Topicality. In eco-friendly farming systems, the biologicals help to increase winter wheat productivity and improve grain quality. These include both stubble biodestructors that accelerate the return of nutrients from by-products to the soil and multifunctional biologicals with fertilising, growth-regulating and protective properties. Purpose. To determine the influence of the stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals under different fertilization backgrounds on the formation of individual plant productivity, yield and grain quality of winter wheat in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field method was used to study the interaction of the investigated factors on the plant growth and development, as well as and the winter wheat yield; quantitative-weight method – to determine the structure of the yield; mathematical and statistical method – to analyse the reliability of the obtained results. Results. It was established that the application of stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals had an impact on the formation of the winter wheat yield and provided an increase in the number of productive stems by 4–9 %, grain weight per head by 3–7 %, and yield by 8–17 % against the background without fertilizers. The application of N90Р60К60 resulted in an increase in the number of productive stems by 10 %, the grain weight per head by 14 %, and the yield by 31% compared to the background without fertiliser. The use of biological preparations against this background provided an additional increase in productivity in the range of 9–15 %, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of productive stems and the weight of the ear of grain by 3–6 % and 5–8 %, respectively. On this background, the application of biologicals provided an additional increase in yield within 9–15 %, as well as an increase in the number of productive stems and grain weight per head by 3–6 % and 5–8 %, respectively. The highest yield of winter wheat was provided by the combination of the stubble biodestructor Organic-Balance with the of seed and crop treatment with a multifunctional biologicals Organic-Balance on a non-fertilised background – 5.27 t/ha and on a mineral background – 6.79 t/ha due to high productive stem density and the highest grain weight per head. Conclusions. In the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe on the non-fertilised background and mineral background with N90Р60К60, the maximum grain yield of winter wheat grown after sunflower was obtained due to the combination of technological elements, including the application of stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals for seed and crop treatment. These eco-friendly elements have the potential to improve the winter wheat cultivation technology. Key words: winter wheat, fertilizer background, stubble biodestructor, multifunctional biologicals, productivity, grain quality
{"title":"Formation of the winter wheat yield depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"L. Kvasnitska, H. Voitova","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0263","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. In eco-friendly farming systems, the biologicals help to increase winter wheat productivity and improve grain quality. These include both stubble biodestructors that accelerate the return of nutrients from by-products to the soil and multifunctional biologicals with fertilising, growth-regulating and protective properties. Purpose. To determine the influence of the stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals under different fertilization backgrounds on the formation of individual plant productivity, yield and grain quality of winter wheat in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field method was used to study the interaction of the investigated factors on the plant growth and development, as well as and the winter wheat yield; quantitative-weight method – to determine the structure of the yield; mathematical and statistical method – to analyse the reliability of the obtained results. Results. It was established that the application of stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals had an impact on the formation of the winter wheat yield and provided an increase in the number of productive stems by 4–9 %, grain weight per head by 3–7 %, and yield by 8–17 % against the background without fertilizers. The application of N90Р60К60 resulted in an increase in the number of productive stems by 10 %, the grain weight per head by 14 %, and the yield by 31% compared to the background without fertiliser. The use of biological preparations against this background provided an additional increase in productivity in the range of 9–15 %, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of productive stems and the weight of the ear of grain by 3–6 % and 5–8 %, respectively. On this background, the application of biologicals provided an additional increase in yield within 9–15 %, as well as an increase in the number of productive stems and grain weight per head by 3–6 % and 5–8 %, respectively. The highest yield of winter wheat was provided by the combination of the stubble biodestructor Organic-Balance with the of seed and crop treatment with a multifunctional biologicals Organic-Balance on a non-fertilised background – 5.27 t/ha and on a mineral background – 6.79 t/ha due to high productive stem density and the highest grain weight per head. Conclusions. In the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe on the non-fertilised background and mineral background with N90Р60К60, the maximum grain yield of winter wheat grown after sunflower was obtained due to the combination of technological elements, including the application of stubble biodestructors and multifunctional biologicals for seed and crop treatment. These eco-friendly elements have the potential to improve the winter wheat cultivation technology. Key words: winter wheat, fertilizer background, stubble biodestructor, multifunctional biologicals, productivity, grain quality","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80327831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. As