Pub Date : 2024-06-21eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2024/8873387
Mario J Valladares-Garrido, Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Annel B Rojas-Alvarado, Cinthia Karina Picón-Reátegui, Franccesca Dawson Aguila, Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Neal M Davies, Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas, César Johan Pereira-Victorio, Danai Valladares Garrido, Víctor J Vera-Ponce, Jaime A Yáñez
There is evidence that vaccine acceptability is strongly associated with mental health. However, no studies assessing intention to vaccinate (ITV) intention toward children of military parents have been documented. The current research aimed to establish the prevalence and factors of ITV children against COVID-19 in military parents in Lambayeque-Peru, 2021. Analysis was conducted with the dependent variable ITV children reported by military parents. The independent variables were history of mental health, searching for mental health support, food insecurity, resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, posttraumatic stress, and suicidal risk. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Of 201 military personnel evaluated, 92.5% were male, 82.5% were of the Catholic faith, and the median age was 40.9% of respondents reported seeking mental health help during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was reported anxiety (20.3%), depression (6.5%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (6.5%). Most reported ITV in children against COVID-19 (93%). In the multiple models, we found that Catholics had a 23% higher prevalence of ITV in the children where PR = prevalence ratios and CI = confidence intervals (PR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01-1.50). Likewise, seeking mental health support increased the prevalence of ITV by 8% (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00-1.15). Seeking mental health support and belonging to the Catholic faith had a higher ITV of children of Peruvian military personnel. Finding mental health support, experiencing burnout syndrome, having a relative who suffers from mental health problems, and being part of the Catholic religion were associated with a higher willingness to immunize the children of Peruvian military members.
{"title":"Mental Health and Other Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Intention toward Children of Military Parents in Lambayeque, Peru.","authors":"Mario J Valladares-Garrido, Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Annel B Rojas-Alvarado, Cinthia Karina Picón-Reátegui, Franccesca Dawson Aguila, Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Neal M Davies, Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas, César Johan Pereira-Victorio, Danai Valladares Garrido, Víctor J Vera-Ponce, Jaime A Yáñez","doi":"10.1155/2024/8873387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8873387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is evidence that vaccine acceptability is strongly associated with mental health. However, no studies assessing intention to vaccinate (ITV) intention toward children of military parents have been documented. The current research aimed to establish the prevalence and factors of ITV children against COVID-19 in military parents in Lambayeque-Peru, 2021. Analysis was conducted with the dependent variable ITV children reported by military parents. The independent variables were history of mental health, searching for mental health support, food insecurity, resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, posttraumatic stress, and suicidal risk. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Of 201 military personnel evaluated, 92.5% were male, 82.5% were of the Catholic faith, and the median age was 40.9% of respondents reported seeking mental health help during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was reported anxiety (20.3%), depression (6.5%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (6.5%). Most reported ITV in children against COVID-19 (93%). In the multiple models, we found that Catholics had a 23% higher prevalence of ITV in the children where PR = prevalence ratios and CI = confidence intervals (PR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01-1.50). Likewise, seeking mental health support increased the prevalence of ITV by 8% (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00-1.15). Seeking mental health support and belonging to the Catholic faith had a higher ITV of children of Peruvian military personnel. Finding mental health support, experiencing burnout syndrome, having a relative who suffers from mental health problems, and being part of the Catholic religion were associated with a higher willingness to immunize the children of Peruvian military members.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8873387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11390202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2024/5422121
Sujin Butdisuwan, Lovely M Annamma, A Subaveerapandiyan, Biji Thomas George, Sanjay Kataria
Objective: This study explores the impact of infographics on the professional dissemination of medical research. Recognising the burgeoning volume of data in the medical domain, this research aims to bridge the gap by investigating the efficacy of infographics in rendering complex medical concepts understandable to diverse audiences, including policymakers, patients, and the public.
Design: The study uses a cross-sectional survey to assess medical professionals' familiarity with infographic design and data visualisation principles. Setting. The research targets medical professionals with published articles across various subfields, including Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology, Pharmacology, Healthcare Management, Medical Imaging, and Public Health.
Method: Data collection involves an online survey distributed to potential participants through professional networks and research institutions. The survey encompasses Likert-scale questions and demographic variables. Ethical considerations include obtaining approval from the institutional review board, ensuring participant consent, and maintaining data anonymity and confidentiality.
Results: Demographic analysis reveals a diverse participant profile, with 58.7% male and 41.3% female respondents, spanning various age groups, professional experiences, and geographic locations. Assessing familiarity with infographic design and data visualisation principles demonstrates respondents' proficiency in certain areas while highlighting potential areas for improvement.
Conclusion: The study underscores the multifaceted benefits of infographics in research dissemination, as medical professionals perceive. Infographics can effectively convey various kinds of medical research information across diverse platforms and channels.
