Thermochimica Acta最新文献_第9页

Experimental study of latent thermal energy storage with shape stabilized binary KAl(SO4)2·12H2O-MgSO4·7H2O hydrated salt material for Carnot batteries 卡诺电池用形状稳定二元KAl(SO4)2·12H2O-MgSO4·7H2O水合盐材料的潜热储能实验研究

IF 3.5 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Thermochimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2025.180194

Zhuanying Hang , Yan Wang , Jianan Tao , Jingchen Zhang

Carnot battery system, particularly the Organic Rankine Cycle-based system, is an attractive energy storage solution for developing the future carbon-neutral energy system by utilizing low-grade heat (e.g., solar heat). As a cost-effective phase change material (PCM), aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate (KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O) offers large heat capacity during melting/solidification at medium-low temperature, which holds a promising prospect in thermal energy storage system in Carnot Batteries. KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O is also one of the few types of hydrated salts without phase separation issue. In this study, binary inorganic hydrated salt mixtures of KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO₄·7H₂O) with various mass ratios were developed and prepared as a novel energy storage material at medium-low temperatures. The sample with a 6:4 mass ratio (KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O:MgSO₄·7H₂O) exhibited a phase-change enthalpy of 181.3 kJ/kg. Optimized mixture was impregnated into expanded graphite (EG) to form shape-stable composites. Results showed that even minimal EG loading prevented PCM leakage (leakage rate < 3%) and enhanced thermal conductivity (up to 5.23 W/(m·K)). The composite containing 8wt% EG exhibited a phase-change enthalpy of 175.7 kJ/kg, enabling rapid heat transfer. Thermal-cycling tests confirmed excellent reliability with negligible enthalpy loss. These properties made the composites highly suitable for thermal storage in Carnot batteries.

卡诺电池系统，特别是基于有机朗肯循环的系统，是一种有吸引力的能量存储解决方案，可以通过利用低品位的热量（例如太阳能热）来开发未来的碳中性能源系统。十二水合硫酸铝钾（KAl(SO4)2·12H2O）是一种经济高效的相变材料（PCM），在中低温熔融/凝固过程中具有较大的热容量，在卡诺电池蓄热系统中具有广阔的应用前景。KAl(SO4)2·12H2O也是为数不多的不存在相分离问题的水合盐。本研究研制了不同质量比的KAl(SO4)2·12H2O和七水硫酸镁（MgSO4·7H2O）二元无机水合盐混合物，并在中低温条件下制备了新型储能材料。质量比为6:4 （KAl（SO₄）₂·12H₂O:MgSO₄·7H₂O）的样品的相变焓为181.3 kJ/kg。将优化后的混合物浸渍在膨胀石墨（EG）中，形成形状稳定的复合材料。结果表明，即使最小的EG负载也可以防止PCM泄漏（泄漏率<； 3%）并增强热导率（高达5.23 W/(m·K)）。含8wt% EG的复合材料的相变焓为175.7 kJ/kg，可以实现快速传热。热循环试验证实了极好的可靠性，焓损失可以忽略不计。这些特性使得复合材料非常适合卡诺电池的储热。

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引用次数: 0

Thermodynamic insights into melting point depression in silicone rubber swollen with organic solvents 在有机溶剂膨胀硅橡胶熔点下降的热力学见解

IF 3.5 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Thermochimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2025.180195

Tau Ikuno , Ibuki Tanizawa , Shoichi Tatsumi , Tomonari Wakabayashi , Tadashi Kamiyama , Hal Suzuki

The melting behavior of silicone rubber (VMQ), composed primarily of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), was investigated upon the addition of organic solvents using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and adiabatic calorimetry. A significant depression in the melting point (T_fus) – greater than 30 K – was observed upon addition of three solvents: hexane (Hex), 2-methylpentane (2MP), and 2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane (ETBE), all showing similar trends. Adiabatic calorimetry enabled precise thermodynamic measurements for the VMQ-2MP system, allowing for accurate determination of fusion enthalpy (Δ_fusH) and entropy (Δ_fusS) as functions of the 2MP volume fraction (