an important food crop, red lentils account for 70 % of gross consumption, and the demand for these lentils among consumers in Ukraine is constantly increasing, so it is important to develop and promote varieties of this species into production. Purpose. To create and evaluate a new initial material based on a set of economically valuable traits for the red lentil breeding. Methods. The research was conducted at the State Enterprise "Experimental Farm Krasnohradske" in the 2020–2022. The main method used for lentil breeding is intraspecific hybridization followed by individual selection in nurseries. Records and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results. Plant height of the most productive hybrids ranged from 47.0 to 56.5 cm. The coefficient of variation for this indicator was in the range of 6.4–10.8 %. The number of lateral branches in the studied samples was 5-18 pcs, the coefficient of variation ranged from 15.2 to 26.2 %. The highest number of beans per plant was in the following combinations: natural hybrid with CN 111395 – 281 pcs, and CN 111396 × (Stanka 2 × K. 1212) – 261 pcs on average, the coefficient of variation of this trait was within 32-45 %. Among the studied samples of red lentils, the number of full seeds per plant reached 520 pcs. The best combinations in terms of this indicator were Stanka 2 × K. 1212 with an average of 283 seeds and CN 111396 × (Stanka 2 × K. 1212) with an average of 275 seeds. The coefficient of variation for this indicator was quite high (36–52 %), depending on the combination. The grain weight per plant was 6.3–8.6 g. Еhe coefficient of variation of this trait was 46–51 %, which indicates a significant potential for the selection of highly productive lines. The high yielding combinations by grain weight per plant were hybrid combinations Stanka 2 × K. 1212; CN 111396 × (Stanka 2 × K. 1212). Conclusions. It was found that extreme growing conditions reduced both average and maximum values for all traits. Significant variation in the number of beans and seeds per plant as well as in the seed weight per plant was recorded. In the near future, the developed hybrid combinations are planned to be included in the breeding programme for new high-yielding red lentil varieties. Key words: lentil, variety, hybridization, cotyledons, yield, traits, hybrid combinations
时事性。作为一种重要的粮食作物，红扁豆占总消费量的70%，乌克兰消费者对这些扁豆的需求不断增加，因此开发和推广该物种的品种投入生产非常重要。目的。以一组具有经济价值的红扁豆育种性状为基础，创建和评价一种新的初始材料。方法。该研究于2020-2022年在国有企业“Krasnohradske实验农场”进行。小扁豆育种的主要方法是种内杂交，然后在苗圃中进行个体选择。根据普遍接受的方法进行记录和观察。结果。高产杂交种株高在47.0 ~ 56.5 cm之间。该指标的变异系数在6.4 ~ 10.8%之间。研究样本中侧枝数为5 ~ 18个，变异系数为15.2% ~ 26.2%。单株豆数最高的组合为天然杂交种111395 ~ 281个，平均111396 ×(斯坦卡2 × K. 1212) ~ 261个，变异系数在32 ~ 45%以内。在红扁豆的研究样本中，每株完整种子的数量达到520粒。该指标的最佳组合为斯坦卡2 × K. 1212，平均种子283粒，CN 111396 ×(斯坦卡2 × K. 1212)平均种子275粒。根据不同的组合，该指标的变异系数相当高(36 - 52%)。单株粒重为6.3 ~ 8.6 g， Еhe变异系数为46 ~ 51%，在选育高产品系方面具有较大潜力。单株粒重高产组合为杂交组合斯坦卡2 × K. 1212;CN 111396 × (Stanka 2 × K. 1212)。结论。结果表明，极端生长条件降低了所有性状的平均值和最大值。记录了每株豆子和种子数量以及每株种子重量的显著变化。在不久的将来，计划将开发的杂交组合列入新的高产红扁豆品种育种方案。关键词:扁豆，品种，杂交，子叶，产量，性状，组合
{"title":"Initial material for red lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) breeding","authors":"O. Kulinich","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0252","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. As an important food crop, red lentils account for 70 % of gross consumption, and the demand for these lentils among consumers in Ukraine is constantly increasing, so it is important to develop and promote varieties of this species into production. Purpose. To create and evaluate a new initial material based on a set of economically valuable traits for the red lentil breeding. Methods. The research was conducted at the State Enterprise \"Experimental Farm Krasnohradske\" in the 2020–2022. The main method used for lentil breeding is intraspecific hybridization followed by individual selection in nurseries. Records and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results. Plant height of the most productive hybrids ranged from 47.0 to 56.5 cm. The coefficient of variation for this indicator was in the range of 6.4–10.8 %. The number of lateral branches in the studied samples was 5-18 pcs, the coefficient of variation ranged from 15.2 to 26.2 %. The highest number of beans per plant was in the following combinations: natural hybrid with CN 111395 – 281 pcs, and CN 111396 × (Stanka 2 × K. 1212) – 261 pcs on average, the coefficient of variation of this trait was within 32-45 %. Among the studied samples of red lentils, the number of full seeds per plant reached 520 pcs. The best combinations in terms of this indicator were Stanka 2 × K. 1212 with an average of 283 seeds and CN 111396 × (Stanka 2 × K. 1212) with an average of 275 seeds. The coefficient of variation for this indicator was quite high (36–52 %), depending on the combination. The grain weight per plant was 6.3–8.6 g. Еhe coefficient of variation of this trait was 46–51 %, which indicates a significant potential for the selection of highly productive lines. The high yielding combinations by grain weight per plant were hybrid combinations Stanka 2 × K. 1212; CN 111396 × (Stanka 2 × K. 1212). Conclusions. It was found that extreme growing conditions reduced both average and maximum values for all traits. Significant variation in the number of beans and seeds per plant as well as in the seed weight per plant was recorded. In the near future, the developed hybrid combinations are planned to be included in the breeding programme for new high-yielding red lentil varieties. Key words: lentil, variety, hybridization, cotyledons, yield, traits, hybrid combinations","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83037236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. In light of the intensification of agriculture towards more rational utilisation of land resources and the growing season, given the importance of stubble and postcut fodder maize crops in fodder production and maize adaptability to the conditions of the Steppe zone, it is important to study the growth processes of maize under late sowing. Namely, the study of the influence of late sowing date on such traits as plant height and