M. M. Mohammed, M. Ramzy, S. Gaber, H. Mohamed, M. Mohamed, A. M. Abdalla
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. Multiple genetic and epigenetic abnormalities have been detected in ovarian cancers. As microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in carcinogenesis, numerous researchers aim to determine the molecular mechanism that regulates the cancer cells proliferation and metastasis. In the current study, the expression of microRNA-613 and related KRAS and Ezrin genes was assessed by Real-time PCR in ovarian cancer tissue and the adjacent apparently normal tissues. Our results revealed that the expression of miRNA-613 was downregulated in ovarian cancer while the expression of KRAS and Ezrin was higher in cancer tissues compared to apparently normal ovarian tissues. There was a negative correlation between the expression of miRNA-613 and both KRAS and Ezrin genes expression and a positive correlation between KRAS and Ezrin gene expression. The results obtained confirm that miRNA-613 acts as a tumor-suppressive gene in ovarian cancer and can realize such impact through the expression of KRAS and Ezrin genes. These data contribute to the identification of potential biomarkers and novel targets for OC early detection and treatment. Keywords: Ezrin, gene expression, KRAS, miRNA-613, ovarian cancer
{"title":"The role of microRNA-613 and its related genes in ovarian cancer","authors":"M. M. Mohammed, M. Ramzy, S. Gaber, H. Mohamed, M. Mohamed, A. M. Abdalla","doi":"10.15407/ubj94.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. Multiple genetic and epigenetic abnormalities have been detected in ovarian cancers. As microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in carcinogenesis, numerous researchers aim to determine the molecular mechanism that regulates the cancer cells proliferation and metastasis. In the current study, the expression of microRNA-613 and related KRAS and Ezrin genes was assessed by Real-time PCR in ovarian cancer tissue and the adjacent apparently normal tissues. Our results revealed that the expression of miRNA-613 was downregulated in ovarian cancer while the expression of KRAS and Ezrin was higher in cancer tissues compared to apparently normal ovarian tissues. There was a negative correlation between the expression of miRNA-613 and both KRAS and Ezrin genes expression and a positive correlation between KRAS and Ezrin gene expression. The results obtained confirm that miRNA-613 acts as a tumor-suppressive gene in ovarian cancer and can realize such impact through the expression of KRAS and Ezrin genes. These data contribute to the identification of potential biomarkers and novel targets for OC early detection and treatment. Keywords: Ezrin, gene expression, KRAS, miRNA-613, ovarian cancer","PeriodicalId":23007,"journal":{"name":"The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87032982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adequate folate intake is essential for a child’s growth. There is lack of information about the prevalence of this nutrient deficiency in the Ukrainian population, including children. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dietary intake of folate and determine the frequency of folate deficiency in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and healthy children. Determination of folate in serum was performed by ELISA. Folate level <3 ng/ml was diagnosed as a folate deficiency. Among all observed children the folate deficiency was diagnosed in 23 (32.9%): in 6 (17.1%) patients with T1D and in 17 (48.6%) healthy children (P ≤ 0.01). The mean level of serum folate in patients with T1D was (5.09 ± 2.16) ng/ml and (3.72 ± 1.87) ng/ml in healthy children (P ≤ 0.01). The average daily intake of folate with food was (138.68 ± 70.37) µg, without difference between T1D (12.00 ± 3.51 yr.) and healthy groups (10.83 ± 3.24 yr.), and it was more than two times lower than age requirements (300 µg/day). However, it was self-reported that 15 (48.9%) children of T1D group received vitamin supplementation one time in six months, while in healthy children only 6 (17.1%) children received vitamins (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, the frequency of folate deficiency is high in the pediatric population. Nutrition does not provide the necessary intake of folate, which indicates the need for additional folate supplementation. Keywords: children., deficiency, diabetes mellitus, dietary intake, folate
{"title":"Dietary intake of folate and the frequency of its deficiency in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy children","authors":"L. Dobrovolska, O. Boyarchuk, M. Kinash","doi":"10.15407/ubj94.05.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.05.040","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate folate intake is essential for a child’s growth. There is lack of information about the prevalence of this nutrient deficiency in the Ukrainian population, including children. