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More lesson learning, less risk aversion in England and Wales? Prospects for the police (conduct) regulations 2020 英格兰和威尔士吸取更多教训,减少风险规避?2020年警察(行为)条例展望
Pub Date : 2022-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/0032258x221107586
R. Heaton, S. Tong
This article assesses police lesson learning in the context of complaints. First, it discusses their incidence and accounts of complainants’ and officers' perspectives. The genesis of ‘lesson learning’ and the provisions of the Police (Conduct) Regulations 2020 are summarised. Finally, it considers the extent to which the system is likely to replace ‘blame’ with ‘lesson learning’, taking account of psychological effects such as cognitive dissonance. The conclusions are drawn that whilst emphasis on lesson learning is welcome, its application requires an improvement-focussed approach requiring investment in training to reach its potential. The effect on police risk aversion will probably be modest.
本文评估在投诉的背景下警察的教训学习。首先,它讨论了这些事件的发生率以及投诉人和官员的观点。总结了“教训学习”的起源和《2020年警察(行为)条例》的规定。最后,考虑到认知失调等心理影响,它考虑了该系统可能在多大程度上用“教训学习”取代“指责”。得出的结论是,虽然强调教训学习是受欢迎的,但它的应用需要一种以改进为重点的方法,需要在培训方面进行投资,以发挥其潜力。对警方风险规避的影响可能不大。
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引用次数: 0
Developments in UK police wellbeing: A review of blue light wellbeing frameworks 英国警察福利的发展:蓝光福利框架的回顾
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0032258X211073003
Rebecca Phythian, Nathan Birdsall, S. Kirby, Emily Cooper, Zoe Posner, L. Boulton
Policing demands are widely acknowledged to negatively impact on the physical and mental health of police officers and staff. Research has documented the need for greater insight into the stressors and trauma that impact police officers, with a current national drive towards enhancing the police wellbeing agenda: namely, Oscar Kilo and the National Wellbeing Service. To understand the current wellbeing strategies in place, 34 Blue Light Wellbeing Frameworks were analysed. A mixed methods approach was adopted: quantitative data was descriptively examined, with thematic analyses employed to explore the qualitative data. Findings from the review highlight developments in police wellbeing, as well as areas for future development.
人们普遍认为,警务需求对警察和工作人员的身心健康产生负面影响。研究表明,有必要更深入地了解影响警察的压力源和创伤,目前国家正在努力加强警察福利议程:即奥斯卡·基洛和国家福利服务。为了了解当前的健康战略,我们分析了34个蓝光健康框架。采用混合方法:定量数据进行描述性检验,专题分析用于探索定性数据。审查的结果突出了警察福利的发展,以及未来发展的领域。
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引用次数: 1
Special Issue – Editorial 特辑-社论
Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/0032258x221083431
I. Hesketh
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of organisational role and environmental factors on moral injury and trauma amongst police investigators in Internet Child Abuse Teams 组织角色及环境因素对网络虐待儿童小组警务人员道德伤害及创伤的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/0032258X211043331
Mark Doyle, Kit Tapson, Vasileios Karagiannopoulos, Peter Lee
Little is known about how the effects of moral injury and trauma manifest amongst police Internet Child Abuse Teams. This article reports on the impacts of organisational role and environmental factors on moral injury and trauma amongst this population. Six participants were recruited from two police constabularies in the United Kingdom. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings indicated that the participants’ moral injury and trauma were predominantly attributable to excessive workloads and stigma in relation to mental health within policing. Generic psychological interventions were insufficiently responsive to the complex needs of the police investigators.
关于道德伤害和创伤如何在警察网络虐待儿童小组中表现出来的影响,人们知之甚少。本文报告了组织角色和环境因素对这一人群的道德伤害和创伤的影响。六名参与者是从联合王国的两个警察部门招募的。数据分析采用解释性现象学分析。调查结果表明,参与者的道德伤害和创伤主要归因于警务工作中与心理健康有关的过度工作量和耻辱。一般的心理干预不足以满足警察调查人员的复杂需要。
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引用次数: 2
‘Swinging the lead and working the head’ – An explanation as to why mental illness stigma is prevalent in policing “摇着头干活”——解释为什么精神疾病的污名在警察中普遍存在
Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/0032258X211049009
S. Bell, Sue Palmer-Conn, Nick Kealey
Policing can be injurious to the mental health of those delivering the service. The causes can be operational, organisational or a mixture of both. Mental health related stigma is prevalent within policing; thus, help seeking is avoided. Those who do seek help are often thought to be malingerers. Managers are considered to be ill equipped to identify and support those at risk. The processes and policies that are meant to support recovery do not meet the needs of the officers and staff living and working with mental ill health. Consequently, disclosing a mental health issue is seen as career destroying.