ϕ_{2 MP}

). Both Δ_fusH and Δ_fusS increased slightly at low

ϕ_{2 MP}

(< 0.3), suggesting that the T_fus depression is primarily driven by entropy. This increase in Δ_fusS was attributed to mixing entropy between PDMS and 2MP, and was analyzed using the Flory–Huggins and Flory–Rehner models. However, the experimentally observed Δ_fusS values were significantly lower than model predictions, indicating that ideal mixing models overestimate the degree of configurational disorder in the VMQ-2MP system. At high

ϕ_{2 MP}

(> 0.7), both Δ_fusH and Δ_fusS decreased markedly, reflecting a reduction in PDMS crystallinity (p_cr) with increasing solvent content. Furthermore, analysis of the

ϕ_{2 MP}

-dependent fusion enthalpy of 2MP revealed minimal desorption of 2MP during PDMS crystallization. This suggests that a substantial number of 2MP molecules remain trapped around or within PDMS crystallites, remaining unfrozen even below their own melting temperature.

采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和绝热量热法研究了以聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）为主要原料的硅橡胶（VMQ）在有机溶剂的加入下的熔融行为。在加入三种溶剂：己烷（Hex）、2-甲基戊烷（2MP）和2-乙氧基-2-甲基丙烷（ETBE）后，熔点（Tfus）显著降低（大于30k），均表现出类似的趋势。绝热量热法可以对VMQ-2MP系统进行精确的热力学测量，可以准确地确定融合焓（ΔfusH）和熵（ΔfusS）作为2MP体积分数（）的函数。ΔfusH和ΔfusS在较低的ϕ2MP （< 0.3）时均略有增加，表明Tfus下降主要是由熵驱动的。ΔfusS的增加归因于PDMS和2MP之间的混合熵，并使用Flory-Huggins和Flory-Rehner模型进行了分析。然而，实验观测到的ΔfusS值明显低于模型预测值，表明理想混合模型高估了VMQ-2MP系统的构型紊乱程度。在较高的ϕ2MP （> 0.7）下，ΔfusH和ΔfusS均显著降低，反映了PDMS结晶度（pcr）随溶剂含量的增加而降低。此外，对2MP的依赖性融合焓的分析显示，在PDMS结晶过程中，2MP的脱附极小。这表明大量的2MP分子仍然被困在PDMS晶体周围或内部，即使低于其自身的熔化温度也保持不冻结。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of ventilation and plugging rate on fire spread and smoke migration of cables in an underground utility tunnel 通风和堵塞率对地下公用隧道电缆火势蔓延和烟气迁移的影响

IF 3.5 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Thermochimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2025.180193

Xingjia Liu , Shanyang Wei , Hongyu Yang , Hao Wang , Xingjie Wu , Peng Wei

This study investigates the fire spread mechanisms and smoke movement in underground utility tunnels using Copper core rubber insulated rubber sheathed cable (YC) and Copper core cross-linked polyethylene insulated polyvinyl chloride sheathed cable (YJV) through thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG), cone calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and scaled model tests. Results indicate that Copper core cross-linked polyethylene insulated polyvinyl chloride sheathed cable exhibits lower thermal stability than Copper core rubber insulated rubber sheathed cable, with higher initial pyrolysis temperature (314.6–329.1  °C) but greater weight loss (60–63 %) due to crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) decomposition and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dechlorination. Under 30–40 kW/m² radiation, Copper core cross-linked polyethylene insulated polyvinyl chloride sheathed cable ignites 67 % faster than Copper core rubber insulated rubber sheathed cable, with reduced the peak heat release rate (peak-HRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke generation (TSP) (18.56 m²), and CO/CO₂ yield. Plugging rate significantly influences temperature distribution, with a maximum ceiling temperature of 684.8  °C at 20 % plugging rate, enhancing flame spread and smoke flow inclination. Ventilation causes asymmetric ceiling temperatures, with the left side exceeding the right by 21–35 %. These findings support fire risk assessment and prevention strategies for urban underground utility tunnels.

