Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24967-9
P. Karadimas
{"title":"The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Public Choice View","authors":"P. Karadimas","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-24967-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24967-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22887,"journal":{"name":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"155 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77742961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-99149-0.00002-X
K. Rose
{"title":"Chapter 2 We are no longer hunters and gatherers. Societies, states, values, and healthcare today","authors":"K. Rose","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-99149-0.00002-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99149-0.00002-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22887,"journal":{"name":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89348957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.18356/9789210055413c013
Adan L. Martinez-Cruz
The COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to health challenges, has imposed enormous socio-economic development challenges on Mexico. Throughout the document, it is argued that the weak economy and inequalities that prevailed before the arrival of COVID-19 in Mexico are exacerbating the effects of the lockdown implemented to contain the virus and reducing the response capacity of the Mexican government. It also analyzes the effects that the pandemic has had on (i) workers’ income, both formal and informal; (ii) poverty levels; (iii) private consumption; (iv) industrial production; (v) oil prices; (vi) exports; and (vii) income from remittances. Finally, based on these analyses, a series of recommendations are issued, aimed first at protecting household incomes and sources of employment. Secondly, the recommendations focus on reducing risks that threaten the stability of the financial system, in order to promote a faster recovery. Thirdly, guidelines for strengthening the government's response capacity are proposed. Fourthly, the recommendation to favor policies that incorporate the gender perspective is made. Finally, evidence-based, gradual re-opening proposals are issued, which avoid contagion peaks and longer lockdown periods that would deepen the current recession.
{"title":"Development Challenges in the Face of COVID-19 in Mexico. Socio-Economic Overview","authors":"Adan L. Martinez-Cruz","doi":"10.18356/9789210055413c013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210055413c013","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to health challenges, has imposed enormous socio-economic development challenges on Mexico. Throughout the document, it is argued that the weak economy and inequalities that prevailed before the arrival of COVID-19 in Mexico are exacerbating the effects of the lockdown implemented to contain the virus and reducing the response capacity of the Mexican government. It also analyzes the effects that the pandemic has had on (i) workers’ income, both formal and informal; (ii) poverty levels; (iii) private consumption; (iv) industrial production; (v) oil prices; (vi) exports; and (vii) income from remittances. Finally, based on these analyses, a series of recommendations are issued, aimed first at protecting household incomes and sources of employment. Secondly, the recommendations focus on reducing risks that threaten the stability of the financial system, in order to promote a faster recovery. Thirdly, guidelines for strengthening the government's response capacity are proposed. Fourthly, the recommendation to favor policies that incorporate the gender perspective is made. Finally, evidence-based, gradual re-opening proposals are issued, which avoid contagion peaks and longer lockdown periods that would deepen the current recession.","PeriodicalId":22887,"journal":{"name":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91419833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.18356/9789210055413c014
E. Salvador, By Rodrigo Barraza, R. Barrientos, Xenia Díaz, Víctor Tablas, D. León, Mariana Viollaz
The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for the Dominican Republic, including the loss of foreign exchange earnings due to the reduction of key activities such as tourism, the shutdown of a large part of economic activities with direct and indirect effects on employment and household income, and fiscal challenges, as the government is implementing crisis relief measures at the same time as it sees the tax revenue falls. This document presents a description of the current situation of the economy and the policies that the government has implemented since mid-March, analyzing their relevance, evaluating their fiscal balance, and proposing additional measures. Finally, a simulation exercise of the impact of the implemented programs on the poverty rate is carried out. The results show that the government's policy package, by focusing part of the subsidies on poor and vulnerable households, can play an important role in containing the increase in poverty, but targeting employment subsidies on formal workers would especially benefit wealthier households.