insertion height of the first productive ear for early ripening hybrids, the share of which in maize grain production is increasing. Purpose. To establish the most stable hybrid combinations by studying the variability of plant height and ear insertion height in early ripening maize hybrids under two sowing dates. Methods. Hybridization was used for developing hybrid material; laboratory and field method – to determine morphobiological traits of maize hybrids; measuring weight - to determine metric traits of plants; mathematical and statistical method – to determine the reliability of results, indicators of trait variability, and the correlation of traits. Results. The study of early ripening maize hybrids developed by crossing the most common germplasms under two sowing dates revealed that hybrids of heterotic models Iodent×Flint and Iodent×Mix had stably high values of the plant height trait at both sowing dates; hybrids of heterotic models Iodent×Flint and Iodent×Mix and Mix×Flint had stably high values of the insertion height of first productive ear at both sowing dates. Conclusions. We have identified the hybrid combinations DK4173SVZM×DK367, DK4172×DK367, MS381MV×DK367, MS555×DK367 (heterotic model Iodent×Mix), and DK4173SVZM×DK2073 (heterotic model Iodent×Flint), which were characterised by stably high values of the plant height trait, as well as the hybrid combinations DK4172×DK4538 (heterotic model Iodent×Flint), DK4172×DK367 (heterotic model Iodent×Mix), and DK2659×DK4538 (heterotic model Mix×Flint), which were characterised by stably high values of the insertion height of first productive ear at both sowing dates. The correlation between plant height and the ear insertion height of maize hybrids was confirmed for both sowing dates in all heterotic models studied. Key words: common maize, breeding, prematurity, plant height, ear insertion height, sowing dates, line, single-cross hybrids
{"title":"Variation of plant height and ear insertion height traits in short-season maize hybrids under the optimal and late sowing dates","authors":"M. Olkhovyk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0253","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. In light of the intensification of agriculture towards more rational utilisation of land resources and the growing season, given the importance of stubble and postcut fodder maize crops in fodder production and maize adaptability to the conditions of the Steppe zone, it is important to study the growth processes of maize under late sowing. Namely, the study of the influence of late sowing date on such traits as plant height and insertion height of the first productive ear for early ripening hybrids, the share of which in maize grain production is increasing. Purpose. To establish the most stable hybrid combinations by studying the variability of plant height and ear insertion height in early ripening maize hybrids under two sowing dates. Methods. Hybridization was used for developing hybrid material; laboratory and field method – to determine morphobiological traits of maize hybrids; measuring weight - to determine metric traits of plants; mathematical and statistical method – to determine the reliability of results, indicators of trait variability, and the correlation of traits. Results. The study of early ripening maize hybrids developed by crossing the most common germplasms under two sowing dates revealed that hybrids of heterotic models Iodent×Flint and Iodent×Mix had stably high values of the plant height trait at both sowing dates; hybrids of heterotic models Iodent×Flint and Iodent×Mix and Mix×Flint had stably high values of the insertion height of first productive ear at both sowing dates. Conclusions. We have identified the hybrid combinations DK4173SVZM×DK367, DK4172×DK367, MS381MV×DK367, MS555×DK367 (heterotic model Iodent×Mix), and DK4173SVZM×DK2073 (heterotic model Iodent×Flint), which were characterised by stably high values of the plant height trait, as well as the hybrid combinations DK4172×DK4538 (heterotic model Iodent×Flint), DK4172×DK367 (heterotic model Iodent×Mix), and DK2659×DK4538 (heterotic model Mix×Flint), which were characterised by stably high values of the insertion height of first productive ear at both sowing dates. The correlation between plant height and the ear insertion height of maize hybrids was confirmed for both sowing dates in all heterotic models studied. Key words: common maize, breeding, prematurity, plant height, ear insertion height, sowing dates, line, single-cross hybrids","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87111215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. In Ukraine, up to 5 million hectares of land were removed from agricultural crop rotation. These lands can be successfully used for bioenergy due to soil recultivation. They are represented by both ordinary soils contaminated with heavy metals and completely degraded alumina with high salinity. Issues. The land improvement aims to obtain biomass for the bioenergy industry, also to restore fertility, improve the ecological condition of the man-made region, and create new jobs. With proper use, considering all the above aspects, soils can gradually return to agricultural crop rota-tion. Aim. To study and select an initial material for the development of high-yield hybrids of sugar sorghum and broom millet for solid fuel production. Materials. Variety testing trials on sugar sorghum was carried out at the Synelnykove Breeding and Research Station, where 59 samples were examined, their yield was 23–79 t/ha. Results. We identified the promising hybrid combinations with the highest yield of green mass: F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) – 79.7 t/ha, and F1 (Dn71s x Karlykove 45) – 73.6 t/ha. The yield of samples F1 (Rannie 776s x Karlykove 45) and F1 (Yefremivske bile 2s x Karlykove 45) was slightly less, and amounted to 67.4 and 67.0 t/ha, respectively. According to the grain yield, the best samples were F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) –12.7 t/ha and F1 (A158 x Karlykove 45) – 9.0 t/ha. According to the yield of dry matter of green mass, it was stood out F1 (Yefremivske bile 2c x Karlykove 45) – 34.8 t/ha and F1 (Nyzkorosle 93c x Karlykove 45) – 33.5 t/ha. The highest sugar content was found in F1 (Nyzkorosle 93c x Krasen) – 17.3 %, F1 (Rannie 776s x Krasen) – 16.5 %, and F1 (Yefremivske bile 2c x Karlykove 45) – 16.4 %. The excess over the standard was 18 %. Conclusions. Therefore, high-yielding hybrids of sugar sorghum are the most economical and energetically expedient source of raw materials for the bioenergy industry. It was selected the bioenergy hybrid of F1 (Nizkorosle 93c x Karlykove 45), which favorably differs from the standard in productivity and manufacturability. Also, Karlykove 45 variety was selected as a pollinator for the development of hybrids for solid biofuel. Key words: sugar sorghum, bioenergy, solid fuel, fertile lines, yield, green mass.
