Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-23
Nurhaslina Che Radzi, Z. H. M. Khir, Mohibah Musa, M. Asyikin, Habsah Alwi, M. R. M. Najwa, K. Halim
Agarwood or its specific named, Aquilaria spp. is a precious tree in the world. It has been used widely in pharmaceutical industry, production of perfumes and incense raw material. In this study, the agarwood essential oil, species of Aquilaria maleccensis is being extracted by using hydrodistillation method. This study aims to analyse the present of chemical compound named sesquiterpenes in the agarwood essential oil. The effect of pre-treatment using soaking process on the agarwood within 7 days, 14 days and 21 days before proceed for hydrodistillation process had been done. The hydrodistillation process took 3 days before the sample of essential oil is collected. The sample is being analysed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed the existence of sesquiterpenes had been identified from all sample of three batches. However, different types of sesquiterpenes were identified for different batch. The highest sesquiterpenes content for 1 batch is αgurjunene with 2.95%, the 2 batch is ç-Himachalene with 0.292% and the 3 batch is same with the 1 batch which is αgurjunene with 0.356%.
{"title":"Analisis sesquiterpenes di dalam pati minyak gaharu daripada proses penyulingan air","authors":"Nurhaslina Che Radzi, Z. H. M. Khir, Mohibah Musa, M. Asyikin, Habsah Alwi, M. R. M. Najwa, K. Halim","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-23","url":null,"abstract":"Agarwood or its specific named, Aquilaria spp. is a precious tree in the world. It has been used widely in pharmaceutical industry, production of perfumes and incense raw material. In this study, the agarwood essential oil, species of Aquilaria maleccensis is being extracted by using hydrodistillation method. This study aims to analyse the present of chemical compound named sesquiterpenes in the agarwood essential oil. The effect of pre-treatment using soaking process on the agarwood within 7 days, 14 days and 21 days before proceed for hydrodistillation process had been done. The hydrodistillation process took 3 days before the sample of essential oil is collected. The sample is being analysed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed the existence of sesquiterpenes had been identified from all sample of three batches. However, different types of sesquiterpenes were identified for different batch. The highest sesquiterpenes content for 1 batch is αgurjunene with 2.95%, the 2 batch is ç-Himachalene with 0.292% and the 3 batch is same with the 1 batch which is αgurjunene with 0.356%.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"353-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89945813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-09
Majd Ahmed Jumaah, M. Othman, Jumat Salimon, Baydaa Khalaf, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik
{"title":"Pengoptimuman komposit elektrod daripada serbuk arang terpilih untuk rawatan elektrokimia bahan larut lesap tapak pelupusan","authors":"Majd Ahmed Jumaah, M. Othman, Jumat Salimon, Baydaa Khalaf, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"249-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75479560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-11
Nurul Janah Yunos, Alawi Sulaiman, Norazmila Yusuf, D. R. Ghazali
Palm saps harvested from Arenga pinnata tree which typically known as sweet natural beverage were produced into palm sugars using three different production methods of open pan cooking, freeze dry and vacuum evaporation. Sugars and minerals composition such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, magnesium, potassium, sodium and phosphorus were determined. An iron chelating activity was performed to determine the antioxidant activity of different production methods of palm sugars which related to the ability of chelating the transition metal ions. Results showed that all production methods of palm sugars obtained significantly (p<0.05) different amounts of sugars and minerals. There were significantly (p<0.05) different in ion chelating activity in different production methods of palm sugars. Vacuum evaporated palm syrup exhibited the highest ability in chelating ferrous ion and the vacuum evaporator dominated the highest percentage of chelating ions at 28.20% followed by freeze dryer at 26.31% and open pan at 12.75%, respectively. From the results, slow and controlled temperature by vacuum evaporation could be a promising approach that capable to preserve the ion binding capacity of palm syrup which related in antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Komposisi gula, mineral dan aktiviti ion logam pengkelat daripada sirap arenga pinnata mengunakan proses vakum penyejatan","authors":"Nurul