Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0063:OOTEOC>2.0.CO;2
James D. Bowker, D. Erdahl
Abstract Results and observations from 120 chloramine-T treatment trials to control mortality in a variety of salmonids caused by bacterial gill disease and columnaris are provided to aid fish culturists in determining more effective treatment regimes. When chloramine-T was used at 6, 10, or 15 mg/L, regardless of treatment frequency, efficacy in control of mortality was observed in 56%, 65%, and 61% of the trials, respectively. When chloramine-T was administered one, two, or three times, regardless of treatment concentration, efficacy was observed in 38%, 62%, and 88% of the trials, respectively.
{"title":"Observations on the efficacy of chloramine-T treatment to control mortality in a variety of salmonids.","authors":"James D. Bowker, D. Erdahl","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0063:OOTEOC>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0063:OOTEOC>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Results and observations from 120 chloramine-T treatment trials to control mortality in a variety of salmonids caused by bacterial gill disease and columnaris are provided to aid fish culturists in determining more effective treatment regimes. When chloramine-T was used at 6, 10, or 15 mg/L, regardless of treatment frequency, efficacy in control of mortality was observed in 56%, 65%, and 61% of the trials, respectively. When chloramine-T was administered one, two, or three times, regardless of treatment concentration, efficacy was observed in 38%, 62%, and 88% of the trials, respectively.","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"722 1","pages":"63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85404289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0009:LIASEO>2.0.CO;2
W. Watanabe, M. Feeley, S. Ellis, Eileen P. Ellis
Abstract The effects of light intensity and salinity on eggs and yolk sac larvae of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus were examined under controlled laboratory conditions. Fertilized eggs (early gastrula stage), obtained by induced spawning of captive broodstock, were stocked (53 eggs/L) into forty-eight 5-L translucent containers under light intensities of 0 (constant dark), 500, 1,000, and 2,000 lx and at salinities of 26, 31, and 36 g/L. Temperature was 19°C and photoperiod was 12 h light:12 h dark. Light intensity and salinity produced significant (P < 0.05) additive effects on larval growth. At the stage when 97% of the yolk sac was absorbed (114–131 h postfertilization, hpf), at the first-feeding stage (129.5–135 hpf), and at yolk exhaustion (153.5–159 hpf), notochord lengths were generally maximal at low light intensity (500 lx) and high salinity (36 g/L) and minimal at high intensity (2,000 lx) and low salinity (26 g/L). Yolk utilization efficiency declined significantly (P < 0.01) with increa...
{"title":"LIGHT INTENSITY AND SALINITY EFFECTS ON EGGS AND YOLK SAC LARVAE OF THE SUMMER FLOUNDER","authors":"W. Watanabe, M. Feeley, S. Ellis, Eileen P. Ellis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0009:LIASEO>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0009:LIASEO>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of light intensity and salinity on eggs and yolk sac larvae of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus were examined under controlled laboratory conditions. Fertilized eggs (early gastrula stage), obtained by induced spawning of captive broodstock, were stocked (53 eggs/L) into forty-eight 5-L translucent containers under light intensities of 0 (constant dark), 500, 1,000, and 2,000 lx and at salinities of 26, 31, and 36 g/L. Temperature was 19°C and photoperiod was 12 h light:12 h dark. Light intensity and salinity produced significant (P < 0.05) additive effects on larval growth. At the stage when 97% of the yolk sac was absorbed (114–131 h postfertilization, hpf), at the first-feeding stage (129.5–135 hpf), and at yolk exhaustion (153.5–159 hpf), notochord lengths were generally maximal at low light intensity (500 lx) and high salinity (36 g/L) and minimal at high intensity (2,000 lx) and low salinity (26 g/L). Yolk utilization efficiency declined significantly (P < 0.01) with increa...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"7 1","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84926671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0001:FFEOWQ>2.0.CO;2
T. A. Phillips, R. Summerfelt, R. Clayton
Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding frequency on water quality and the growth of fingerling walleyes Stizostedion vitreum raised in intensive culture. Walleyes were fed 9 or 90 feedings/d for 63 d in experiment 1 (E1) and 3 or 30 feedings/d for 56 d in experiment 2 (E2). In both experiments, the means of daily measurements of dissolved oxygen were significantly higher and means of total ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were significantly lower in the treatment receiving the greater number of feedings per day. Final means of fish length and weight, coefficients of variability of length and weight, growth rates, and food conversions (feed fed/weight gained) did not differ significantly between feeding frequency treatments in either E1 or E2. The length-frequency distributions in both feeding trials were normal, and there were no significant differences in normality, kurtosis, or skewness between feeding frequencies. The results demonstrate that multiple feedings per day can b...