{"title":"Рromising sorghum hybrids for solid fuel production","authors":"M. H. Nosov, O. Yalanskyi","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0204","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. In Ukraine, up to 5 million hectares of land were removed from agricultural crop rotation. These lands can be successfully used for bioenergy due to soil recultivation. They are represented by both ordinary soils contaminated with heavy metals and completely degraded alumina with high salinity. Issues. The land improvement aims to obtain biomass for the bioenergy industry, also to restore fertility, improve the ecological condition of the man-made region, and create new jobs. With proper use, considering all the above aspects, soils can gradually return to agricultural crop rota-tion. Aim. To study and select an initial material for the development of high-yield hybrids of sugar sorghum and broom millet for solid fuel production. Materials. Variety testing trials on sugar sorghum was carried out at the Synelnykove Breeding and Research Station, where 59 samples were examined, their yield was 23–79 t/ha. Results. We identified the promising hybrid combinations with the highest yield of green mass: F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) – 79.7 t/ha, and F1 (Dn71s x Karlykove 45) – 73.6 t/ha. The yield of samples F1 (Rannie 776s x Karlykove 45) and F1 (Yefremivske bile 2s x Karlykove 45) was slightly less, and amounted to 67.4 and 67.0 t/ha, respectively. According to the grain yield, the best samples were F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) –12.7 t/ha and F1 (A158 x Karlykove 45) – 9.0 t/ha. According to the yield of dry matter of green mass, it was stood out F1 (Yefremivske bile 2c x Karlykove 45) – 34.8 t/ha and F1 (Nyzkorosle 93c x Karlykove 45) – 33.5 t/ha. The highest sugar content was found in F1 (Nyzkorosle 93c x Krasen) – 17.3 %, F1 (Rannie 776s x Krasen) – 16.5 %, and F1 (Yefremivske bile 2c x Karlykove 45) – 16.4 %. The excess over the standard was 18 %. Conclusions. Therefore, high-yielding hybrids of sugar sorghum are the most economical and energetically expedient source of raw materials for the bioenergy industry. It was selected the bioenergy hybrid of F1 (Nizkorosle 93c x Karlykove 45), which favorably differs from the standard in productivity and manufacturability. Also, Karlykove 45 variety was selected as a pollinator for the development of hybrids for solid biofuel. Key words: sugar sorghum, bioenergy, solid fuel, fertile lines, yield, green mass.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75852408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. The economic crisis requires modern winter wheat cultivation technologies based on the principles of financial feasibility, energy saving and environmental safety. Issues. Changes in animal husbandry have led to the differentiation of fodder crops, which are used as predecessors of winter wheat. Now, other types of perennial legume grasses are grown along with its traditional predecessor meadow clover. However, it is necessary to carry out research and calculations due to the lack of results of the ecological, economic and bioenergy feasibility of non-traditional perennial legume grasses as predecessors of winter wheat. Aim. To investigate the indicators of ecological, economic and bioenergy efficiency of winter wheat cultivation after six species of perennial legume grasses as predecessors, such as meadow clover, alfalfa, sand esparcet, white sweet clover, bird's-foot-trefoil, eastern galega, and also after the maize for silage (control). Methods. Field studies with subsequent calculation of economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation based on technological charts and costs, as well as the energy efficiency of the technologies under study according to the methods of O.K. Medvedovskyi, P.I. Ivanenko and VASKHNIL were conducted. Results. The highest grain yield was 6.52 t/ha when winter wheat was cultivated after maize for silage with high rates of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. When winter wheat was cultivated after perennial legume grasses, the rates of mineral fertilizers and pesticides were significantly lower. Accordingly, the grain yield of winter wheat grown after perennial legume grasses was by 11.1–38.2 % lower than after silage maize, and it was 4.03–5.80 t/ha. The highest grain yield was observed after meadow clover, and the lowest – after bird's-foot-trefoil. The highest level of profitability (90.7 %) is provided by the cultivation of winter wheat after the predecessor meadow clover. When winter wheat was grown after such predecessors as meadow clover, white sweet clover, sand esparcet and eastern galega with limited rates of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, the level of profitability was 5.7–46.8 % higher than indicator for winter wheat after silage maize with high rates of mineral fertilizers and pesticides At the same time, winter wheat profitability after bird's-foot-trefoil and alfalfa equaled to the indicator for silage maize. Conclusions. The technology of winter wheat cultivation after meadow clover, which provided the highest energy coefficient 4.96, is the most profitable and the least energy-intensive. Key words: economic assessment, bioenergy assessment, cultivation technology, winter wheat, predecessors.