{"title":"Visualising Medical Research: Exploring the Influence of Infographics on Professional Dissemination.","authors":"Sujin Butdisuwan, Lovely M Annamma, A Subaveerapandiyan, Biji Thomas George, Sanjay Kataria","doi":"10.1155/2024/5422121","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5422121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explores the impact of infographics on the professional dissemination of medical research. Recognising the burgeoning volume of data in the medical domain, this research aims to bridge the gap by investigating the efficacy of infographics in rendering complex medical concepts understandable to diverse audiences, including policymakers, patients, and the public.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The study uses a cross-sectional survey to assess medical professionals' familiarity with infographic design and data visualisation principles. <i>Setting</i>. The research targets medical professionals with published articles across various subfields, including Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology, Pharmacology, Healthcare Management, Medical Imaging, and Public Health.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data collection involves an online survey distributed to potential participants through professional networks and research institutions. The survey encompasses Likert-scale questions and demographic variables. Ethical considerations include obtaining approval from the institutional review board, ensuring participant consent, and maintaining data anonymity and confidentiality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demographic analysis reveals a diverse participant profile, with 58.7% male and 41.3% female respondents, spanning various age groups, professional experiences, and geographic locations. Assessing familiarity with infographic design and data visualisation principles demonstrates respondents' proficiency in certain areas while highlighting potential areas for improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study underscores the multifaceted benefits of infographics in research dissemination, as medical professionals perceive. Infographics can effectively convey various kinds of medical research information across diverse platforms and channels.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5422121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2024/5461358
Desmond Asamoah Bruce Otu, Frederick William Akuffo Owusu, Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi, Raphael Johnson, Prince George Jnr Acquah, Yayra Edzor-Agbo, Marcel Tunkumgnen Bayor, Mary-Ann Archer
Pharmaceutical formulations have traditionally relied on plants and their derivatives for various APIs and excipients. In Ghana, the widespread utilization of plantains, irrespective of their ripeness, generates significant waste at every stage of processing, posing disposal issues. Fascinatingly, these wastes, often discarded, possess significant economic potential and can be recycled into valuable raw materials or products. Pectin, a polysaccharide that occurs naturally, has seen a surge in interest in recent times. It has found widespread use in the pharmaceutical sector, particularly as a binding agent in tablet formulations. This study aimed to evaluate pectin from two popular plantain varieties, Apem (M) and Apantu (T) at different ripening stages, for pharmaceutical use as a binding agent in immediate-release tablets. The ripening stages selected were the matured-green (G), half-ripe (H), and full-ripe (R). Acid (D) and alkaline (L) mediums of extraction were employed for each ripening stage for both varieties. Wet granulation method was used to prepare the granules using paracetamol as a model drug, and their flow properties were subsequently assessed. Postcompression tests including, hardness, friability, weight uniformity, disintegration, assay, and in vitro dissolution were also assessed. Granules from all formulation batches had good flow properties indicated by their angle of repose (14.93 ± 1.41-21.80 ± 1.41), Hausner ratio (0.96 ± 0.27-1.22 ± 0.02), and compressibility (%) (7.69 ± 0.002-20.51 ± 0.002). All the tablets passed the uniformity of weight with none deviating by ±5%. The hardness of all the formulated tablets ranged between 3.96 ± 0.32 and 13.21 ± 0.36, while the friability for all tablets was below 1%. The drug content was between 100.1 ± 0.23% and 103.4 ± 0.01%. Tablets formulated with pectin as a binding agent at concentrations of 10% w/v and 15% w/v successfully met the disintegration test criteria for immediate release tablets. However, those prepared with a concentration of 20% w/v (MGL, MHD, MHL, MRD, MRL, TGL, THD, THL, and TRL) did not pass the disintegration test. Consequently, all batches of tablets successfully met the dissolution test requirement (Diss, Q > 75%), except for the batches that did not pass the disintegration test (Diss, Q < 75%). Ultimately, pectins extracted from the peels of Apem and Apantu at different ripening stages using acid and alkaline extraction can be commercially exploited as pharmaceutical binders at varying concentrations in immediate-release tablets.