{"title":"Feeding Frequency Effects on Water Quality and Growth of Walleye Fingerlings in Intensive Culture","authors":"T. A. Phillips, R. Summerfelt, R. Clayton","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0001:FFEOWQ>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0001:FFEOWQ>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding frequency on water quality and the growth of fingerling walleyes Stizostedion vitreum raised in intensive culture. Walleyes were fed 9 or 90 feedings/d for 63 d in experiment 1 (E1) and 3 or 30 feedings/d for 56 d in experiment 2 (E2). In both experiments, the means of daily measurements of dissolved oxygen were significantly higher and means of total ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were significantly lower in the treatment receiving the greater number of feedings per day. Final means of fish length and weight, coefficients of variability of length and weight, growth rates, and food conversions (feed fed/weight gained) did not differ significantly between feeding frequency treatments in either E1 or E2. The length-frequency distributions in both feeding trials were normal, and there were no significant differences in normality, kurtosis, or skewness between feeding frequencies. The results demonstrate that multiple feedings per day can b...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79427241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0038:UOSCPA>2.0.CO;2
P. S. Silva, B. Bumguardner
Abstract In 1983, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department initiated a stock enhancement program that released up to 20 million red drum Sciaenops ocellatus annually. To evaluate the contribution of hatchery production to the fishery, scale pattern analysis was used to differentiate between hatchery-reared and wild fish. Scale patterns from 30–150-d-old hatchery-reared red drum fingerlings (13–35 mm total length, TL) from two hatcheries and wild red drum juveniles (<121 mm TL) were analyzed to establish a linear discriminant function. Accurate identification of 30-d-old hatchery-reared red drum ranged from 61–64%, but decreased to 35% for 60–150-d-old fish; classification rates for wild fish ranged from 63% to 70%. Correct classification of 30-d-old hatchery fish was significantly better than chance, but correct classification of wild fish was only significantly better than chance at one hatchery. Linear discriminant functions were used to evaluate variation between spring and fall hatchery-reared red drum...
{"title":"Use of Scale Circuli Pattern Analysis to Differentiate between Hatchery and Wild Red Drum","authors":"P. S. Silva, B. Bumguardner","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0038:UOSCPA>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0038:UOSCPA>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 1983, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department initiated a stock enhancement program that released up to 20 million red drum Sciaenops ocellatus annually. To evaluate the contribution of hatchery production to the fishery, scale pattern analysis was used to differentiate between hatchery-reared and wild fish. Scale patterns from 30–150-d-old hatchery-reared red drum fingerlings (13–35 mm total length, TL) from two hatcheries and wild red drum juveniles (<121 mm TL) were analyzed to establish a linear discriminant function. Accurate identification of 30-d-old hatchery-reared red drum ranged from 61–64%, but decreased to 35% for 60–150-d-old fish; classification rates for wild fish ranged from 63% to 70%. Correct classification of 30-d-old hatchery fish was significantly better than chance, but correct classification of wild fish was only significantly better than chance at one hatchery. Linear discriminant functions were used to evaluate variation between spring and fall hatchery-reared red drum...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"68 1","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83712399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0071:OOHPCO>2.0.CO;2
R. Stickney
James W. Avault, Jr. AVA Publishing Co., Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 1996. 889 pages. $99.95 (paper). (Available from the American Fisheries Society; AFS members receive a 10% discount.) Many attempts ...
