Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.26.1039
O. Beketov, D. Laukhin, L. Dadiverina, V.I. Kozechko, A.O. Taranenko
When choosing steels for the design of high-rise and long-span buildings with increased load-bearing capacity, it is advisable to give preference to thick rolled steel from low-carbon, low-alloy steels, since it, with the same level of strength as construction steels, has a higher level of plasticity. At the same time, the problem of using thick rolled steel from low-carbon, low-alloy steels in the construction industry are the anisotropy of the rolled metal properties, which can increase with an increase in the thickness of the rolled metal. Currently, in Ukraine, controlled rolling is one of the most promising technologies of high-temperature thermomechanical processing for the production of thick rolled metal from low-carbon, low-alloy steels. At the same time, with an increase in the thickness of the rolled metal, which is produced with this technological scheme, the effect of the regulated formation of the structural state decreases due to the influence on the temperature of the surface layers of the rolled metal, the thermodynamic state of the inner layers and the inability of the rolling equipment available at domestic enterprises to deform the metal over the entire cross-sectional area. Therefore, the task of obtaining such a structural state in the thick sheet metal roll, which will ensure the reduction of the anisotropy of the properties, which will allow the use of such rolled metal in the construction industry, is urgent. Purpose of the article is to study of the structural state of low-carbon low-alloy steel 10G2FB, which was produced using the technology of controlled rolling, depending on the thickness of the rolled metal. Conclusion. The relationship between the structural state and the thickness of rolled metal from low-carbon low-alloy steel 10G2FB, which was produced by controlled rolling technology, was studied. It was established that with the increase in thickness, the percentage content of the ferrite component increases with a simultaneous decrease in the percentage content of the pearlite phase. It is shown that changes in the formation languages of structural components begin with an increase in the thickness of the rolled metal over 30 mm, which is explained by the influence of the temperature of the inner layers on the processes of forming the structural state, namely, with an increase in the thickness of the rolled metal, the thermodynamic rate of phase transformations in the middle layers of the rolled metal samples decreases. This conclusion is confirmed by two factors: firstly, an increase in the size of pearlite colonies, and secondly, a change in the morphology of the cementite framework of pearlite colonies from zigzag (thickness 16...30 mm) to ribbon (thickness 40...100 mm).
{"title":"RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE THICKNESS AND THE STRUCTURAL CONDITION OF ROLLED METAL FROM LOW-CARBON LOW-ALLOY STEEL 10G2FB","authors":"O. Beketov, D. Laukhin, L. Dadiverina, V.I. Kozechko, A.O. Taranenko","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.26.1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.26.1039","url":null,"abstract":"When choosing steels for the design of high-rise and long-span buildings with increased load-bearing capacity, it is advisable to give preference to thick rolled steel from low-carbon, low-alloy steels, since it, with the same level of strength as construction steels, has a higher level of plasticity. At the same time, the problem of using thick rolled steel from low-carbon, low-alloy steels in the construction industry are the anisotropy of the rolled metal properties, which can increase with an increase in the thickness of the rolled metal. Currently, in Ukraine, controlled rolling is one of the most promising technologies of high-temperature thermomechanical processing for the production of thick rolled metal from low-carbon, low-alloy steels. At the same time, with an increase in the thickness of the rolled metal, which is produced with this technological scheme, the effect of the regulated formation of the structural state decreases due to the influence on the temperature of the surface layers of the rolled metal, the thermodynamic state of the inner layers and the inability of the rolling equipment available at domestic enterprises to deform the metal over the entire cross-sectional area. Therefore, the task of obtaining such a structural state in the thick sheet metal roll, which will ensure the reduction of the anisotropy of the properties, which will allow the use of such rolled metal in the construction industry, is urgent. Purpose of the article is to study of the structural state of low-carbon low-alloy steel 10G2FB, which was produced using the technology of controlled rolling, depending on the thickness of the rolled metal. Conclusion. The relationship between the structural state and the thickness of rolled metal from low-carbon low-alloy steel 10G2FB, which was produced by controlled rolling technology, was studied. It was established that with the increase in thickness, the percentage content of the ferrite component increases with a simultaneous decrease in the percentage content of the pearlite phase. It is shown that changes in the formation languages of structural components begin with an increase in the thickness of the rolled metal over 30 mm, which is explained by the influence of the temperature of the inner layers on the processes of forming the structural state, namely, with an increase in the thickness of the rolled metal, the thermodynamic rate of phase transformations in the middle layers of the rolled metal samples decreases. This conclusion is confirmed by two factors: firstly, an increase in the