警务工作可能对提供服务的人的心理健康有害。原因可以是操作上的、组织上的,也可以是两者的混合。与心理健康有关的耻辱在警务工作中普遍存在;因此,求助是避免的。那些寻求帮助的人通常被认为是装病。管理人员被认为没有能力识别和支持那些处于危险中的人。旨在支持康复的程序和政策不能满足生活和工作中患有精神疾病的干事和工作人员的需要。因此,透露自己的心理健康问题被视为毁掉职业生涯。
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引用次数: 3
Organisational and individual perspectives of police wellbeing in England and Wales 英格兰和威尔士警察福利的组织和个人观点
Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/0032258X211052250
Rebecca Phythian, Nathan Birdsall, S. Kirby, Emily Cooper, Zoe Posner, L. Boulton
Individual and organisational factors have been identified as influencing personal wellbeing, with an emphasis placed on the organisation and management to support their staff. Whilst various policies, interventions and campaigns are in place at national and local level, it is unclear how well individual and organisational perspectives of wellbeing are aligned. This study seeks to address this through the analysis of secondary data provided by Oscar Kilo in 2018: Blue Light Wellbeing Frameworks (organisational perspective) and Human Resources policy review survey data (individual perspective). Whilst findings indicate positive steps to enhancing police wellbeing, a disconnect between the organisation and employees was apparent.
个人和组织因素已被确定为影响个人福祉,重点放在组织和管理,以支持其员工。虽然在国家和地方层面上有各种政策、干预措施和运动,但目前尚不清楚个人和组织对幸福的看法是否一致。本研究试图通过对Oscar Kilo在2018年提供的二手数据的分析来解决这个问题:蓝光福利框架(组织视角)和人力资源政策审查调查数据(个人视角)。虽然调查结果表明了提高警察福利的积极措施,但组织与员工之间的脱节很明显。
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引用次数: 3
Exploration of individual and work-related impacts on police officers and police staff working in support or front-line roles during the UK’s first COVID lockdown 探索在英国首次COVID封锁期间,对从事支持或一线工作的警察和警察人员的个人和工作相关影响
Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/0032258X211052891
Jennifer Brown, J. Fleming
An online survey (N = 2063) of women working either as police officers or non-sworn/warranted police staff addressed personal well-being and work-related factors during the first COVID lockdown in the United Kingdom from March to August 2020. Overall, 59% of all respondents reported being more stressed during the lockdown than they had been previously. A key factor in stress levels was the respondents’ organisational support measured by a computed index of trust, communication, and support (TCS). Those respondents having a positive orientation towards TCS were less stressed than those whose orientation was more negative. Findings differentiated the experience of respondents typed as front-line police officers, front-line police staff, police officers serving in support functions and police staff in support functions. Innovative COVID-19 working arrangements are highlighted as beneficial new practices worth retaining.
一项在线调查(N = 2063)调查了在2020年3月至8月英国首次COVID封锁期间,作为警察或非宣誓/授权警察工作的女性的个人福祉和与工作有关的因素。总体而言,59%的受访者表示,在封锁期间,他们的压力比以前更大。压力水平的一个关键因素是受访者的组织支持,通过计算的信任、沟通和支持指数(TCS)来衡量。对TCS有积极倾向的被调查者比消极倾向的被调查者压力更小。调查结果将受访者的经历分为前线警务人员、前线警务人员、担任支援职务的警务人员和担任支援职务的警务人员。强调创新的工作安排是值得保留的有益新做法。
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引用次数: 5
Further evidence on the extent and time course of repeat missing incidents involving children: A research note 关于涉及儿童的重复失踪事件的范围和时间进程的进一步证据:一份研究说明
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/0032258X211052900
Clara Galiano López, Jane Hunter, Toby P Davies, A. Sidebottom
This study examines the extent and time course of repeat missing incidents involving children. Using data from one UK police force (n = 2,251), we find (1) that the majority (65%) of missing incidents are repeats, (2) that a small group of repeatedly missing children (n = 43; 6%) account for a sizable proportion of all missing incidents (n=739, 33%) and (3) that the likelihood of a child going missing repeatedly is elevated in the weeks immediately following a previous missing incident. The implications of our findings for future research and for the prevention of missing incidents are discussed.
