Pub Date : 2013-05-17DOI: 10.2174/1874838420130508001
M. Schmid, I. Weidenhoffer, A. Udvardi, K. Lomoschitz, B. Volc-Platzer, S. Wöhrl
Herein, a case of improper epinephrine autoinjector injection into the thumb involving deep connective tissue and bone is reported. We additionally review knowledge, skills and habits of a cohort of autoinjector users of a hospital- based dermatologic outpatient clinic.
{"title":"Adrenaline Autoinjector Needle Interlocking in the Thumb Due to Im- proper Injection","authors":"M. Schmid, I. Weidenhoffer, A. Udvardi, K. Lomoschitz, B. Volc-Platzer, S. Wöhrl","doi":"10.2174/1874838420130508001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838420130508001","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, a case of improper epinephrine autoinjector injection into the thumb involving deep connective tissue and bone is reported. We additionally review knowledge, skills and habits of a cohort of autoinjector users of a hospital- based dermatologic outpatient clinic.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77514198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-19DOI: 10.2174/1874838401306010009
C. Olivier, Daiana Guedes Pinto Argentão, R. A. P. G. Santos, Mariana Dias da Silva, R. P. S. Lima, R. L. Zollner
Background: Skin testing is a mainstay in allergology, and its importance is increasing in several fields. The ability to choose the most suitable technique according to the clinical setting is an advantage for the medical team. Objectives: To describe in detail an alternative technique of the coetaneous allergy test (skin scrape test) conceived as a variation of the former skin scratch test; to evaluate its value as a tool for diagnosis of immune sensitization; and to com- pare its accuracy with the skin prick test. Methods: The skin scrape test and skin prick test were performed side by side with the same allergen extracts in 162 hu- man subjects classified in two groups according to the known presence or absence of serum specific-IgE to these aller- gens. Results: The sensitivity of the skin scrape test to detect immediate reactions was 85.0%. The sensitivity of the skin prick test was 86.5%. The sensitivity of both techniques analyzed together as a unique procedure was 94.2%. The specificity of the skin scrape test was 90.1%.The specificity of the skin prick test was 72.9%.The specificity of both tests analyzed to- gether as a unique procedure was 70.5%. Conclusions: The skin scrape test is an alternative and complementary technique for allergic skin testing, and it is able to detect IgE-specific immune sensitization without the disadvantages of the skin scratch test. The skin scrape test has simi- lar outcomes to the skin prick test.
{"title":"Skin Scrape Test: An Inexpensive and Painless Skin Test For Recognition Of Immediate Hypersensitivity In Children And Adults","authors":"C. Olivier, Daiana Guedes Pinto Argentão, R. A. P. G. Santos, Mariana Dias da Silva, R. P. S. Lima, R. L. Zollner","doi":"10.2174/1874838401306010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401306010009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Skin testing is a mainstay in allergology, and its importance is increasing in several fields. The ability to choose the most suitable technique according to the clinical setting is an advantage for the medical team. Objectives: To describe in detail an alternative technique of the coetaneous allergy test (skin scrape test) conceived as a variation of the former skin scratch test; to evaluate its value as a tool for diagnosis of immune sensitization; and to com- pare its accuracy with the skin prick test. Methods: The skin scrape test and skin prick test were performed side by side with the same allergen extracts in 162 hu- man subjects classified in two groups according to the known presence or absence of serum specific-IgE to these aller- gens. Results: The sensitivity of the skin scrape test to detect immediate reactions was 85.0%. The sensitivity of the skin prick test was 86.5%. The sensitivity of both techniques analyzed together as a unique procedure was 94.2%. The specificity of the skin scrape test was 90.1%.The specificity of the skin prick test was 72.9%.The specificity of both tests analyzed to- gether as a unique procedure was 70.5%. Conclusions: The skin scrape test is an alternative and complementary technique for allergic skin testing, and it is able to detect IgE-specific immune sensitization without the disadvantages of the skin scratch test. The skin scrape test has simi- lar outcomes to the skin prick test.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83088850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-18DOI: 10.2174/1874838401306010001
F. Xhixha, E. Gjata, Mirela Hitaj, A. Bakiri, E. Hyso, Alkerta Ibranji, Kastriot Shytaj, A. Ndreu, B. Resuli, E. Mingomataj
Introduction: Studies conducted across Western Europe reported that bronchial asthma (BA) has an important impact on patients' lives quality. We present Albanian asthmatic patients' views based on the questionnaire generated from the European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients Associations (EFA). Materials and methodology: In this study participated 145 Caucasian patients consecutively and prospectively diagnosed with BA. Results: The vast majority of patients reported lifestyle' limitations because of uncontrolled BA, three-fourth of them re- ported restriction of physical activity, and 20% felt their professional perspectives were limited. Additionally, up to 80% of the subjects were not optimistic about achieving the guideline goals but they were optimistic regarding the availability of more qualitative medicines and improvement of healthcare level over the next years. Our patients indicated that optimal treatments should be fast-acting and long-lasting, should be working immediately and should stop the symptoms com- pletely. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the high impact of uncontrolled asthma, despite its severity, on .patients' lives in a developing country.
