Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.13.1037
O.L. Butska, T.D. Nikiforova, T.Yu. Shevchenko, R.V. Butskyi
Formulation of the problem. Architectural and construction design of buildings using reinforced concrete has led to an increase in the number of objects with an individual space-planning structure, a rich variety of facade and volumetric solutions. Today the question of the effectiveness of using flat prefabricated monolithic lightweight floors in the construction of multi-storey buildings with individual space-planning and architectural solutions is relevant. In a market economy interest in the issue of rational use of resources, namely the cost of concrete and reinforcement in construction, has sharply increased, which is directly related to attracting investment. As it is known, when designing buildings from prefabricated monolithic reinforced concrete, in contrast to prefabricated concrete, there is greater freedom in adopting the space-planning parameters of the building, and there may also be simpler design solutions, in particular for floors. The constructive solution of floors depends on numerous requirements for the building as a whole and directly for the floor. One of the requirements that influences the attraction of investments is a small material-intensive floor covering with significant spans of buildings of various structural systems. The effective use of lightweight precast monolithic reinforced concrete floors with voids made of plastic balls in construction requires a comprehensive technical and economic analysis of this innovative solution for the precast monolithic reinforced concrete floor structure. The purpose of the article is to perform a technical and economic comparison of various design options for a flat lightweight prefabricated monolithic floor. The influence of floor parameters on the consumption of concrete and reinforcement is considered. Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was established that it is rational to use hollow balls made from recycled materials as a material for making voids from balls in flat floors. Moreover, all studied floor options with spans of 6 m, 7 m, 8 m and void sizes made of balls with diameters of 180 mm, 315 mm and 50 0mm meet the requirements of the first and second groups of limit states.
{"title":"SELECTION OF OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF A LIGHTWEIGHT FLAT FLOOR WITH VOIDS MADE OF PLASTIC BALLS","authors":"O.L. Butska, T.D. Nikiforova, T.Yu. Shevchenko, R.V. Butskyi","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.13.1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.13.1037","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. Architectural and construction design of buildings using reinforced concrete has led to an increase in the number of objects with an individual space-planning structure, a rich variety of facade and volumetric solutions. Today the question of the effectiveness of using flat prefabricated monolithic lightweight floors in the construction of multi-storey buildings with individual space-planning and architectural solutions is relevant. In a market economy interest in the issue of rational use of resources, namely the cost of concrete and reinforcement in construction, has sharply increased, which is directly related to attracting investment. As it is known, when designing buildings from prefabricated monolithic reinforced concrete, in contrast to prefabricated concrete, there is greater freedom in adopting the space-planning parameters of the building, and there may also be simpler design solutions, in particular for floors. The constructive solution of floors depends on numerous requirements for the building as a whole and directly for the floor. One of the requirements that influences the attraction of investments is a small material-intensive floor covering with significant spans of buildings of various structural systems. The effective use of lightweight precast monolithic reinforced concrete floors with voids made of plastic balls in construction requires a comprehensive technical and economic analysis of this innovative solution for the precast monolithic reinforced concrete floor structure. The purpose of the article is to perform a technical and economic comparison of various design options for a flat lightweight prefabricated monolithic floor. The influence of floor parameters on the consumption of concrete and reinforcement is considered. Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was established that it is rational to use hollow balls made from recycled materials as a material for making voids from balls in flat floors. Moreover, all studied floor options with spans of 6 m, 7 m, 8 m and void sizes made of balls with diameters of 180 mm, 315 mm and 50 0mm meet the requirements of the first and second groups of limit states.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"36 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.82.1046
T.I. Rusakova