本研究考察了涉及儿童的重复失踪事件的程度和时间过程。使用来自一个英国警察部队(n = 2251)的数据,我们发现(1)大多数(65%)失踪事件是重复的,(2)一小群反复失踪的儿童(n = 43;(6%)占所有失踪事件的相当大比例(n= 739,33 %)和(3)在前一次失踪事件发生后的几周内,儿童反复失踪的可能性增加。讨论了我们的研究结果对未来研究和预防失踪事件的影响。
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引用次数: 1
A price paid? A review of the research on the impact of investigating serious crime on the wellbeing of police staff 付出了什么代价?调查严重罪行对警务人员福利影响的研究综述
Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/0032258X211049335
Ashley Cartwright, J. Roach
Research pertaining to the wellbeing of police focuses on the job at a macro level, neglecting that policing is an occupation made up of thousands of roles. The needs of staff in various roles differs according to the situations that they are exposed to. This paper provides a review of the literature pertaining to the impact of criminal investigation on employees’ wellbeing. Three discernible categories regarding the wellbeing of criminal investigators are revealed and the paper demonstrates that criminal investigation has a negative effect on the wellbeing of staff. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, training and support.
有关警察福利的研究侧重于宏观层面的工作,而忽视了警察是一个由数千个角色组成的职业。不同角色的工作人员的需求根据他们所处的环境而不同。本文提供了有关刑事调查对员工福利影响的文献综述。三个可辨别的类别关于刑事调查人员的福利被揭示,论文表明,刑事调查对工作人员的福利有负面影响。论文最后对未来的研究、培训和支持提出了建议。
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引用次数: 3
Lost in transition: The effects of transitioning between firearms and electronic control devices (ECDs) on perception-response times (PRTs) 在过渡中迷失:枪械和电子控制装置(ECDs)之间的过渡对感知-反应时间(prt)的影响
Pub Date : 2021-09-26 DOI: 10.1177/0032258X211044135
Paul L. Taylor, P. Sipe, Lon Bartel
The research described in this article tested the perception-response times for experienced police officers to transition from a firearm to a TASER and from a TASER to a firearm. The theoretical models and police training on use of force have largely ignored the temporal space between force modalities. Escalating through force modalities has by default been treated as equivalent, in task and timing, to deescalating through force modalities. This study employed a randomized controlled experiment using a police firearms training simulator and 139 active law enforcement officers. The average perception-response time for transition from a TASER to a firearm was 2.49 seconds for experienced police officers in response to an anticipated visual stimulus in a laboratory setting. The average perception-response time for transition from a firearm to a TASER was 4.7 seconds for experienced police officers in a response to an anticipated visual stimulus in a laboratory setting. 70% of the officers that participated in the study had never participated in department training that required them to transition between a firearm and a TASER. The findings demonstrate that moving from TASER to firearm and from firearm to TASER are not equivalent tasks. In the case of firearms and TASERs, it is significantly faster to move up the force continuum—from TASER to firearm—than it is to move down the force continuum. This research has implications for police training, tactics, policy, research, and post hoc investigations involving the use or potential use of force.
本文描述的研究测试了经验丰富的警察从枪支过渡到泰瑟枪和从泰瑟枪过渡到枪支的感知反应时间。关于武力使用的理论模型和警察训练在很大程度上忽略了武力方式之间的时间空间。默认情况下,在任务和时间上,通过武力方式升级等同于通过武力方式降级。本研究采用警察枪械训练模拟器和139名在职执法人员的随机对照实验。在实验室环境中,经验丰富的警察在对预期的视觉刺激作出反应时,从泰瑟枪过渡到枪支的平均感知反应时间为2.49秒。在实验室环境中,经验丰富的警察在对预期的视觉刺激作出反应时,从枪支过渡到泰瑟枪的平均感知反应时间为4.7秒。参与这项研究的警官中有70%从未参加过要求他们在枪支和泰瑟枪之间转换的部门培训。研究结果表明,从泰瑟枪到枪支和从枪支到泰瑟枪并不是等同的任务。在枪支和泰瑟枪的例子中,向上移动力连续线——从泰瑟枪到武器——比向下移动力连续线要快很多。这项研究对涉及使用或潜在使用武力的警察训练、战术、政策、研究和事后调查具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 1
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The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles
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