James W. Avault, Jr. AVA出版公司，巴吞鲁日，路易斯安那，1996。889页。99.95美元(纸)。(美国渔业协会提供;AFS会员可享受九折优惠。)多次尝试……
{"title":"Fundamentals of Aquaculture","authors":"R. Stickney","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0071:OOHPCO>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0071:OOHPCO>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"James W. Avault, Jr. AVA Publishing Co., Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 1996. 889 pages. $99.95 (paper). (Available from the American Fisheries Society; AFS members receive a 10% discount.) Many attempts ...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"51 1","pages":"71-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86156394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0293:CEORDL>2.3.CO;2
K. Fitzsimmons, G. Dickenson, C. Brand, J. Davis
Abstract Juvenile hybrids of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus × blue tilapia O. aureus reared in an intensive recirculating-water system were fed isonitrogenous (30% protein), isocaloric (2,870 kcal/kg digestible energy) diets with varying levels of dietary lipids. Diets containing 3, 6, and 8% lipids were fed at a rate of 3% of biomass per day. Fish grew from 68 g to 250 g in 91 d. Specific growth rates and feed efficiency ratios were not significantly different between treatments. Examination of fat levels in fillets and livers did not demonstrate any trend as lipid levels in diets decreased. The amount of fat in the viscera did not decrease with a reduction of lipid in the diets. It was concluded that lower fat levels could be used in feeds for intensive production systems if the caloric value of the diet is balanced with suitable carbohydrates. In addition, fat level in the final fillet product will not be reduced by lowering the dietary fat level in fish feed within the range of 3% to 8% lipid.
{"title":"Communications: Effects of reducing dietary lipid levels on growth and body composition of hybrid tilapia in an intensive recirculating-water system","authors":"K. Fitzsimmons, G. Dickenson, C. Brand, J. Davis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0293:CEORDL>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0293:CEORDL>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Juvenile hybrids of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus × blue tilapia O. aureus reared in an intensive recirculating-water system were fed isonitrogenous (30% protein), isocaloric (2,870 kcal/kg digestible energy) diets with varying levels of dietary lipids. Diets containing 3, 6, and 8% lipids were fed at a rate of 3% of biomass per day. Fish grew from 68 g to 250 g in 91 d. Specific growth rates and feed efficiency ratios were not significantly different between treatments. Examination of fat levels in fillets and livers did not demonstrate any trend as lipid levels in diets decreased. The amount of fat in the viscera did not decrease with a reduction of lipid in the diets. It was concluded that lower fat levels could be used in feeds for intensive production systems if the caloric value of the diet is balanced with suitable carbohydrates. In addition, fat level in the final fillet product will not be reduced by lowering the dietary fat level in fish feed within the range of 3% to 8% lipid.","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"29 1","pages":"293-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77776446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0312:RBBGSA>2.3.CO;2
G. M. Ludwig, N. Stone
Abstract The average lengths and weights of golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas that were retained between a series of successively smaller bar graders were determined. Regressions that expressed the relation of the average fish sizes to the mean distance between the bars of the retaining graders were determined and expressed as graphs. Tables, constructed from these relationships, are presented and explained for practical use by baitfish farmers.
{"title":"Relation between Bar Grader Spacing and Golden Shiner Size","authors":"G. M. Ludwig, N. Stone","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0312:RBBGSA>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0312:RBBGSA>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The average lengths and weights of golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas that were retained between a series of successively smaller bar graders were determined. Regressions that expressed the relation of the average fish sizes to the mean distance between the bars of the retaining graders were determined and expressed as graphs. Tables, constructed from these relationships, are presented and explained for practical use by baitfish farmers.","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"41 1","pages":"312-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85065282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0310:EOSLAR>2.3.CO;2
J. Tipping
Abstract Smolts of hatchery-reared steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss were tagged by length-group and released in 1983 and 1984 on the Cowlitz River, Washington. Recovery of adults was significantly greater for smolts 190 mm and larger compared with returns of smaller fish.
