Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.34.952
D. Volchok, V. Danishevskyy
Problem statement. A feature of the modern technical systems’ design is that deterministic approaches dominate, while consideration of uncertainty can provide a more adequate representation of the research object in the appropriate calculation scheme, mathematical model. The consideration of uncertainties becomes especially relevant in the modeling of complex technical systems, where uncertainties can be quite abundant and the uncertainties themselves can be of different nature, namely stochastic, rough, fuzzy, or even combined. It is advisable to check whether the system is tolerant to uncertainties. This work is devoted to the construction of methods for the optimal design of the new rubber-cord shell 40.00-57 in the conditions of the fuzzy initial data. For a deterministic approach a special mathematical model can be used to calculate the output parameters. The mathematical model developed by Prof. E. Kvasha, at one time was truly revolutionary, because for the first time in the world the contact problem of the interaction of an elastic base with a layered orthotropic shell, which is part of a complex technical tire system, was solved. The main drawback, which could not be overcome by varying the input parameters, remained the uneven resource of the shell frame elements. So, variant design has shown its insufficient efficiency for such complex technical systems. The purpose of the research is to suggest a model and methods of optimal design for optotropic rubber-cord oversized shells under the conditions of real factors of uncertain nature. Conduct methods testing and design a new construction of tire 40.00-57 for civilian and military purposes. Conclusion. The authors proposed models and methods of optimal design of orthotropic rubber-cord shells under the condition of fuzzy data. Approbation of the symbiosis of Monte Carlo methods and the method of local variations for finding the optimal geometry of the shell was conducted. For new 40.00-57 tire shape, the difference between the largest frame resource and the smallest resource of the tire’s elements was about 18 %. Such a result could not be achieved by variant design. The temperature distribution in the cross-section of the tire under conditions of operation for 8 hours at an ambient temperature of 37 0C does not exceed the value of 110 0C, at which the thermal destruction of the rubber-cord material begins.
{"title":"THE OPTIMAL DESIGN OF THE 40.00-57 DUAL PURPOSE ORTHOTROPIC SHELL UNDER UNCERTAINTY CONDITIONS DESIGN","authors":"D. Volchok, V. Danishevskyy","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.34.952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.34.952","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. A feature of the modern technical systems’ design is that deterministic approaches dominate, while consideration of uncertainty can provide a more adequate representation of the research object in the appropriate calculation scheme, mathematical model. The consideration of uncertainties becomes especially relevant in the modeling of complex technical systems, where uncertainties can be quite abundant and the uncertainties themselves can be of different nature, namely stochastic, rough, fuzzy, or even combined. It is advisable to check whether the system is tolerant to uncertainties. This work is devoted to the construction of methods for the optimal design of the new rubber-cord shell 40.00-57 in the conditions of the fuzzy initial data. For a deterministic approach a special mathematical model can be used to calculate the output parameters. The mathematical model developed by Prof. E. Kvasha, at one time was truly revolutionary, because for the first time in the world the contact problem of the interaction of an elastic base with a layered orthotropic shell, which is part of a complex technical tire system, was solved. The main drawback, which could not be overcome by varying the input parameters, remained the uneven resource of the shell frame elements. So, variant design has shown its insufficient efficiency for such complex technical systems. The purpose of the research is to suggest a model and methods of optimal design for optotropic rubber-cord oversized shells under the conditions of real factors of uncertain nature. Conduct methods testing and design a new construction of tire 40.00-57 for civilian and military purposes. Conclusion. The authors proposed models and methods of optimal design of orthotropic rubber-cord shells under the condition of fuzzy data. Approbation of the symbiosis of Monte Carlo methods and the method of local variations for finding the optimal geometry of the shell was conducted. For new 40.00-57 tire shape, the difference between the largest frame resource and the smallest resource of the tire’s elements was about 18 %. Such a result could not be achieved by variant design. The temperature distribution in the cross-section of the tire under conditions of operation for 8 hours at an ambient temperature of 37 0C does not exceed the value of 110 0C, at which the thermal destruction of the rubber-cord material begins.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114225979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.114.962
K. Kharchenko, S.О. Оstapenko, L. Оstapenko
The problems of innovative architectural environment development include a wide range of issues related to ecology, energy efficiency, social and economic aspects. The purpose of the article is to reveal the basics and principles of sustainable development of urban planning entities and define a principal model for the process of assessment and implementation of changes to the current state of the architectural and urban planning environment. On the side of energy efficiency and ecology, the problem is to reduce energy consumption and use energy-efficient technologies to provide residential and commercial buildings, cities and other infrastructure projects. Ensuring the appropriate degree of environmental protection during the construction, operation and demolition of buildings and infrastructure. Also, the issue of ecological development concerns the need to develop and implement new technologies and innovative solutions in architecture and construction in order to reduce the impact of construction on the environment and improve people's quality of life. The social side of the development problem consists in the development of projects that take into acount the needs and interests of various social groups, including people with disabilities, the elderly and low-income population groups. The problem of the economic development of the innovative architectural environment is to ensure the effective use of resources and the development of infrastructure, which ensures economic development, while not harming the environment. Thus, the main task of sustainable development is to reduce risks and implement appropriate technologies for sustainable development.
