Pub Date : 2008-07-09DOI: 10.2174/1874838400801010026
Y. Iossifova, T. Reponen, M. Daines, L. Levin, G. Hershey
There are two methods available for the analysis of (1-3)- -D-glucan: the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay (LAL) and the inhibition Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and specificity of these two methods in detecting eight alpha and beta-glucan standards, and their sensitivity for the analysis of (1-3)- - D-glucan content of common indoor fungal species and indoor dust samples. The results show that the LAL assay is more accurate, specific, and sensitive in measuring linear and branched -D-glucans than the EIA. The greatest LAL-analyzed (1-3)-� -D-glucan content per spore (241 pg/spore) was found with E. nigrum, which also had the largest spore size (28 μm). The biomass-normalized (1-3)-� -D-glucan content of fungal spores from pure cultures was within similar range with the two assays but no correlation was found between the results from the two assays. In contrast, there was a significant correlation between the EIA and LAL-measured (1-3)-� -D-glucan concentrations (� g/m 2 of floor area) in field dust sam- ples.
目前有两种分析(1-3)-- d -葡聚糖的方法:鲎试剂溶栓法(LAL)和抑制酶免疫法(EIA)。本研究的目的是比较这两种方法检测8种α -葡聚糖和β -葡聚糖标准的准确性和特异性，以及它们对室内常见真菌和室内粉尘样品中(1-3)-- d -葡聚糖含量的敏感性。结果表明，与EIA相比，LAL法在测量线性和支链- d -葡聚糖方面具有更高的准确性、特异性和敏感性。l - 1-3 - d -葡聚糖含量最高的是E. nigrum，其孢子大小也最大(28 μm)。纯培养真菌孢子的生物量归一化(1-3)- d -葡聚糖含量与两种测定结果在相似范围内，但两种测定结果之间没有相关性。相比之下，在田间粉尘样品中，EIA与lal测量的(1-3)- α - d -葡聚糖浓度(-g / m2)之间存在显著相关性。
{"title":"Comparison of Two Analytical Methods for Detecting (1-3)-β-D-Glucan in Pure Fungal Cultures and in Home Dust Samples","authors":"Y. Iossifova, T. Reponen, M. Daines, L. Levin, G. Hershey","doi":"10.2174/1874838400801010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838400801010026","url":null,"abstract":"There are two methods available for the analysis of (1-3)- -D-glucan: the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay (LAL) and the inhibition Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and specificity of these two methods in detecting eight alpha and beta-glucan standards, and their sensitivity for the analysis of (1-3)- - D-glucan content of common indoor fungal species and indoor dust samples. The results show that the LAL assay is more accurate, specific, and sensitive in measuring linear and branched -D-glucans than the EIA. The greatest LAL-analyzed (1-3)-� -D-glucan content per spore (241 pg/spore) was found with E. nigrum, which also had the largest spore size (28 μm). The biomass-normalized (1-3)-� -D-glucan content of fungal spores from pure cultures was within similar range with the two assays but no correlation was found between the results from the two assays. In contrast, there was a significant correlation between the EIA and LAL-measured (1-3)-� -D-glucan concentrations (� g/m 2 of floor area) in field dust sam- ples.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"144 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77470935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-09DOI: 10.2174/1874838400801010019
M. Mets, E. Volkerts, E. Dunnebier, L. D. S. Domis, B. Olivier, J. Verster
Background: Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) has shown to affect quality of life and impair cognitive function- ing. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare driving ability, memory, and psychomotor performance during grass pollen season with winter season in untreated patients with SAR. Methods: Patients with SAR were trained and tested during the grass pollen season (summer) and winter. An on-the-road driving test during normal traffic conditions was performed. Primary parameter is the Standard Deviation of Lateral Posi- tion (SDLP), i.e. the weaving of the car. In addition, a word learning test and continuous performance test were performed and quality of life was assessed. Patients were included if in winter the Total 5-Symptoms Score (T5SS) was 3. Results: 70 patients were recruited of which 22 started the study. Fifteen patients completed the study of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. These 11 patients had a mean T5SS of 6.8 in summer and 0.6 in winter. Patient reported a significantly reduced overall quality of life during grass pollen season (p<0.0001). No significant effects were found on the driving test, except a significant (but not relevant) decrease in mean speed during the grass pollen season (p<0.035). No significant ef- fects were found on the word learning test and continuous performance test. Conclusion: Our data suggest that moderate SAR symptoms do not impair driving ability, memory functioning and con- tinuous performance. However, given the small sample size future studies should confirm these findings.