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dietary intake of folate and determine the frequency of folate deficiency in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and healthy children. Determination of folate in serum was performed by ELISA. Folate level <3 ng/ml was diagnosed as a folate deficiency. Among all observed children the folate deficiency was diagnosed in 23 (32.9%): in 6 (17.1%) patients with T1D and in 17 (48.6%) healthy children (P ≤ 0.01). The mean level of serum folate in patients with T1D was (5.09 ± 2.16) ng/ml and (3.72 ± 1.87) ng/ml in healthy children (P ≤ 0.01). The average daily intake of folate with food was (138.68 ± 70.37) µg, without difference between T1D (12.00 ± 3.51 yr.) and healthy groups (10.83 ± 3.24 yr.), and it was more than two times lower than age requirements (300 µg/day). However, it was self-reported that 15 (48.9%) children of T1D group received vitamin supplementation one time in six months, while in healthy children only 6 (17.1%) children received vitamins (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, the frequency of folate deficiency is high in the pediatric population. Nutrition does not provide the necessary intake of folate, which indicates the need for additional folate supplementation. Keywords: children., deficiency, diabetes mellitus, dietary intake, folate","PeriodicalId":23007,"journal":{"name":"The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84537102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxocariasis is common among children and causes digestive diseases. The aim of the work was to study the development of toxocariasis in children with digestive diseases. The serum levels of specific IgG to Toxocara canis and Ascaris, levels of IL-4 and TNF-α were determined in 63 children. In addition, tests for parasites and a retrospective survey in order to assess sanitation and hygiene practices were conducted. All children were divided into two groups: group I includes 19 (30.2%) patients seropositive for toxocariasis, and group II – 44 (69.8%) children without any parasites. The level of IL-4 was higher in group I (18.0 ± 6.4 pg/ml) than in group II (7.2 ± 2.0 pg/ml) (P < 0.001. While the level of TNF-α did not differ significantly between groups I (4.5 ± 2.1 pg/ml) and II (3.6 ± 1.1 pg/ml) (P > 0.05). A higher incidence of Toxocara was observed among rural residents (78.9%). Children with toxocariasis more often had soil-pica (42.1%), played with dogs (100%), and did not wash their hands (84.2%) compared to the group of uninfected children. It was noted that hygienic habits and place of living contribute to Toxocara canis infection. IL-4 levels were considerably higher in group I than in group II that can be accounted for the host immune response activation, at the same time, the levels of TNF-α did not differ. Children without toxocariasis had also increased levels of IL-4, which may be related to past helminthic infection. Keywords: children., digestive diseases, interleukin-4, toxocariasis, tumor necrosis factor - α
{"title":"Toxocariasis in children with digestive system diseases","authors":"K. Hlushko, H. Pavlyshyn","doi":"10.15407/ubj94.05.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.05.077","url":null,"abstract":"Toxocariasis is common among children and causes digestive diseases. The aim of the work was to study the development of toxocariasis in children with digestive diseases. The serum levels of specific IgG to Toxocara canis and Ascaris, levels of IL-4 and TNF-α were determined in 63 children. In addition, tests for parasites and a retrospective survey in order to assess sanitation and hygiene practices were conducted. All children were divided into two groups: group I includes 19 (30.2%) patients seropositive for toxocariasis, and group II – 44 (69.8%) children without any parasites. The level of IL-4 was higher in group I (18.0 ± 6.4 pg/ml) than in group II (7.2 ± 2.0 pg/ml) (P < 0.001. While the level of TNF-α did not differ significantly between groups I (4.5 ± 2.1 pg/ml) and II (3.6 ± 1.1 pg/ml) (P > 0.05). A higher incidence of Toxocara was observed among rural residents (78.9%). Children with toxocariasis more often had soil-pica (42.1%), played with dogs (100%), and did not wash their hands (84.2%) compared to the group of uninfected children. It was noted that hygienic habits and place of living contribute to Toxocara canis infection. IL-4 levels were considerably higher in group I than in group II that can be accounted for the host immune response activation, at the same time, the levels of TNF-α did not differ. Children without toxocariasis had also increased levels of IL-4, which may be related to past helminthic infection. Keywords: children., digestive diseases, interleukin-4, toxocariasis, tumor necrosis factor - α","PeriodicalId":23007,"journal":{"name":"The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78090796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Avdeev, R. Drevnitska, N. Gevkaliuk, Y. Bandrivsky, A. Boykiv