{"title":"THE PRINCIPLES OF SHAPING AN INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT","authors":"K. Kharchenko, S.О. Оstapenko, L. Оstapenko","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.114.962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.114.962","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of innovative architectural environment development include a wide range of issues related to ecology, energy efficiency, social and economic aspects. The purpose of the article is to reveal the basics and principles of sustainable development of urban planning entities and define a principal model for the process of assessment and implementation of changes to the current state of the architectural and urban planning environment. On the side of energy efficiency and ecology, the problem is to reduce energy consumption and use energy-efficient technologies to provide residential and commercial buildings, cities and other infrastructure projects. Ensuring the appropriate degree of environmental protection during the construction, operation and demolition of buildings and infrastructure. Also, the issue of ecological development concerns the need to develop and implement new technologies and innovative solutions in architecture and construction in order to reduce the impact of construction on the environment and improve people's quality of life. The social side of the development problem consists in the development of projects that take into acount the needs and interests of various social groups, including people with disabilities, the elderly and low-income population groups. The problem of the economic development of the innovative architectural environment is to ensure the effective use of resources and the development of infrastructure, which ensures economic development, while not harming the environment. Thus, the main task of sustainable development is to reduce risks and implement appropriate technologies for sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124480778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.66.956
L. Zhyvtsova
Problem statement. We live in an era of rapid technological development. Technologies capable of processing a lot of information. Therefore, there is a problem of improving information systems that allow processing information using modern computer technologies. Technologies capable of reproducing the thought processes of the human brain and directing them to the creation and processing of various computer programs, as well as intelligent machines that will completely replace and simplify human work. Namely, the application of artificial intelligence technologies. The purpose of the article is to determine the prerequisites for the emergence of artificial intelligence technologies, consider the advantages and debatable issues regarding the areas of application and limitations of artificial intelligence technologies in everyday human life. Conclusions. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important branches of modern technology. This industry is very young, but the pace of its development is striking every year. It is an integral part of the development of technology in the future and is able to open up new opportunities in many areas of society. Artificial intelligence technologies greatly simplify human work and lead to the development of human activity. The main thing is that technology does not completely replace a person, but only helps to perform complex functions. So, humanity has encountered a technology that radically changes the world. Artificial intelligence gives a person additional opportunity, and makes him more knowledgeable and responsible. As Nick Bostrom noted in his book “Artificial Intelligence. Stages. Threats Strategies” − about the inevitability of the development of both artificial and human intelligence. But in what direction will this development be directed. Will there be a balance between benefits and risks, or is it a leap into an unknown future. However, we must remember that today we are at the beginning of what artificial intelligence can achieve.
