Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-17
N. Kasim, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, S. Abdullah
Iron and manganese present naturally in groundwater. Both metallic ions at excessive amounts normally contribute to rusty taste and reddish color to the water. Membrane technology may improve the conventional groundwater treatment method which commonly requires a large area and a lot of manpower. The present experimental work focused on membrane filtration of iron and manganese in order to study the influence of pH adjustment to the prepared artificial groundwater based on the permeate quality and membrane performances. In this study, two commercially available polyamide nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membranes (PA-NF, PA-UF) were tested to examine their capabilities in treating groundwater for drinking water resources. In order to achieve WHO drinking water standard, permeate quality of the artificial groundwater is considered satisfy if concentration of iron and manganese has reached 0.3 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. Experimental results showed that pH at a range of 3-11 have significantly improved membrane performance in terms of their rejection. Rejection of iron at a feed concentration of 100 mg/L increased as pH of the feed solution increased for all tested membranes. However, the manganese rejection with a feed concentration at 50 mg/L showed various pattern of performance for each membrane. The pH of feed solution played an important role in changing the membrane surface properties and also, the characteristic of solute. This concludes that solutemembrane interaction mechanism has improved the performance of the tested membranes.
{"title":"(Penyingkiran besi dan mangan oleh membran penurasan-nano dan penurasan-ultra: Pengaruh pelarasan pH)","authors":"N. Kasim, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, S. Abdullah","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-17","url":null,"abstract":"Iron and manganese present naturally in groundwater. Both metallic ions at excessive amounts normally contribute to rusty taste and reddish color to the water. Membrane technology may improve the conventional groundwater treatment method which commonly requires a large area and a lot of manpower. The present experimental work focused on membrane filtration of iron and manganese in order to study the influence of pH adjustment to the prepared artificial groundwater based on the permeate quality and membrane performances. In this study, two commercially available polyamide nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membranes (PA-NF, PA-UF) were tested to examine their capabilities in treating groundwater for drinking water resources. In order to achieve WHO drinking water standard, permeate quality of the artificial groundwater is considered satisfy if concentration of iron and manganese has reached 0.3 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. Experimental results showed that pH at a range of 3-11 have significantly improved membrane performance in terms of their rejection. Rejection of iron at a feed concentration of 100 mg/L increased as pH of the feed solution increased for all tested membranes. However, the manganese rejection with a feed concentration at 50 mg/L showed various pattern of performance for each membrane. The pH of feed solution played an important role in changing the membrane surface properties and also, the characteristic of solute. This concludes that solutemembrane interaction mechanism has improved the performance of the tested membranes.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89170205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-10
Sharifah Najiha Badar, Z. Yaakob, Timmiati Sharifah Najiha
{"title":"Penilaian pertumbuhan mikroalga yang telah dipencil dari effluen kilang minyak sawit dalam media sintetik","authors":"Sharifah Najiha Badar, Z. Yaakob, Timmiati Sharifah Najiha","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"82-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76168300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-27
R. Jalil, M. S. Kalil, N. A. Rahman, A. Hamid, Mohd Farid Ahmad
{"title":"Keadaan Kultur Benih untuk Penghasilan Enzim Selulolitik daripada Pycnoporus sanguineus","authors":"R. Jalil, M. S. Kalil, N. A. Rahman, A. Hamid, Mohd Farid Ahmad","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"207 1","pages":"231-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80483753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-04
Erni Muis, Rohaity Ramli, N. Manshoor
One standard chromatographic conditions of HPLC was developed for different Dipterocarpaceae plant extracts. The purpose of this study is to achieve an optimized chromatographic method that is able to produce a reasonably good separation and resolution of oligostilbenes in plant crude extracts. For this purpose, five model samples of Dipterocarpaceae extracts, Shorea parvifolia, Shorea ovalis, Dipterocarpus crinitus, Dipterocarpus gracilis and Hopea spp. were used. The parameters, which include types of chromatographic solvents, types of mobile phase elution, solvent composition and the injection volumes, were modified. The results showed that the optimum chromatographic conditions were achieved when a gradient elution was adopted, with the solvent composition of H2O: ACN from 95:5 to 25:75 in 20 minutes. The injection volume of 5 μL is best for a 1 mg/ml sample concentration. The temperature was maintained at 35 °C and the flow rate was at 1.0 ml/min. Some compromises were taken into account such as having less accurate method if compared with a single method developed for single extract or sample. The method showed positive results when tested on 10 extracts of the same family from different plant parts and localities.