{"title":"Ecological, economic and bioenergy assessment of technologies for winter wheat cultivation after the perennial legume grasses","authors":"О. Tkachuk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0215","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The economic crisis requires modern winter wheat cultivation technologies based on the principles of financial feasibility, energy saving and environmental safety. Issues. Changes in animal husbandry have led to the differentiation of fodder crops, which are used as predecessors of winter wheat. Now, other types of perennial legume grasses are grown along with its traditional predecessor meadow clover. However, it is necessary to carry out research and calculations due to the lack of results of the ecological, economic and bioenergy feasibility of non-traditional perennial legume grasses as predecessors of winter wheat. Aim. To investigate the indicators of ecological, economic and bioenergy efficiency of winter wheat cultivation after six species of perennial legume grasses as predecessors, such as meadow clover, alfalfa, sand esparcet, white sweet clover, bird's-foot-trefoil, eastern galega, and also after the maize for silage (control). Methods. Field studies with subsequent calculation of economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation based on technological charts and costs, as well as the energy efficiency of the technologies under study according to the methods of O.K. Medvedovskyi, P.I. Ivanenko and VASKHNIL were conducted. Results. The highest grain yield was 6.52 t/ha when winter wheat was cultivated after maize for silage with high rates of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. When winter wheat was cultivated after perennial legume grasses, the rates of mineral fertilizers and pesticides were significantly lower. Accordingly, the grain yield of winter wheat grown after perennial legume grasses was by 11.1–38.2 % lower than after silage maize, and it was 4.03–5.80 t/ha. The highest grain yield was observed after meadow clover, and the lowest – after bird's-foot-trefoil. The highest level of profitability (90.7 %) is provided by the cultivation of winter wheat after the predecessor meadow clover. When winter wheat was grown after such predecessors as meadow clover, white sweet clover, sand esparcet and eastern galega with limited rates of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, the level of profitability was 5.7–46.8 % higher than indicator for winter wheat after silage maize with high rates of mineral fertilizers and pesticides At the same time, winter wheat profitability after bird's-foot-trefoil and alfalfa equaled to the indicator for silage maize. Conclusions. The technology of winter wheat cultivation after meadow clover, which provided the highest energy coefficient 4.96, is the most profitable and the least energy-intensive. Key words: economic assessment, bioenergy assessment, cultivation technology, winter wheat, predecessors.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80420079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Voloshchuk, O. P. Voloshchuk, V. Hlyva, M. Pashchak
Topicality. The efficiency of the grain production industry allows to provide the population with food and the state with currency. A significant place in the increase in the volume of grain crops is assigned to maize, which is in stable demand both in the domestic and foreign markets. Issues. Due to the lack of programs of grain maize breeding in the Western Forest-Steppe zone, it is necessary to purchase the hybrids and seed material in the originating institutions of the Central Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones. The choice of high-yield hybrids depends on their biological char-acteristics, effective use of soil and climatic conditions and positive response to the cultivation technology. Aim. To conduct a comprehensive and economic evaluation of maize hybrids depend-ing on the implementation of their genetic potential in the soil and climatic conditions of the West-ern Forest-Steppe and their response to the system of basic and foliar plant nutrition. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out during 2019–2021 on the fields of the Department of Seed Production and Seed Science at the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian region NAAS. We studied next maize hybrids: Pochaivskyi 190 MV, DN Meotyda, DN Khortytsia, Orzhytsia 237 MV (the originator – State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, Dnipro). Yield accounting was carried out by direct combining of experimental plots with subsequent weighing, and the obtained data was recalculated for standard grain moisture content. Processing statistical data - by analysis of variance (Excel, Statistica 6.0) according to V. A. Ushkarenko, R. A. Vozhehova, S. P. Golobo-rodko, S. V. Kokovikhin (2013), economic assessment – by the method of V. I. Boiko, E. M. Lebid, V. S. Rybka (2008). Results. The highest grain yield of maize hybrids (7.49 t/ha for early-ripening group and 7.62 t/ha for mid-early group) was obtained in 2019; in 2020, the grain yield was lowest – 7.07 and 7.22 t/ha, respectively. The highest yield of 7.68 t/ha was obtained for DN Meotyda hy-brid of the early ripening group, and 7.67 t/ha – for Orzhytsia 237 MV hybrid of the mid-early rip-ening group. Over the years of research, the variability of grain yield for the early ripening hybrids (FAO 100–199) ranged within 0.32–0.52 t/ha, for the mid-early ripening hybrids (FAO 200–299) – 0.22–0.35 t/ha. Pre-sowing seed treatment with chelated forms of microfertilizers was effective on gray forest surface-gley soils of the studied region with hard-to-reach forms of nutrients. Microferti-lizers used in pre-sowing seed treatment increased grain yield by 0.21–0.43 t/ha. Conclusions. The growth of economic indicators for farms of various forms of ownership in the Western Forest-Steppe zone is facilitated by the expansion of the range of simple linear maize hybrids of domestic selection. When growing ecologically plastic maize hybrids of different maturity groups (Pochaivskyi 190 MV, DN Meotyda, DN Khortytsia, Orzhytsia 237 MV), the pr
时事性。粮食生产行业的效率可以为人民提供食物，为国家提供货币。玉米在粮食作物产量增长中占有重要地位，在国内外市场上对玉米的需求都很稳定。问题。由于西部森林-草原区粮食玉米育种项目缺乏，需要在中部森林-草原区和草原区原产单位购买杂交种和种子材料。高产杂交种的选择取决于其生物学特性、对土壤和气候条件的有效利用以及对栽培技术的积极响应。的目标。根据玉米杂交品种在西部森林草原土壤和气候条件下的遗传潜力及其对植物基本营养和叶面营养系统的响应，对玉米杂交品种进行综合经济评价。材料和方法。这些研究于2019-2021年在喀尔巴阡地区国家农业科学院农业研究所种子生产和种子科学部的领域进行。我们研究了下一代玉米杂交种:Pochaivskyi 190 MV、DN Meotyda、DN Khortytsia、Orzhytsia 237 MV(始创者-国家农科院粮食作物研究所，第聂伯罗)。产量核算采用试验田与随后称重直接结合的方法，所得数据重新计算标准粮食含水率。根据V. A. Ushkarenko, R. A. Vozhehova, S. P. goloboo -rodko, S. V. Kokovikhin(2013)处理统计数据-通过方差分析(Excel, Statistica 6.0)，经济评估-采用V. I. Boiko, E. M. Lebid, V. S. Rybka(2008)的方法。结果。2019年玉米杂交种籽粒产量最高(早熟组7.49 t/ha，中早熟组7.62 t/ha);2020年产量最低，分别为7.07吨/公顷和7.22吨/公顷。早熟组DN Meotyda的产量最高，为7.68 t/ha，早熟组Orzhytsia 237 MV的产量最高，为7.67 t/ha。在多年的研究中，早熟杂交种(FAO 100-199)的籽粒产量变异性在0.32-0.52 t/ha之间，中早熟杂交种(FAO 200-299)的变异性在0.22-0.35 t/ha之间。在研究区域的灰色森林表层土壤中，施用螯合形式的微量肥料的播前种子处理是有效的。播前施微肥可使籽粒产量提高0.21 ~ 0.43 t/公顷。结论。西部森林-草原地带各种所有制农场经济指标的增长，得益于国内选择的简单线性玉米杂交品种范围的扩大。种植不同成熟度群体(Pochaivskyi 190 MV、DN Meotyda、DN Khortytsia、Orzhytsia 237 MV)的生态塑料玉米杂交种，籽粒生产收益率达到107.2 ~ 132.1%。播前用螯合微肥进行种子处理:Ora-cle种子(1.0 l/t)、Brexil Combi (0.5 kg/t)和Valagro EDTA Mix 5 (0.2 kg/t)，盈利能力提高了2.7 - 9.2%。在ВВСН 16-18期(6-8叶)和ВВСН 59期(抽雄期)施用1.5 l/ha Oracle Multicomplex微肥时，盈利指标比对照(无叶面饲喂)高出37.1% - 38.2%。当矿物肥施用量增加到N150P90K90时，早熟玉米杂交种(FAO 100-199，株密度为7.5万株/公顷)的籽粒生产盈利能力比N120P90K90高24.6 - 27.7%，中早熟玉米(FAO 200-299，株密度为8万株/公顷)的籽粒生产盈利能力比N120P90K90高17.4 - 20.7%。关键词:玉米;产量;微量肥料;
{"title":"Economic efficiency of maize grain production under various agrotechnical measures of cultivation","authors":"I. Voloshchuk, O. P. Voloshchuk, V. Hlyva, M. Pashchak","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0218","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The efficiency of the grain production industry allows to provide the population with food and the state with currency. A significant place in the increase in the volume of grain crops is assigned to maize, which is in stable demand both in the domestic and foreign markets. Issues. Due to the lack of programs of grain maize breeding in the Western Forest-Steppe zone, it is necessary to purchase the hybrids and seed material in the originating institutions of the Central Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones. The choice of high-yield hybrids depends on their biological char-acteristics, effective use of soil and climatic conditions and positive response to the cultivation technology. Aim. To conduct a comprehensive and economic evaluation of maize hybrids depend-ing on the implementation of their genetic potential in the soil and climatic conditions of the West-ern Forest-Steppe and their response to the system of basic and foliar plant nutrition. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out during 2019–2021 on the fields of the Department of Seed Production and Seed Science at the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian region NAAS. We studied next maize hybrids: Pochaivskyi 190 MV, DN Meotyda, DN Khortytsia, Orzhytsia 237 MV (the originator – State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, Dnipro). Yield accounting was carried out by direct combining of experimental plots with subsequent weighing, and the obtained data was recalculated for standard grain moisture content. Processing statistical data - by analysis of variance (Excel, Statistica 6.0) according to V. A. Ushkarenko, R. A. Vozhehova, S. P. Golobo-rodko, S. V. Kokovikhin (2013), economic assessment – by the method of V. I. Boiko, E. M. Lebid, V. S. Rybka (2008). Results. The highest grain yield of maize hybrids (7.49 t/ha for early-ripening group and 7.62 t/ha for mid-early group) was obtained in 2019; in 2020, the grain yield was lowest – 7.07 and 7.22 t/ha, respectively. The highest yield of 7.68 t/ha was obtained for DN Meotyda hy-brid of the early ripening group, and 7.67 t/ha – for Orzhytsia 237 MV hybrid of the mid-early rip-ening group. Over the years of research, the variability of grain yield for the early ripening hybrids (FAO 100–199) ranged within 0.32–0.52 t/ha, for the mid-early ripening hybrids (FAO 200–299) – 0.22–0.35 t/ha. Pre-sowing seed treatment with chelated forms of microfertilizers was effective on gray forest surface-gley soils of the studied region with hard-to-reach forms of nutrients. Microferti-lizers used in pre-sowing seed treatment increased grain yield by 0.21–0.43 t/ha. Conclusions. The growth of economic indicators for farms of various forms of ownership in the Western Forest-Steppe zone is facilitated by the expansion of the range of simple linear maize hybrids of domestic selection. When growing ecologically plastic maize hybrids of different maturity groups (Pochaivskyi 190 MV, DN Meotyda, DN Khortytsia, Orzhytsia 237 MV), the pr","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88846312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Grabovskyi, K. Pavlichenko, L. Kozak, L. Kachan
Topicality. Nowadays, the main purpose of agro-industrial complex and renewable energy is to increase the productivity of corn for grain and silage. For biogas production the proper selection of maize hybrids and energy assessment of their cultivation technology is needed. Issues. Optimization of technological methods and increasing the yield per area unit is one of the ways to improve the energy efficiency of crop production, including for the purposes of bioenergy. Energy analysis assists to compare energy consumption for growing crop and energy content in the obtained yield. Aim. To determine the influence of macro- and microfertilizers on the energy efficiency of growing maize hybrids for biogas production. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted in 2019–2021 in the “Poultry Farm Korobivsky" Andrushivka district of Zhytomyr region. In a three-factor experiment, it was studied maize hybrids: Amaroc, Bogatyr, KWS 381, Karifols; macrofertilizers, kg/ha: without fertilizers, N90Р60К60, N120Р90К90; microfertilizers: without application, YaraVita Teprosyn NP + Zn seed treatment (5 l/t) and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves stage with YaraVita Maize Boost (4 l/ha), seed treatment (0.15 kg/t) with YaraTera Tenso Cocktail and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves with Yara Vita Kombiphos (3 l/ha). Results. It was found that the biogas output for the mid-early maize hybrids Amaroc and Bogatyr was 9062.0–13716.3 m3/ha, and for the mid-ripening KWS 381 and Karifols was higher by 9.8–36.5 % (11635.3–15589.5 m3/ha). Biogas output was higher by 15.2–30.9 % and 1.8–3.6 % due to using macrofertilizers and microfertilizers compared to the variants without their application. There was no significant difference in biogas output between the second and third variants with microfertilizers. It was identified that energy efficiency ratio (Ke) increased for studied maize hybrids when N90Р60К60 and N120Р90К90 were applied. Conclusions. The highest biogas and energy output was 15589,5 m3/ha and 333,6 GJ/ha was obtained for the mid-ripening hybrid Karifols when pre-sowing seed treatment with YaraTera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t) and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves stage with YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha) were carried out on the background of N120Р90К90. In our opinion, for biogas production, the cultivation of Amaros, Bogatyr, KVS 381 and Carifols hybrids is more efficient when used pre-sowing seed treatment with Yara Tera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t) and spraying maize with YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha) in the 3–5 leaves stage without macrofertilizer application that provides the highest energy factor in the range of 7.7–9.3. Key words: biogas output, pre-sowing seed treatment, energy output, energy consumption, energy efficiency ratio.