{"title":"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: ESSENCE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS","authors":"L. Zhyvtsova","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.66.956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.66.956","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. We live in an era of rapid technological development. Technologies capable of processing a lot of information. Therefore, there is a problem of improving information systems that allow processing information using modern computer technologies. Technologies capable of reproducing the thought processes of the human brain and directing them to the creation and processing of various computer programs, as well as intelligent machines that will completely replace and simplify human work. Namely, the application of artificial intelligence technologies. The purpose of the article is to determine the prerequisites for the emergence of artificial intelligence technologies, consider the advantages and debatable issues regarding the areas of application and limitations of artificial intelligence technologies in everyday human life. Conclusions. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important branches of modern technology. This industry is very young, but the pace of its development is striking every year. It is an integral part of the development of technology in the future and is able to open up new opportunities in many areas of society. Artificial intelligence technologies greatly simplify human work and lead to the development of human activity. The main thing is that technology does not completely replace a person, but only helps to perform complex functions. So, humanity has encountered a technology that radically changes the world. Artificial intelligence gives a person additional opportunity, and makes him more knowledgeable and responsible. As Nick Bostrom noted in his book “Artificial Intelligence. Stages. Threats Strategies” − about the inevitability of the development of both artificial and human intelligence. But in what direction will this development be directed. Will there be a balance between benefits and risks, or is it a leap into an unknown future. However, we must remember that today we are at the beginning of what artificial intelligence can achieve.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"43 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114955378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.94.960
О. Samorodov, S. Tabachnikov, S. Yesakova, O. Krotov
Problem statement. In the construction of multi-storey and high-rise buildings with significant loads on the foundation, especially in the presence of weak water-saturated soils from above, pile and slab foundations are usually used to meet the requirements of the building code [1] on the maximum permissible deformations. The possibility of using slab foundations in this case must be confirmed by calculations with a scientific and technical justification of the accepted model of the soil foundation and its parameters. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the application of the model of the soil base in the form of finite width elastic layer and its parameters based on observations of the subsidence of adjacent multi-story buildings on slab foundations during the construction process and to compare the actual values of foundation deformations with calculated. Conclusions. The research results confirmed the possibility of applying the model of the soil base in the form of finite width elastic layer for predicting the deformations of equally story sectional buildings on large-sized slab foundations, the basis of which are weak water-saturated sandy soils from the surface. However, it should be noted that in this case, the excess of the actual settlement of buildings over the estimated is due to the failure to take into acount the processes of filtration consolidation and mechanical suffusion of sand particles into the crushed stone bed, which can further be taken into acount by reducing of soil deformation modules in this model of the soil base.
{"title":"FIELD STUDIES OF SLAB FOUNDATIONS’ SETTLEMENTS FOR TWO-SECTION MULTI-STOREY BUILDING ON WEAK WATER-SATURATED SOILS","authors":"О. Samorodov, S. Tabachnikov, S. Yesakova, O. Krotov","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.94.960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.94.960","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. In the construction of multi-storey and high-rise buildings with significant loads on the foundation, especially in the presence of weak water-saturated soils from above, pile and slab foundations are usually used to meet the requirements of the building code [1] on the maximum permissible deformations. The possibility of using slab foundations in this case must be confirmed by calculations with a scientific and technical justification of the accepted model of the soil foundation and its parameters. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the application of the model of the soil base in the form of finite width elastic layer and its parameters based on observations of the subsidence of adjacent multi-story buildings on slab foundations during the construction process and to compare the actual values of foundation deformations with calculated. Conclusions. The research results confirmed the possibility of applying the model of the soil base in the form of finite width elastic layer for predicting the deformations of equally story sectional buildings on large-sized slab foundations, the basis of which are weak water-saturated sandy soils from the surface. However, it should be noted that in this case, the excess of the actual settlement of buildings over the estimated is due to the failure to take into acount the processes of filtration consolidation and mechanical suffusion of sand particles into the crushed stone bed, which can further be taken into acount by reducing of soil deformation modules in this model of the soil base.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124448385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.20.950
М.М. Biliaiev, V. Petrenko, V. Biliaieva, O. Berlov, O. Tymoshenko
