Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0288:IDGIWB>2.0.CO;2
B. Gomelsky, N. Cherfas, A. Gissis, G. Hulata
Abstract Optimal conditions were determined for induction of meiotic diploid gynogenesis in white bass Morone chrysops. In two series of experiments, ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation doses to inactivate sperm genome and optimal temperature shock to restore diploidy were established. Eggs of white bass were inseminated with sperm from striped bass M. saxatilis diluted (1:30) in saline and irradiated with UV at doses ranging from 50 to 1,200 J/m2. A typical “Hertwig effect” was observed with increasing UV dose. Larvae obtained at doses of 400 J/m2 and greater were abnormally developed (haploid syndrome) and had a haploid chromosome number (n = 24). Heat shocks to cause retention of the second polar body were applied. Heat shocks of 2-min duration at 36°C, 38°C, or 40°C were applied at 2 or 3 min after insemination to white bass eggs inseminated with irradiated (800 J/m2) striped bass sperm. The best results were obtained after application of 36°C heat shock at 3 min after insemination, which induced a sig...
{"title":"Induced Diploid Gynogenesis in White Bass","authors":"B. Gomelsky, N. Cherfas, A. Gissis, G. Hulata","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0288:IDGIWB>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0288:IDGIWB>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Optimal conditions were determined for induction of meiotic diploid gynogenesis in white bass Morone chrysops. In two series of experiments, ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation doses to inactivate sperm genome and optimal temperature shock to restore diploidy were established. Eggs of white bass were inseminated with sperm from striped bass M. saxatilis diluted (1:30) in saline and irradiated with UV at doses ranging from 50 to 1,200 J/m2. A typical “Hertwig effect” was observed with increasing UV dose. Larvae obtained at doses of 400 J/m2 and greater were abnormally developed (haploid syndrome) and had a haploid chromosome number (n = 24). Heat shocks to cause retention of the second polar body were applied. Heat shocks of 2-min duration at 36°C, 38°C, or 40°C were applied at 2 or 3 min after insemination to white bass eggs inseminated with irradiated (800 J/m2) striped bass sperm. The best results were obtained after application of 36°C heat shock at 3 min after insemination, which induced a sig...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"9 1","pages":"288-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84350680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0293:GASOLS>2.0.CO;2
M. N. DiLauro, W. F. Krise, K. Fynn-Aikins
Abstract We conducted a 60-d experiment to ascertain diet-related differences in survival and growth of larval lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. We offered formulated diets to larval lake sturgeon 2 weeks after first-feeding to find a suitable formulated diet. The five formulated diets were fed to larvae in combination with live brine shrimp Artemia sp., which served as a control. There was no diet effect (P ≤ 0.05) on mean survival, which ranged from 67.4% to 58.3%. Lake sturgeon fed only brine shrimp were significantly greater in mean length (60.4 mm) at 68 d of age than all other treatments, and BioKyowa produced the lowest (44.2 mm) mean length. Mean weight of fish provided brine shrimp (0.74 g) was significantly greater than the weights of those fed the Tunison, Biodiet, or BioKyowa diets. There was no indication that larval lake sturgeon had consumed the formulated feeds; rather, it is likely they may have become imprinted on brine shrimp during the 2 weeks immediately following the onset of exoge...
{"title":"Growth and Survival of Lake Sturgeon Larvae Fed Formulated Diets","authors":"M. N. DiLauro, W. F. Krise, K. Fynn-Aikins","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0293:GASOLS>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0293:GASOLS>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We conducted a 60-d experiment to ascertain diet-related differences in survival and growth of larval lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. We offered formulated diets to larval lake sturgeon 2 weeks after first-feeding to find a suitable formulated diet. The five formulated diets were fed to larvae in combination with live brine shrimp Artemia sp., which served as a control. There was no diet effect (P ≤ 0.05) on mean survival, which ranged from 67.4% to 58.3%. Lake sturgeon fed only brine shrimp were significantly greater in mean length (60.4 mm) at 68 d of age than all other treatments, and BioKyowa produced the lowest (44.2 mm) mean length. Mean weight of fish provided brine shrimp (0.74 g) was significantly greater than the weights of those fed the Tunison, Biodiet, or BioKyowa diets. There was no indication that larval lake sturgeon had consumed the formulated feeds; rather, it is likely they may have become imprinted on brine shrimp during the 2 weeks immediately following the onset of exoge...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"73 1","pages":"293-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0263:MFHPDT>2.0.CO;2
E. Mills, Richard T. Colesante
Abstract The discharge of phosphorus from fish hatcheries to receiving waters has often been associated with nuisance algal growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus from a newly constructed public fish hatchery (known as the Oneida Fish Culture Station or OFCS) on Cladophora abundance in nearshore areas of Oneida Lake, New York. Our approach was to monitor total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) above and below the OFCS (on Scriba Creek) and at a reference site (Murray Creek) and to index Cladophora abundance at nearshore areas surrounding both streams from late April to early October 1993–1995. The OFCS has a unique particulate disposal system that involves the settling and subsurface leaching of supernatant to minimize phosphorus discharges. The amount of phosphorus entering Scriba Creek annually from the OFCS was estimated to be less than 38 kg. Although concentrations of TP and SRP tended to be higher downstream of the OFCS, these higher levels w...