{"title":"Social and Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 and Policy Option in the Dominican Republic","authors":"E. Salvador, By Rodrigo Barraza, R. Barrientos, Xenia Díaz, Víctor Tablas, D. León, Mariana Viollaz","doi":"10.18356/9789210055413c014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210055413c014","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for the Dominican Republic, including the loss of foreign exchange earnings due to the reduction of key activities such as tourism, the shutdown of a large part of economic activities with direct and indirect effects on employment and household income, and fiscal challenges, as the government is implementing crisis relief measures at the same time as it sees the tax revenue falls. This document presents a description of the current situation of the economy and the policies that the government has implemented since mid-March, analyzing their relevance, evaluating their fiscal balance, and proposing additional measures. Finally, a simulation exercise of the impact of the implemented programs on the poverty rate is carried out. The results show that the government's policy package, by focusing part of the subsidies on poor and vulnerable households, can play an important role in containing the increase in poverty, but targeting employment subsidies on formal workers would especially benefit wealthier households.","PeriodicalId":22887,"journal":{"name":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79893462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.18356/9789210055413c017
Andy Neumeyer, J. Ocampo
Bolivia, just like the other countries of the region, was not excluded from the impact of COVID-19 and the pandemic appeared in the midst of an economic and political crisis as a result of the failed presidential elections of October, 2019. Despite the fact that timely measures were adopted to face the pandemic at the beginning of the outbreak and that, in effect, it did slow down the initial increase of the epidemiological curve, later it became impossible to stop the exponential growth of cases and finally the health care system collapsed exposing its deficient structure. The lockdown paralyzed activities and many people lost their jobs; livelihoods were partially or totally destroyed which resulted in a loss of income for many. The economy was faced by a supply shock followed by a demand shock because the level of household consumption dropped. By imposing dynamic and flexible quarantines the government has now started to re-open the economy and has provided the financial system with funds for loans needed to boost the domestic demand. The COVID-19 not only unleashed the crisis but has also opened opportunities and the urgency to get back to work as soon as possible very often was not made visible or ignored. This concerns a society that needs to recover its rights under a new equitable, inclusive and just framework of social justice that focuses on making progress and re-channeling efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
{"title":"COVID-19 in Bolivia: On the Path to recovering Development","authors":"Andy Neumeyer, J. Ocampo","doi":"10.18356/9789210055413c017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210055413c017","url":null,"abstract":"Bolivia, just like the other countries of the region, was not excluded from the impact of COVID-19 and the pandemic appeared in the midst of an economic and political crisis as a result of the failed presidential elections of October, 2019. Despite the fact that timely measures were adopted to face the pandemic at the beginning of the outbreak and that, in effect, it did slow down the initial increase of the epidemiological curve, later it became impossible to stop the exponential growth of cases and finally the health care system collapsed exposing its deficient structure. The lockdown paralyzed activities and many people lost their jobs; livelihoods were partially or totally destroyed which resulted in a loss of income for many. The economy was faced by a supply shock followed by a demand shock because the level of household consumption dropped. By imposing dynamic and flexible quarantines the government has now started to re-open the economy and has provided the financial system with funds for loans needed to boost the domestic demand. The COVID-19 not only unleashed the crisis but has also opened opportunities and the urgency to get back to work as soon as possible very often was not made visible or ignored. This concerns a society that needs to recover its rights under a new equitable, inclusive and just framework of social justice that focuses on making progress and re-channeling efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":22887,"journal":{"name":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83866515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.18356/9789210055413c016
E. Salvador, R. Barraza, R. Barrientos, Xenia Díaz, Rafael Pleitez, Víctor Tablas
{"title":"Promoting Socio-Economic recovery in Paraguay Report – economic reactivation Strategies during COVID-19","authors":"E. Salvador, R. Barraza, R. Barrientos, Xenia Díaz, Rafael Pleitez, Víctor Tablas","doi":"10.18356/9789210055413c016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210055413c016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22887,"journal":{"name":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74767567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.18356/9789210055413c010
Alfonso Capurro, Germán Deagosto, Federico Ferro, Sebastián Ithurralde, Gabriel Oddone