{"title":"The Life's Limitations of Uncontrolled Asthma in a Developing Country: Results of an Albanian Survey","authors":"F. Xhixha, E. Gjata, Mirela Hitaj, A. Bakiri, E. Hyso, Alkerta Ibranji, Kastriot Shytaj, A. Ndreu, B. Resuli, E. Mingomataj","doi":"10.2174/1874838401306010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401306010001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studies conducted across Western Europe reported that bronchial asthma (BA) has an important impact on patients' lives quality. We present Albanian asthmatic patients' views based on the questionnaire generated from the European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients Associations (EFA). Materials and methodology: In this study participated 145 Caucasian patients consecutively and prospectively diagnosed with BA. Results: The vast majority of patients reported lifestyle' limitations because of uncontrolled BA, three-fourth of them re- ported restriction of physical activity, and 20% felt their professional perspectives were limited. Additionally, up to 80% of the subjects were not optimistic about achieving the guideline goals but they were optimistic regarding the availability of more qualitative medicines and improvement of healthcare level over the next years. Our patients indicated that optimal treatments should be fast-acting and long-lasting, should be working immediately and should stop the symptoms com- pletely. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the high impact of uncontrolled asthma, despite its severity, on .patients' lives in a developing country.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90175980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-28DOI: 10.2174/1874838401205010065
F. Al-Ghimlas, Nasser Al-Ahmed, S. Mace
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used daily by millions of patients worldwide for the management of various inflammatory diseases. Many well-documented adverse reactions are related to the use of these drugs. We report a fifty-four year-old woman with anaphylaxis after ingestion of ibuprofen liquid in a gelatin capsule. Eventually this was concluded to have resulted from hypersensitivity to the gelatin component of the capsule, which was likely IgE-mediated because of the positive skin test to gelatin. Gelatin allergy is only relevant for patients ingesting specific capsule formula- tion. The allergist/clinical immunologist must keep in mind the possibility of gelatin allergy.
{"title":"Anaphylaxis After Ingesting Ibuprofen Liquid Gelatin-Capsule","authors":"F. Al-Ghimlas, Nasser Al-Ahmed, S. Mace","doi":"10.2174/1874838401205010065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401205010065","url":null,"abstract":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used daily by millions of patients worldwide for the management of various inflammatory diseases. Many well-documented adverse reactions are related to the use of these drugs. We report a fifty-four year-old woman with anaphylaxis after ingestion of ibuprofen liquid in a gelatin capsule. Eventually this was concluded to have resulted from hypersensitivity to the gelatin component of the capsule, which was likely IgE-mediated because of the positive skin test to gelatin. Gelatin allergy is only relevant for patients ingesting specific capsule formula- tion. The allergist/clinical immunologist must keep in mind the possibility of gelatin allergy.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81254505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-19DOI: 10.2174/1874838401205010062
S. Thomsen, J. M. Jungersted, Maja-Lisa Clausen, T. Agner
Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial chronic disease that poses a great burden for patients and society. In recent decades the prevalence has increased substantially in many countries, notably in Western societies, and the causes for this increase are not completely understood. There are still many unanswered questions regarding atopic dermatitis with re- spect to aetiology, pathophysiology, co-morbidity as well as subgrouping and treatment of the disease. Establishment of the Danish Atopy Database (DAD), a cohort with ongoing inclusion of outpatients with atopic dermatitis from a tertiary referral centre, allows the study of these aspects of the disease. Herein we present our methodological considerations in regards to establishment of this cohort.