Problem statement. The task of the research is evaluation the dynamics of changes in the level of injuries at work depending on the main causes of the accident. Technical, organizational, psychophysiological, technogenic, social, natural and environmental causes are closely interrelated and have a significant impact on the number of victims of accidents at the industrial plants, as well as on the number of victims of accidents with fatal consequences. The purpose of the article. The assessment of changes in industrial injuries at Ukrainian enterprises during 2010−2022. The establishing connection between social and industrial factors affecting the rate of industrial accidents. The creation of correlation-regression models for statistical evaluation and analysis of the influence of factor variables on the results of injury. Methodology. The use of descriptive statistics for the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the level of industrial injuries. Carrying out a correlation analysis to establish the density of connection between factor variables and resulting features. The use of regression-variance analysis to obtain coefficients of regression mathematical models and statistical indicators that explain the probability of significance of these coefficients. Calculation of the value of the relative error of the calculation data obtained according to mathematical models to confirm their adequacy. Scientific novelty. Multiple correlation-regression models have been developed that take into account the main causes of the accident as factor variables affecting the injury rate and the rate of fatal accidents. Practical significance. Mathematical models make estimate the impact of the main causes of accidents on the level of industrial injuries. The implementation of improved methods and means of safe activity at work is an important tool for correcting the cause-and-effect relationships of industrial injuries. Conclusions. The correlation-regression models were created to analyze the level of industrial injuries in Ukraine. The numerical calculations were carried out according to these models. The average values of the relative errors of the calculated data are 1.55 % and 6.08 %, which indicates the adequacy of the developed models.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES","authors":"T.I. Rusakova","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.82.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.82.1046","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. The task of the research is evaluation the dynamics of changes in the level of injuries at work depending on the main causes of the accident. Technical, organizational, psychophysiological, technogenic, social, natural and environmental causes are closely interrelated and have a significant impact on the number of victims of accidents at the industrial plants, as well as on the number of victims of accidents with fatal consequences. The purpose of the article. The assessment of changes in industrial injuries at Ukrainian enterprises during 2010−2022. The establishing connection between social and industrial factors affecting the rate of industrial accidents. The creation of correlation-regression models for statistical evaluation and analysis of the influence of factor variables on the results of injury. Methodology. The use of descriptive statistics for the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the level of industrial injuries. Carrying out a correlation analysis to establish the density of connection between factor variables and resulting features. The use of regression-variance analysis to obtain coefficients of regression mathematical models and statistical indicators that explain the probability of significance of these coefficients. Calculation of the value of the relative error of the calculation data obtained according to mathematical models to confirm their adequacy. Scientific novelty. Multiple correlation-regression models have been developed that take into account the main causes of the accident as factor variables affecting the injury rate and the rate of fatal accidents. Practical significance. Mathematical models make estimate the impact of the main causes of accidents on the level of industrial injuries. The implementation of improved methods and means of safe activity at work is an important tool for correcting the cause-and-effect relationships of industrial injuries. Conclusions. The correlation-regression models were created to analyze the level of industrial injuries in Ukraine. The numerical calculations were carried out according to these models. The average values of the relative errors of the calculated data are 1.55 % and 6.08 %, which indicates the adequacy of the developed models.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.152.1054
V.L. Siedin, V. Ulianov, V. Zahilskyi, V.V. Kovba, S. Horlach, Ye.V. Luhovska
Problem statement. Along with other natural gases that are freely discharged into the atmosphere in tectonic fault zones in Earth’s crust, the best-known one is the radioactive gas Radon (²²²Rn). The properties of this gas, namely inertness, short half-life period (up to 3.8 days) and availability of progeny distinguish it from other gases, such as methane, hydrogen, helium, etc. Another problem is determining the activity of tectonic faults identified by seismic exploration works in the waters near sites of future shore NPPs or those under construction. All the existing devices for offshore works were analyzed. Their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their suitability for radon research, have been revealed. Purpose of the article. In the paper, the need is substantiated to introduce radonometry for seismotectonic studies at shore NPP sites located in the sea and ocean shelf zones. Conclusions and results. As a result of analyzing the systems available for these purposes, it was deemed necessary to develop new types of devices different from the already existing ones and, for good measure, experimental prototypes. Moreover, there have been proposed their possible layout schemes. Layout schemes of specialized devices for radon research on the shelf, just as the need for such research, have been proposed and justified for the first time. Offshore radonometry conducted to identify the tectonic activity of revealed fault zones can become another additional factor that increases the operational reliability of future NPPs and, first of all, their hydraulic structures.