Problem statement. The task of prediction for thermal air pollution and assessing the risk of thermal damage to people during a fire at an industrial site is considered. The task is to calculate 3D temperature fields during a fire and, based on this, to assess the risk of thermal damage to people. The purpose of the article. Development of a 3D numerical model for calculating thermal air pollution and assessing the risk of thermal damage to workers at an industrial site in the case of a fire. Methodology. A three-dimensional energy equation was used to model the process of thermal air pollution at an industrial site in the case of a fire. A three-dimensional equation for the velocity potential is used to calculate the air flow velocity field at the industrial site. For the numerical integration of the equation for the velocity potential, the splitting method is used. For the numerical integration of the three-dimensional energy equation, it is split at the differential level into two equations. The first equation describes the spread of temperature due to the movement of air masses. The second equation describes the temperature distribution due to thermal conductivity. For the numerical integration of the first equation, a variable-triangular difference splitting scheme is used. An explicit difference scheme is used for the numerical integration of the second equation. Scientific novelty. A 3D numerical model was created, which allows to quickly calculate the dynamics of the formation of thermal air pollution areas at the industrial site and, based on this information, to predict the risk of thermal damage to people in the work zones at the industrial site. The model is based on the numerical integration of the aerodynamic and heat transfer equations. The model allows to quickly calculate the dynamics of the thermal zones’ formation at the industrial site in the case of a fire. Practical value. The developed model makes it possible to predict the dynamics of changes in temperature fields in the air that occur during a fire at an industrial site. The numerical model can be used to determine zones of intense thermal pollution and assess the risk of thermal damage to workers. Conclusions. On the basis of the developed 3D numerical model, a code was created for conducting a computational experiment. The developed code allows to quickly calculate the dynamics of the formation of thermal air pollution areas at an industrial site during a fire. Based on the received information, the risk of thermal damage to workers is assessed. The results of the computational experiment are presented.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL DAMAGE IN CASE OF FIRE AT THE FACILITIES OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX","authors":"М.М. Biliaiev, V. Petrenko, V. Biliaieva, O. Berlov, O. Tymoshenko","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.20.950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.20.950","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. The task of prediction for thermal air pollution and assessing the risk of thermal damage to people during a fire at an industrial site is considered. The task is to calculate 3D temperature fields during a fire and, based on this, to assess the risk of thermal damage to people. The purpose of the article. Development of a 3D numerical model for calculating thermal air pollution and assessing the risk of thermal damage to workers at an industrial site in the case of a fire. Methodology. A three-dimensional energy equation was used to model the process of thermal air pollution at an industrial site in the case of a fire. A three-dimensional equation for the velocity potential is used to calculate the air flow velocity field at the industrial site. For the numerical integration of the equation for the velocity potential, the splitting method is used. For the numerical integration of the three-dimensional energy equation, it is split at the differential level into two equations. The first equation describes the spread of temperature due to the movement of air masses. The second equation describes the temperature distribution due to thermal conductivity. For the numerical integration of the first equation, a variable-triangular difference splitting scheme is used. An explicit difference scheme is used for the numerical integration of the second equation. Scientific novelty. A 3D numerical model was created, which allows to quickly calculate the dynamics of the formation of thermal air pollution areas at the industrial site and, based on this information, to predict the risk of thermal damage to people in the work zones at the industrial site. The model is based on the numerical integration of the aerodynamic and heat transfer equations. The model allows to quickly calculate the dynamics of the thermal zones’ formation at the industrial site in the case of a fire. Practical value. The developed model makes it possible to predict the dynamics of changes in temperature fields in the air that occur during a fire at an industrial site. The numerical model can be used to determine zones of intense thermal pollution and assess the risk of thermal damage to workers. Conclusions. On the basis of the developed 3D numerical model, a code was created for conducting a computational experiment. The developed code allows to quickly calculate the dynamics of the formation of thermal air pollution areas at an industrial site during a fire. Based on the received information, the risk of thermal damage to workers is assessed. The results of the computational experiment are presented.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"12 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113934449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.28.951
L. Vilinska, H. Burlak, A. Gurska
Problem statement. The current direction of the development of the energy policy of Ukraine is the transformation of the residential communal complex into a system that makes it possible to implement organizational and technical methods for creating energy-efficient multi-apartment residential buildings. The advantage of designing energy-efficient buildings is a high level of comfort, creating a favorable microclimate in a residential building, reducing the negative impact on the environment, reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere, and saving energy resources. One of the main characteristics of the energy efficiency of buildings is the specific energy consumption for heating and cooling the premises per year. In order to achieve a reduction in the specific rate of thermal energy consumption for heating and ventilation of the building, it is necessary to responsibly approach the issues of the efficiency of energy-saving systems. It is possible to achieve an increase in energy efficiency with the help of a combination of various constructive, engineering and architectural planning measures, as well as the simultaneous use of modern engineering energy-saving methods and technologies in combination with a compact form and layout of the building. The purpose of the article. Analyze the calculation of the cost of energy resources of an apartment building, taking into acount energy-efficient solutions. Conclusions. An analysis of the dependence of energy costs of a multi-apartment residential building on the level of implementation of energy-efficient systems was carried out. During the construction of residential complexes in Odesa, the use of the system of energy-efficient solutions and the “Smart House” control system allows you to significantly reduce energy costs. Due to the use of an automated control system for technical devices in the building, a reduction in transmission costs and costs for the functioning of the ventilation system is achieved.