size of pearlite colonies, and secondly, a change in the morphology of the cementite framework of pearlite colonies from zigzag (thickness 16...30 mm) to ribbon (thickness 40...100 mm).","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Постановка проблеми. Проблема відсутності бази даних для оцінення пожежонебезпечних властивостей піротехнічних виробів в умовах зовнішніх теплових впливів значно ускладнює прогнозування пожежонебезпечних властивостей піротехнічних сумішей в умовах різноманітних зовнішніх теплових впливів (наприклад, загоряння складів, де зберігаються піротехнічні вироби, споряджені зарядами з відповідних сумішей, в умовах транспортування при інтенсивному конвективному нагріванні їх поверхонь або при аеродинамічному нагріванні металевих оболонок виробів під час стрільби та польоту), важлива характеристика з яких − тепловий потік, що нагріває металеві корпуси піротехнічних виробів до критичних температур, які можуть перевищувати температуру спалаху металевих палив у газоподібних продуктах термічного розкладання окиснювачів. Мета статті − отримати базу даних про температуру займання частинок розглянутих металів в умовах підвищених температур нагріву та зовнішнього тиску у вигляді простих експериментально-статистичних моделей, зручних для практичних оцінок. Застосовано методи експериментально-статистичного моделювання та розроблено спеціалізоване програмне забезпечення із застосуванням методів регресії та інтерполяції, що дозволяє розрахувати рівні температур займання частинок металевого палива в газоподібних продуктах O2 + N2 (основні продукти розпаду − нітратумісні окиснювачі [1; 12; 15; 18; 19]), що характеризує їх здатність прискорювати процес займання в умовах підвищених температур нагріву та зовнішнього тиску. Висновок. Установлено нові закономірності комплексного впливу різних контрольованих параметрів на температуру займання частинок магнію в продуктах термічного розкладання нітратумісних окиснювачів. Проведено моделювання процесів горіння порошків піротехнічного металевого палива та визначено вплив контрольованих параметрів на температуру займання частинок палива металевого магнію, що необхідно для подальшого формування бази даних про пожежонебезпечні властивості піротехнічних виробів в умовах зовнішніх термічних впливів.
{"title":"SIMULATION OF THE COMBUSTION PROCESSES OF PYROTECHNIC POWDER OF METAL FUEL MAGNESIUM","authors":"A.S. Bielikov, O.O. Diadiushenko, O.S. Dibrova, O.V. Hrushovinchuk, A.A. Khyzhniak, I.O. Nozhko","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.126.1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.126.1051","url":null,"abstract":"Постановка проблеми. Проблема відсутності бази даних для оцінення пожежонебезпечних властивостей піротехнічних виробів в умовах зовнішніх теплових впливів значно ускладнює прогнозування пожежонебезпечних властивостей піротехнічних сумішей в умовах різноманітних зовнішніх теплових впливів (наприклад, загоряння складів, де зберігаються піротехнічні вироби, споряджені зарядами з відповідних сумішей, в умовах транспортування при інтенсивному конвективному нагріванні їх поверхонь або при аеродинамічному нагріванні металевих оболонок виробів під час стрільби та польоту), важлива характеристика з яких − тепловий потік, що нагріває металеві корпуси піротехнічних виробів до критичних температур, які можуть перевищувати температуру спалаху металевих палив у газоподібних продуктах термічного розкладання окиснювачів. Мета статті − отримати базу даних про температуру займання частинок розглянутих металів в умовах підвищених температур нагріву та зовнішнього тиску у вигляді простих експериментально-статистичних моделей, зручних для практичних оцінок. Застосовано методи експериментально-статистичного моделювання та розроблено спеціалізоване програмне забезпечення із застосуванням методів регресії та інтерполяції, що дозволяє розрахувати рівні температур займання частинок металевого палива в газоподібних продуктах O2 + N2 (основні продукти розпаду − нітратумісні окиснювачі [1; 12; 15; 18; 19]), що характеризує їх здатність прискорювати процес займання в умовах підвищених температур нагріву та зовнішнього тиску. Висновок. Установлено нові закономірності комплексного впливу різних контрольованих параметрів на температуру займання частинок магнію в продуктах термічного розкладання нітратумісних окиснювачів. Проведено моделювання процесів горіння порошків піротехнічного металевого палива та визначено вплив контрольованих параметрів на температуру займання частинок палива металевого магнію, що необхідно для подальшого формування бази даних про пожежонебезпечні властивості піротехнічних виробів в умовах зовнішніх термічних впливів.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.106.1049
K.S. Kharchenko, T.M. Tovstyk, D.M. Diakonov
Problem statement. Computer technology is becoming increasingly popular in the architectural field, and its use can have both positive and negative consequences. Computer modeling allows architects to create and analyze designs faster and more accurately, which improves the quality and efficiency of construction. The development of computer technologies has significantly changed the approach to design in architecture. However, dependence on computer technologies can lead to the loss of the ability to analyze and design architectural objects independently. Purpose of the article. To analyze the impact of computer technology on architecture and to assess the perspective of this impact in the future. Conclusion. Today computer technology is used everywhere. The development of modeling and construction technologies provides new opportunities in the field of architecture. The use of computer technology at all stages of construction allows architects to create increasingly complex projects with high accuracy and efficiency. The use of new technologies