{"title":"Biogenic Waste from Two Varieties of Plantain in Ghana Contain Pectin with Potential Binding Properties in Conventional Tablets.","authors":"Desmond Asamoah Bruce Otu, Frederick William Akuffo Owusu, Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi, Raphael Johnson, Prince George Jnr Acquah, Yayra Edzor-Agbo, Marcel Tunkumgnen Bayor, Mary-Ann Archer","doi":"10.1155/2024/5461358","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5461358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmaceutical formulations have traditionally relied on plants and their derivatives for various APIs and excipients. In Ghana, the widespread utilization of plantains, irrespective of their ripeness, generates significant waste at every stage of processing, posing disposal issues. Fascinatingly, these wastes, often discarded, possess significant economic potential and can be recycled into valuable raw materials or products. Pectin, a polysaccharide that occurs naturally, has seen a surge in interest in recent times. It has found widespread use in the pharmaceutical sector, particularly as a binding agent in tablet formulations. This study aimed to evaluate pectin from two popular plantain varieties, Apem (M) and Apantu (T) at different ripening stages, for pharmaceutical use as a binding agent in immediate-release tablets. The ripening stages selected were the matured-green (G), half-ripe (H), and full-ripe (R). Acid (D) and alkaline (L) mediums of extraction were employed for each ripening stage for both varieties. Wet granulation method was used to prepare the granules using paracetamol as a model drug, and their flow properties were subsequently assessed. Postcompression tests including, hardness, friability, weight uniformity, disintegration, assay, and in vitro dissolution were also assessed. Granules from all formulation batches had good flow properties indicated by their angle of repose (14.93 ± 1.41-21.80 ± 1.41), Hausner ratio (0.96 ± 0.27-1.22 ± 0.02), and compressibility (%) (7.69 ± 0.002-20.51 ± 0.002). All the tablets passed the uniformity of weight with none deviating by ±5%. The hardness of all the formulated tablets ranged between 3.96 ± 0.32 and 13.21 ± 0.36, while the friability for all tablets was below 1%. The drug content was between 100.1 ± 0.23% and 103.4 ± 0.01%. Tablets formulated with pectin as a binding agent at concentrations of 10% w/v and 15% w/v successfully met the disintegration test criteria for immediate release tablets. However, those prepared with a concentration of 20% w/v (MGL, MHD, MHL, MRD, MRL, TGL, THD, THL, and TRL) did not pass the disintegration test. Consequently, all batches of tablets successfully met the dissolution test requirement (Diss, <i>Q</i> > 75%), except for the batches that did not pass the disintegration test (Diss, <i>Q</i> < 75%). Ultimately, pectins extracted from the peels of Apem and Apantu at different ripening stages using acid and alkaline extraction can be commercially exploited as pharmaceutical binders at varying concentrations in immediate-release tablets.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5461358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2024/1977684
Michael Fleischmann, Brett Vaughan, Kylie Fitzgerald
Introduction: Exercise is beneficial for improving general health, wellbeing, and specific medical conditions. In musculoskeletal conditions such as chronic low back and neck pain, prescribed exercise has been found to be moderately effective in decreasing pain and improving function. Osteopaths are primary contact health professionals who manage predominantly musculoskeletal complaints. This work presents a secondary data analysis of the Australian osteopathy practice-based research network and profiles the characteristics of osteopaths who often use exercise prescription in patient care. Methodology. Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 992 osteopaths was registered with the Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network, an Australian practice-based research network. Demographics, practice, and treatment characteristics of Australian osteopaths who "often" use exercise prescription in patient care were examined.
Results: Seven-hundred and thirty-three Australian osteopaths (74%) indicated that they use exercise prescription "often" in patient care. Australian osteopaths who often use exercise prescription are more likely to be colocated with another osteopath (ORa 1.54) and send referrals to an exercise physiologist (ORa 1.94) and a specialist medical practitioner (ORa 1.72). Those osteopaths who often used exercise prescription were also more likely to discuss physical activity (ORa 5.61) and nutrition (ORa 1.90). Australian osteopaths who use exercise prescription often were more likely to treat patients with sports injuries (ORa 2.43) and use soft tissue techniques (ORa 1.92), trigger point techniques (ORa 2.72), and sports taping (ORa 1.78).
Conclusion: Osteopaths who utilise exercise prescription were more likely to discuss physical activity, diet, and nutrition and utilise referral networks with specialist medical practitioners and exercise physiologists. Australian osteopaths who often use exercise prescriptions were also more likely to treat patients with sport injury. The results suggest that most Australian osteopaths use exercise prescription and have referral networks with other health professionals for patient management. Further work is required to explore the type of exercise prescription used and for what conditions.