{"title":"POSSIBLE CONSTRUCTION FEATURES OF EQUIPMENT FOR RADONOMETRY OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS ON THE SEA SHELF DURING RESEARCH AT SHORE NPP SITES","authors":"V.L. Siedin, V. Ulianov, V. Zahilskyi, V.V. Kovba, S. Horlach, Ye.V. Luhovska","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.152.1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.152.1054","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. Along with other natural gases that are freely discharged into the atmosphere in tectonic fault zones in Earth’s crust, the best-known one is the radioactive gas Radon (²²²Rn). The properties of this gas, namely inertness, short half-life period (up to 3.8 days) and availability of progeny distinguish it from other gases, such as methane, hydrogen, helium, etc. Another problem is determining the activity of tectonic faults identified by seismic exploration works in the waters near sites of future shore NPPs or those under construction. All the existing devices for offshore works were analyzed. Their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their suitability for radon research, have been revealed. Purpose of the article. In the paper, the need is substantiated to introduce radonometry for seismotectonic studies at shore NPP sites located in the sea and ocean shelf zones. Conclusions and results. As a result of analyzing the systems available for these purposes, it was deemed necessary to develop new types of devices different from the already existing ones and, for good measure, experimental prototypes. Moreover, there have been proposed their possible layout schemes. Layout schemes of specialized devices for radon research on the shelf, just as the need for such research, have been proposed and justified for the first time. Offshore radonometry conducted to identify the tectonic activity of revealed fault zones can become another additional factor that increases the operational reliability of future NPPs and, first of all, their hydraulic structures.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"44 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.18.1038
N. Beiner, P. Beiner, M.V. Kulik, D.S. Ivanenko
Problem Statement. In the modern design process, advanced technologies are increasingly being utilized to create complex and innovative architectural projects. Neural networks play a crucial role in the development of automated image generation methods in the architectural field, considering various styles, forms, and textures. However, despite the rapid advancement of these technologies, there are significant issues hindering their full integration into architectural practice. Generating beautiful concept images using neural networks remains far from realization. These images may be inspirational but do not address technical aspects such as developing 3D models, preparing drawings, and performing calculations necessary for the successful implementation of projects. Striking a balance between aesthetics and functionality is a key factor for the successful realization of construction projects. The aim of the article is to examine the issues related to image concept generation in architecture using MidJourney and similar platforms. The primary focus is on analyzing why generating concept images is only the initial step in architectural design. Additional stages are required, such as developing 3D models, preparing drawings, and performing calculations. This will transform the ideas presented in images into tangible three-dimensional objects, considering technical aspects and engineering systems.
{"title":"NEURAL NETWORKS IN ARCHITECTURE: FROM IDEA TO IMPLEMENTATION","authors":"N. Beiner, P. Beiner, M.V. Kulik, D.S. Ivanenko","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.18.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.18.1038","url":null,"abstract":"Problem Statement. In the modern design process, advanced technologies are increasingly being utilized to create complex and innovative architectural projects. Neural networks play a crucial role in the development of automated image generation methods in the architectural field, considering various styles, forms, and textures. However, despite the rapid advancement of these technologies, there are significant issues hindering their full integration into architectural practice. Generating beautiful concept images using neural networks remains far from realization. These images may be inspirational but do not address technical aspects such as developing 3D models, preparing drawings, and performing calculations necessary for the successful implementation of projects. Striking a balance between aesthetics and functionality is a key factor for the successful realization of construction projects. The aim of the article is to examine the issues related to image concept generation in architecture using MidJourney and similar platforms. The primary focus is on analyzing why generating concept images is only the initial step in architectural design. Additional stages are required, such as developing 3D models, preparing drawings, and performing calculations. This will transform the ideas presented in images into tangible three-dimensional objects, considering technical aspects and engineering systems.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.116.1050
O.O. Yavorska, S.S. Barabanov
Problem statement. In emergency situations, which are activated by dynamic impacts from explosions, fires and earthquakes, it is necessary to monitor the stability of objects to assess their suitability for further operation. Purpose of the study. ensuring the safe operation of buildings and structures using methods, software and technical means for vibroacoustic monitoring of hidden damage in building structures. Methods. Analysis and generalization of data, computer modeling, experimental studies of the structures stability using the vibroacoustic method. Research results. Considered: loss of concrete stability, reinforced concrete, bricks and other elements of load-bearing structures; risk factors manifested in the gradual weakening of load-bearing building structures due to the accumulation of internal damage. Sudden loss of stability of structures occurs after the accumulation of a critical amount of damage in structural elements or the rapid growth of cracks, which are activated by the sudden unloading of extremely stressed structures as a result of any dynamic influences. By modeling the destruction process using the finite element method, it has been established that long before cracks on the surfaces of structures can