in the field of architecture will allow to provide a more complex approach to design, which can cover more characteristics necessary to take into account. Generative design can be used to provide a more efficient and accurate design process. Virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) provide a wide range of opportunities for designing and modeling architectural objects. With the help of BIM technology, an information model is created, which provides an accurate vision of the project as a whole. An important component of this technology is a single information space, a database. Artificial intelligence can create thousands of building options. The question of how to use resources more rationally (time, material, human) is one of the key issues of our time. Computer technologies help solve these problems and invent new methods of designing and building architectural objects. Ukraine, as one of the most digitized countries in the world, is rapidly introducing the latest technologies into the design work processes, which will lead to positive changes in the state's architectural image.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES ON THE PROCESS OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN","authors":"K.S. Kharchenko, T.M. Tovstyk, D.M. Diakonov","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.106.1049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.106.1049","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. Computer technology is becoming increasingly popular in the architectural field, and its use can have both positive and negative consequences. Computer modeling allows architects to create and analyze designs faster and more accurately, which improves the quality and efficiency of construction. The development of computer technologies has significantly changed the approach to design in architecture. However, dependence on computer technologies can lead to the loss of the ability to analyze and design architectural objects independently. Purpose of the article. To analyze the impact of computer technology on architecture and to assess the perspective of this impact in the future. Conclusion. Today computer technology is used everywhere. The development of modeling and construction technologies provides new opportunities in the field of architecture. The use of computer technology at all stages of construction allows architects to create increasingly complex projects with high accuracy and efficiency. The use of new technologies in the field of architecture will allow to provide a more complex approach to design, which can cover more characteristics necessary to take into account. Generative design can be used to provide a more efficient and accurate design process. Virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) provide a wide range of opportunities for designing and modeling architectural objects. With the help of BIM technology, an information model is created, which provides an accurate vision of the project as a whole. An important component of this technology is a single information space, a database. Artificial intelligence can create thousands of building options. The question of how to use resources more rationally (time, material, human) is one of the key issues of our time. Computer technologies help solve these problems and invent new methods of designing and building architectural objects. Ukraine, as one of the most digitized countries in the world, is rapidly introducing the latest technologies into the design work processes, which will lead to positive changes in the state's architectural image.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.34.1040
V. Harkusha, S. Simonov
Problem statement. The peculiarities of the construction of civilian buildings consist in ensuring a reduction in energy consumption, costs for their maintenance and a harmonious combination with the urban environment; the cost reduction of buildings that are rented out; reducing the duration of civil buildings construction. In the process of building civil buildings, a large number of uncoordinated operations may occur, which lead to a decrease in the quality of the finished housing and material losses. Thanks to the use of BIM-technologies, it is possible to maximally take into account such inconsistent moments and make the construction process more efficient. Purpose of the article is to analyse the practical experience of BIM-technologies using for the construction and repair of civil buildings, including the use of concrete with polymer addmitures as a material for the repair of civil buildings from the point of view of increasing their service life. Conclusion. Today, the sphere of construction production is changing quite dynamically. More recently, there were no materials that would allow to achieve qualitatively different results. These are primarily polymer additives for concrete, which are currently available in large quantities. However, the use of polymer additives requires a full knowledge of their properties. This is necessary for the reason that such components, in case of non-compliance with the rules of their use, can nullify the efforts of all project participants. If you have a sufficient level of knowledge about the components used by this or that production, there are situations when weather conditions can radically change the result of construction work, but not always in a more favorable direction. It is important to take into account not only information about the interaction of many factors, but also the need to build a civil building that meets the thermal and technical characteristics of modern construction. Not only the profit from the planned project depends on this, but also the living conditions and comfort of many generations of the population of our country.