The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases, calcium and phosphorus levels in rats with different courses of experimental gingivitis upon treatment with anti-inflammatory gel with Neovitin and peptide complexes. The experiment was conducted on 100 white nonlinear male rats aged 5-6 months divided into 10 groups: 1 control and 9 – with different courseі of gingivitis. The activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase (ALP, ACP), the levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in rat blood serum and gingiva supernatant were determined. It was found that upon gingivitis, the activity of ALP in blood serum decreased and in gingiva supernatant increased in all groups of animals compared to the control group. The activity of ACP in the serum decreased in hypoergic and hyperergic animal groups and increased in normergia, and in gingiva supernatant increased in all groups: by 2 times in normoergic and hypoergic animals and by 1.4 times in hyperergic. The treatment with anti-inflammatory gel normalized the activity of ALP in both serum and supernatant and decreased the ACP activity in the serum of animals in hypo- and hyperergic groups. The content of serum Ca increased in all groups, and in the supernatant of the gingiva even exceeded the control value. The content of phosphorus in the supernatant of periodontal tissues decreased. The development of the inflammatory process in the periodontium of rats with gingivitis was accompanied by changes in the activity of ACP, ALP, the content of Ca and P in the blood serum and gingival supernatant. The treatment with gel containing neovitin and peptide complexes had a more pronounced therapeutic effect in rats with unchanged reactivity of the organism. Keywords: acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, anti-inflammatory gel, calcium and phosphorus levels, gingivitis
{"title":"Changes in the activity of phosphatases, calcium and phosphorus in rats with the different courses of gingivitis under correction by anti-inflammatory gel","authors":"O. Avdeev, R. Drevnitska, N. Gevkaliuk, Y. Bandrivsky, A. Boykiv","doi":"10.15407/ubj94.05.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.05.059","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases, calcium and phosphorus levels in rats with different courses of experimental gingivitis upon treatment with anti-inflammatory gel with Neovitin and peptide complexes. The experiment was conducted on 100 white nonlinear male rats aged 5-6 months divided into 10 groups: 1 control and 9 – with different courseі of gingivitis. The activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase (ALP, ACP), the levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in rat blood serum and gingiva supernatant were determined. It was found that upon gingivitis, the activity of ALP in blood serum decreased and in gingiva supernatant increased in all groups of animals compared to the control group. The activity of ACP in the serum decreased in hypoergic and hyperergic animal groups and increased in normergia, and in gingiva supernatant increased in all groups: by 2 times in normoergic and hypoergic animals and by 1.4 times in hyperergic. The treatment with anti-inflammatory gel normalized the activity of ALP in both serum and supernatant and decreased the ACP activity in the serum of animals in hypo- and hyperergic groups. The content of serum Ca increased in all groups, and in the supernatant of the gingiva even exceeded the control value. The content of phosphorus in the supernatant of periodontal tissues decreased. The development of the inflammatory process in the periodontium of rats with gingivitis was accompanied by changes in the activity of ACP, ALP, the content of Ca and P in the blood serum and gingival supernatant. The treatment with gel containing neovitin and peptide complexes had a more pronounced therapeutic effect in rats with unchanged reactivity of the organism. Keywords: acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, anti-inflammatory gel, calcium and phosphorus levels, gingivitis","PeriodicalId":23007,"journal":{"name":"The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81787634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I learned during twenty years in RECOOP HST Association that sharing ideas, plans and actions make a human network naturally productive. Also, I believed throughout these years that honesty is a key component of a healthy relationship. Not only because honesty helps us avoid harmful breaches of trust, but because it allows us to build creative collaborative research organizations. Nonetheless, in the last two years, we were challenged with a vast scale of crises. First, the COVID-19 pandemic and second, beginning February 24, 2022, the brutal Russian aggression against Ukraine have impacted everybody’s life causing significant concern and insecurity across the globe. Economic instability, disturbed work routines and disrupted family lives have caused higher risks of physical and mental disorders [1, 2]. Socially isolated people often feel lonely or depressed. Constantly lonely people have higher blood pressure, are more vulnerable to infection and are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Loneliness also interferes with an entire range of everyday functions such as sleep patterns, attention and logical and verbal reasoning [3-6]. At the time the pandemic calmed, the Russian barbaric aggression and bombardment of civilian targets exposed large populations to physical aggression, which grants more damage over time as many Ukrainians are losing human condition. Are we losing humanity also? Humans are good or bad, or predators also capable of great kindness. Humanity symbolizes human love and sympathy toward each other. Human qualities include honesty, integrity, courage, self-awareness and dedication. These qualities define who we are as human beings. In this troubled time, we must look for the good in people and strengthen the care for others. Gandhi taught us, “The power of humanity is the strength of individual commitment and the force of collective action.” When RECOOP HST Association does something to help in Ukraine, all of us gain a sense of being valuable, helpful and worthwhile. Gandhi’s words remind us, “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” The human misery caused by Russia’s attacks only strengthen Ukrainians’ extraordinary spirit and their dedication to protect their family, culture and homeland. Putin is scrambled by the strength of Ukraine and getting more aggressive. His actions prove, like Gandhi wrote, “The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.” And we are stronger and better together. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, blood pressure, COVID-19, dementia, pandemic, physical and mental disorders, research organizations