be visually identified, zones of hidden damage can actively spread inside the wall structures of buildings. The main parameters for monitoring the condition of buildings and structures using visual and vibroacoustic methods have been determined. Due to the fact that the object of research is the partial destruction of buildings and structures (that is, not the root cause, but the consequences of the influence of a complex of negative main factors), two main groups of risk factors for assess the risks of stability loss have been proposed. The first group is associated with the detection of external structural damage identified by visual inspection methods. The second group is associated with the detection of hidden damage, the parameters of which are determined by the vibroacoustic method. The integral risk of stability loss is determined by comparing and selecting the maximum risk in the group. Scientific novelty. The methodology for identifying hidden damage in structural elements of buildings and structures has been further developed, which is distinguished by taking into account the parameters of vibroacoustic control of the destruction consequences and assessing the risks of the structures stability loss. Practical significance. The research results make it possible to improve the method for assessing changes in the structure of the medium as a result of the occurrence of observed and hidden systems of cracks using vibroacoustic monitoring.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF HIDDEN DAMAGE IN CONSTRUCTIVE ELEMENTS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES TO REDUCE THE RISKS OF THEIR DESTRUCTION","authors":"O.O. Yavorska, S.S. Barabanov","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.116.1050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.116.1050","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. In emergency situations, which are activated by dynamic impacts from explosions, fires and earthquakes, it is necessary to monitor the stability of objects to assess their suitability for further operation. Purpose of the study. ensuring the safe operation of buildings and structures using methods, software and technical means for vibroacoustic monitoring of hidden damage in building structures. Methods. Analysis and generalization of data, computer modeling, experimental studies of the structures stability using the vibroacoustic method. Research results. Considered: loss of concrete stability, reinforced concrete, bricks and other elements of load-bearing structures; risk factors manifested in the gradual weakening of load-bearing building structures due to the accumulation of internal damage. Sudden loss of stability of structures occurs after the accumulation of a critical amount of damage in structural elements or the rapid growth of cracks, which are activated by the sudden unloading of extremely stressed structures as a result of any dynamic influences. By modeling the destruction process using the finite element method, it has been established that long before cracks on the surfaces of structures can be visually identified, zones of hidden damage can actively spread inside the wall structures of buildings. The main parameters for monitoring the condition of buildings and structures using visual and vibroacoustic methods have been determined. Due to the fact that the object of research is the partial destruction of buildings and structures (that is, not the root cause, but the consequences of the influence of a complex of negative main factors), two main groups of risk factors for assess the risks of stability loss have been proposed. The first group is associated with the detection of external structural damage identified by visual inspection methods. The second group is associated with the detection of hidden damage, the parameters of which are determined by the vibroacoustic method. The integral risk of stability loss is determined by comparing and selecting the maximum risk in the group. Scientific novelty. The methodology for identifying hidden damage in structural elements of buildings and structures has been further developed, which is distinguished by taking into account the parameters of vibroacoustic control of the destruction consequences and assessing the risks of the structures stability loss. Practical significance. The research results make it possible to improve the method for assessing changes in the structure of the medium as a result of the occurrence of observed and hidden systems of cracks using vibroacoustic monitoring.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"57 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.7.1036
O.L. Butska, T.D. Nikiforova, R.V. Butskyi
Formulation of the problem. Prefabricated monolithic construction in domestic and global practice in recent years has occupied a small share in the field of construction. A fairly large number of designs of prefabricated monolithic lightweight floors, as well as its individual structural elements, have been proposed. The use of lightweight floors in the construction of residential and public buildings can significantly reduce the consumption of materials and the dead weight of structures and increase the size of live loads and overlapping spans. Despite this, it cannot be said that effective design solutions have been found that can maximally satisfy the requirements of consumers, architects and builders. Based on this, a constructive solution for a lightweight prefabricated monolithic floor with voids made of plastic balls, quite effective from the point of view of construction and subsequent operation, was proposed and investigated. The proposed design solution for a lightweight prefabricated monolithic flat floor with voids made of plastic balls has less mass than solid floors and optimal use of material resources, namely the consumption of concrete and reinforcement. Therefore, research to determine the optimal design parameters of a flat lightweight floor with void formers made of plastic balls is relevant. The purpose of the article is to conduct numerous studies of the stress-strain state of the proposed design of a prefabricated monolithic floor with voids made of plastic balls. Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was established that it is rational to use hollow balls made from recycled materials as a material for making voids from balls in flat floors. Moreover, all studied floor options with spans of 6 m, 7 m, 8 m and void sizes made of balls with diameters of 180 mm, 315 mm and 500 mm meet the requirements of the first and second groups of limit states.