{"title":"BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF CIVIL BUILDINGS USING BIM-TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"V. Harkusha, S. Simonov","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.34.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.34.1040","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. The peculiarities of the construction of civilian buildings consist in ensuring a reduction in energy consumption, costs for their maintenance and a harmonious combination with the urban environment; the cost reduction of buildings that are rented out; reducing the duration of civil buildings construction. In the process of building civil buildings, a large number of uncoordinated operations may occur, which lead to a decrease in the quality of the finished housing and material losses. Thanks to the use of BIM-technologies, it is possible to maximally take into account such inconsistent moments and make the construction process more efficient. Purpose of the article is to analyse the practical experience of BIM-technologies using for the construction and repair of civil buildings, including the use of concrete with polymer addmitures as a material for the repair of civil buildings from the point of view of increasing their service life. Conclusion. Today, the sphere of construction production is changing quite dynamically. More recently, there were no materials that would allow to achieve qualitatively different results. These are primarily polymer additives for concrete, which are currently available in large quantities. However, the use of polymer additives requires a full knowledge of their properties. This is necessary for the reason that such components, in case of non-compliance with the rules of their use, can nullify the efforts of all project participants. If you have a sufficient level of knowledge about the components used by this or that production, there are situations when weather conditions can radically change the result of construction work, but not always in a more favorable direction. It is important to take into account not only information about the interaction of many factors, but also the need to build a civil building that meets the thermal and technical characteristics of modern construction. Not only the profit from the planned project depends on this, but also the living conditions and comfort of many generations of the population of our country.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.99.1048
A. Smyrnov, A.O. Myslytska
Problem statement. During the process of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine, there will be a need for a large number of affordable and ecological building materials, especially in the part of restoration and construction of low-rise buildings. Such building materials can be soil-concrete and aggregates from crushed concrete waste. The proposed constructive solution of the ribbed floor, in which the ribs are made of pine beams and OSB sheets, and the slab part is made of soil concrete on fixed formwork. The purpose of the article is to determine the optimal composition of the soil-concrete mixture using crushed stone obtained after crushing concrete scrap, taking into account the configuration of the wood-soil concrete slab, to determine the strength of soil-concrete of this composition, to determine the possibility of using recycled coarse aggregates. Conclusions. Based on the results of determining the optimal composition of soil-concrete, it was established that the maximum compressive strength is achieved when the mass content of the binder in the cement-soil mixture is at the level of 20 %. Taking into account the configuration of the slab part of the floor, a fraction of 5...7.5 mm is accepted for coarse aggregate. During the test of soil-concrete samples with recycled aggregate with a mass content of 10 %, 20 % and 30 %, the compressive strength of soil concrete decreased. Obviously, the presence of a clay component (loam) in the mixture reduces the adhesion in the contact zone between the aggregate and the soil-concrete, which increases the heterogeneity of the entire structure of the soil-concrete. Thus, the use of natural or recycled coarse aggregates in soil-concrete is impractical. Taking into account the determined strength of soil-concrete without aggregate, a scheme of combined concreting of the soil-concrete slab is proposed – heavy concrete above the rib and soil-concrete in the overhangs. In this case, there is a need for research on the possibility of using recycled coarse aggregate of the required size in heavy concrete.