{"title":"Kaedah KCPT untuk pemisahan oligostilbene dari ekstrak dipterocarpaceae yang berbeza","authors":"Erni Muis, Rohaity Ramli, N. Manshoor","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-04","url":null,"abstract":"One standard chromatographic conditions of HPLC was developed for different Dipterocarpaceae plant extracts. The purpose of this study is to achieve an optimized chromatographic method that is able to produce a reasonably good separation and resolution of oligostilbenes in plant crude extracts. For this purpose, five model samples of Dipterocarpaceae extracts, Shorea parvifolia, Shorea ovalis, Dipterocarpus crinitus, Dipterocarpus gracilis and Hopea spp. were used. The parameters, which include types of chromatographic solvents, types of mobile phase elution, solvent composition and the injection volumes, were modified. The results showed that the optimum chromatographic conditions were achieved when a gradient elution was adopted, with the solvent composition of H2O: ACN from 95:5 to 25:75 in 20 minutes. The injection volume of 5 μL is best for a 1 mg/ml sample concentration. The temperature was maintained at 35 °C and the flow rate was at 1.0 ml/min. Some compromises were taken into account such as having less accurate method if compared with a single method developed for single extract or sample. The method showed positive results when tested on 10 extracts of the same family from different plant parts and localities.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79109221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-08
Rosidah Shardin, Siew San Tan, Mohammad B. Kassim
{"title":"Sintesis dan Penentuan struktur ligan terbitan N-bromobenzoil-N’-(1,10-fenantrolin-5-il) tiourea","authors":"Rosidah Shardin, Siew San Tan, Mohammad B. Kassim","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"181 1","pages":"60-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73483899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-15
R. W. Sharudin, M. Ohshima
The effect of blending method on the blend morphology as well as cellular structure of Polypropylene (PP)/Polystyrene (PS)/ Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) ternary polymer blend was investigated. The blending method highly influenced the dispersion and size of dispersed domain where the injection molding method was successfully reduced the size of dispersed domain from 10 μm by extrusion further down to 1 μm in average diameter. The batch pressure quenched foaming of the ternary blend prepared by extrusion and injection molding with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) was conducted in the temperature range of 130 to 160°C to observe the controllability of bubble location and size in two different ternary blend systems. The experimental results showed that method of sample preparation is one of the important factors in controlling the cellular structure of ternary blend foam besides interfacial tension, foaming temperature, and viscoelasticity.
{"title":"Kajian perbandingan di antara kaedah proses penyemperitan dan proses pengacuan suntikan ke atas struktur sel PP/PS/PMMA campuran pertigaan busar polimer","authors":"R. W. Sharudin, M. Ohshima","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-15","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of blending method on the blend morphology as well as cellular structure of Polypropylene (PP)/Polystyrene (PS)/ Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) ternary polymer blend was investigated. The blending method highly influenced the dispersion and size of dispersed domain where the injection molding method was successfully reduced the size of dispersed domain from 10 μm by extrusion further down to 1 μm in average diameter. The batch pressure quenched foaming of the ternary blend prepared by extrusion and injection molding with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) was conducted in the temperature range of 130 to 160°C to observe the controllability of bubble location and size in two different ternary blend systems. The experimental results showed that method of sample preparation is one of the important factors in controlling the cellular structure of ternary blend foam besides interfacial tension, foaming temperature, and viscoelasticity.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85132178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-19
H. Abdullah, N. Ismail, Z. Yaakob, M. Khan, S. A. Rahim
{"title":"(CeO2-TiO2 untuk penurunan CO2 kepada metanol di bawah radiasi cahaya nampak: Kesan pemuatan ceria)","authors":"H. Abdullah, N. Ismail, Z. Yaakob, M. Khan, S. A. Rahim","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"166-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73558299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interest in Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) as a promising feedstock for bioconversion into value added products is growing fast, thus a thorough analysis of its component becomes necessary. In this study, the biomass chemical composition and physical feature of OPEFB was analysed to explore and understand the potential of OPEFB as bioconversion feedstock. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) standard protocols were used to characterize and determine the chemical composition of OPEFB. Through this protocol, the structural and non-structural constituents and their compositions were determined based on unextracted and extracted native OPEFB. Structural constituents include the carbohydrate, such as the glucan, xylan and arabinan, and lignin accounted for 31.2%, 18.7%, 2.7%, and 27.7%, while the non-structural constituents mainly refer to ash and extractives accounted for 0.10% and 11.87%. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were also used to further characterize the chemical structure of OPEFB. The FTIR spectral peaks representing the functional groups cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were observed. Through XRD analysis, the crystallinity index of native OPEFB fiber was calculated around 40%, while it was 37% for the powder form OPEFB. Nevertheless, the physical feature or surface morphology of the OPEFB fiber has been study by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It shows a rigid strand’s surface and the presence of silica bodies which commonly found in woody plant.
{"title":"Pencirian kimia dan fizikal bagi tandan kosong buah kelapa sawit","authors":"Nurul Suraya Rosli, Shuhaida Harun, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Rizafizah Othaman","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2017-2101-22","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) as a promising feedstock for bioconversion into value added products is growing fast, thus a thorough analysis of its component becomes necessary. In this study, the biomass chemical composition and physical feature of OPEFB was analysed to explore and understand the potential of OPEFB as bioconversion feedstock. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) standard protocols were used to characterize and determine the chemical composition of OPEFB. Through this protocol, the structural and non-structural constituents and their compositions were determined based on unextracted and extracted native OPEFB. Structural constituents include the carbohydrate, such as the glucan, xylan and arabinan, and lignin accounted for 31.2%, 18.7%, 2.7%, and 27.7%, while the non-structural constituents mainly refer to ash and extractives accounted for 0.10% and 11.87%. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were also used to further characterize the chemical structure of OPEFB. The FTIR spectral peaks representing the functional groups cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were observed. Through XRD analysis, the crystallinity index of native OPEFB fiber was calculated around 40%, while it was 37% for the powder form OPEFB. Nevertheless, the physical feature or surface morphology of the OPEFB fiber has been study by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It shows a rigid strand’s surface and the presence of silica bodies which commonly found in woody plant.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"188-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87057843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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