{"title":"The Danish Atopy Database (DAD): Rationale and Methods","authors":"S. Thomsen, J. M. Jungersted, Maja-Lisa Clausen, T. Agner","doi":"10.2174/1874838401205010062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401205010062","url":null,"abstract":"Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial chronic disease that poses a great burden for patients and society. In recent decades the prevalence has increased substantially in many countries, notably in Western societies, and the causes for this increase are not completely understood. There are still many unanswered questions regarding atopic dermatitis with re- spect to aetiology, pathophysiology, co-morbidity as well as subgrouping and treatment of the disease. Establishment of the Danish Atopy Database (DAD), a cohort with ongoing inclusion of outpatients with atopic dermatitis from a tertiary referral centre, allows the study of these aspects of the disease. Herein we present our methodological considerations in regards to establishment of this cohort.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75987858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-24DOI: 10.2174/1874838401205010053
A. Yamamoto, N. Miura, T. Oharaseki, Kei Takahashi, S. Naoe, Kazuo Suzuki, N. Ohno
The applications of immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous injection (IVIg) for various intractable dis- eases are increasing. The two major clinical indications for IVIg are the replacement therapy and the anti-inflammation therapy for a variety of acute and chronic autoimmune diseases. One of the proposed mechanisms of IVIg activity is the modulation of cytokine expression and function; therefore, we analyzed the effect of IVIg on pathogen-associated mo- lecular pattern (PAMP)-induced cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The production of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF- ) as a result of stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium salt (Poly I:C), or Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3) was significantly inhibited by sulfonated-IVIg (S-IVIg), or by F(ab')2. Assessed by one-color microarray analysis, the expressions of 229 genes were inhibited to 1/200 or less by F(ab')2. On the other hand, the expressions of 159 genes were increased by more than 100-fold by F(ab')2. According to these results, it was suggested that IVIg inhibits inflammatory PAMPs-induced cytokine production by PBMCs, due to the modulation of varieties of gene expression.
{"title":"Suppression of PAMPs, Pathogen-Associated Microbial Patterns, Induced Cytokine Synthesis of PBMC, Human Blood Mononuclear Cells, by Immunoglobulin Preparation","authors":"A. Yamamoto, N. Miura, T. Oharaseki, Kei Takahashi, S. Naoe, Kazuo Suzuki, N. Ohno","doi":"10.2174/1874838401205010053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401205010053","url":null,"abstract":"The applications of immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous injection (IVIg) for various intractable dis- eases are increasing. The two major clinical indications for IVIg are the replacement therapy and the anti-inflammation therapy for a variety of acute and chronic autoimmune diseases. One of the proposed mechanisms of IVIg activity is the modulation of cytokine expression and function; therefore, we analyzed the effect of IVIg on pathogen-associated mo- lecular pattern (PAMP)-induced cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The production of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF- ) as a result of stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium salt (Poly I:C), or Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3) was significantly inhibited by sulfonated-IVIg (S-IVIg), or by F(ab')2. Assessed by one-color microarray analysis, the expressions of 229 genes were inhibited to 1/200 or less by F(ab')2. On the other hand, the expressions of 159 genes were increased by more than 100-fold by F(ab')2. According to these results, it was suggested that IVIg inhibits inflammatory PAMPs-induced cytokine production by PBMCs, due to the modulation of varieties of gene expression.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78509393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-23DOI: 10.2174/1874838401205010047
M. Yacoub, C. Incorvaia, M. Caminati, G. Colombo