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE IN A WOOD-SOIL CONCRETE SLAB","authors":"A. Smyrnov, A.O. Myslytska","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.99.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.99.1048","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. During the process of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine, there will be a need for a large number of affordable and ecological building materials, especially in the part of restoration and construction of low-rise buildings. Such building materials can be soil-concrete and aggregates from crushed concrete waste. The proposed constructive solution of the ribbed floor, in which the ribs are made of pine beams and OSB sheets, and the slab part is made of soil concrete on fixed formwork. The purpose of the article is to determine the optimal composition of the soil-concrete mixture using crushed stone obtained after crushing concrete scrap, taking into account the configuration of the wood-soil concrete slab, to determine the strength of soil-concrete of this composition, to determine the possibility of using recycled coarse aggregates. Conclusions. Based on the results of determining the optimal composition of soil-concrete, it was established that the maximum compressive strength is achieved when the mass content of the binder in the cement-soil mixture is at the level of 20 %. Taking into account the configuration of the slab part of the floor, a fraction of 5...7.5 mm is accepted for coarse aggregate. During the test of soil-concrete samples with recycled aggregate with a mass content of 10 %, 20 % and 30 %, the compressive strength of soil concrete decreased. Obviously, the presence of a clay component (loam) in the mixture reduces the adhesion in the contact zone between the aggregate and the soil-concrete, which increases the heterogeneity of the entire structure of the soil-concrete. Thus, the use of natural or recycled coarse aggregates in soil-concrete is impractical. Taking into account the determined strength of soil-concrete without aggregate, a scheme of combined concreting of the soil-concrete slab is proposed – heavy concrete above the rib and soil-concrete in the overhangs. In this case, there is a need for research on the possibility of using recycled coarse aggregate of the required size in heavy concrete.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.90.1047
S.O. Slobodianiuk
Raising of problem. When calculating concrete and reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to take into account the shrinkage and creep of concrete, which are not a minor factor. Because during long-term operation of such structures, these factors can significantly change the stress-strain state of structures over time and lead to the appearance of extreme deformations, cracks and their destruction. Therefore, when designing concrete and reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to take into account the influence of shrinkage and creep of concrete. To do this, the designer must have the parameters included in the equations and calculation formulas. There are numerous of parameters and they are determined experimentally and depend on many factors. However, the designer must have these parameters even when there is no experimental data on the material and design, but when the material (strength class) has already been specified. Thus, there is a need to calculate the required parameters based on the main factors. The simplest computational determination of the creep characteristics of concrete is possible using the theory of aging at a constant modulus of elasticity of concrete, which partially takes into account the aftereffect (reversibility) of creep deformations. We will call such a theory the technical theory of aging and it operates with the smallest number of parameters (2 in total) and only one creep curve at the initial load age t0, and not with a family of these curves. Purpose. Development of theoretical solutions and practical methods for taking into account the design characteristics of shrinkage and creep of concrete in building design standards. Conclusion. The work resulted in the development of a convenient for practical use linear theory of concrete creep − the technical theory of aging and the development on its basis of theoretical solutions and practical methods for taking into account the calculated characteristics of shrinkage and creep of concrete in building design standards.