{"title":"The Use of Exercise Prescription in Australian Osteopathy Practice: Secondary Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample of the Profession.","authors":"Michael Fleischmann, Brett Vaughan, Kylie Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1155/2024/1977684","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1977684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exercise is beneficial for improving general health, wellbeing, and specific medical conditions. In musculoskeletal conditions such as chronic low back and neck pain, prescribed exercise has been found to be moderately effective in decreasing pain and improving function. Osteopaths are primary contact health professionals who manage predominantly musculoskeletal complaints. This work presents a secondary data analysis of the Australian osteopathy practice-based research network and profiles the characteristics of osteopaths who often use exercise prescription in patient care. <i>Methodology</i>. Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 992 osteopaths was registered with the Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network, an Australian practice-based research network. Demographics, practice, and treatment characteristics of Australian osteopaths who \"often\" use exercise prescription in patient care were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven-hundred and thirty-three Australian osteopaths (74%) indicated that they use exercise prescription \"often\" in patient care. Australian osteopaths who often use exercise prescription are more likely to be colocated with another osteopath (ORa 1.54) and send referrals to an exercise physiologist (ORa 1.94) and a specialist medical practitioner (ORa 1.72). Those osteopaths who often used exercise prescription were also more likely to discuss physical activity (ORa 5.61) and nutrition (ORa 1.90). Australian osteopaths who use exercise prescription often were more likely to treat patients with sports injuries (ORa 2.43) and use soft tissue techniques (ORa 1.92), trigger point techniques (ORa 2.72), and sports taping (ORa 1.78).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Osteopaths who utilise exercise prescription were more likely to discuss physical activity, diet, and nutrition and utilise referral networks with specialist medical practitioners and exercise physiologists. Australian osteopaths who often use exercise prescriptions were also more likely to treat patients with sport injury. The results suggest that most Australian osteopaths use exercise prescription and have referral networks with other health professionals for patient management. Further work is required to explore the type of exercise prescription used and for what conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1977684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11192601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethnomedicinally, more than 2000 plants were found to be used in Nepal. Among them, the red colored rhizome of Angiopteris helferiana and the bark of Saurauia fasciculata have been used widely to treat muscle fatigue, bone pain, fever, postpartum hemorrhage, and thirst by healers in Kaski and Tanahun districts, Nepal. However, scientific evidence towards their traditional uses is lacking till December, 2023. Therefore, we report the phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total carbohydrate content (TCC), antioxidant and antibacterial activities of A. helferiana and S. fasciculata extracts. Phytochemical analysis indicated that A. helferiana and S. fasciculata extracts were potential sources of chemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and carbohydrates. The TPC, TFC, and TCC of extracts were determined by using an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. Among the extracts tested, A. helferiana extracts showed the highest phenolic and carbohydrate contents of 208.33 ± 12.96 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g and 564.16 ± 2.92 mg of D-glucose equivalent/g of dry extract, respectively. Similarly, S. fasciculata revealed the highest flavonoid content of 30.35 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dry extract. The extract of A. helferiana and S. fasciculata exhibited potent antioxidant activity by scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals with an IC50 of 25.9 µg/ml and 31.07 µg/ml, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the A. helferiana and S. fasciculata extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was determined using an agar-well diffusion protocol that revealed the potential antibacterial activity of A. helferiana against E. coli. The present study will help validate the traditional uses of A. helferiana rhizomes and S. fasciculata barks as a healing medicine and inspire the researcher towards further research, development, and formulation.