{"title":"We are stronger and better together","authors":"S. Vari","doi":"10.15407/ubj94.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"I learned during twenty years in RECOOP HST Association that sharing ideas, plans and actions make a human network naturally productive. Also, I believed throughout these years that honesty is a key component of a healthy relationship. Not only because honesty helps us avoid harmful breaches of trust, but because it allows us to build creative collaborative research organizations. Nonetheless, in the last two years, we were challenged with a vast scale of crises. First, the COVID-19 pandemic and second, beginning February 24, 2022, the brutal Russian aggression against Ukraine have impacted everybody’s life causing significant concern and insecurity across the globe. Economic instability, disturbed work routines and disrupted family lives have caused higher risks of physical and mental disorders [1, 2]. Socially isolated people often feel lonely or depressed. Constantly lonely people have higher blood pressure, are more vulnerable to infection and are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Loneliness also interferes with an entire range of everyday functions such as sleep patterns, attention and logical and verbal reasoning [3-6]. At the time the pandemic calmed, the Russian barbaric aggression and bombardment of civilian targets exposed large populations to physical aggression, which grants more damage over time as many Ukrainians are losing human condition. Are we losing humanity also? Humans are good or bad, or predators also capable of great kindness. Humanity symbolizes human love and sympathy toward each other. Human qualities include honesty, integrity, courage, self-awareness and dedication. These qualities define who we are as human beings. In this troubled time, we must look for the good in people and strengthen the care for others. Gandhi taught us, “The power of humanity is the strength of individual commitment and the force of collective action.” When RECOOP HST Association does something to help in Ukraine, all of us gain a sense of being valuable, helpful and worthwhile. Gandhi’s words remind us, “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” The human misery caused by Russia’s attacks only strengthen Ukrainians’ extraordinary spirit and their dedication to protect their family, culture and homeland. Putin is scrambled by the strength of Ukraine and getting more aggressive. His actions prove, like Gandhi wrote, “The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.” And we are stronger and better together. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, blood pressure, COVID-19, dementia, pandemic, physical and mental disorders, research organizations","PeriodicalId":23007,"journal":{"name":"The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86724482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Levetiracetam (LV), 2S-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidiny1) butanamide, is an antiepileptic drug. The exact mechanisms of anticonvulsant effects of LV remain unclear. In this study, rats (Wistar strain) underwent hypoxia and seizures at the age of 10–12 postnatal days (pd). [3H]GABA release was analysed in isolated from thalamus nerve terminals (synaptosomes) during development at the age of pd 17–19 and pd 24–26 (infantile stage), pd 38–40 (puberty) and pd 66–73 (young adults) in control and after perinatal hypoxia. The extracellular level of [3H]GABA in the preparation of thalamic synaptosomes increased during development at the age of pd 38–40 and pd 66–73 as compared to earlier ones. LV did not influence the extracellular level of [3H]GABA in control and after perinatal hypoxia at all studied ages. Exocytotic [3H]GABA release in control increased at the age of pd 24–26 as compared to pd 17–19. After hypoxia, exocytotic [3H]GABA release from synaptosomes also increased during development. LV elevated [3H]GABA release from thalamic synaptosomes at the age of pd 66–73 after hypoxia and during blockage of GABA uptake by NO-711 only. LV realizes its antiepileptic effects at the presynaptic site through an increase in exocytotic release of [3H]GABA in thalamic synaptosomes after perinatal hypoxia at pd 66–73. LV exhibited a more significant effect in thalamic synaptosomes after perinatal hypoxia than in control ones. The action of LV is age-dependent, and the drug was inert at the infantile stage that can be useful for an LV application strategy in child epilepsy therapy. Keywords: brain development, exocytosis, GABA, levetiracetam, perinatal hypoxia, thalamic synaptosomes