{"title":"CALCULATED DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SHRINKAGE AND TOUCH OF CONCRETE","authors":"S.O. Slobodianiuk","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.90.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.90.1047","url":null,"abstract":"Raising of problem. When calculating concrete and reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to take into account the shrinkage and creep of concrete, which are not a minor factor. Because during long-term operation of such structures, these factors can significantly change the stress-strain state of structures over time and lead to the appearance of extreme deformations, cracks and their destruction. Therefore, when designing concrete and reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to take into account the influence of shrinkage and creep of concrete. To do this, the designer must have the parameters included in the equations and calculation formulas. There are numerous of parameters and they are determined experimentally and depend on many factors. However, the designer must have these parameters even when there is no experimental data on the material and design, but when the material (strength class) has already been specified. Thus, there is a need to calculate the required parameters based on the main factors. The simplest computational determination of the creep characteristics of concrete is possible using the theory of aging at a constant modulus of elasticity of concrete, which partially takes into account the aftereffect (reversibility) of creep deformations. We will call such a theory the technical theory of aging and it operates with the smallest number of parameters (2 in total) and only one creep curve at the initial load age t0, and not with a family of these curves. Purpose. Development of theoretical solutions and practical methods for taking into account the design characteristics of shrinkage and creep of concrete in building design standards. Conclusion. The work resulted in the development of a convenient for practical use linear theory of concrete creep − the technical theory of aging and the development on its basis of theoretical solutions and practical methods for taking into account the calculated characteristics of shrinkage and creep of concrete in building design standards.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"42 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.57.1043
V.O. Naumov, D.O. Protsenko
The technologies and organization of the dismantling of destroyed, damaged columns and those that have lost stability and bearing capacity as a result of dynamic loads during an explosion is a very relevant topic, since these events have become extremely frequent in the modern world, and almost always cause damage to buildings and structures, such as civil and industrial infrastructure. The dismantling of such structures is a necessary stage in the demolition of old buildings for the construction of new ones, as well as the restoration and reconstruction of buildings and infrastructure. The development and improvement of technological methods and ways of dismantling damaged columns, the development of new mechanisms and devices is of great practical importance in the construction and reconstruction of infrastructure facilities. The purpose of the article is to study the methodology for the selection of effective OTD, which ensure the intensification of dismantling works and the reduction of the period of reconstruction and restoration of buildings and structures. The object of research: technological processes that occur during the dismantling of modern structures. The subject of the study: technological parameters and technical and economic indicators of technological processes, which must be performed during the dismantling of modern structures, based on the capabilities of the Ukrainian construction industry. Presentation of the material. To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were performed: it was analyzed what part of the volume of the entire building is occupied by reinforced concrete and metal columns; specific examples of the real use of various methods of dismantling columns damaged or destroyed by an explosion were found; the frequency of use of various methods of dismantling columns was analyzed; the key factors affecting the choice of column dismantling method are determined. The result of the study will allow to choose the most effective OTD that ensures the intensification of dismantling works and shortening the period of reconstruction and restoration of buildings and structures.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGIES AND ORGANIZATION OF DISMANTLING COLUMNS DESTROYED, DAMAGED AND THOSE THAT LOST STABILITY AND BEARING CAPACITY AS A RESULT OF THE EXPLOSION","authors":"V.O. Naumov, D.O. Protsenko","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.57.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.57.1043","url":null,"abstract":"The technologies and organization of the dismantling of destroyed, damaged columns and those that have lost stability and bearing capacity as a result of dynamic loads during an explosion is a very relevant topic, since these events have become extremely frequent in the modern world, and almost always cause damage to buildings and structures, such as civil and industrial infrastructure. The dismantling of such structures is a necessary stage in the demolition of old buildings for the construction of new ones, as well as the restoration and reconstruction of buildings and infrastructure. The development and improvement of technological methods and ways of dismantling damaged columns, the development of new mechanisms and devices is of great practical importance in the construction and reconstruction of infrastructure facilities. The purpose of the article is to study the methodology for the selection of effective OTD, which ensure the intensification of dismantling works and the reduction of the period of reconstruction and restoration of buildings and structures. The object of research: technological processes that occur during the dismantling of modern structures. The subject of the study: technological parameters and technical and economic indicators of technological processes, which must be performed during the dismantling of modern structures, based on the capabilities of the Ukrainian construction industry. Presentation of the material. To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were performed: \u0000 \u0000it was analyzed what part of the volume of the entire building is occupied by reinforced concrete and metal columns; \u0000specific examples of the real use of various methods of dismantling columns damaged or destroyed by an explosion were found; \u0000the frequency of use of various methods of dismantling columns was analyzed; \u0000the key factors affecting the choice of column dismantling method are determined. \u0000 \u0000The result of the study will allow to choose the most effective OTD that ensures the intensification of dismantling works and shortening the period of reconstruction and restoration of buildings and structures.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.51.1042
R.M. Krol, M.A. Spilnyk
Problem statement. The complete filling of the bucket of the scraper “with a cap” due to the traction force of the base tractor is complicated and requires significant traction forces, which the base tractor is not able to develop, therefore pusher tractors or the coupling of scrapers to the scraper train and work according to the “pull-push” scheme used. In a separate direction, designs of scrapers with forced loading due to various intensifiers are developing − elevator loading, throwers, screw loaders, etc., but a significant drawback, in addition to the greater mass of the scraper and the need to select part of the torque from the engine shaft to drive the intensifier, is the need to eliminate of the intensifier from the bucket cavity when unloading the soil. Purpose of the article is to develop telescopic scraper buckets of increased capacity, which will allow filling of the scraper bucket “with a cap” only due to the traction force of the basic tractor without the use of a pusher tractor. The proposed bucket filling technology is carried out in three stages. At the first stage, the capacity of the front flap is filled with soil; on the second − removal of the rear wall to the extreme position of the telescopic section and filling the resulting space with soil; removal of the telescopic section with soil and the back wall to the maximum extreme position and filling the space formed with soil - on the third Conclusion. It is proposed the designs of telescopic type scraper buckets with increased capacity and their filling technology, which allows you to fill the bucket due to the traction force of the tractor, and the increased volume allows to increase the productivity of the scraper as a whole.