{"title":"Effects of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis on Driving Ability, Memory Functioning, Sustained Attention, and Quality of Life §","authors":"M. Mets, E. Volkerts, E. Dunnebier, L. D. S. Domis, B. Olivier, J. Verster","doi":"10.2174/1874838400801010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838400801010019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) has shown to affect quality of life and impair cognitive function- ing. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare driving ability, memory, and psychomotor performance during grass pollen season with winter season in untreated patients with SAR. Methods: Patients with SAR were trained and tested during the grass pollen season (summer) and winter. An on-the-road driving test during normal traffic conditions was performed. Primary parameter is the Standard Deviation of Lateral Posi- tion (SDLP), i.e. the weaving of the car. In addition, a word learning test and continuous performance test were performed and quality of life was assessed. Patients were included if in winter the Total 5-Symptoms Score (T5SS) was 3. Results: 70 patients were recruited of which 22 started the study. Fifteen patients completed the study of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. These 11 patients had a mean T5SS of 6.8 in summer and 0.6 in winter. Patient reported a significantly reduced overall quality of life during grass pollen season (p<0.0001). No significant effects were found on the driving test, except a significant (but not relevant) decrease in mean speed during the grass pollen season (p<0.035). No significant ef- fects were found on the word learning test and continuous performance test. Conclusion: Our data suggest that moderate SAR symptoms do not impair driving ability, memory functioning and con- tinuous performance. However, given the small sample size future studies should confirm these findings.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87061228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-17DOI: 10.2174/1874838400801010005
E. Calamelli, G. Ricci, V. Dell'Omo, B. Bendandi, M. Masi
Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is a link between asthma and food allergy. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of food allergy in asthmatic children and to evaluate a possible impact of food allergy on asthma severity. The study enrolled 103 asthmatic children (mean age: 11 years). Skin prick-test, dosage of specific IgE to a standardized panel of inhalant and food allergens and spirometric evaluation was made for each patient. Twenty-four (23%) patients presented food allergy, 75 (77%) were sensitized to at least one food. A lower rate of children with con- trolled symptoms was found in children with food allergy and a higher rate of persistent asthma was found in children sensitized to at least 4 foods. In conclusion, food allergy/sensitization should always be investigated in asthmatic children for its association with increasing severity (only in food sensitized patients) and reduced control of asthmatic symptoms.
{"title":"Food Allergy in Children with Asthma: Prevalence and Correlation with Clinical Severity of Respiratory Disease","authors":"E. Calamelli, G. Ricci, V. Dell'Omo, B. Bendandi, M. Masi","doi":"10.2174/1874838400801010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838400801010005","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is a link between asthma and food allergy. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of food allergy in asthmatic children and to evaluate a possible impact of food allergy on asthma severity. The study enrolled 103 asthmatic children (mean age: 11 years). Skin prick-test, dosage of specific IgE to a standardized panel of inhalant and food allergens and spirometric evaluation was made for each patient. Twenty-four (23%) patients presented food allergy, 75 (77%) were sensitized to at least one food. A lower rate of children with con- trolled symptoms was found in children with food allergy and a higher rate of persistent asthma was found in children sensitized to at least 4 foods. In conclusion, food allergy/sensitization should always be investigated in asthmatic children for its association with increasing severity (only in food sensitized patients) and reduced control of asthmatic symptoms.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82784278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-20DOI: 10.2174/1874838400801010001
P. Bouic
Nasaleze TM is an inert cellulose powder which has been on sale in the UK since 1994 and is used as a remedy for hay fever. It is applied to the nasal passage where it forms a gelatinous coating, thereby trapping aero-allergens and preventing the initial allergic response. Some limited clinical studies have been conducted in predominantly adults but also in children: outcome measures included the reporting of symptoms by volunteers (sneezing, itching, blocked nose, etc) using questionnaires; prevention of symptoms when challenged to aerosolized allergens; concomitant use of rescue medication and the measurement of inspiratory air flow across the mucosa as well as the release of ECP in nasal wash- ings. The product has been reported to be safe and well tolerated by all volunteers and warrant further investigation in larger studies.