{"title":"MODELING OF A LIGHTWEIGHT FLAT FLOOR WITH VOIDS MADE OF PLASTIC BALLS","authors":"O.L. Butska, T.D. Nikiforova, R.V. Butskyi","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.7.1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.7.1036","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. Prefabricated monolithic construction in domestic and global practice in recent years has occupied a small share in the field of construction. A fairly large number of designs of prefabricated monolithic lightweight floors, as well as its individual structural elements, have been proposed. The use of lightweight floors in the construction of residential and public buildings can significantly reduce the consumption of materials and the dead weight of structures and increase the size of live loads and overlapping spans. Despite this, it cannot be said that effective design solutions have been found that can maximally satisfy the requirements of consumers, architects and builders. Based on this, a constructive solution for a lightweight prefabricated monolithic floor with voids made of plastic balls, quite effective from the point of view of construction and subsequent operation, was proposed and investigated. The proposed design solution for a lightweight prefabricated monolithic flat floor with voids made of plastic balls has less mass than solid floors and optimal use of material resources, namely the consumption of concrete and reinforcement. Therefore, research to determine the optimal design parameters of a flat lightweight floor with void formers made of plastic balls is relevant. The purpose of the article is to conduct numerous studies of the stress-strain state of the proposed design of a prefabricated monolithic floor with voids made of plastic balls. Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was established that it is rational to use hollow balls made from recycled materials as a material for making voids from balls in flat floors. Moreover, all studied floor options with spans of 6 m, 7 m, 8 m and void sizes made of balls with diameters of 180 mm, 315 mm and 500 mm meet the requirements of the first and second groups of limit states.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.144.1053
O.A. Huseinov, V.I. Zaporozhets
Methods of influencing the system, the ultimate goal of which is to destruct the natural structure of the material, can be divided as mechanical, physical, chemical, biological and complex. The changing the energy state of a substance is called activation. The current scientific field of ultradispersed materials and physical and chemical processes caused by dispersion is created by the researches of many scientists. Detailed consideration for the increasing reactivity of a solid substance compared to the change in its specific surface area during its mechanical activation showed that the share attributable to the growth of the specific surface area is only a few percent of the mechanical activation effect. The other part is due to the accumulation of defects in the crystals during the grinding process. According to the law of conservation of energy, when a crystal splits, the potential energy of interaction between lattice nodes is transferred to uncompensated surface energy. In addition, the value of the specific surface energy depends on the type of flat lattice used to split the crystal. Therefore, the activation processes and the application of the substance in the active state are relevant in the development of modern binders and concretes. The purpose of the article is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods of influencing the system with the ultimate goal of destruction of the natural structure of the material to changing the energy state of the substance, i.e. its activation. Conclusions. During the destruction of solids, the formation of new cleavage surfaces is accompanied by the breaking of bonds between the substance structural elements and the transition of the potential bond energy into surface energy. Ceteris paribus, the higher the ionic charges and the smaller the distance between them (between adjacent flat grids in the lattice), the greater the value of σ. In addition, the value of the specific surface energy depends on the type of flat grids used to split the crystal. It is worth mentioning that not all methods of activation for binder and concrete (soluble) mixtures are currently implemented on an i industry level. This is due to various reasons. The main method of activation used on an industry level is mechanochemical activation in various types of mills.