{"title":"ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF AN APARTMENT BUILDING","authors":"L. Vilinska, H. Burlak, A. Gurska","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.28.951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.28.951","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. The current direction of the development of the energy policy of Ukraine is the transformation of the residential communal complex into a system that makes it possible to implement organizational and technical methods for creating energy-efficient multi-apartment residential buildings. The advantage of designing energy-efficient buildings is a high level of comfort, creating a favorable microclimate in a residential building, reducing the negative impact on the environment, reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere, and saving energy resources. One of the main characteristics of the energy efficiency of buildings is the specific energy consumption for heating and cooling the premises per year. In order to achieve a reduction in the specific rate of thermal energy consumption for heating and ventilation of the building, it is necessary to responsibly approach the issues of the efficiency of energy-saving systems. It is possible to achieve an increase in energy efficiency with the help of a combination of various constructive, engineering and architectural planning measures, as well as the simultaneous use of modern engineering energy-saving methods and technologies in combination with a compact form and layout of the building. The purpose of the article. Analyze the calculation of the cost of energy resources of an apartment building, taking into acount energy-efficient solutions. Conclusions. An analysis of the dependence of energy costs of a multi-apartment residential building on the level of implementation of energy-efficient systems was carried out. During the construction of residential complexes in Odesa, the use of the system of energy-efficient solutions and the “Smart House” control system allows you to significantly reduce energy costs. Due to the use of an automated control system for technical devices in the building, a reduction in transmission costs and costs for the functioning of the ventilation system is achieved.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130394007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.7.948
Особливостей Будівель, ТА Споруд, У Разі Аварійних, Відключень Теплопостачання, Belikov A.S
Rapid and low-cost construction of modern buildings and structures is provided through the introduction of the latest technologies. At the same time, a significant impact on the modern construction industry of Ukraine is caused by the problem of significantly ageing infrastructure of heat supply systems, which is complicated by the hostilities in the country. This leads to the emergence of critical microclimate conditions. To determine the critical conditions of the microclimate of the premises in case of disturbances in the heat supply system, one of the topical tasks is to investigate the dynamics of indoor air temperature changes in the premises. The purpose of the article. Investigation of the dynamics of indoor air temperature change in order to determine critical microclimate conditions and to provide safe operation of heat supply systems during emergency shutdowns of heat supply systems. Conclusions. 1. On the basis of the conducted research, the dynamics of indoor air temperature changes depending on the construction features of buildings and structures and the influence of external climatic factors (environmental temperature, solar radiation, wind influence) is establish. 2. Based on the conducted modeling of the impact of external climatic factors during emergency shutdowns of heat supply systems the critical time of reaching the boundary conditions of microclimate and maintaining safe operation of heat supply systems are detetmined.