{"title":"Effect of Smolt Length at Release on Adult Returns of Hatchery-Reared Winter Steelhead","authors":"J. Tipping","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0310:EOSLAR>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0310:EOSLAR>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Smolts of hatchery-reared steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss were tagged by length-group and released in 1983 and 1984 on the Cowlitz River, Washington. Recovery of adults was significantly greater for smolts 190 mm and larger compared with returns of smaller fish.","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"79 1","pages":"310-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84071906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0261:EODCAM>2.3.CO;2
H. R. Robinette, J. B. Taylor, D. Gatlin, S. Craig
Abstract Hybrids of female striped bass Morone saxatilis and male white bass M. chrysops were stocked at 14,000 fish/ha in earthen ponds and fed an experimental diet supplementally sprayed (2.5% by weight) with either catfish oil (CO) or menhaden oil (MO). The sprayed diet contained n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, with four or more double bonds) at 1.10% and 1.54% of diet for CO and MO, respectively. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 212 d in three replicate 0.05-ha ponds per diet. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between CO and MO diets in mean total weight offish at harvest (590 and 585 g, respectively), percent weight gain (584% and 576%), survival (87% and 91%), or feed conversion (weight of feed as fed/fish weight gain: 2.50 and 2.31). Mean intraperitoneal fat (IPF) to body weight ratios of fish were not different (4.8% for CO and 4.4% for MO). Females had a significantly higher IPF ratio (5.2%) than males (4.7%) across both diets. There were no significant...
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Catfish and Menhaden Oils on Hybrid Striped Bass Production","authors":"H. R. Robinette, J. B. Taylor, D. Gatlin, S. Craig","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0261:EODCAM>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0261:EODCAM>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hybrids of female striped bass Morone saxatilis and male white bass M. chrysops were stocked at 14,000 fish/ha in earthen ponds and fed an experimental diet supplementally sprayed (2.5% by weight) with either catfish oil (CO) or menhaden oil (MO). The sprayed diet contained n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, with four or more double bonds) at 1.10% and 1.54% of diet for CO and MO, respectively. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 212 d in three replicate 0.05-ha ponds per diet. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between CO and MO diets in mean total weight offish at harvest (590 and 585 g, respectively), percent weight gain (584% and 576%), survival (87% and 91%), or feed conversion (weight of feed as fed/fish weight gain: 2.50 and 2.31). Mean intraperitoneal fat (IPF) to body weight ratios of fish were not different (4.8% for CO and 4.4% for MO). Females had a significantly higher IPF ratio (5.2%) than males (4.7%) across both diets. There were no significant...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"53 1","pages":"261-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89099094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0266:HPAADA>2.3.CO;2
Kyeong‐Jun Lee, S. Bai
Abstract A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the amount of dietary hemoglobin powder (HP; 92% crude protein, CP) that could be used to replace fish meal (FM, 68% CP) in the diet of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were fed eight isonitrogenous diets that contained FM, HP, or both as the dietary animal protein sources. Fish meal was used as the only source of animal protein (20%) in the control diet. Percent replacement of FM by HP on the basis of crude protein were as follows; 0% (control, diet 1), 12.5% (diet 2), 25% (diet 3), 50% (diet 4), 100% (diet 5), 25% + amino acids (AA) (diet 6), 50% + AA (diet 7), 100% + AA (diet 8). Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the fish fed experimental diets 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of fish fed the control diet. Feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein productive value (PPV) of fish fed diets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were not significantly different ...
{"title":"Hemoglobin Powder as a Dietary Animal Protein Source for Juvenile Nile Tilapia","authors":"Kyeong‐Jun Lee, S. Bai","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0266:HPAADA>2.3.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0266:HPAADA>2.3.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the amount of dietary hemoglobin powder (HP; 92% crude protein, CP) that could be used to replace fish meal (FM, 68% CP) in the diet of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were fed eight isonitrogenous diets that contained FM, HP, or both as the dietary animal protein sources. Fish meal was used as the only source of animal protein (20%) in the control diet. Percent replacement of FM by HP on the basis of crude protein were as follows; 0% (control, diet 1), 12.5% (diet 2), 25% (diet 3), 50% (diet 4), 100% (diet 5), 25% + amino acids (AA) (diet 6), 50% + AA (diet 7), 100% + AA (diet 8). Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the fish fed experimental diets 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of fish fed the control diet. Feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein productive value (PPV) of fish fed diets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were not significantly different ...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"26 1","pages":"266-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77511711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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