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has the exclusive ability to modify the natural history of allergy and to maintain its clinical efficacy also after stopping the treatment. This occurs because of the AIT mechanism of action, mainly consist- ing in a specific induction of tolerance to the causative allergen. Such tolerance takes place as a result of a complex inter- action of innate and adaptive immunity processes, that involve inflammatory cells, cytokines and chemokines. The first response to allergens is provided by the antigen-presenting cells, and particularly by dendritic cells (Dcs) that, following activation, acquire chemokine receptors (CCRs), useful for migration to lymphoid organs, where adaptive immune re- sponse is induced. DCs act by presenting the antigen(s) to effectors T cells (T helper CD4 + and T suppressor CD8 +) de- rived from naive T cells. The development of different cell subtypes from naive T cells (Th0) may follow various path- ways and depends on both individual genetic background (atopic/non atopic) and environmental factors. The T cell re- sponse in atopic subjects is influenced by the Th2 polarization promoting the production of cytokines such as IL-4 and IL- 5. On the contrary, the expression of CD80 may determine a Th1 cytokines production, and ICOS-L supports the T- regulatory cells activation that significantly reduce allergic inflammation. The suppressive effect of Treg is due to the ex- pression of high level of the transcription factor Foxp3 on their surface, to the production of IL-10 and TGF-s and to the expression of membrane molecules as CTL-4 PD-1 and BTLA. Recent advances highlighted a role also for Th9 and Th17 lymphocytes. Such immunologic modification leads to the long noted events in studies on mechanisms of action, such as the decrease of specific IgE and the increase of specific IgG1 and IgG4, and ultimately on the inhibition of inflammatory cells such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils and on the control of clinical symptoms.
{"title":"Immune Mechanisms of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy","authors":"M. Yacoub, C. Incorvaia, M. Caminati, G. Colombo","doi":"10.2174/1874838401205010047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401205010047","url":null,"abstract":"Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has the exclusive ability to modify the natural history of allergy and to maintain its clinical efficacy also after stopping the treatment. This occurs because of the AIT mechanism of action, mainly consist- ing in a specific induction of tolerance to the causative allergen. Such tolerance takes place as a result of a complex inter- action of innate and adaptive immunity processes, that involve inflammatory cells, cytokines and chemokines. The first response to allergens is provided by the antigen-presenting cells, and particularly by dendritic cells (Dcs) that, following activation, acquire chemokine receptors (CCRs), useful for migration to lymphoid organs, where adaptive immune re- sponse is induced. DCs act by presenting the antigen(s) to effectors T cells (T helper CD4 + and T suppressor CD8 +) de- rived from naive T cells. The development of different cell subtypes from naive T cells (Th0) may follow various path- ways and depends on both individual genetic background (atopic/non atopic) and environmental factors. The T cell re- sponse in atopic subjects is influenced by the Th2 polarization promoting the production of cytokines such as IL-4 and IL- 5. On the contrary, the expression of CD80 may determine a Th1 cytokines production, and ICOS-L supports the T- regulatory cells activation that significantly reduce allergic inflammation. The suppressive effect of Treg is due to the ex- pression of high level of the transcription factor Foxp3 on their surface, to the production of IL-10 and TGF-s and to the expression of membrane molecules as CTL-4 PD-1 and BTLA. Recent advances highlighted a role also for Th9 and Th17 lymphocytes. Such immunologic modification leads to the long noted events in studies on mechanisms of action, such as the decrease of specific IgE and the increase of specific IgG1 and IgG4, and ultimately on the inhibition of inflammatory cells such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils and on the control of clinical symptoms.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74281804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-18DOI: 10.2174/1874838401205010012
S. Macdonald
Histamine Releasing Factor (HRF) also known as Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) is a ubiquitous, novel protein that has both intracellular and extracellular functions. The purpose of this review is to highlight the background history of the molecule, the clinical implications and focus on the extracellular functions. Specifically the cells and the cytokines that are produced when stimulated by HRF/TCTP will be delineated as well as the signal transduction pathway that HRF/TCTP elicits will be described. Originally it was thought that HRF/TCTP interacted with IgE. Subsequently, cells that do not bind IgE also respond to HRF/TCTP and the interaction with IgE was questioned. Now, very recently, HRF/TCTP or at least its mouse counterpart appears to interact with some, but not all IgE and IgG molecules. HRF/TCTP has been shown to activate multiple human cells including basophils, eosinophils, T cells and B cells. Many of the cells that are activated by HRF/TCTP participate in the allergic response, leading to the conclusion that the extracellular functions of HRF/TCTP could exacerbate the allergic, inflammatory response.