{"title":"Managing Fish Hatchery Phosphorus Discharge through Facility Design and Waste Solids Management: A Field Assessment in Nearshore Oneida Lake, New York","authors":"E. Mills, Richard T. Colesante","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0263:MFHPDT>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0263:MFHPDT>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The discharge of phosphorus from fish hatcheries to receiving waters has often been associated with nuisance algal growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus from a newly constructed public fish hatchery (known as the Oneida Fish Culture Station or OFCS) on Cladophora abundance in nearshore areas of Oneida Lake, New York. Our approach was to monitor total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) above and below the OFCS (on Scriba Creek) and at a reference site (Murray Creek) and to index Cladophora abundance at nearshore areas surrounding both streams from late April to early October 1993–1995. The OFCS has a unique particulate disposal system that involves the settling and subsurface leaching of supernatant to minimize phosphorus discharges. The amount of phosphorus entering Scriba Creek annually from the OFCS was estimated to be less than 38 kg. Although concentrations of TP and SRP tended to be higher downstream of the OFCS, these higher levels w...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"26 1","pages":"263-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79302353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0284:RROTSH>2.0.CO;2
J. Tipping
Abstract Postrelease smolt survival of summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that had been trucked 0.75 h and released was compared with that of smolts that had been trucked and allowed to rest for 24 h before release. Results showed no difference in return rates, suggesting that resting after transport may not improve steelhead survival.
{"title":"Return Rates of Transported Steel head Smolts with and without a Rest Period before Release","authors":"J. Tipping","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0284:RROTSH>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0284:RROTSH>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Postrelease smolt survival of summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that had been trucked 0.75 h and released was compared with that of smolts that had been trucked and allowed to rest for 24 h before release. Results showed no difference in return rates, suggesting that resting after transport may not improve steelhead survival.","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"20 1","pages":"284-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85469169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0311:ROVFBW>2.0.CO;2
M. N. DiLauro
Abstract A modification of previously documented force-feeding procedures resulted in the renewal of appetite by several wild-caught juvenile Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus. Four of four fish under controlled laboratory conditions responded positively to this technique within 1 month. These fish exhibited negative mean growth rates of −2.71 g/d before force-feeding and gained an average of 2.61 g/d at 285 d after initiation of force-feeding. Mean lengths, weights, and coefficients of condition (K) also increased after force-feeding. This method may be useful in other situations in which the holding of juveniles or adults is necessary, such as in zoos and public aquaria.
{"title":"Renewal of Voluntary Feeding by Wild-Caught Atlantic Sturgeon Juveniles in Captivity","authors":"M. N. DiLauro","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0311:ROVFBW>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0311:ROVFBW>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A modification of previously documented force-feeding procedures resulted in the renewal of appetite by several wild-caught juvenile Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus. Four of four fish under controlled laboratory conditions responded positively to this technique within 1 month. These fish exhibited negative mean growth rates of −2.71 g/d before force-feeding and gained an average of 2.61 g/d at 285 d after initiation of force-feeding. Mean lengths, weights, and coefficients of condition (K) also increased after force-feeding. This method may be useful in other situations in which the holding of juveniles or adults is necessary, such as in zoos and public aquaria.","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"779 1","pages":"311-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90745512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0319:COAITD>2.0.CO;2
M. Landau
Abstract There are many applications in biology and aquaculture for a shaker, including the suspension of small batches of eggs or algal cultures. Three-dimensional motion platform shakers provide uniformly mixed fluids with little or no foaming, but they are expensive. If only a one-speed device for suspending fluids is needed, one of these shakers can be constructed simply, in less than an hour if all the materials are at hand, for about US$75. Construction centers around a subfractional gear motor, a “lazy susan” turntable swivel with ball-bearings, and a slightly eccentric angled hole that is drilled in a block of wood attached to the lazy susan.