{"title":"Perinatal hypoxia and thalamus brain region: increased efficiency of antiepileptic drug levetiracetam to inhibit GABA release from nerve terminals","authors":"M. Dudarenko, N. Pozdnyakova","doi":"10.15407/ubj94.05.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.05.028","url":null,"abstract":"Levetiracetam (LV), 2S-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidiny1) butanamide, is an antiepileptic drug. The exact mechanisms of anticonvulsant effects of LV remain unclear. In this study, rats (Wistar strain) underwent hypoxia and seizures at the age of 10–12 postnatal days (pd). [3H]GABA release was analysed in isolated from thalamus nerve terminals (synaptosomes) during development at the age of pd 17–19 and pd 24–26 (infantile stage), pd 38–40 (puberty) and pd 66–73 (young adults) in control and after perinatal hypoxia. The extracellular level of [3H]GABA in the preparation of thalamic synaptosomes increased during development at the age of pd 38–40 and pd 66–73 as compared to earlier ones. LV did not influence the extracellular level of [3H]GABA in control and after perinatal hypoxia at all studied ages. Exocytotic [3H]GABA release in control increased at the age of pd 24–26 as compared to pd 17–19. After hypoxia, exocytotic [3H]GABA release from synaptosomes also increased during development. LV elevated [3H]GABA release from thalamic synaptosomes at the age of pd 66–73 after hypoxia and during blockage of GABA uptake by NO-711 only. LV realizes its antiepileptic effects at the presynaptic site through an increase in exocytotic release of [3H]GABA in thalamic synaptosomes after perinatal hypoxia at pd 66–73. LV exhibited a more significant effect in thalamic synaptosomes after perinatal hypoxia than in control ones. The action of LV is age-dependent, and the drug was inert at the infantile stage that can be useful for an LV application strategy in child epilepsy therapy. Keywords: brain development, exocytosis, GABA, levetiracetam, perinatal hypoxia, thalamic synaptosomes","PeriodicalId":23007,"journal":{"name":"The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83081650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Matyshevska, M. Grigorieva, V. M. Danilova, S. Komisarenko
In the early 1980-s, Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, and Irwin Rose discovered one of the most important cyclic cellular processes – a regulated ATP-dependent protein degradation, for which they were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. These scientists proved the existence of a non-lysosomal proteolysis pathway and completely changed the perception of intracellular protein degradation mechanisms. They demonstrated pre-labelling of a doomed protein in a cell with a biochemical marker called ubiquitin. Polyubiquitylation of a protein as a signal for its proteolysis was a new mechanism discovered as a result of collaborative efforts of three scientists on isolation of enzymes involved in this sequential process, clarification of the biochemical stages, and substantiating the energy dependence mechanism. The article contains biographical data of the Nobel laureates, the methods applied, and the history of the research resulted in the discovery of the phenomenon of proteasomal degradation of ubiquitin-mediated proteins. Keywords: PROTAC, regulated protein degradation, ubiquitin, І. Rose, А. Ciechanover, А. Hershko
{"title":"Ubiquitin and its role in proteolisis: the 2004 Nobel prize in chemistry","authors":"O. Matyshevska, M. Grigorieva, V. M. Danilova, S. Komisarenko","doi":"10.15407/ubj94.05.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.05.084","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 1980-s, Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, and Irwin Rose discovered one of the most important cyclic cellular processes – a regulated ATP-dependent protein degradation, for which they were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. These scientists proved the existence of a non-lysosomal proteolysis pathway and completely changed the perception of intracellular protein degradation mechanisms. They demonstrated pre-labelling of a doomed protein in a cell with a biochemical marker called ubiquitin. Polyubiquitylation of a protein as a signal for its proteolysis was a new mechanism discovered as a result of collaborative efforts of three scientists on isolation of enzymes involved in this sequential process, clarification of the biochemical stages, and substantiating the energy dependence mechanism. The article contains biographical data of the Nobel laureates, the methods applied, and the history of the research resulted in the discovery of the phenomenon of proteasomal degradation of ubiquitin-mediated proteins. Keywords: PROTAC, regulated protein degradation, ubiquitin, І. Rose, А. Ciechanover, А. Hershko","PeriodicalId":23007,"journal":{"name":"The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73635443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrate pollution of groundwater has been increasing in recent years. The aim of this work was to study the morphological features of the bone marrow of rats at the consumption of drinking water with varying nitrate content. The experiment was performed on 2 groups of white female rats of different ages (mature and immature) with 30 