Janah Yunos, Alawi Sulaiman, Norazmila Yusuf, D. R. Ghazali","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-11","url":null,"abstract":"Palm saps harvested from Arenga pinnata tree which typically known as sweet natural beverage were produced into palm sugars using three different production methods of open pan cooking, freeze dry and vacuum evaporation. Sugars and minerals composition such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, magnesium, potassium, sodium and phosphorus were determined. An iron chelating activity was performed to determine the antioxidant activity of different production methods of palm sugars which related to the ability of chelating the transition metal ions. Results showed that all production methods of palm sugars obtained significantly (p<0.05) different amounts of sugars and minerals. There were significantly (p<0.05) different in ion chelating activity in different production methods of palm sugars. Vacuum evaporated palm syrup exhibited the highest ability in chelating ferrous ion and the vacuum evaporator dominated the highest percentage of chelating ions at 28.20% followed by freeze dryer at 26.31% and open pan at 12.75%, respectively. From the results, slow and controlled temperature by vacuum evaporation could be a promising approach that capable to preserve the ion binding capacity of palm syrup which related in antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"264-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90119789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-22
Subari Fuzieah, S. Abdullah, Hassimi Abu Hasan, Norliza Abd. Rahman
Drinking water treatment through biological process is commonly applied in developed countries, but not yet in developing countries such as Malaysia. The non-existence of biological treatment has urged drinking water treatment plant operator in Malaysia to shut down the plants whenever there are ammonia contaminations. This is to avoid the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which are toxic and carcinogenic, when ammonia reacts with chlorine as the disinfectant. The study aims to develop a biological drinking water treatment for to remove ammonia in a biological sand filter column. The derived biofilm, a mixed bacterial consortium is naturally cultured from surface lake water, hence eliminating the potential of pathogenic microorganism occurrence, which is not suitable for drinking water application. The biofilm was inoculated in the batch down flow column consisting of heterogeneous fine sand with diameter of 1.2 mm (top layer) and 6.7 mm (bottom layer). The study was conducted by varying the flowrate (0.09, 0.13, and 0.18 m/h) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) (5 and 24 hours). The water sample was taken at different depths of 0.05 m (SP4), 0.1 m (SP3) and 0.2 m (SP2) from the column base for the ammonia analysis. Significant reduction of ammonia with 96-98% was observed at 0.09 m/h and 24 hours and the final treated effluent had complied with the stringent regulation stipulated by the Malaysia, Ministry of Health that is lower than 1.5 mg/L.
通过生物工艺处理饮用水在发达国家得到普遍应用，但在马来西亚等发展中国家尚未得到应用。由于生物处理的不存在，马来西亚的饮用水处理厂运营商在出现氨污染时就会关闭工厂。这是为了避免氨与氯作为消毒剂反应时产生有毒和致癌的消毒副产物(DBPs)。本研究旨在开发一种去除生物砂滤柱中氨的生物饮用水处理方法。衍生的生物膜是一种混合菌群，从地表湖水中自然培养而成，消除了病原微生物发生的可能性，不适合饮用水应用。生物膜接种于由直径为1.2 mm(顶层)和6.7 mm(底层)的非均质细砂组成的批量下流柱中。研究通过改变流量(0.09、0.13和0.18 m/h)和水力停留时间(HRT)(5和24小时)进行。在距柱底0.05 m (SP4)、0.1 m (SP3)和0.2 m (SP2)的不同深度取水样进行氨分析。在0.09 m/h和24小时时，观察到氨的显著减少96% -98%，最终处理的流出物符合马来西亚卫生部规定的低于1.5 mg/L的严格规定。
{"title":"Penyingkiran ammonia secara biologi menggunakan bakteria semulajadi dalam biopenuras pasir","authors":"Subari Fuzieah, S. Abdullah, Hassimi Abu Hasan, Norliza Abd. Rahman","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-22","url":null,"abstract":"Drinking water treatment through biological process is commonly applied in developed countries, but not yet in developing countries such as Malaysia. The non-existence of biological treatment has urged drinking water treatment plant operator in Malaysia to shut down the plants whenever there are ammonia contaminations. This is to avoid the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which are toxic and carcinogenic, when ammonia reacts with chlorine as the disinfectant. The study aims to develop a biological drinking water treatment for to remove ammonia in a biological sand filter column. The derived biofilm, a mixed bacterial consortium is naturally cultured from surface lake water, hence eliminating the potential of pathogenic microorganism occurrence, which is not suitable for drinking water application. The biofilm was inoculated in the batch down flow column consisting of heterogeneous fine sand with diameter of 1.2 mm (top layer) and 6.7 mm (bottom layer). The study was conducted by varying the flowrate (0.09, 0.13, and 0.18 m/h) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) (5 and 24 hours). The water sample was taken at different depths of 0.05 m (SP4), 0.1 m (SP3) and 0.2 m (SP2) from the column base for the ammonia analysis. Significant reduction of ammonia with 96-98% was observed at 0.09 m/h and 24 hours and the final treated effluent had complied with the stringent regulation stipulated by the Malaysia, Ministry of Health that is lower than 1.5 mg/L.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"346-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79295914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-20