{"title":"PROVIDING MICROCLIMATE CONDITIONS, CONSIDERING THE CONSTRUCTION FEATURES OF THE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES DURING EMERGENCY SHUTDOWNS OF THE HEAT SUPPLY","authors":"Особливостей Будівель, ТА Споруд, У Разі Аварійних, Відключень Теплопостачання, Belikov A.S","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.7.948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.7.948","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid and low-cost construction of modern buildings and structures is provided through the introduction of the latest technologies. At the same time, a significant impact on the modern construction industry of Ukraine is caused by the problem of significantly ageing infrastructure of heat supply systems, which is complicated by the hostilities in the country. This leads to the emergence of critical microclimate conditions. To determine the critical conditions of the microclimate of the premises in case of disturbances in the heat supply system, one of the topical tasks is to investigate the dynamics of indoor air temperature changes in the premises. The purpose of the article. Investigation of the dynamics of indoor air temperature change in order to determine critical microclimate conditions and to provide safe operation of heat supply systems during emergency shutdowns of heat supply systems. Conclusions. 1. On the basis of the conducted research, the dynamics of indoor air temperature changes depending on the construction features of buildings and structures and the influence of external climatic factors (environmental temperature, solar radiation, wind influence) is establish. 2. Based on the conducted modeling of the impact of external climatic factors during emergency shutdowns of heat supply systems the critical time of reaching the boundary conditions of microclimate and maintaining safe operation of heat supply systems are detetmined.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124037522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.13.949
М.М. Biliaiev, V. Biliaieva, O. Berlov, V. Kozachyna, Z. Yakubovska
Problem statement. The task of determining the dynamics of air pollution in the working room when air containing a chemically hazardous substance flows into it is considered. The peculiarity of this problem is that the formation of pollution areas in the room is influenced by many factors, especially the internal geometry (the presence of technological equipment in the room, furniture, etc.). Therefore, it is necessary to have specialized mathematical models that allow predicting the level of chemical air pollution in the room for a given type of pollution. The purpose of the article. Development of a three-dimensional numerical model for indoor air flow aerodynamics and mass transfer of a chemically hazardous substance entering the room through the ventilation system to predict the risk of toxic damage to workers. Methodology. A three-dimensional equation of convective-diffusion transport for a chemically hazardous substance is used to model the process of a chemically hazardous substance spread in the working room air. The air flow velocity field in the working room is calculated on the basis of the model for the incompressible fluid potential motion. For the numerical integration of the Laplace equation for the velocity potential, two finite-difference schemes are used. The splitting method and finite-difference schemes are used for the numerical integration of the three-dimensional mass transfer equation of the impurity. At each splitting step, the determination of the unknown concentration of the impurity is carried out according to an explicit formula. A computer code was created to conduct computational experiments based on the developed numerical model. Scientific novelty. A three-dimensional numerical model has been developed to analyse the dynamics of the formation of chemical air pollution areas in workplaces when impurities enter the premises through the ventilation system. A feature of the model is the consideration of the main physical factors affecting the formation of pollution areas and the calculation speed. Practical value. The numerical model and the computer code developed on its basis allow solving specific problems that arise when assessing the risk of toxic damage to workers at chemically hazardous facilities. Conclusions. An effective three-dimensional numerical model and computer code have been created, which allow predicting the level of chemical contamination of working premises when a toxic substance enters the premises through the ventilation system. The results of the computational experiment are presented.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF UNSTATIONARY AIR POLLUTION PROCESS","authors":"М.М. Biliaiev, V. Biliaieva, O. Berlov, V. Kozachyna, Z. Yakubovska","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.13.949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.13.949","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. The task of determining the dynamics of air pollution in the working room when air containing a chemically hazardous substance flows into it is considered. The peculiarity of this problem is that the formation of pollution areas in the room is influenced by many factors, especially the internal geometry (the presence of technological equipment in the room, furniture, etc.). Therefore, it is necessary to have specialized mathematical models that allow predicting the level of chemical air pollution in the room for a given type of pollution. The purpose of the article. Development of a three-dimensional numerical model for indoor air flow aerodynamics and mass transfer of a chemically hazardous substance entering the room through the ventilation system to predict the risk of toxic damage to workers. Methodology. A three-dimensional equation of convective-diffusion transport for a chemically hazardous substance