The economic crisis caused by COVID-19 is an event without precedent in the modern economy and probably associated with the most disruptive effects since the Second World War, or even since the Great Depression. Evidence of this is the worldwide economic policy response, which also is without recent precedents. Within the orbit of the emerging economies, the situation is being aggravated by episodes of “flight to quality”, which brings additional pressure on the financial variables and access to financing in the international markets. In the case of Uruguay, the economy will go into recession in 2020, there will be a significant real depreciation of the peso and higher inflation. All this will have negative effects on employment, incomes, poverty and inequality. Although the measures adopted up to now are going in the right direction in the light of what has been experienced internationally, and the restrictions faced by the country, they are still insufficient to offset the affected activities and mitigate the impact on the most vulnerable population. In this context, the purpose of this document is to analyse the channels of transmission of the shock and the impact that it might have on the Uruguayan economy, and the measures that have already been taken and additional measures that could be deployed to soften the impact on the most vulnerable sections of Uruguayan society. UNDP Latin America and the Caribbean #COVID19 | POLICY DOCUMENTS SERIES 2 www.latinamerica.undp.org | United Nations Development Programme | 2020 POLICY DOCUMENTS SERIES UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 1 A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing the Economic Impact of COVID-19 and its Policy Implications By Constantino Hevia and Andy Neumeyer UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 2 Suggestions for the emergency By Santiago Levy UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 3 The economic impact of COVID-19 on Venezuela: the urgency of external financing By Daniel Barráez and Ana María Chirinos-Leañez UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 4 Social and economic impact of the COVID-19 and policy options in Honduras By Andrés Ham UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 5 Covid-19 and external shock: Economic impacts and policy options in Peru By Miguel Jaramillo and Hugo Ñopo UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 6 Social and Economic Impact of COVID-19 and Policy Options in Argentina By María Laura Alzúa and Paula Gosis UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 7 International financial cooperation in the face of Latin America’s economic crisis By José Antonio Ocampo UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 8 Covid-19 and social protection of poor and vulnerable groups in Latin America: a conceptual framework By Nora Lustig and Mariano Tommasi UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 9 Social and economic impact of the COVID-19 and policy options in Jamaica By Manuel Mera UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 10 Social and economic impact of COVID-19 and policy options in Uruguay By Alfonso Capurro, Germán Deagosto, Federico Ferro, Sebastián Ithurralde and Gabriel Oddone UNDP Latin America and the Caribbean #COVID19 | POLICY DOCUMENTS SERIES 3 www.latinamerica.un
{"title":"Social and Economic Impact of COVID-19 and Policy Options in Uruguay","authors":"Alfonso Capurro, Germán Deagosto, Federico Ferro, Sebastián Ithurralde, Gabriel Oddone","doi":"10.18356/9789210055413c010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210055413c010","url":null,"abstract":"The economic crisis caused by COVID-19 is an event without precedent in the modern economy and probably associated with the most disruptive effects since the Second World War, or even since the Great Depression. Evidence of this is the worldwide economic policy response, which also is without recent precedents. Within the orbit of the emerging economies, the situation is being aggravated by episodes of “flight to quality”, which brings additional pressure on the financial variables and access to financing in the international markets. In the case of Uruguay, the economy will go into recession in 2020, there will be a significant real depreciation of the peso and higher inflation. All this will have negative effects on employment, incomes, poverty and inequality. Although the measures adopted up to now are going in the right direction in the light of what has been experienced internationally, and the restrictions faced by the country, they are still insufficient to offset the affected activities and mitigate the impact on the most vulnerable population. In this context, the purpose of this document is to analyse the channels of transmission of the shock and the impact that it might have on the Uruguayan economy, and the measures that have already been taken and additional measures that could be deployed to soften the impact on the most vulnerable sections of Uruguayan society. UNDP Latin America and the Caribbean #COVID19 | POLICY DOCUMENTS SERIES 2 www.latinamerica.undp.org | United Nations Development Programme | 2020 POLICY DOCUMENTS SERIES UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 1 A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing the Economic Impact of COVID-19 and its Policy Implications By Constantino Hevia and Andy Neumeyer UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 2 Suggestions for the emergency By Santiago