Safiay Nur Munirah, Syahman Shamsuddin, Nur Najwa Yunus, Fazlena Hamzah
{"title":"Pencirian filem nipis TiO2 yang dihasilkan menggunakan asid asetik dan asid nitrik","authors":"Safiay Nur Munirah, Syahman Shamsuddin, Nur Najwa Yunus, Fazlena Hamzah","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"333-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78796347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-18
Ab Ghani Salinda, Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar, M. R. A. Bakar, Y. Yusof, Norazah Abd Rahman
Granulation of mefenamic acid particles was conducted to produce spherical shape, narrow size distribution of granules, high granule strength and good content uniformity by using Pressure Swing Granulation (PSG) technique in a fluidized bed. Two types (binderless and with binder) of granules namely lactose-mefenamic acid (MA) and lactose-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-(MA) with mass ratio of 30:70 and 25:5:70 were produced respectively. The later type of granules was heated for 80 ˚C, above the PEG melting point. Results indicated that all granules were uniform, spherical and narrow size distribution with the average granules size was less than 500 μm. The tensile strength of the lactose-PEG-MA was higher than the lactose-MA due to heating process. The tensile strength of lactose-PEG-MA and lactose-MA with average granules size of 500 μm were 0.42 MPa and 0.33 MPa, respectively. The drug contents in both types of granules were uniform i.e. around 70 ± 0.3 wt.%.
{"title":"Pembentukan granul berasaskan asid mefenamik dan polietilena glikol (PEG) menggunakan teknik pengranulan tekanan terayun dalam turus terbendalir","authors":"Ab Ghani Salinda, Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar, M. R. A. Bakar, Y. Yusof, Norazah Abd Rahman","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2018-2202-18","url":null,"abstract":"Granulation of mefenamic acid particles was conducted to produce spherical shape, narrow size distribution of granules, high granule strength and good content uniformity by using Pressure Swing Granulation (PSG) technique in a fluidized bed. Two types (binderless and with binder) of granules namely lactose-mefenamic acid (MA) and lactose-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-(MA) with mass ratio of 30:70 and 25:5:70 were produced respectively. The later type of granules was heated for 80 ˚C, above the PEG melting point. Results indicated that all granules were uniform, spherical and narrow size distribution with the average granules size was less than 500 μm. The tensile strength of the lactose-PEG-MA was higher than the lactose-MA due to heating process. The tensile strength of lactose-PEG-MA and lactose-MA with average granules size of 500 μm were 0.42 MPa and 0.33 MPa, respectively. The drug contents in both types of granules were uniform i.e. around 70 ± 0.3 wt.%.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"318-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88357538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-08
A. R. Rosandy, Anis Asmi Azman, R. Khalid, Rizafizah Othaman, Mohamad Azwani Shah Mat Lazim, Iqbal M. Choudary, Yana M. Syah, Jalifah Latip, Ikram M. Said, Muntaz Abu Bakar
The root of Croton hirtus was collected at Tanjung Sepat, Banting for study of its chemical compounds. This sample was dried before being ground and extracted using the methanol solvent at room temperature for three days yielding 18.25 gram of crude extract. The crude extracts obtained were analysed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) then fractionated via vacuum column chromatography (VLC) and proceed the isolation using radial chromatography (RC) to get the pure compounds. The pure compounds obtained were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and mass spectroscopy to confirm their structures and from that analysis, the compounds were identified as two new compounds naming (-)-5,8-dihydroxyjatrophan-3-one (1) and (+)-14,16,17-trihydroxykauran-1-on (2) with total weight 4.9 mg and 4.5 mg respectively. This two compound were reported for this time on this genus.