{"title":"A review of the efficacy and safety of Nasaleze TM in the prevention and management of allergic rhinitis","authors":"P. Bouic","doi":"10.2174/1874838400801010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838400801010001","url":null,"abstract":"Nasaleze TM is an inert cellulose powder which has been on sale in the UK since 1994 and is used as a remedy for hay fever. It is applied to the nasal passage where it forms a gelatinous coating, thereby trapping aero-allergens and preventing the initial allergic response. Some limited clinical studies have been conducted in predominantly adults but also in children: outcome measures included the reporting of symptoms by volunteers (sneezing, itching, blocked nose, etc) using questionnaires; prevention of symptoms when challenged to aerosolized allergens; concomitant use of rescue medication and the measurement of inspiratory air flow across the mucosa as well as the release of ECP in nasal wash- ings. The product has been reported to be safe and well tolerated by all volunteers and warrant further investigation in larger studies.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91150506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-02-01DOI: 10.2174/1874838400801010012
N. Lin, Jane M. Schuh, C. Hogaboam
Abstract Rationale CD4+, Th2-mediated inflammation is an important component of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in allergic airway disease. IL-4 and IL-13, the prototypic Th2 cytokines, mediate their effects through a common receptor complex made up of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1. In this study, we examined the effects of impaired Th2 signaling on AHR using IL-4Rα −/− mice in a murine model of allergic asthma. Methods IL-4Rα −/− mice and control BALB/c (IL-4Rα +/+ ) mice were sensitized to and challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus . Airway disease was assessed at days 14, 28, 51, and 57 after intratracheal conidia challenge. AHR was evaluated by plethysmography after intravenous methacholine. Whole lung levels of cytokines, chemokines, and immunoglobulins were measured by specific ELISA. Paraffin-embedded lung sections were stained for histology. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was cytospun for differential cell counts. Results While AHR was significantly reduced in IL-4Rα −/− mice (p Conclusions These results demonstrate that airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus production in allergic asthma can be maintained in the absence of a predominant Th2 signaling pathway, suggesting that Th2-independent mechanisms may arbitrate chronic stages of the disease.
{"title":"Maintenance of Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Chronic Asthma May Be Mediated by Th2-Independent Mechanisms","authors":"N. Lin, Jane M. Schuh, C. Hogaboam","doi":"10.2174/1874838400801010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838400801010012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rationale CD4+, Th2-mediated inflammation is an important component of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in allergic airway disease. IL-4 and IL-13, the prototypic Th2 cytokines, mediate their effects through a common receptor complex made up of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1. In this study, we examined the effects of impaired Th2 signaling on AHR using IL-4Rα −/− mice in a murine model of allergic asthma. Methods IL-4Rα −/− mice and control BALB/c (IL-4Rα +/+ ) mice were sensitized to and challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus . Airway disease was assessed at days 14, 28, 51, and 57 after intratracheal conidia challenge. AHR was evaluated by plethysmography after intravenous methacholine. Whole lung levels of cytokines, chemokines, and immunoglobulins were measured by specific ELISA. Paraffin-embedded lung sections were stained for histology. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was cytospun for differential cell counts. Results While AHR was significantly reduced in IL-4Rα −/− mice (p Conclusions These results demonstrate that airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus production in allergic asthma can be maintained in the absence of a predominant Th2 signaling pathway, suggesting that Th2-independent mechanisms may arbitrate chronic stages of the disease.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76417506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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