{"title":"CONSTRUCTIONS OF TELESCOPIC SCRAPER BUCKETS AND THEIR FILLING TECHNOLOGY","authors":"R.M. Krol, M.A. Spilnyk","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.51.1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.51.1042","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. The complete filling of the bucket of the scraper “with a cap” due to the traction force of the base tractor is complicated and requires significant traction forces, which the base tractor is not able to develop, therefore pusher tractors or the coupling of scrapers to the scraper train and work according to the “pull-push” scheme used. In a separate direction, designs of scrapers with forced loading due to various intensifiers are developing − elevator loading, throwers, screw loaders, etc., but a significant drawback, in addition to the greater mass of the scraper and the need to select part of the torque from the engine shaft to drive the intensifier, is the need to eliminate of the intensifier from the bucket cavity when unloading the soil. Purpose of the article is to develop telescopic scraper buckets of increased capacity, which will allow filling of the scraper bucket “with a cap” only due to the traction force of the basic tractor without the use of a pusher tractor. The proposed bucket filling technology is carried out in three stages. At the first stage, the capacity of the front flap is filled with soil; on the second − removal of the rear wall to the extreme position of the telescopic section and filling the resulting space with soil; removal of the telescopic section with soil and the back wall to the maximum extreme position and filling the space formed with soil - on the third Conclusion. It is proposed the designs of telescopic type scraper buckets with increased capacity and their filling technology, which allows you to fill the bucket due to the traction force of the tractor, and the increased volume allows to increase the productivity of the scraper as a whole.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"42 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-21DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.270224.142.1034
Yu.S. Sokolan, O.V. Bahrii
Problem statement. In the XXI century, there is a global trend towards the development of specialised software that would solve a number of specific problems within certain subject areas. The task of extending the functionality of the developed software for calculating side illumination with functionality that would allow the calculation of overhead natural illumination is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of the article is to improve the automated approach to calculating the regulated area of light openings in buildings and structures, as well as assessing the available natural illumination by filling the developed software for assessing side natural illumination with functionality for assessing overhead natural illumination. Conclusions. The developed software product for the calculation of one-sided side natural illumination was supplemented with functionality designed to calculate two-sided side lighting and overhead natural illumination. It provides protection against entering erroneous data, and partially implements automated document flow, which includes the ability to keep a log of calculations. The use of such specialized software is one of the methods of automating calculations in the preliminary design of natural illumination of premises, as well as in assessing the existing natural illumination and its compliance with the requirements regulated by DBN B.2.5:28-2018 Natural and artificial illumination. The proposed method for calculating natural illumination will minimize the possibility of errors, increase the accuracy of the calculations, speed up the process of calculating the area of illumination openings, and allow the calculation of the area of illumination openings without knowledge of the methodology. This method is of practical use in the construction industry when designing illumination systems, as well as in the field of occupational health and safety to assess the compliance of existing illumination with the regulated requirements.