采用热重分析（TG-DTG）、锥量热法、拉曼光谱法和比例模型试验等方法，研究了铜芯橡胶绝缘橡胶护套电缆（YC）和铜芯交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电缆（YJV）在地下综合隧道中的火灾蔓延机理和烟雾运动。结果表明，铜芯交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电缆的热稳定性低于铜芯橡胶绝缘橡胶护套电缆，其初始热解温度（314.6 ~ 329.1  °C）较高，但由于交联聚乙烯（XLPE）分解和聚氯乙烯（PVC）脱氯导致的失重（60 ~ 63 %）较大。在30 ~ 40 kW/m²辐射下，铜芯交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电缆的引燃速度比铜芯橡胶绝缘橡胶护套电缆快67 %，峰值放热率（peak- hrr）、总放热率（THR）、总发烟率（TSP）（18.56 m²）和CO/CO₂产率均有所降低。堵塞率对温度分布有显著影响，当堵塞率为20% %时，最高温度为684.8  °C，增加了火焰蔓延和烟流倾斜度。通风导致天花板温度不对称，左侧比右侧高21-35 %。这些发现为城市地下综合隧道的火灾风险评估和预防策略提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Turning pan-sensor contact variability into a calibration tool for Sub-1% accuracy in heat capacity measurements with disk-type DSC 将泛传感器接触变异性转变为一种校准工具，用于低于1%的热容量测量精度

IF 3.5 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Thermochimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2025.180192

Yahya Rharbi, Frédéric Hugenell

The accuracy of absolute heat capacity (c_p) measurements in disk-type differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been perennially compromised by a fundamental yet unresolved issue: the poor reproducibility of pan-sensor thermal contact resistance (PS-TCR) upon manual repositioning. This systematic error, frequently treated as random noise, routinely introduces significant uncertainties that limit the reliability of c_p data, especially for small samples.

This work introduces a methodological advancement to overcome this limitation. We demonstrate that the isothermal heat flow (Q̇_iso), a readily measurable parameter in step-scan protocols, serves as a highly sensitive and quantitative signature of pan-positioning artifacts. By establishing a robust linear correlation between Q̇_iso and the integrated enthalpy signal (Q_s), we develop a novel correction procedure that effectively isolates and subtracts the positioning-dependent error component.

This strategy, validated experimentally and supported by a refined thermal model, systematically reduces c_p measurement uncertainty to below 1 % for sample masses as low as 5 mg, a level of precision previously unattainable in conventional disk-type DSCs without specialized equipment. Crucially, this approach requires no hardware modifications, relying solely on software-based post-processing of existing step-scan data. Our findings provide a practical and universally applicable solution to a decades-old problem, finally enabling high-accuracy c_p determination on standard DSC instruments and democratizing precision for the broader materials science community.

圆盘式差示扫描量热法（DSC）中绝对热容（cp）测量的准确性一直受到一个根本的尚未解决的问题的影响：手动重新定位后pan-sensor热接触电阻（PS-TCR）的再现性差。这种系统误差通常被视为随机噪声，通常会引入显著的不确定性，从而限制cp数据的可靠性，特别是对于小样本而言。这项工作引入了一种方法上的进步来克服这一限制。我们证明等温热流（Q o iso）是步进扫描协议中易于测量的参数，可作为泛定位伪像的高灵敏度和定量特征。通过建立Q / iso与积分焓信号（Qs）之间的鲁棒线性相关性，我们开发了一种新的校正程序，可以有效地分离和减去与位置相关的误差分量。该策略经过实验验证，并得到了精细热模型的支持，系统地将样品质量低至5mg的cp测量不确定度降低到1%以下，这是以前在没有专门设备的传统磁盘型dsc中无法达到的精度水平。至关重要的是，这种方法不需要硬件修改，仅依赖于基于软件的现有步进扫描数据的后处理。我们的研究结果为几十年前的问题提供了一个实用且普遍适用的解决方案，最终实现了在标准DSC仪器上的高精度cp测定，并使更广泛的材料科学界的精度民主化。

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引用次数: 0

Process hazard evaluation and exothermic mechanism study of nitrocellulose denitration 硝化纤维素脱硝工艺危害评价及放热机理研究

IF 3.5 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Thermochimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2025.180183

Si-yu Zhong , Yu-nong Liu , Ya-jun Ding , Shi-ying Li

The denitration process of waste nitrocellulose (NC) using hydrazine hydrate presents potential thermal risks. This study systematically evaluated the process safety through Simultaneous Thermal Analysis, reaction calorimetry coupled with in situ Raman spectroscopy, ARC, and DFT calculations. Results indicated a significant temperature-dependent increase in heat release. Under adiabatic conditions starting at 85 °C, the MTSR reached 124.69 °C, exceeding the boiling point of hydrazine hydrate (113.5 °C) and suggesting a risk of boiling and ejection. Kinetic analysis yielded an apparent activation energy of 157.8 kJ/mol, confirming that the reaction is controlled by chemical steps. Real-time Raman monitoring, combined with DFT calculations, revealed the key exothermic pathway involving an unstable nitrohydrazine intermediate and the formation of nitrite. Finally, based on ΔT_ad and TMR_ad, risk matrix assessment classified the process risk as Level Ⅰ. This study identifies the critical temperature threshold for safe operation and provides a crucial theoretical basis and important safety guidance for industrial denitrification processes.