在民族医药方面,尼泊尔发现了 2000 多种常用植物。其中,Angiopteris helferiana 的红色根茎和 Saurauia fasciculata 的树皮被尼泊尔卡斯基县和塔纳洪县的医者广泛用于治疗肌肉疲劳、骨痛、发烧、产后出血和口渴。然而,直到 2023 年 12 月,有关其传统用途的科学证据仍然缺乏。因此,我们报告了 A. helferiana 和 S. fasciculata 提取物的植物化学成分、总酚含量(TPC)、总黄酮含量(TFC)、总碳水化合物含量(TCC)、抗氧化和抗菌活性。植物化学分析表明,A. helferiana 和 S. fasciculata 提取物是酚类、黄酮类、单宁、萜类、皂苷和碳水化合物等化学物质的潜在来源。使用紫外可见分光光度计测定了提取物的 TPC、TFC 和 TCC。在测试的提取物中,A. helferiana 提取物的酚和碳水化合物含量最高,分别为 208.33 ± 12.96 毫克没食子酸当量/克和 564.16 ± 2.92 毫克 D-葡萄糖当量/克干提取物。同样,S. fasciculata 的黄酮类化合物含量最高,为 30.35 ± 0.1 毫克槲皮素当量/克干提取物。A. helferiana 和 S. fasciculata 的提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性,能清除 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼自由基,IC50 分别为 25.9 µg/ml 和 31.07 µg/ml。使用琼脂-孔扩散方案测定了 A. helferiana 和 S. fasciculata 提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性,结果显示 A. helferiana 对大肠杆菌具有潜在的抗菌活性。本研究将有助于验证 A. helferiana 根茎和 S. fasciculata 树皮作为治疗药物的传统用途,并激励研究人员进一步研究、开发和配制药物。
{"title":"Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities Evaluation, Phytochemical Characterisation of Rhizome from <i>Angiopteris helferiana</i> and Barks from <i>Saurauia fasciculata</i> in Nepal.","authors":"Ram Kishor Yadav, Akriti Dhakal, Kalpana Timilsina, Priyanka Shrestha, Sandesh Poudel, Sindhu Kc, Prabhat Kumar Jha, Rekha Bhandari, Khem Raj Joshi","doi":"10.1155/2024/1119165","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1119165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethnomedicinally, more than 2000 plants were found to be used in Nepal. Among them, the red colored rhizome of <i>Angiopteris helferiana</i> and the bark of <i>Saurauia fasciculata</i> have been used widely to treat muscle fatigue, bone pain, fever, postpartum hemorrhage, and thirst by healers in Kaski and Tanahun districts, Nepal. However, scientific evidence towards their traditional uses is lacking till December, 2023. Therefore, we report the phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total carbohydrate content (TCC), antioxidant and antibacterial activities of <i>A. helferiana</i> and <i>S. fasciculata</i> extracts. Phytochemical analysis indicated that <i>A. helferiana</i> and <i>S. fasciculata</i> extracts were potential sources of chemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and carbohydrates. The TPC, TFC, and TCC of extracts were determined by using an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. Among the extracts tested, <i>A. helferiana</i> extracts showed the highest phenolic and carbohydrate contents of 208.33 ± 12.96 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g and 564.16 ± 2.92 mg of D-glucose equivalent/g of dry extract, respectively. Similarly, <i>S. fasciculata</i> revealed the highest flavonoid content of 30.35 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dry extract. The extract of <i>A. helferiana</i> and <i>S. fasciculata</i> exhibited potent antioxidant activity by scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 25.9 <i>µ</i>g/ml and 31.07 <i>µ</i>g/ml, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the <i>A. helferiana</i> and <i>S. fasciculata</i> extract against <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> was determined using an agar-well diffusion protocol that revealed the potential antibacterial activity of <i>A. helferiana</i> against <i>E. coli</i>. The present study will help validate the traditional uses of <i>A. helferiana</i> rhizomes and <i>S. fasciculata</i> barks as a healing medicine and inspire the researcher towards further research, development, and formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1119165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2024/7446251
Themistoklis Vampertzis, Christina Barmpagianni, Chryssa Bekiari, Georgia D Brellou, Ioannis A Zervos, Eleftherios Tsiridis, Nikiforos Galanis
This paper explores the role of botulinum neurotoxin in aiding fracture recovery through temporary muscle paralysis. Specifically, it investigates the effects of botulinum neurotoxin-induced paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on clavicle fractures in rats. The research aims to assess safety, effectiveness, and the impact on fracture healing. Healthy male Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: clavicle fracture, botulinum neurotoxin injection, both, and control. Surgeries were conducted under anaesthesia, and postoperatively, animals were monitored for 28 days. Euthanasia and radiological assessment followed, examining fracture healing and muscle changes, while tissues were histopathologically evaluated. The modified Lane-Sandhu scoring system was used for the radiographic evaluation of clavicle fractures, and the results varied from complete healing to nonunion. Histopathological examination at 28 days postfracture showed fibrous tissue, mesenchymal cells, and primary callus formation in all groups. Despite varied callus compositions, botulinum neurotoxin administration did not affect clavicle healing, as evidenced by similar scores to the control group. Several studies have explored botulinum neurotoxin applications in fracture recovery. Research suggests its potential to enhance functional recovery in certain types of fractures. Theoretical benefits include managing muscle spasticity, aiding reduction techniques, and preventing nonunion. However, botulinum neurotoxin's transient effect and nonuniversal applications should be considered. The present study found that botulinum toxin had no clear superiority in healing compared to controls, while histological evaluation showed potential adverse effects on muscle tissue. Further research is essential to understand its risk-benefit balance and long-term effects.