{"title":"IMPROVING THE AUTOMATED APPROACH TO CALCULATING AND ASSESSING THE STATE OF NATURAL ILLUMINATION","authors":"Yu.S. Sokolan, O.V. Bahrii","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.270224.142.1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.270224.142.1034","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. In the XXI century, there is a global trend towards the development of specialised software that would solve a number of specific problems within certain subject areas. The task of extending the functionality of the developed software for calculating side illumination with functionality that would allow the calculation of overhead natural illumination is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of the article is to improve the automated approach to calculating the regulated area of light openings in buildings and structures, as well as assessing the available natural illumination by filling the developed software for assessing side natural illumination with functionality for assessing overhead natural illumination. Conclusions. The developed software product for the calculation of one-sided side natural illumination was supplemented with functionality designed to calculate two-sided side lighting and overhead natural illumination. It provides protection against entering erroneous data, and partially implements automated document flow, which includes the ability to keep a log of calculations. The use of such specialized software is one of the methods of automating calculations in the preliminary design of natural illumination of premises, as well as in assessing the existing natural illumination and its compliance with the requirements regulated by DBN B.2.5:28-2018 Natural and artificial illumination. The proposed method for calculating natural illumination will minimize the possibility of errors, increase the accuracy of the calculations, speed up the process of calculating the area of illumination openings, and allow the calculation of the area of illumination openings without knowledge of the methodology. This method is of practical use in the construction industry when designing illumination systems, as well as in the field of occupational health and safety to assess the compliance of existing illumination with the regulated requirements.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"104 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140679014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issues of analysing the progressive collapse of buildings have become an inseparable part of design. However, design standards still do not provide clear criteria for the calculation algorithm in the analysis of instantaneous collapse of building structures. The article discusses the problems and uncertainties of formulating the problem of analysing the instantaneous collapse of structures. To illustrate the uncertainty of applying applying building analysis methods to progressive collapse in accordance with the requirements of various standards, examples of calculations of existing one-storey frame industrial buildings are given. SCAD Office and LIRA-SCAD software packages are used for the analysis. The results of the solution of the dynamic problem in the time domain are compared with the setting of different times of redistribution of the reaction and the results of the quasi-static calculation with different dynamic coefficients. A comparison is made between the theoretical results of predicting disproportionate destruction and the actual collapse of the structures of the industrial building that was damaged by missile strikes. The presence of important discrepancies in the calculation results and their causes are analyzed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main features that arise when designing (reinforced) structures of industrial buildings, taking into account the possibility of their local destruction. Conclusion. The article considers some problems that must be solved during the design or reconstruction of industrial buildings, the operation of which may be associated with one or another local destruction of the bearing structures. Prospective constructive ways of effectively solving these problems are presented.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF CALCULATION METHODS FOR PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE OF SINGLE-STOREY FRAME INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND SEARCH FOR OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF CALCULATIONS","authors":"A.V. Radkevich, I.I. Davidov, V.P. Chaban, K.A. Kovtun","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.270224.122.1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.270224.122.1032","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of analysing the progressive collapse of buildings have become an inseparable part of design. However, design standards still do not provide clear criteria for the calculation algorithm in the analysis of instantaneous collapse of building structures. The article discusses the problems and uncertainties of formulating the problem of analysing the instantaneous collapse of structures. To illustrate the uncertainty of applying applying building analysis methods to progressive collapse in accordance with the requirements of various standards, examples of calculations of existing one-storey frame industrial buildings are given. SCAD Office and LIRA-SCAD software packages are used for the analysis. The results of the solution of the dynamic problem in the time domain are compared with the setting of different times of redistribution of the reaction and the results of the quasi-static calculation with different dynamic coefficients. A comparison is made between the theoretical results of predicting disproportionate destruction and the actual collapse of the structures of the industrial building that was damaged by missile strikes. The presence of important discrepancies in the calculation results and their causes are analyzed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main features that arise when designing (reinforced) structures of industrial buildings, taking into account the possibility of their local destruction. Conclusion. The article considers some problems that must be solved during the design or reconstruction of industrial buildings, the operation of which may be associated with one or another local destruction of the bearing structures. Prospective constructive ways of effectively solving these problems are presented.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"113 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：