{"title":"Diterpenoid-diterpenoid terbaharu daripada akar Croton hirtus (Euphorbiaceae)","authors":"A. R. Rosandy, Anis Asmi Azman, R. Khalid, Rizafizah Othaman, Mohamad Azwani Shah Mat Lazim, Iqbal M. Choudary, Yana M. Syah, Jalifah Latip, Ikram M. Said, Muntaz Abu Bakar","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-08","url":null,"abstract":"The root of Croton hirtus was collected at Tanjung Sepat, Banting for study of its chemical compounds. This sample was dried before being ground and extracted using the methanol solvent at room temperature for three days yielding 18.25 gram of crude extract. The crude extracts obtained were analysed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) then fractionated via vacuum column chromatography (VLC) and proceed the isolation using radial chromatography (RC) to get the pure compounds. The pure compounds obtained were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and mass spectroscopy to confirm their structures and from that analysis, the compounds were identified as two new compounds naming (-)-5,8-dihydroxyjatrophan-3-one (1) and (+)-14,16,17-trihydroxykauran-1-on (2) with total weight 4.9 mg and 4.5 mg respectively. This two compound were reported for this time on this genus.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"64-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88565921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-11
Bibi Marliana Baba, Wan Mustapha, Seng Joe Lim
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of extraction methods on the yield, fucose content and purity of fucoidan that had been isolated from brown seaweed, Sargassum sp. The extraction of fucoidan was carried out based on the factorial design assigned, which involved three different parameters including two types of extraction (acid and alkaline), three different extraction temperatures (45, 65 and 85 °C) and three different extraction time (1, 3 and 5 hours). Results obtained showed that the best extraction parameter that gave the highest yield of fucoidan extract was the alkaline extraction at 65 °C for 3 hours. Alkaline extraction also produced higher purity and better quality of fucoidan compared to the fucoidan extracted by hydrochloric acidic.
{"title":"Kesan kaedah pengekstrakan fukoidan terhadap hasil, kandungan fukosa dan ketulenan fukoidan daripada Sargassum sp. Dari pulau langkawi, Malaysia","authors":"Bibi Marliana Baba, Wan Mustapha, Seng Joe Lim","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-11","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the effect of extraction methods on the yield, fucose content and purity of fucoidan that had been isolated from brown seaweed, Sargassum sp. The extraction of fucoidan was carried out based on the factorial design assigned, which involved three different parameters including two types of extraction (acid and alkaline), three different extraction temperatures (45, 65 and 85 °C) and three different extraction time (1, 3 and 5 hours). Results obtained showed that the best extraction parameter that gave the highest yield of fucoidan extract was the alkaline extraction at 65 °C for 3 hours. Alkaline extraction also produced higher purity and better quality of fucoidan compared to the fucoidan extracted by hydrochloric acidic.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78346027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-04
N. M. Ali, N. Zaid, Nurul Huda Abd Karim, B. M. Yamin, Nur Hasyareeda Hassan
In the previous study, 5,5,7,12,12,14–hexamethyl–1,4,8,11–tetraazacyclotetradeca–7,14–dienium diperchlorate, [Me6C10H16N4](ClO4)2 formed complex of C16H34N4OCu(ClO4)2 and C16H32N4Cu(ClO4)2 when reacted with copper(II) acetate monohydrate in acetonitrile and aqueous solutions, respectively. However, when the same reaction carried out in 1–butyl–3– methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid, [Bmim][PF6], disproportionation took place to give bis(ethylenediamine) bis(perchlorato-O) copper(II) complex, C4H16N4Cu(ClO4)2. X-ray study showed that the central copper atom was coordinated to two ethylenediamine ligands and two oxygen atoms of perchlorate ions in a distorted octahedral environment. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) study showed the complex decomposition in one spontaneous mass loss at 260 oC due to the explosive nature of the perchlorate.