individuals each. Both groups were divided into 5 subgroups that differed in the quality of drinking water consumed by rats on their own. In the 30 days study, nitrate was given to rats in drinking water in doses of 50, 150, 250, 500 mg of sodium nitrate per liter. Animals of the control group drank water from the city water supply. The effect of nitrates on the bone marrow of rats was evaluated by morphological analysis. It was found that the consumption of drinking water with nitrates affected erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis, as evidenced by the growth of blasts, lymphocytes, pronormocytes and normocytes, megakaryocytes and eosinophils, displacement of erythrocyte sprout cells. An increase in the neutrophil maturation index indicates delayed neutrophil maturation, increased yield of mature cells from the bone marrow and depletion of the granulocyte lineage. The more pronounced changes were observed in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the components of the erythrocyte sprout. These disorders were dose-dependent with increasing hematotoxic effect of nitrates at doses of 250 and 500 mg/l in the group of immature animals and resulted in changes in the bone marrow, which may further cause the development of pathological processes in an organism. Keywords: bone marrow of rats, drinking water, nitrates, Van Gieson’s stain
{"title":"http://ukrbiochemjournal.org/2022/12/changes-in-the-activity-of-phosphatases-calcium-and-phosphorus-in-rats-with-the-different-courses-of-gingivitis-under-correction-by-anti-inflammatory-gel.html","authors":"M. Danchyshyn, O. Lototska","doi":"10.15407/ubj94.05.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.05.069","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate pollution of groundwater has been increasing in recent years. The aim of this work was to study the morphological features of the bone marrow of rats at the consumption of drinking water with varying nitrate content. The experiment was performed on 2 groups of white female rats of different ages (mature and immature) with 30 individuals each. Both groups were divided into 5 subgroups that differed in the quality of drinking water consumed by rats on their own. In the 30 days study, nitrate was given to rats in drinking water in doses of 50, 150, 250, 500 mg of sodium nitrate per liter. Animals of the control group drank water from the city water supply. The effect of nitrates on the bone marrow of rats was evaluated by morphological analysis. It was found that the consumption of drinking water with nitrates affected erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis, as evidenced by the growth of blasts, lymphocytes, pronormocytes and normocytes, megakaryocytes and eosinophils, displacement of erythrocyte sprout cells. An increase in the neutrophil maturation index indicates delayed neutrophil maturation, increased yield of mature cells from the bone marrow and depletion of the granulocyte lineage. The more pronounced changes were observed in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the components of the erythrocyte sprout. These disorders were dose-dependent with increasing hematotoxic effect of nitrates at doses of 250 and 500 mg/l in the group of immature animals and resulted in changes in the bone marrow, which may further cause the development of pathological processes in an organism. Keywords: bone marrow of rats, drinking water, nitrates, Van Gieson’s stain","PeriodicalId":23007,"journal":{"name":"The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87903620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Sklyarova, S. R. Mahiiovych, N. Denysenko, L. Kobylinska, Y. Sklyarov
The aim of this study was to assess the level of nitric oxide production and arginase activity in patients with arterial hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus during infection with SARS-CoV-2. The study groups included patients with arterial hypertension, patients with arterial hypertension combined with a severe course of COVID-19 and patients who, in addition to arterial hypertension and COVID-19, were suffering from type II diabetes mellitus. The volunteers without any clinical signs of diseases and normal blood pressure formed the control group. It has been established that arterial hypertension, combined with COVID-19 occurs along with reduced L-arginine, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase activity and increased arginase activity. At the same time, the presence of arterial hypertension in patients with diabetes and coronavirus disease is accompanied by a decline in the content of L-arginine and arginase activity. Our study’s results may help scientists find new pharmacological targets in the future treatment of coronavirus disease and comorbid disorders. Keywords: arginase, COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, L-arginine, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase
{"title":"The level of nitric oxide and arginase activity in patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus during COVID-19","authors":"O. Sklyarova, S. R. Mahiiovych, N. Denysenko, L. Kobylinska, Y. Sklyarov","doi":"10.15407/ubj94.05.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the level of nitric oxide production and arginase activity in patients with arterial hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus during infection with SARS-CoV-2. The study groups included patients with arterial hypertension, patients with arterial hypertension combined with a severe course of COVID-19 and patients who, in addition to arterial hypertension and COVID-19, were suffering from type II diabetes mellitus. The volunteers without any clinical signs of diseases and normal blood pressure formed the control group. It has been established that arterial hypertension, combined with COVID-19 occurs along with reduced L-arginine, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase activity and increased arginase activity. At the same time, the presence of arterial hypertension in patients with diabetes and coronavirus disease is accompanied by a decline in the content of L-arginine and arginase activity. Our study’s results may help scientists find new pharmacological targets in the future treatment of coronavirus disease and comorbid disorders. Keywords: arginase, COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, L-arginine, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase","PeriodicalId":23007,"journal":{"name":"The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77305144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Hudz, V. Turkina, O. Yezerska, L. Kobylinska, A. Filipska, J. Karosienė, D. Galinyte, G. Balciunaite–Murziene
The physicochemical characteristics of phycocyanin extracted from cyanobacteria collected in Kaunas Lagoon were studied (spectrum characteristics, C-PC content in the dry mass and chemical purity). It was determined that the tested concentrations of C-PC in purified water should be in the range of 0.02–0.16% for measuring C-PC content in the dry mass and its spectrum characteristics. The two clear absorption maxima were detected in the spectrum of C-PC at the wavelengths of 277 and 619 nm. The content of C-PC in the dry powder form was in the range of 7.25% to 9.30% depending on its concentration in the solution and type of spectrophotometer. Furthermore, a purity factor of 1.5 was calculated, which indicated the food qualification of the obtained biomass of C-PC. Finally, the analytical procedure for studying the pro- and anti-oxidant activity of C-PC was developed and the antioxidant activity of C-PC was measured for the available markers. It was revealed that C-PC has dual properties (pro- and anti-oxidant ones) depending on its concentration, more exactly, its content in reaction mixtures with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The following issues were resolved during the research: the concentration of ethanol in the DPPH solution was chosen in order to avoid precipitation of proteins in the reaction mixtures (50%); the ratio of the solution of C-PC to the DPPH solution was selected; the selected concentrations of the markers for the construction of their calibration curves were chosen for quercetin and for rutin. The antioxidant activity of the obtained C-PC sample was determined. Keywords: antioxidant activity, C-phycocyanin, cyanobacteria, DPPH, quercetin, rutin
{"title":"Evaluation of the spectral characteristics, purity and antioxidant activity of C-phycocyanin from the cyanobacteria collected in Kaunas Lagoon (Lithuania)","authors":"N. Hudz, V. Turkina, O. Yezerska, L. Kobylinska, A. Filipska, J. Karosienė, D. Galinyte, G. Balciunaite–Murziene","doi":"10.15407/ubj94.05.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.05.047","url":null,"abstract":"The physicochemical characteristics of phycocyanin extracted from cyanobacteria collected in Kaunas Lagoon were studied (spectrum characteristics, C-PC content in the dry mass and chemical purity). It was determined that the tested concentrations of C-PC in purified water should be in the range of 0.02–0.16% for measuring C-PC content in the dry mass and its spectrum characteristics. The two clear absorption maxima were detected in the spectrum of C-PC at the wavelengths of 277 and 619 nm. The content of C-PC in the dry powder form was in the range of 7.25% to 9.30% depending on its concentration in the solution and type of spectrophotometer. Furthermore, a purity factor of 1.5 was calculated, which indicated the food qualification of the obtained biomass of C-PC. Finally, the analytical procedure for studying the pro- and anti-oxidant activity of C-PC was developed and the antioxidant activity of C-PC was measured for the available markers. It was revealed that C-PC has dual properties (pro- and anti-oxidant ones) depending on its concentration, more exactly, its content in reaction mixtures with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The following issues were resolved during the research: the concentration of ethanol in the DPPH solution was chosen in order to avoid precipitation of proteins in the reaction mixtures (50%); the ratio of the solution of C-PC to the DPPH solution was selected; the selected concentrations of the markers for the construction of their calibration curves were chosen for quercetin and for rutin. The antioxidant activity of the obtained C-PC sample was determined. Keywords: antioxidant activity, C-phycocyanin, cyanobacteria, DPPH, quercetin, rutin","PeriodicalId":23007,"journal":{"name":"The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74298843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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