利用水合肼对废硝基纤维素进行脱硝具有潜在的热风险。本研究通过同步热分析、反应量热法、原位拉曼光谱、ARC和DFT计算系统地评估了工艺安全性。结果表明，热量释放明显依赖于温度的增加。在85℃开始的绝热条件下，MTSR达到124.69℃，超过水合肼的沸点113.5℃，存在沸腾和喷射的危险。动力学分析得到表观活化能为157.8 kJ/mol，证实了该反应是由化学步骤控制的。实时拉曼监测结合DFT计算，揭示了涉及不稳定硝基肼中间体和亚硝酸盐形成的关键放热途径。最后，基于ΔTad和TMRad进行风险矩阵评价，将过程风险划分为Ⅰ级。该研究确定了安全运行的临界温度阈值，为工业脱硝工艺提供了重要的理论依据和重要的安全指导。

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引用次数: 0

Deconvolution of superimposing reaction signals from DSC curves in selected Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) alloys by mean-field modeling and HEXRD 用平均场模型和HEXRD对Al-Mg-Si-(Cu)合金DSC曲线的叠加反应信号进行反卷积

IF 3.5 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Thermochimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2025.180181

Robert Kahlenberg , Georg Falkinger , Roman Schuster , Bernhard Miesenberger , Nicolás García Arango , Emad Maawad , Erwin Povoden-Karadeniz , Benjamin Milkereit , Ernst Kozeschnik

The present work describes a systematic approach to improve mean-field simulations of dissolution and precipitation of precipitates from the late stages in the precipitation sequence in AlMgSiCu alloys for processing simulations. In addition to metastable precipitates, it considers the evolution of two populations (coarse and fine) of the thermodynamically stable phases in EN AW-6061 and EN AW-6016, β-Mg₂Si and Si respectively. The setup is based on two previous publications using heterogeneous nucleation site energies and their distribution. The simulations are calibrated using data from continuous cooling and heating experiments obtained with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD). We show that mean-field simulations combined with DSC and HEXRD can provide valuable information to eliminate uncertainties related to, for instance, the thermodynamic description of metastable precipitates. The method described in this paper also delivers very reasonable results for the evolution of the individual phase fractions. It potentially facilitates the assessment of the influence of different types of nucleation sites and their densities.

本工作描述了一种系统的方法来改进AlMgSiCu合金中析出序列后期析出相的溶解和析出的平均场模拟。除了亚稳相外，还考虑了EN AW-6061和EN AW-6016中热稳定相（β-Mg2Si和Si）的粗、细两族的演化。该设置是基于以前的两个出版物使用非均相成核位能和它们的分布。利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和高能x射线衍射（HEXRD）获得的连续冷却和加热实验数据对模拟进行了校准。我们表明，结合DSC和HEXRD的平均场模拟可以提供有价值的信息，以消除与亚稳沉淀的热力学描述有关的不确定性。本文所描述的方法对于单个相分数的演化也提供了非常合理的结果。它可能有助于评估不同类型的成核位置及其密度的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the transfer behavior of key components and mainstream aerosol release characteristics from a novel hybrid tobacco product 一种新型杂交烟草制品关键组分转移行为及主流气溶胶释放特性研究

IF 3.5 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Thermochimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2025.180182

Zhonghua Xiao , Dian Li , Qifeng Shen , Huaquan Sheng , Yihui Zhang , Yihan Gao , Naiping Gao

Amid growing health concerns regarding novel tobacco products, a hybrid device integrating electronic cigarette (EC) and heated tobacco product (HTP) technologies was developed to enable standalone or composite smoking. Comprehensive analysis revealed composite smoking increased total aerosol mass by 32.55 mg versus standalone EC and 9.37 mg versus standalone HTP, while elevating gaseous phase proportion. Particle number concentration rose 7.80 % with 18.39 % larger count median diameter versus HTP alone, and 315.83 % higher concentration with 15.34 % smaller diameter versus EC alone. Compared to standalone HTP, composite smoking demonstrated a 1.42 mg reduction in nicotine release and a 9.42 % decrease in residual key components. An "adsorption-thermal desorption" hypothetical mechanism is proposed to interpret these experimental findings. The results demonstrate that the composite smoking mode integrating electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products in series can effectively enhance volatile component release while simultaneously reducing nicotine delivery.