{"title":"Pengkompleksan 5,5,7,12,12,14-heksametil-1,4,8,11-tetraazasiklo tetraazadeka-7,14-dienium diperklorat dengan kuprum(II) asetat monohidrat dalam cecair ionik","authors":"N. M. Ali, N. Zaid, Nurul Huda Abd Karim, B. M. Yamin, Nur Hasyareeda Hassan","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-04","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous study, 5,5,7,12,12,14–hexamethyl–1,4,8,11–tetraazacyclotetradeca–7,14–dienium diperchlorate, [Me6C10H16N4](ClO4)2 formed complex of C16H34N4OCu(ClO4)2 and C16H32N4Cu(ClO4)2 when reacted with copper(II) acetate monohydrate in acetonitrile and aqueous solutions, respectively. However, when the same reaction carried out in 1–butyl–3– methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid, [Bmim][PF6], disproportionation took place to give bis(ethylenediamine) bis(perchlorato-O) copper(II) complex, C4H16N4Cu(ClO4)2. X-ray study showed that the central copper atom was coordinated to two ethylenediamine ligands and two oxygen atoms of perchlorate ions in a distorted octahedral environment. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) study showed the complex decomposition in one spontaneous mass loss at 260 oC due to the explosive nature of the perchlorate.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75978682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-01DOI: 10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-12
N. Safie, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Norul Hisham Hamid, Mohd Sukor Su'ait, Mohd Asri Mat Teridi, Suhaila Sepeai, Mohd Adib Ibrahim, K. Sopian, Hironori Arakawa
In this study, photovoltaic performance was improved when two natural sensitizers, namely, rengas ( Gluta spp. ) and mengkulang ( Heritiera elata ), were mixed with ruthenium (N719) sensitizer. Five different ratios were prepared and their performances were compared with individual sensitizers. The components of the sensitizers were analyzed via ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The band gap values and the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) levels were calculated using data obtained from photoluminescence analysis and cyclic voltammetry. The mengkulang: N719 (80%:20%) sensitizer exhibits the highest conversion efficiency ( ŋ ), which is 0.58% with an open circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 0.63 V, a short circuit photocurrent density ( J sc ) of 2.1 mA/cm 2 , and a fill factor ( ff ) of 0.44. By contrast, the individual mengkulang sensitizer presents a poor conversion efficiency ( ŋ ) of 0.16%.
{"title":"Ko-pemekaan pemeka semulajadi disari daripada kayu rengas (Gluta spp.) dan mengkulang (Heritiera elata) dengan pewarna rutenium (N719) untuk meningkatkan prestasi sel solar terpeka pewarna","authors":"N. Safie, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Norul Hisham Hamid, Mohd Sukor Su'ait, Mohd Asri Mat Teridi, Suhaila Sepeai, Mohd Adib Ibrahim, K. Sopian, Hironori Arakawa","doi":"10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/MJAS-2018-2201-12","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, photovoltaic performance was improved when two natural sensitizers, namely, rengas ( Gluta spp. ) and mengkulang ( Heritiera elata ), were mixed with ruthenium (N719) sensitizer. Five different ratios were prepared and their performances were compared with individual sensitizers. The components of the sensitizers were analyzed via ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The band gap values and the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) levels were calculated using data obtained from photoluminescence analysis and cyclic voltammetry. The mengkulang: N719 (80%:20%) sensitizer exhibits the highest conversion efficiency ( ŋ ), which is 0.58% with an open circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 0.63 V, a short circuit photocurrent density ( J sc ) of 2.1 mA/cm 2 , and a fill factor ( ff ) of 0.44. By contrast, the individual mengkulang sensitizer presents a poor conversion efficiency ( ŋ ) of 0.16%.","PeriodicalId":22844,"journal":{"name":"The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences","volume":"134 1","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76283527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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