{"title":"METHODS OF INFLUENCE ON THE SYSTEM TO CHANGE THE ENERGY STATE OF SUBSTANCE: EXPERIENCE, STATE OF THE ISSUE","authors":"O.A. Huseinov, V.I. Zaporozhets","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.144.1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.144.1053","url":null,"abstract":"Methods of influencing the system, the ultimate goal of which is to destruct the natural structure of the material, can be divided as mechanical, physical, chemical, biological and complex. The changing the energy state of a substance is called activation. The current scientific field of ultradispersed materials and physical and chemical processes caused by dispersion is created by the researches of many scientists. Detailed consideration for the increasing reactivity of a solid substance compared to the change in its specific surface area during its mechanical activation showed that the share attributable to the growth of the specific surface area is only a few percent of the mechanical activation effect. The other part is due to the accumulation of defects in the crystals during the grinding process. According to the law of conservation of energy, when a crystal splits, the potential energy of interaction between lattice nodes is transferred to uncompensated surface energy. In addition, the value of the specific surface energy depends on the type of flat lattice used to split the crystal. Therefore, the activation processes and the application of the substance in the active state are relevant in the development of modern binders and concretes. The purpose of the article is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods of influencing the system with the ultimate goal of destruction of the natural structure of the material to changing the energy state of the substance, i.e. its activation. Conclusions. During the destruction of solids, the formation of new cleavage surfaces is accompanied by the breaking of bonds between the substance structural elements and the transition of the potential bond energy into surface energy. Ceteris paribus, the higher the ionic charges and the smaller the distance between them (between adjacent flat grids in the lattice), the greater the value of σ. In addition, the value of the specific surface energy depends on the type of flat grids used to split the crystal. It is worth mentioning that not all methods of activation for binder and concrete (soluble) mixtures are currently implemented on an i industry level. This is due to various reasons. The main method of activation used on an industry level is mechanochemical activation in various types of mills.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.137.1052
M.M. Bilaiev, V.V. Kozachyna
Problem statement. Large accumulators of liquid waste (e.g., mine water ponds, tailing ponds, etc.) are long-term sources that change the hydrological regime. A negative consequence of this process is flooding of the territory. In addition, the infiltration of contaminated water from such hazardous sources changes the quality of groundwater. Therefore, it is important to analyze the impact of such anthropogenic sources on the process of flooding and deterioration of groundwater quality. To solve this problem, it is very important to use the method of mathematical modeling as an effective mean of researching problems of this class, since the use of physical modeling is practically impossible within the scope of problems of this class. The purpose of the article. Development of numerical models for predicting changes in the hydrological regime (flooding of the territory) and groundwater quality under the influence of anthropogenic pollution sources. Methodology. To assess the dynamics of changes in the hydrological regime, a two-dimensional equation of filtration of a non-pressure groundwater flow is used. A two-dimensional geomigration equation (planned model) is used to analyze changes in groundwater quality during infiltration of contaminated water from the settling pond. This equation takes into account the convective transfer of contaminants in the filtration flow, dispersion, and the intensity of contaminant infiltration into the groundwater flow. The method of total approximation is used for numerical integration of the filtration equation. For the numerical integration of the geomigration equation, an implicit splitting scheme is used. Scientific novelty. Effective numerical models for rapid assessment of changes in groundwater dynamics and quality under the influence of anthropogenic sources that change the hydrological regime are proposed. The constructed numerical models take into account a set of important physical factors that affect the process of geomigration and flooding of the territory, namely: filtration coefficient, variable depth of free-flowing groundwater, dispersion, intensity of the source of impurity emission into the groundwater flow. This makes it possible to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the process of flooding and groundwater pollution.. Practical significance. A computer code has been created that allows practical usage of the developed numerical models. This code is an effective tool for theoretical study of non-stationary processes of territory flooding and anthropogenic groundwater pollution. Conclusions. A numerical model for calculating groundwater dynamics has been developed. The model allows to predict the level of groundwater rise under the influence of a man-made source of wastewater infiltration from a settling pond. A numerical model for calculating the process of geomigration from an anthropogenic source of emissions has been developed. The model makes it possible to predict the dynamics of contamin