is used to model the process of a chemically hazardous substance spread in the working room air. The air flow velocity field in the working room is calculated on the basis of the model for the incompressible fluid potential motion. For the numerical integration of the Laplace equation for the velocity potential, two finite-difference schemes are used. The splitting method and finite-difference schemes are used for the numerical integration of the three-dimensional mass transfer equation of the impurity. At each splitting step, the determination of the unknown concentration of the impurity is carried out according to an explicit formula. A computer code was created to conduct computational experiments based on the developed numerical model. Scientific novelty. A three-dimensional numerical model has been developed to analyse the dynamics of the formation of chemical air pollution areas in workplaces when impurities enter the premises through the ventilation system. A feature of the model is the consideration of the main physical factors affecting the formation of pollution areas and the calculation speed. Practical value. The numerical model and the computer code developed on its basis allow solving specific problems that arise when assessing the risk of toxic damage to workers at chemically hazardous facilities. Conclusions. An effective three-dimensional numerical model and computer code have been created, which allow predicting the level of chemical contamination of working premises when a toxic substance enters the premises through the ventilation system. The results of the computational experiment are presented.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132865571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.40.953
V. V. Vorobiov, О. Shylo
Problem statement. The war of Russia against Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, brought the destruction of a large number of cities and villages in the regions that were in the zone of military operations. Many populated areas, regardless of their size and status in the country's settlement system, have been completely destroyed. In their place, only ruins remained, pits from houses burned down and broken to stone, countless craters from explosions and other types of disturbed territories. Unfortunately, as of April 2023, the war is still going on. On the territory of cities and villages, in fields and forests, on the banks of rivers, on the tops and slopes of hills and beams, along the roads connecting the settlements, as well as in other places located where battles were or continue to be fought, special types of landscapes have arisen, referred to in scientific publications as belligerative. They have special functioning mechanisms, special schemes for the destruction of the matrices of matter exchange, energy, information, momentum, and goal-setting, which exist both in zonal natural landscapes and in azonal anthropogenic landscapes. The area of belligerative landscapes is growing, and it is they who now dominate the ruined settlements and around them. The revival of cities after our victory is impossible without knowledge of the architectural and urban planning aspects of belligerative landscapes. The purpose of the article is to reveal the urban planning aspects of belligerent landscapes and the algorithm for their further accounting.
{"title":"POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIES IN UKRAINE IN AREAS OF THE BELLIGHERATIVE LANDSCAPES’ SPREAD","authors":"V. V. Vorobiov, О. Shylo","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.40.953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.140723.40.953","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. The war of Russia against Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, brought the destruction of a large number of cities and villages in the regions that were in the zone of military operations. Many populated areas, regardless of their size and status in the country's settlement system, have been completely destroyed. In their place, only ruins remained, pits from houses burned down and broken to stone, countless craters from explosions and other types of disturbed territories. Unfortunately, as of April 2023, the war is still going on. On the territory of cities and villages, in fields and forests, on the banks of rivers, on the tops and slopes of hills and beams, along the roads connecting the settlements, as well as in other places located where battles were or continue to be fought, special types of landscapes have arisen, referred to in scientific publications as belligerative. They have special functioning mechanisms, special schemes for the destruction of the matrices of matter exchange, energy, information, momentum, and goal-setting, which exist both in zonal natural landscapes and in azonal anthropogenic landscapes. The area of belligerative landscapes is growing, and it is they who now dominate the ruined settlements and around them. The revival of cities after our victory is impossible without knowledge of the architectural and urban planning aspects of belligerative landscapes. The purpose of the article is to reveal the urban planning aspects of belligerent landscapes and the algorithm for their further accounting.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131677480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.280223.44.917
M. Kotov, О. Konoplianyk, V. Volchuk, I. Iliev