{"title":"The Role of Botulinum Neurotoxin A in the Conservative Treatment of Fractures: An Experimental Study on Rats.","authors":"Themistoklis Vampertzis, Christina Barmpagianni, Chryssa Bekiari, Georgia D Brellou, Ioannis A Zervos, Eleftherios Tsiridis, Nikiforos Galanis","doi":"10.1155/2024/7446251","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7446251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explores the role of botulinum neurotoxin in aiding fracture recovery through temporary muscle paralysis. Specifically, it investigates the effects of botulinum neurotoxin-induced paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on clavicle fractures in rats. The research aims to assess safety, effectiveness, and the impact on fracture healing. Healthy male Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: clavicle fracture, botulinum neurotoxin injection, both, and control. Surgeries were conducted under anaesthesia, and postoperatively, animals were monitored for 28 days. Euthanasia and radiological assessment followed, examining fracture healing and muscle changes, while tissues were histopathologically evaluated. The modified Lane-Sandhu scoring system was used for the radiographic evaluation of clavicle fractures, and the results varied from complete healing to nonunion. Histopathological examination at 28 days postfracture showed fibrous tissue, mesenchymal cells, and primary callus formation in all groups. Despite varied callus compositions, botulinum neurotoxin administration did not affect clavicle healing, as evidenced by similar scores to the control group. Several studies have explored botulinum neurotoxin applications in fracture recovery. Research suggests its potential to enhance functional recovery in certain types of fractures. Theoretical benefits include managing muscle spasticity, aiding reduction techniques, and preventing nonunion. However, botulinum neurotoxin's transient effect and nonuniversal applications should be considered. The present study found that botulinum toxin had no clear superiority in healing compared to controls, while histological evaluation showed potential adverse effects on muscle tissue. Further research is essential to understand its risk-benefit balance and long-term effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7446251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2024/9977603
Cesar A Gómez S
This work investigates the following generalization of the Fokas-Lenells equation. ıqt+A(t)qxx+B(t)qxt+C(t)|q|2q+ıD(t)|q|2qx=ı[H(t)qx+F(t)(|q|2q)x+G(t)(|q|2)xq] which is a Schrdinger-type equation with applications in theory of communications. Here, the coefficients are variables and depend on the temporal variable t. The improved tanh-coth method is used to obtain exact solutions for it in a general form. If the coefficients turn constants, the equation is known as the standard Fokas-Lenells equation (FLE) which has several applications in nonlinear science. As a particular case, novel soliton solutions, chirped solutions, and the respective chirps associated with them are derived for (FLE). Also, the work explores the behaviour of the solutions when the coefficients change in time, obtaining novel structures of the solutions which help understand in a better way the phenomenon described by the (FLE). We show the graphs of some of the solutions with the aim to compare the two cases, variable and constant coefficients. Finally, some conclusions are given.
{"title":"Solutions for a Generalized Type of the Fokas-Lenells Equation.","authors":"Cesar A Gómez S","doi":"10.1155/2024/9977603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9977603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work investigates the following generalization of the Fokas-Lenells equation. <i>ıq</i><sub><i>t</i></sub>+<i>A</i>(<i>t</i>)<i>q</i><sub><i>xx</i></sub>+<i>B</i>(<i>t</i>)<i>q</i><sub><i>xt</i></sub>+<i>C</i>(<i>t</i>)|<i>q</i>|<sup>2</sup><i>q</i>+<i>ıD</i>(<i>t</i>)|<i>q</i>|<sup>2</sup><i>q</i><sub><i>x</i></sub>=<i>ı</i>[<i>H</i>(<i>t</i>)<i>q</i><sub><i>x</i></sub>+<i>F</i>(<i>t</i>)(|<i>q</i>|<sup>2</sup><i>q</i>)<sub><i>x</i></sub>+<i>G</i>(<i>t</i>)(|<i>q</i>|<sup>2</sup>)<sub><i>x</i></sub><i>q</i>] which is a Schr<math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¨</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math>dinger-type equation with applications in theory of communications. Here, the coefficients are variables and depend on the temporal variable <i>t</i>. The improved tanh-coth method is used to obtain exact solutions for it in a general form. If the coefficients turn constants, the equation is known as the standard Fokas-Lenells equation (FLE) which has several applications in nonlinear science. As a particular case, novel soliton solutions, chirped solutions, and the respective chirps associated with them are derived for (FLE). Also, the work explores the behaviour of the solutions when the coefficients change in time, obtaining novel structures of the solutions which help understand in a better way the phenomenon described by the (FLE). We show the graphs of some of the solutions with the aim to compare the two cases, variable and constant coefficients. Finally, some conclusions are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9977603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Hypericum comprises a large number of species. The flower, leaf, stem, and root of the Hypericum species are widely used in traditional medicine in different cultures. Many Hypericum species have been well investigated phytochemically and pharmacologically. However, only a few reports are available on the H. cordifolium native to Nepal. The present study aims to evaluate the phytochemical composition of different extracts, qualitative analysis of methanol extract of the flower and leaf using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the antioxidant properties of components by the TLC-DPPH. assay. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated in different extracts of the leaf and stem, and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities were evaluated. In the phytochemical screening, phenolics and flavonoids were present in ethyl acetate, methanol, and 50% aq methanol extracts of both the leaf and stem. In TLC analysis, the methanol extract of flowers showed the presence of 11 compounds and the leaf extract showed the presence of 8 compounds. Both extracts contained chlorogenic acid and mangiferin. Hyperoside and quercetin were present only in the flower extract. In the TLC-DPPH. assay, almost all of the flower extracts and 5 compounds of the leaf extract showed radical scavenging potential. Estimation of phenolics and flavonoids showed that all the leaf extracts showed higher amounts of phenolics and flavonoids than stem extracts. Among leaf extracts, greater amounts of phenolics were detected in 50% aqueous methanol extract (261.25 ± 1.66 GAE/g extract) and greater amounts of flavonoids were detected in methanol extract (232.60 ± 10.52 CE/g extract). Among stem extracts, greater amounts of flavonoids were detected in the methanol extract (155.12 ± 4.30 CE/g extract). In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the methanol extract of the leaf showed IC50 60.85 ± 2.67 µg/ml and 50% aq. methanol extract of the leaf showed IC50 63.09 ± 2.98 µg/ml. The methanol extract of the stem showed IC50 89.39 ± 3.23 µg/ml, whereas ethyl acetate and 50% aq. methanol extract showed IC50 > 100 µg/ml. In the antibacterial assay, the methanol extract of the leaf showed the inhibition zone of 12-13 mm and the stem extract showed the inhibition zone of 7-11 mm against S. aureus, E. coli, and S. sonnei, whereas both extracts were inactive against S. typhi. The findings of this study support the traditional use of this plant in Nepal for the treatment of diseases associated with bacterial infections. The present study revealed that the underutilized anatomical parts of H. cordifolium could be the source of various bioactive phytochemicals like other Hypericum species.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Potential and Antibacterial Activities of Different Anatomical Parts of <i>Hypericum cordifolium</i> Choisy.","authors":"Sujana Sapkota, Alishma Maharjan, Sanjeeta Tiwari, Meena Rajbhandari","doi":"10.1155/2024/8128813","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8128813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Hypericum</i> comprises a large number of species. The flower, leaf, stem, and root of the <i>Hypericum</i> species are widely used in traditional medicine in different cultures. Many <i>Hypericum</i> species have been well investigated phytochemically and pharmacologically. However, only a few reports are available on the <i>H. cordifolium</i> native to Nepal. The present study aims to evaluate the phytochemical composition of different extracts, qualitative analysis of methanol extract of the flower and leaf using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the antioxidant properties of components by the TLC-DPPH<sup>.</sup> assay. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated in different extracts of the leaf and stem, and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities were evaluated. In the phytochemical screening, phenolics and flavonoids were present in ethyl acetate, methanol, and 50% aq methanol extracts of both the leaf and stem. In TLC analysis, the methanol extract of flowers showed the presence of 11 compounds and the leaf extract showed the presence of 8 compounds. Both extracts contained chlorogenic acid and mangiferin. Hyperoside and quercetin were present only in the flower extract. In the TLC-DPPH<sup>.</sup> assay, almost all of the flower extracts and 5 compounds of the leaf extract showed radical scavenging potential. Estimation of phenolics and flavonoids showed that all the leaf extracts showed higher amounts of phenolics and flavonoids than stem extracts. Among leaf extracts, greater amounts of phenolics were detected in 50% aqueous methanol extract (261.25 ± 1.66 GAE/g extract) and greater amounts of flavonoids were detected in methanol extract (232.60 ± 10.52 CE/g extract). Among stem extracts, greater amounts of flavonoids were detected in the methanol extract (155.12 ± 4.30 CE/g extract). In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the methanol extract of the leaf showed IC<sub>50</sub> 60.85 ± 2.67 <i>µ</i>g/ml and 50% aq. methanol extract of the leaf showed IC<sub>50</sub> 63.09 ± 2.98 <i>µ</i>g/ml. The methanol extract of the stem showed IC<sub>50</sub> 89.39 ± 3.23 <i>µ</i>g/ml, whereas ethyl acetate and 50% aq. methanol extract showed IC<sub>50</sub> > 100 <i>µ</i>g/ml. In the antibacterial assay, the methanol extract of the leaf showed the inhibition zone of 12-13 mm and the stem extract showed the inhibition zone of 7-11 mm against <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>S. sonnei</i>, whereas both extracts were inactive against <i>S. typhi</i>. The findings of this study support the traditional use of this plant in Nepal for the treatment of diseases associated with bacterial infections. The present study revealed that the underutilized anatomical parts of <i>H. cordifolium</i> could be the source of various bioactive phytochemicals like other <i>Hypericum</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8128813"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tripathi, Sarfraz Hussain, Raj Kumar, Sourabh Sahu