{"title":"Histamine releasing factor/translationally controlled tumor protein: History, functions and clinical implications","authors":"S. Macdonald","doi":"10.2174/1874838401205010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401205010012","url":null,"abstract":"Histamine Releasing Factor (HRF) also known as Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) is a ubiquitous, novel protein that has both intracellular and extracellular functions. The purpose of this review is to highlight the background history of the molecule, the clinical implications and focus on the extracellular functions. Specifically the cells and the cytokines that are produced when stimulated by HRF/TCTP will be delineated as well as the signal transduction pathway that HRF/TCTP elicits will be described. Originally it was thought that HRF/TCTP interacted with IgE. Subsequently, cells that do not bind IgE also respond to HRF/TCTP and the interaction with IgE was questioned. Now, very recently, HRF/TCTP or at least its mouse counterpart appears to interact with some, but not all IgE and IgG molecules. HRF/TCTP has been shown to activate multiple human cells including basophils, eosinophils, T cells and B cells. Many of the cells that are activated by HRF/TCTP participate in the allergic response, leading to the conclusion that the extracellular functions of HRF/TCTP could exacerbate the allergic, inflammatory response.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85501377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-18DOI: 10.2174/1874838401205010019
U. Bommer
The 'translationally controlled tumour protein' TCTP was originally discovered 30 years ago by researchers in- terested in proteins regulated at the translational level. Cloning and sequencing confirmed the conservation of this protein among all eukaryotic kingdoms, but did not reveal any functional clue, and TCTP was listed in the databases as a 'family' of its own. The functional characterisation of this protein extended over more than a decade, leading to a plethora of indi- vidual functions and interactions that have been ascribed to this protein. A major addition to the functional characterisa- tion of TCTP was the identification in 1995 of its histamine releasing factor (HRF) activity in allergic conditions, which for the first time described an extracellular activity for TCTP in human disease. This triggered a host of additional publi- cations aimed at characterising this HRF activity, which are discussed in other articles of this issue. Another milestone in the elucidation of TCTP's function was the demonstration of its anti-apoptotic activity in 2001. Evidence is also accumu- lating for a role of TCTP in the cell cycle and in early development. This article provides an overview of the main cellular activities of TCTP. The second part will summarise our current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in regulating in- tracellular TCTP levels.
{"title":"Cellular Function and Regulation of the Translationally Controlled Tumour Protein TCTP","authors":"U. Bommer","doi":"10.2174/1874838401205010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401205010019","url":null,"abstract":"The 'translationally controlled tumour protein' TCTP was originally discovered 30 years ago by researchers in- terested in proteins regulated at the translational level. Cloning and sequencing confirmed the conservation of this protein among all eukaryotic kingdoms, but did not reveal any functional clue, and TCTP was listed in the databases as a 'family' of its own. The functional characterisation of this protein extended over more than a decade, leading to a plethora of indi- vidual functions and interactions that have been ascribed to this protein. A major addition to the functional characterisa- tion of TCTP was the identification in 1995 of its histamine releasing factor (HRF) activity in allergic conditions, which for the first time described an extracellular activity for TCTP in human disease. This triggered a host of additional publi- cations aimed at characterising this HRF activity, which are discussed in other articles of this issue. Another milestone in the elucidation of TCTP's function was the demonstration of its anti-apoptotic activity in 2001. Evidence is also accumu- lating for a role of TCTP in the cell cycle and in early development. This article provides an overview of the main cellular activities of TCTP. The second part will summarise our current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in regulating in- tracellular TCTP levels.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77700754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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