{"title":"Construction of an Inexpensive Three‐Dimensional Motion Platform Shaker","authors":"M. Landau","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0319:COAITD>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0319:COAITD>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are many applications in biology and aquaculture for a shaker, including the suspension of small batches of eggs or algal cultures. Three-dimensional motion platform shakers provide uniformly mixed fluids with little or no foaming, but they are expensive. If only a one-speed device for suspending fluids is needed, one of these shakers can be constructed simply, in less than an hour if all the materials are at hand, for about US$75. Construction centers around a subfractional gear motor, a “lazy susan” turntable swivel with ball-bearings, and a slightly eccentric angled hole that is drilled in a block of wood attached to the lazy susan.","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"26 1","pages":"319-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87907996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0247:IOTCEO>2.0.CO;2
Jason H. Selong, L. A. Helfrich
Abstract Five Virginia trout farms were selected for examination of effluent impacts on downstream water quality, periphyton production, and composition of macroinvertebrate and fish communities during fall 1994 and summer 1995. Annual trout production and feeding rates varied from 18.5 to 59.5 thousand kilograms and 15.6 to 87.6 thousand kilograms, respectively, and were correlated with discharge. Substrate embeddedness increased significantly (P < 0.07) downstream at two farms, but settleable solid concentrations in effluent were always less than 0.1 mL/L. Total ammonia nitrogen, un-ionized ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen levels increased significantly (P < 0.001) downstream but were well below recommended thresholds for lethal exposure for aquatic organisms. Dissolved oxygen levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) downstream at postfeeding and predawn hours but were typically greater than 7.0 mg/L. Effluent water temperatures, pH, nitrate nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations did n...
{"title":"Impacts of Trout Culture Effluent on Water Quality and Biotic Communities in Virginia Headwater Streams","authors":"Jason H. Selong, L. A. Helfrich","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0247:IOTCEO>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0247:IOTCEO>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Five Virginia trout farms were selected for examination of effluent impacts on downstream water quality, periphyton production, and composition of macroinvertebrate and fish communities during fall 1994 and summer 1995. Annual trout production and feeding rates varied from 18.5 to 59.5 thousand kilograms and 15.6 to 87.6 thousand kilograms, respectively, and were correlated with discharge. Substrate embeddedness increased significantly (P < 0.07) downstream at two farms, but settleable solid concentrations in effluent were always less than 0.1 mL/L. Total ammonia nitrogen, un-ionized ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen levels increased significantly (P < 0.001) downstream but were well below recommended thresholds for lethal exposure for aquatic organisms. Dissolved oxygen levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) downstream at postfeeding and predawn hours but were typically greater than 7.0 mg/L. Effluent water temperatures, pH, nitrate nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations did n...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"1 1","pages":"247-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82733537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0297:TEOTAO>2.0.CO;2
R. Dunham, Zhanjiang Liu, B. Argue
Abstract Female channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were induced to spawn with carp pituitary extract either singly paired with channel catfish males in aquaria (males present) or stocked with multiple females in aquaria or tanks (males absent). There was no difference between ovulation rates of females induced to spawn in the presence or absence of channel catfish males (P = 0.57). Females hand-stripped with males absent produced more eggs per kilogram of body weight (4,585) than females with males present (2,942; P = 0.07). When females in the males-present treatment deposited eggs in the aquaria, which allowed observation of the readiness of females, the number of eggs available for stripping was reduced. There was no difference in fertilization rate between treatments when using sperm from blue catfish I. furcatus (P = 0.35). Females that ovulated with males absent produced a similar (P = 0.12) number of viable eggs per kilogram of female body weight as females that ovulated with males present (3,809 ...
{"title":"The Effect of the Absence or Presence of Channel Catfish Males on Induced Ovulation of Channel Catfish Females for Artificial Fertilization with Blue Catfish Sperm","authors":"R. Dunham, Zhanjiang Liu, B. Argue","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0297:TEOTAO>2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0297:TEOTAO>2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Female channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were induced to spawn with carp pituitary extract either singly paired with channel catfish males in aquaria (males present) or stocked with multiple females in aquaria or tanks (males absent). There was no difference between ovulation rates of females induced to spawn in the presence or absence of channel catfish males (P = 0.57). Females hand-stripped with males absent produced more eggs per kilogram of body weight (4,585) than females with males present (2,942; P = 0.07). When females in the males-present treatment deposited eggs in the aquaria, which allowed observation of the readiness of females, the number of eggs available for stripping was reduced. There was no difference in fertilization rate between treatments when using sperm from blue catfish I. furcatus (P = 0.35). Females that ovulated with males absent produced a similar (P = 0.12) number of viable eggs per kilogram of female body weight as females that ovulated with males present (3,809 ...","PeriodicalId":22850,"journal":{"name":"The Progressive Fish-culturist","volume":"162 1","pages":"297-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88452653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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