Levy UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 3 The economic impact of COVID-19 on Venezuela: the urgency of external financing By Daniel Barráez and Ana María Chirinos-Leañez UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 4 Social and economic impact of the COVID-19 and policy options in Honduras By Andrés Ham UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 5 Covid-19 and external shock: Economic impacts and policy options in Peru By Miguel Jaramillo and Hugo Ñopo UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 6 Social and Economic Impact of COVID-19 and Policy Options in Argentina By María Laura Alzúa and Paula Gosis UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 7 International financial cooperation in the face of Latin America’s economic crisis By José Antonio Ocampo UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 8 Covid-19 and social protection of poor and vulnerable groups in Latin America: a conceptual framework By Nora Lustig and Mariano Tommasi UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 9 Social and economic impact of the COVID-19 and policy options in Jamaica By Manuel Mera UNDP LAC C19 PDS N°. 10 Social and economic impact of COVID-19 and policy options in Uruguay By Alfonso Capurro, Germán Deagosto, Federico Ferro, Sebastián Ithurralde and Gabriel Oddone UNDP Latin America and the Caribbean #COVID19 | POLICY DOCUMENTS SERIES 3 www.latinamerica.un","PeriodicalId":22887,"journal":{"name":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88880767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.18356/9789210055413c006
By Andrés Ham
{"title":"Social and Economic Impact of the COVID-19 and Policy Options in Honduras","authors":"By Andrés Ham","doi":"10.18356/9789210055413c006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210055413c006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22887,"journal":{"name":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88995870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.18356/9789210055413c008
Maria Laura Alzúa, Paula Gosis
{"title":"Social and Economic Impact of COVID-19 and Policy Options in Argentina","authors":"Maria Laura Alzúa, Paula Gosis","doi":"10.18356/9789210055413c008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210055413c008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22887,"journal":{"name":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89686113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.18356/9789210055413c015
E. Salvador
As the rest of the world, The Bahamas is confronting the challenges derived from the Covid-19 pandemic. The country will face a very difficult year economically and socially. The abrupt halt in tourism, the islands' main industry, is causing unemployment to rise and GDP to fall by historic levels. Unlike other countries in the region, The Bahamas has a more robust fiscal and macroeconomic situation, which allows it to develop a strong emergency response. The Government has established a series of stimuli for activity and employment support totaling 2.37% of GDP, which is low compared to countries with similar per-capita income. The strategy also places great emphasis on formal activities and registered employees, so the most vulnerable population is reached only through sub-optimal policies. This paper reviews the economic and social situation in The Bahamas and describes the policies implemented for the containment of the crisis. It also proposes moving from food assistance for sectors without contributory benefits to broader unemployment insurance that can help maintain consumption and reduce the number of programs the Government is implementing. This last point is particularly important due to the lack of up-to-date records and statistics for coordinating social assistance.
{"title":"The Bahamas Country Note: Impact of COVID-19 and policy Options","authors":"E. Salvador","doi":"10.18356/9789210055413c015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210055413c015","url":null,"abstract":"As the rest of the world, The Bahamas is confronting the challenges derived from the Covid-19 pandemic. The country will face a very difficult year economically and socially. The abrupt halt in tourism, the islands' main industry, is causing unemployment to rise and GDP to fall by historic levels. Unlike other countries in the region, The Bahamas has a more robust fiscal and macroeconomic situation, which allows it to develop a strong emergency response. The Government has established a series of stimuli for activity and employment support totaling 2.37% of GDP, which is low compared to countries with similar per-capita income. The strategy also places great emphasis on formal activities and registered employees, so the most vulnerable population is reached only through sub-optimal policies. This paper reviews the economic and social situation in The Bahamas and describes the policies implemented for the containment of the crisis. It also proposes moving from food assistance for sectors without contributory benefits to broader unemployment insurance that can help maintain consumption and reduce the number of programs the Government is implementing. This last point is particularly important due to the lack of up-to-date records and statistics for coordinating social assistance.","PeriodicalId":22887,"journal":{"name":"The Socio-Economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82206478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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