Carbon nanotube-FETs (CNTFETs) have become a potential challenger because of their exceptional electrical properties and compatibility with conventional CMOS technology. The design and study of digitally tunable transconductance amplifiers (DTTAs) using CNTFETs are the main topics of this work. By utilizing the special characteristics of CNTFETs, the suggested DTTA design makes transconductance tunable, providing a versatile method of adjusting amplifier settings without requiring modifications to the hardware architecture. This study provides a complete description of the CNTFET modeling techniques utilized for realistic circuit simulations, along with a detailed analysis of the DTTA based on CNTFETs. The circuit is implemented using a 32 nm CNTFET model and verified results with HSPICE.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Digitally Tunable Transconductance Amplifier (DTTA) Using CNTFETs","authors":"S. Tripathi, Sarfraz Hussain, Raj Kumar, Sourabh Sahu","doi":"10.1155/2024/2003437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2003437","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotube-FETs (CNTFETs) have become a potential challenger because of their exceptional electrical properties and compatibility with conventional CMOS technology. The design and study of digitally tunable transconductance amplifiers (DTTAs) using CNTFETs are the main topics of this work. By utilizing the special characteristics of CNTFETs, the suggested DTTA design makes transconductance tunable, providing a versatile method of adjusting amplifier settings without requiring modifications to the hardware architecture. This study provides a complete description of the CNTFET modeling techniques utilized for realistic circuit simulations, along with a detailed analysis of the DTTA based on CNTFETs. The circuit is implemented using a 32 nm CNTFET model and verified results with HSPICE.","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irrigation development, particularly small-scale irrigation, is one of the most important projects for improving agricultural productivity in a country’s rural communities. The extent to which small-scale irrigation has improved household livelihoods in Ethiopia’s rural areas is not widely recognized. As a result, research on the influence of small-scale irrigation on farmers’ livelihoods in the Legehida district will be sought. The study took a “with” and “without” strategy, comparing farmers who used irrigation against those who did not. For analysis, both quantitative and qualitative data were employed. The survey’s respondents were chosen using a random sample approach from both irrigation users and nonuser households. Quantitative data for the study were collected from randomly selected 241 farm households, of which 113 were users and 128 were nonusers, using a semistructured questionnaire. Accordingly, the propensity score matching model was employed to examine the impacts of small-scale irrigation on farmers’ livelihoods. The logit model result indicates that cultivated land size, off-farm income, education level, family size, dependency ratio, total livestock unit, and distance to the nearest agricultural extension office/FTC are determinant factors in determining whether to practice irrigation when other factors remain constant. The impact of irrigation on a household’s income and food security (in terms of daily calorie intake) was evaluated using a propensity score matching model. The result shows that a positive and significant impact on farmers who use small-scale irrigation has increased the daily calorie intake and annual income of households by 244.162 kilocalories and 5234.258 ETB, respectively, as compared to nonirrigation users. This shows that households that participate in small-scale irrigation activities have a higher annual income and food security status than comparable groups. In general, the study recommends that to reduce food insecurity and the socioeconomic problems of rural households, irrigation farming is one of the viable solutions; therefore, the government and nongovernmental organizations should extensively focus on the enhancement of small-scale irrigation infrastructure, policies, strategies, and extension services to increase productivity, income, and livelihood improvement in rural households.
{"title":"Influence of Small-Scale Irrigation on Livelihoods of Rural Farm Households in the Case of Legehida District, Ethiopia","authors":"Awol Hussen, Arebu Hussen","doi":"10.1155/2024/9982796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9982796","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation development, particularly small-scale irrigation, is one of the most important projects for improving agricultural productivity in a country’s rural communities. The extent to which small-scale irrigation has improved household livelihoods in Ethiopia’s rural areas is not widely recognized. As a result, research on the influence of small-scale irrigation on farmers’ livelihoods in the Legehida district will be sought. The study took a “with” and “without” strategy, comparing farmers who used irrigation against those who did not. For analysis, both quantitative and qualitative data were employed. The survey’s respondents were chosen using a random sample approach from both irrigation users and nonuser households. Quantitative data for the study were collected from randomly selected 241 farm households, of which 113 were users and 128 were nonusers, using a semistructured questionnaire. Accordingly, the propensity score matching model was employed to examine the impacts of small-scale irrigation on farmers’ livelihoods. The logit model result indicates that cultivated land size, off-farm income, education level, family size, dependency ratio, total livestock unit, and distance to the nearest agricultural extension office/FTC are determinant factors in determining whether to practice irrigation when other factors remain constant. The impact of irrigation on a household’s income and food security (in terms of daily calorie intake) was evaluated using a propensity score matching model. The result shows that a positive and significant impact on farmers who use small-scale irrigation has increased the daily calorie intake and annual income of households by 244.162 kilocalories and 5234.258 ETB, respectively, as compared to nonirrigation users. This shows that households that participate in small-scale irrigation activities have a higher annual income and food security status than comparable groups. In general, the study recommends that to reduce food insecurity and the socioeconomic problems of rural households, irrigation farming is one of the viable solutions; therefore, the government and nongovernmental organizations should extensively focus on the enhancement of small-scale irrigation infrastructure, policies, strategies, and extension services to increase productivity, income, and livelihood improvement in rural households.","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}