在对新型烟草产品日益增长的健康担忧中，开发了一种集成电子烟（EC）和加热烟草产品（HTP）技术的混合设备，以实现独立或复合吸烟。综合分析表明，复合吸烟使气溶胶总质量比单独吸烟增加32.55 mg，比单独吸烟增加9.37 mg，同时提高了气相比例。颗粒数浓度比HTP单独增加7.80%，中位直径增加18.39%；颗粒数浓度比EC单独增加315.83%，中位直径减少15.34%。与单独使用HTP相比，复合吸烟显示尼古丁释放减少了1.42毫克，剩余关键成分减少了9.42%。提出了一种“吸附-热解吸”的假设机制来解释这些实验结果。结果表明，将电子烟与加热烟草制品串联在一起的复合吸烟方式可以有效地促进挥发性成分的释放，同时减少尼古丁的释放。

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引用次数: 0

Density and excess molar enthalpy of (2-propanol + glyme) liquid mixtures. Application of the Flory model （2-丙醇+丙烯）液体混合物的密度和过量摩尔焓。Flory模型的应用

IF 3.5 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Thermochimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2025.180179

João Victor Alves-Laurentino, Fatemeh Pazoki, Luis Felipe Sanz, Juan Antonio González, Fernando Hevia, Daniel Lozano-Martín

For glymes of general formula CH₃O(CH₂CH₂O)_uCH₃, with u = 1, 2, 3, 4, the densities of the (2-propanol + glyme) systems at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 303.15) K and at pressure 0.1 MPa were determined using a DSA 5000 densimeter (from Anton Paar). The corresponding excess molar volumes were calculated from these density measurements. In addition, excess molar enthalpies at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa were measured using a Tian-Calvet micro-calorimeter. The results show that alkanol–ether interactions are strong but do not contribute significantly to the excess molar enthalpy, as the values are large and positive, and comparable to those of (glyme + n-heptane) systems. The excess molar volumes are small or even negative (in the case of the mixture with u = 4), indicating that they are mainly governed by structural effects. Mixtures with 1-propanol or 2-propanol behave similarly, although interactions between unlike molecules become slightly stronger when 1-propanol is involved. On the other hand, effects related to alcohol self-association play a decisive role in the thermodynamic properties when glymes are replaced by di-n-propyl ether. This is supported by the application of the Flory model, which shows that orientational effects are weak in the studied glyme-containing mixtures but become significantly stronger when di-n-propyl ether is considered.

对于通式ch30 (CH2CH2O)uCH3的glyme， u = 1,2,3,4，在（293.15 ~ 303.15）K温度和0.1 MPa压力下，使用Anton Paar的DSA 5000密度计测定了（2-丙醇+ glyme）体系的密度。相应的过量摩尔体积是由这些密度测量计算出来的。此外，用Tian-Calvet微量热计测量了298.15 K和0.1 MPa下的过量摩尔焓。结果表明，烷醇-醚相互作用很强，但对过量摩尔焓没有显著贡献，因为其值很大且为正，与（甘醚+正庚烷）体系相当。过量摩尔体积很小甚至为负（在u = 4的混合物中），表明它们主要受结构效应的支配。与1-丙醇或2-丙醇的混合物表现相似，尽管当1-丙醇参与时，不同分子之间的相互作用会稍微强一些。另一方面，当甘烷被二正丙醚取代时，与醇自缔合有关的影响对热力学性质起决定性作用。Flory模型的应用支持了这一点，该模型表明，在所研究的含甘醚混合物中，取向效应很弱，但当考虑二正丙醚时，取向效应明显增强。

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引用次数: 0

Thermodynamic-based prediction of gaseous species evolution in thermogravimetric analysis 热重分析中基于热力学的气态物种演化预测

IF 3.5 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Thermochimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2025.180180

Roberto Paredes , Enrique Garcia-Franco , Blanca Castells , María-Pilar Martínez-Hernando , Pedro Mora Peris , Marcelo F. Ortega

Gas emissions during the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic materials are generally predicted using kinetic models. However, these are often limited by complex reaction mechanisms and high computational requirements. This study presents a new methodology that combines thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with Gibbs Free Energy Minimisation (GEM) using Reaktoro v2, an open-source Python library, to predict the evolution of gaseous species without requiring kinetic parameters. Five lignocellulosic biomass—olive pomace, wood pellets, wheat straw, soybean dust, and cork dust—were characterised and analysed under controlled thermal conditions.

