to identify the solvent extract which give high rate of larval mortality and to characterise the compounds present in the corresponding leaf extract using phytochemical analysis. The ethanolic extract of G. sepium leaves constitute flavanoids, steroids, glycoside, carbohydrate and saponins compound. Thus it was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of larvae than other solvent extracts. In the statistical analysis highest significant difference was observed between 1.5g/l and 2.0g/l concentration of ethanolic extract and other extracts. However no significant difference was observed in other concentrations. The larvicidal activity of the plant extract may be attributed to the presence of active compounds like terpinoids, saponins and steroids.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"1 1","pages":"26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82891241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-26DOI: 10.19071/JP.2015.V7.2849
S. S. Ray, Suparna Das, M. N. Ali, Lucina Yeas
Jute is considered as one of the cheapest natural fibre after cotton in terms of its production and uses. Retting is the most important post-harvest operation to yield high quality jute fibre and is solely carried out by various types of retting microorganisms. The present study was undertaken to screen and characterize the efficient retting microbes isolated from retting water based on their enzymatic activity followed by biolog based idenfication of those efficient microbes. These isolates were characterized on the basis of qualitative and quantitative estimation of Pectinolytic, Xylanase and Cellulase activity. Out of 40 isolated strains only 3 were finally identified as efficient jute retting microorganism having high pectinolytic and Xylanase activity coupled with less Cellulase activity. These identified three micro organisms may provide a suitable means to develop a new retting technique especially under water stress condition.
{"title":"Biochemical characterization and Biolog based identification of efficient Jute retting bacterial isolates from retting water","authors":"S. S. Ray, Suparna Das, M. N. Ali, Lucina Yeas","doi":"10.19071/JP.2015.V7.2849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19071/JP.2015.V7.2849","url":null,"abstract":"Jute is considered as one of the cheapest natural fibre after cotton in terms of its production and uses. Retting is the most important post-harvest operation to yield high quality jute fibre and is solely carried out by various types of retting microorganisms. The present study was undertaken to screen and characterize the efficient retting microbes isolated from retting water based on their enzymatic activity followed by biolog based idenfication of those efficient microbes. These isolates were characterized on the basis of qualitative and quantitative estimation of Pectinolytic, Xylanase and Cellulase activity. Out of 40 isolated strains only 3 were finally identified as efficient jute retting microorganism having high pectinolytic and Xylanase activity coupled with less Cellulase activity. These identified three micro organisms may provide a suitable means to develop a new retting technique especially under water stress condition.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"23 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76031861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Induced mutation has been an important tool for a man in bringing desirable changes in plants since times immemorial. Cereals form an integral part of human diet along with pulses, especially in India. Cereals contain a high percentage of carbohydrates along with the considerable amount of proteins. The present experiment was carried out to induce the variability in Hordeum vulgare L. variety RD-2035 and BH-393. The mutagen used in this experiment was hydrazine hydrate (Hz). The mutagen was used singly and in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Usually, the DMSO is considered as a carrier for a mutagen to enhance the mutagenic activity of that particular mutagen used in combination. The two varieties of seeds were treated with individual concentrations of Hz along with combination treatments with DMSO. The seeds were sown to raise the M1 generation. Cytology of both control and treated plants was observed in the M1 generation. The control plants showed normal meiosis, whereas the treated plants showed different chromosomal abnormalities. The different chromosomal abnormalities were laggard, bridge, micronucleus, and univalents. The meiotic abnormalities were low at lower concentrations of both individual and combination treatments while as the percentage abnormalities increased with increasing concentrations of both individual and combination treatments. M1 seeds were sown to raise the M2 generation. Quantitative characters of both control and treated plants were observed. The lower concentrations of both individual and combination treatments induced desirable changes in quantitative characters while as the higher ones induced negative effects.
{"title":"Diff erential genotypic response of two varieties of Hordeum vulgare L. in response to hydrazine hydrate alone and in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide","authors":"Shahnawaz Khursheed, S. Fatima, Samiullah Khan","doi":"10.5455/JP.2015-09-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JP.2015-09-016","url":null,"abstract":"Induced mutation has been an important tool for a man in bringing desirable changes in plants since times immemorial. Cereals form an integral part of human diet along with pulses, especially in India. Cereals contain a high percentage of carbohydrates along with the considerable amount of proteins. The present experiment was carried out to induce the variability in Hordeum vulgare L. variety RD-2035 and BH-393. The mutagen used in this experiment was hydrazine hydrate (Hz). The mutagen was used singly and in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Usually, the DMSO is considered as a carrier for a mutagen to enhance the mutagenic activity of that particular mutagen used in combination. The two varieties of seeds were treated with individual concentrations of Hz along with combination treatments with DMSO. The seeds were sown to raise the M1 generation. Cytology of both control and treated plants was observed in the M1 generation. The control plants showed normal meiosis, whereas the treated plants showed different chromosomal abnormalities. The different chromosomal abnormalities were laggard, bridge, micronucleus, and univalents. The meiotic abnormalities were low at lower concentrations of both individual and combination treatments while as the percentage abnormalities increased with increasing concentrations of both individual and combination treatments. M1 seeds were sown to raise the M2 generation. Quantitative characters of both control and treated plants were observed. The lower concentrations of both individual and combination treatments induced desirable changes in quantitative characters while as the higher ones induced negative effects.","PeriodicalId":22829,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Phytology","volume":"24 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78084696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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