{"title":"MODELING OF GROUND WATER DYNAMICS AND ITS POLLUTION","authors":"M.M. Bilaiev, V.V. Kozachyna","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.137.1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.137.1052","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. Large accumulators of liquid waste (e.g., mine water ponds, tailing ponds, etc.) are long-term sources that change the hydrological regime. A negative consequence of this process is flooding of the territory. In addition, the infiltration of contaminated water from such hazardous sources changes the quality of groundwater. Therefore, it is important to analyze the impact of such anthropogenic sources on the process of flooding and deterioration of groundwater quality. To solve this problem, it is very important to use the method of mathematical modeling as an effective mean of researching problems of this class, since the use of physical modeling is practically impossible within the scope of problems of this class. The purpose of the article. Development of numerical models for predicting changes in the hydrological regime (flooding of the territory) and groundwater quality under the influence of anthropogenic pollution sources. Methodology. To assess the dynamics of changes in the hydrological regime, a two-dimensional equation of filtration of a non-pressure groundwater flow is used. A two-dimensional geomigration equation (planned model) is used to analyze changes in groundwater quality during infiltration of contaminated water from the settling pond. This equation takes into account the convective transfer of contaminants in the filtration flow, dispersion, and the intensity of contaminant infiltration into the groundwater flow. The method of total approximation is used for numerical integration of the filtration equation. For the numerical integration of the geomigration equation, an implicit splitting scheme is used. Scientific novelty. Effective numerical models for rapid assessment of changes in groundwater dynamics and quality under the influence of anthropogenic sources that change the hydrological regime are proposed. The constructed numerical models take into account a set of important physical factors that affect the process of geomigration and flooding of the territory, namely: filtration coefficient, variable depth of free-flowing groundwater, dispersion, intensity of the source of impurity emission into the groundwater flow. This makes it possible to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the process of flooding and groundwater pollution.. Practical significance. A computer code has been created that allows practical usage of the developed numerical models. This code is an effective tool for theoretical study of non-stationary processes of territory flooding and anthropogenic groundwater pollution. Conclusions. A numerical model for calculating groundwater dynamics has been developed. The model allows to predict the level of groundwater rise under the influence of a man-made source of wastewater infiltration from a settling pond. A numerical model for calculating the process of geomigration from an anthropogenic source of emissions has been developed. The model makes it possible to predict the dynamics of contamin","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"31 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.64.1044
H.Yа. Prokofieva, H. Bereziuk, V. Tkachova, L. Solod, O. Adehov
Problem statement. The application of modern autonomous heat supply systems is one of the directions of reducing the consumption of natural energy resources. There are many different autonomous systems of heat supply of objects. One of the variants of such systems is the system with tubе gas heaters. A tube gas heater consists of a gas burner, a radiating tube and a fan. One of the technical solutions for such heat supply systems is a tubular heater located inside the building structure. Increase of the efficiency of gas equipment can be achieved by operating this equipment in the condensation mode. Therefore, the operation of tubular gas heaters in building structures in the condensation mode is quite interesting in terms of increasing the efficiency of utilisation of the thermal potential of gaseous fuel and ensuring its saving. For research and practical design of autonomous heat supply systems with gas tube heaters in building structures with regard to the condensation mode of operation it is essential to develop a mathematical model for calculating the thermal and hydraulic modes of the system. The purpose of the article is to develop a mathematical model of an autonomous heat supply system with tubular gas heaters in building structures when operating in the condensation mode. Conclusion. The mathematical model of hydraulic and thermal modes of autonomous heat supply system with tubular gas heaters in building structures when operating in the condensation mode was developed. It is presented in the form of differential equations. The model is based on the equations of conservation of mass, motion and energy for the gas-air mixture inside the canal in two-phase flow, the equation of heat transfer inside the building structure, the equation of heat transfer from the external surface of the heater to the environment. The mathematical model of hydraulic and thermal modes of autonomous heat supply system with tubular gas heaters in building structures when operating in the condensation mode will be used to calculate and design such systems.