The model accurately estimated the evolution of CO, CO₂, H₂, and CH₄ in the range of 500–700 °C during the devolatilization process in the thermogravimetric test, showing strong agreement with literature data. Results revealed an inverse correlation between the CO/H₂ and O/C ratios of the samples and a direct correlation between the lower heating value (LHV) of the solids and that of the gas produced. It was also observed that high ash content catalysed secondary reactions, reducing both the energy content of the gas and duty.

Overall, this study demonstrates a novel methodology that surpasses conventional kinetic-based approaches, providing a reliable, efficient, and versatile framework for predicting gas emissions and optimising biomass processes.

通常使用动力学模型预测木质纤维素材料热分解过程中的气体排放。然而，这些通常受到复杂的反应机制和高计算要求的限制。本研究提出了一种结合热重分析（TGA）和吉布斯自由能最小化（GEM）的新方法，使用Reaktoro v2（一个开源的Python库）来预测气态物种的演化，而不需要动力学参数。五种木质纤维素生物质——橄榄渣、木屑、小麦秸秆、大豆粉和软木粉——在受控的热条件下进行了表征和分析。该模型在热重试验中准确估算了500 ~ 700℃范围内CO、CO2、H2和CH4在脱挥发过程中的演化，与文献数据吻合较好。结果表明，样品的CO/H2和O/C比值呈负相关，固体的低热值（LHV）与产生的气体的低热值（LHV）直接相关。还观察到，高灰分含量催化了二次反应，降低了气体的能量含量和责任。总的来说，这项研究展示了一种超越传统的基于动力学的方法的新方法，为预测气体排放和优化生物质过程提供了可靠、高效和通用的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond conventional calorimetry: Unlocking thermal characterization with fast scanning techniques 超越传统量热法：解锁热表征与快速扫描技术

IF 3.5 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Thermochimica Acta

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2025.180177

Mateusz Dudziak , Birte Riechers , Robert Maaß , Adam Michalchuk , Andreas Schönhals , Paulina Szymoniak

Fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) has emerged as a transformative technique in thermal analysis, enabling the investigation of rapid and kinetically driven thermal transitions that are inaccessible to conventional differential scanning calorimetry. This review highlights the capabilities enabled by FSC for studying a wide range of materials under extreme thermal conditions, including polymers, pharmaceuticals, metallic glasses, nanocomposites, and hydrogels. By employing ultrafast heating and cooling rates, FSC allows for the suppression of crystallization, resolution of weak transitions, and analysis of thermally labile or size-limited samples. The technique is particularly valuable for probing glass transitions, relaxation phenomena, and phase behavior in systems with complex morphologies or confined geometries. Case studies demonstrate the use of FSC in characterizing vitrification, physical aging, and interfacial dynamics, as well as its application in emerging fields such as additive manufacturing, supramolecular systems, and neuromorphic materials. Together, these examples underscore the role that FSC plays in advancing the understanding of structure-property relationships across diverse material classes.

快速扫描量热法（FSC）已经成为热分析中的一种变革性技术，能够研究传统差示扫描量热法无法实现的快速和动力学驱动的热转变。这篇综述强调了FSC在极端热条件下研究各种材料的能力，包括聚合物、药品、金属玻璃、纳米复合材料和水凝胶。通过采用超快的加热和冷却速率，FSC可以抑制结晶，分辨弱转变，并分析热不稳定或尺寸有限的样品。该技术对于探测具有复杂形态或受限几何结构的系统中的玻璃化转变、弛豫现象和相行为特别有价值。案例研究展示了FSC在表征玻璃化、物理老化和界面动力学方面的应用，以及它在新兴领域的应用，如增材制造、超分子系统和神经形态材料。总之，这些例子强调了FSC在促进对不同材料类别的结构-性能关系的理解方面所起的作用。

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