Problem statement. These days, the use of secondary waste generated as a result of human activity is a relevant issue in the construction industry. One of the directions of realization of this task is the production of light structural and heat-insulating concrete by using light aggregates − industrial waste. The analysis of the current state of light concrete development and research showed that on the basis of production waste, structurally heat-insulating products made of light concrete can be obtained, which, unlike products made of heavy concrete, will significantly reduce the load on building structures and increase their heat-insulating and sound-insulating ability. In addition, the use of industrial waste as filler will lead to a decrease in the cost of construction products. The analysis of the publications showed that light structural and heat-insulating concrete can be obtained on light aggregates, such as granulated slag, cullet, waste from the processing of rubber tires, etc. It is known to use granulated slag with a bulk weight of 880 kg/m3 to obtain light structural and heat-insulating concrete with a bulk weight of 1 720−1 780 kg/m3 and a compressive strength limit of 7,3−8,2 MPa [1]. However, nowadays, in connection with the reduction of metallurgical production, the volume of such slags production has significantly decreased. In literary sources there is information about the use of cullet with a volume weight of 700 kg/m3 for the production of light concrete [2]. However, the widespread use of cullet is restrained due to the economic component, namely, that secondary processing of cullet is more effective for the manufacture of new glass-based products. It is known to use rubber crumb with a bulk weight of 300 kg/m3 with a fraction of 1−6 mm, which is formed as a result of processing rubber automobile tires, in construction [3]. The introduction of rubber crumb into the composition of the concrete mixture leads to a decrease in the mass of structures and an improvement of its deformable, heat-insulating and sound-insulating characteristics. Analysis of the production technology of polypropylene containers [4] showed that during the production of such containers aggregate and fiber are formed. The aggregate is blue or transparent granules, most of which are triangular and rectangular in shape. The water absorption of polypropylene aggregate is 8,6 %, and its density is 1,06 g/cm3. The specified information source provides data on the use of polypropylene fiber only, and there is no information on the use of aggregate. The purpose of the article was to determine the possibilities of using light aggregate − a production waste polypropylene containers, to obtain compositions of light constructive and heat-insulating concrete. At the same time, the goal of researching the strength characteristics of these concretes depending on the amount of aggregate in the mixture was also set. Conclusions. The possibility of using light structura
{"title":"LIGHT CONCRETE BASED ON PRODUCTION WASTE POLYPROPYLENE CONTAINER","authors":"M. Kotov, О. Konoplianyk, V. Volchuk, I. Iliev","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.280223.44.917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.280223.44.917","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. These days, the use of secondary waste generated as a result of human activity is a relevant issue in the construction industry. One of the directions of realization of this task is the production of light structural and heat-insulating concrete by using light aggregates − industrial waste. The analysis of the current state of light concrete development and research showed that on the basis of production waste, structurally heat-insulating products made of light concrete can be obtained, which, unlike products made of heavy concrete, will significantly reduce the load on building structures and increase their heat-insulating and sound-insulating ability. In addition, the use of industrial waste as filler will lead to a decrease in the cost of construction products. The analysis of the publications showed that light structural and heat-insulating concrete can be obtained on light aggregates, such as granulated slag, cullet, waste from the processing of rubber tires, etc. It is known to use granulated slag with a bulk weight of 880 kg/m3 to obtain light structural and heat-insulating concrete with a bulk weight of 1 720−1 780 kg/m3 and a compressive strength limit of 7,3−8,2 MPa [1]. However, nowadays, in connection with the reduction of metallurgical production, the volume of such slags production has significantly decreased. In literary sources there is information about the use of cullet with a volume weight of 700 kg/m3 for the production of light concrete [2]. However, the widespread use of cullet is restrained due to the economic component, namely, that secondary processing of cullet is more effective for the manufacture of new glass-based products. It is known to use rubber crumb with a bulk weight of 300 kg/m3 with a fraction of 1−6 mm, which is formed as a result of processing rubber automobile tires, in construction [3]. The introduction of rubber crumb into the composition of the concrete mixture leads to a decrease in the mass of structures and an improvement of its deformable, heat-insulating and sound-insulating characteristics. Analysis of the production technology of polypropylene containers [4] showed that during the production of such containers aggregate and fiber are formed. The aggregate is blue or transparent granules, most of which are triangular and rectangular in shape. The water absorption of polypropylene aggregate is 8,6 %, and its density is 1,06 g/cm3. The specified information source provides data on the use of polypropylene fiber only, and there is no information on the use of aggregate. The purpose of the article was to determine the possibilities of using light aggregate − a production waste polypropylene containers, to obtain compositions of light constructive and heat-insulating concrete. At the same time, the goal of researching the strength characteristics of these concretes depending on the amount of aggregate in the mixture was also set. Conclusions. The possibility of using light structura","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122970933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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