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM WITH TUBULAR GAS HEATERS IN BUILDING STRUCTURES WHEN OPERATING IN THE CONDENSATION MODE","authors":"H.Yа. Prokofieva, H. Bereziuk, V. Tkachova, L. Solod, O. Adehov","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.64.1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.64.1044","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. The application of modern autonomous heat supply systems is one of the directions of reducing the consumption of natural energy resources. There are many different autonomous systems of heat supply of objects. One of the variants of such systems is the system with tubе gas heaters. A tube gas heater consists of a gas burner, a radiating tube and a fan. One of the technical solutions for such heat supply systems is a tubular heater located inside the building structure. Increase of the efficiency of gas equipment can be achieved by operating this equipment in the condensation mode. Therefore, the operation of tubular gas heaters in building structures in the condensation mode is quite interesting in terms of increasing the efficiency of utilisation of the thermal potential of gaseous fuel and ensuring its saving. For research and practical design of autonomous heat supply systems with gas tube heaters in building structures with regard to the condensation mode of operation it is essential to develop a mathematical model for calculating the thermal and hydraulic modes of the system. The purpose of the article is to develop a mathematical model of an autonomous heat supply system with tubular gas heaters in building structures when operating in the condensation mode. Conclusion. The mathematical model of hydraulic and thermal modes of autonomous heat supply system with tubular gas heaters in building structures when operating in the condensation mode was developed. It is presented in the form of differential equations. The model is based on the equations of conservation of mass, motion and energy for the gas-air mixture inside the canal in two-phase flow, the equation of heat transfer inside the building structure, the equation of heat transfer from the external surface of the heater to the environment. The mathematical model of hydraulic and thermal modes of autonomous heat supply system with tubular gas heaters in building structures when operating in the condensation mode will be used to calculate and design such systems.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.72.1045
K. Prokofieva, O. Reshetilova
For the effective development of any enterprise, organization or institution, a key aspect is the organization of work with documents, in particular with personnel documentation. Personnel documentation includes a variety of documents containing information about personnel, such as applications for acceptance, dismissal, transfer to another position, orders, autobiographies, characteristics, contracts and employment agreements recorded in labor books. The personnel department is responsible for the preparation and execution of these documents and is considered a mandatory and important structural unit of any organization. Personnel accounting is carried out at all enterprises and institutions that have the right to independently hire and fire employees, transfer them or reward them, as well as establish their own internal rules and working conditions. Documents related to personnel work are drawn up at almost every enterprise. The quality of documentation and its efficiency significantly affect how effectively work with these documents is conducted. The very process of working with personnel documentation is an essential component of personnel administration. The determining factor in the success of mutual relations and maintaining the balance of the interests of employees and employers is the development and introduction of the necessary organizational and legal document base, which will ensure the progress of the labor process in accordance with the norms of current legislation. Compliance with key measures of personnel work guarantees the management of labor resources in accordance with ethical norms also. This will ensure a civilized resolution of problems and conflicts that may arise between subjects of labor relations. After all, the burden on labor legislation and personnel management is significantly increasing and requires adaptation to new realities in modern conditions of martial law.
{"title":"CHANGES IN THE LEGAL FIELD OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN THE CURRENT CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE IN UKRAINE","authors":"K. Prokofieva, O. Reshetilova","doi":"10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.72.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.72.1045","url":null,"abstract":"For the effective development of any enterprise, organization or institution, a key aspect is the organization of work with documents, in particular with personnel documentation. Personnel documentation includes a variety of documents containing information about personnel, such as applications for acceptance, dismissal, transfer to another position, orders, autobiographies, characteristics, contracts and employment agreements recorded in labor books. The personnel department is responsible for the preparation and execution of these documents and is considered a mandatory and important structural unit of any organization. Personnel accounting is carried out at all enterprises and institutions that have the right to independently hire and fire employees, transfer them or reward them, as well as establish their own internal rules and working conditions. Documents related to personnel work are drawn up at almost every enterprise. The quality of documentation and its efficiency significantly affect how effectively work with these documents is conducted. The very process of working with personnel documentation is an essential component of personnel administration. The determining factor in the success of mutual relations and maintaining the balance of the interests of employees and employers is the development and introduction of the necessary organizational and legal document base, which will ensure the progress of the labor process in accordance with the norms of current legislation. Compliance with key measures of personnel work guarantees the management of labor resources in accordance with ethical norms also. This will ensure a civilized resolution of problems and conflicts that may arise between subjects of labor relations. After all, the burden on labor legislation and personnel management is significantly increasing and requires adaptation to new realities in modern conditions of martial law.","PeriodicalId":228894,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture","volume":"116 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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