{"title":"Energy efficiency of maize hybrids cultivation for biogas production with using macro- and microfertilizers","authors":"M. Grabovskyi, K. Pavlichenko, L. Kozak, L. Kachan","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0212","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Nowadays, the main purpose of agro-industrial complex and renewable energy is to increase the productivity of corn for grain and silage. For biogas production the proper selection of maize hybrids and energy assessment of their cultivation technology is needed. Issues. Optimization of technological methods and increasing the yield per area unit is one of the ways to improve the energy efficiency of crop production, including for the purposes of bioenergy. Energy analysis assists to compare energy consumption for growing crop and energy content in the obtained yield. Aim. To determine the influence of macro- and microfertilizers on the energy efficiency of growing maize hybrids for biogas production. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted in 2019–2021 in the “Poultry Farm Korobivsky\" Andrushivka district of Zhytomyr region. In a three-factor experiment, it was studied maize hybrids: Amaroc, Bogatyr, KWS 381, Karifols; macrofertilizers, kg/ha: without fertilizers, N90Р60К60, N120Р90К90; microfertilizers: without application, YaraVita Teprosyn NP + Zn seed treatment (5 l/t) and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves stage with YaraVita Maize Boost (4 l/ha), seed treatment (0.15 kg/t) with YaraTera Tenso Cocktail and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves with Yara Vita Kombiphos (3 l/ha). Results. It was found that the biogas output for the mid-early maize hybrids Amaroc and Bogatyr was 9062.0–13716.3 m3/ha, and for the mid-ripening KWS 381 and Karifols was higher by 9.8–36.5 % (11635.3–15589.5 m3/ha). Biogas output was higher by 15.2–30.9 % and 1.8–3.6 % due to using macrofertilizers and microfertilizers compared to the variants without their application. There was no significant difference in biogas output between the second and third variants with microfertilizers. It was identified that energy efficiency ratio (Ke) increased for studied maize hybrids when N90Р60К60 and N120Р90К90 were applied. Conclusions. The highest biogas and energy output was 15589,5 m3/ha and 333,6 GJ/ha was obtained for the mid-ripening hybrid Karifols when pre-sowing seed treatment with YaraTera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t) and spraying maize in the 3–5 leaves stage with YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha) were carried out on the background of N120Р90К90. In our opinion, for biogas production, the cultivation of Amaros, Bogatyr, KVS 381 and Carifols hybrids is more efficient when used pre-sowing seed treatment with Yara Tera Tenso Cocktail (0.15 kg/t) and spraying maize with YaraVita Kombiphos (3 l/ha) in the 3–5 leaves stage without macrofertilizer application that provides the highest energy factor in the range of 7.7–9.3. Key words: biogas output, pre-sowing seed treatment, energy output, energy consumption, energy efficiency ratio.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75287996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. One of the conditions to increase stably the soft winter wheat yield is plant breeding with high plasticity and resistance to adverse environmental factors, pests and diseases. Issues. Development of new high-yielding varieties with higher resistance to adverse weather conditions is important to increase crop produc-tivity. Aim. To create the initial material and high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat in conditions of insuffi-cient soil moisture in the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The research was conducted according to B. Dospekhov's method of field experience. The research was conducted in the 2017–2020 on the SE Research Farm Zaboishchyk of Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station NAAS at the Rozlyv village, Volnovakha district, Donetsk region. The field trials were conducted in the selective crop rotation of the Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station. The predecessors were black fallow and corn for grain. Research methods: hybridological, field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods. Results. According to the research results, it was found that the 77 numbers selected from hybrid combinations were left in the control nursery for further study. Among them were three numbers hk 363, hk 353, hk 403 which largest exceeded the standard by 14.1–19.7%. There are 42 numbers studied in a small competitive variety trial. It was determined that 15 hybrid combinations were the best than the standard (Donetska 48 variety) by 0.03–1.57 t/ha. In the competitive variety trial, 21 winter wheat cultivars after black fallow, and 25 cultivars after maize for silage were studied. According to yield, the best hybrid combinations after fallow were hk 4, hk 863/2, hk 716/1, which exceeded the standard Donetsk 48 by 0.41–0.51 t/ha, and after maize for silage, the best hybrid combinations were hk 321, hk 363, hk 318, in which the increase to the standard yield was 0.39-0.47 t/ha. According to the grain yield, the best varieties in the ecological variety trial were Bohynia, Popeliushka, Dyvo donetske, Oberih Myronivskyi, Yuzovska, Ihrysta, Peremoha, Patriotka, which exceeded the Donetsk 48 standard variety by 0.35-0.68 t/ha. Conclusions. It was determined that the development of new high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat will increase productivity due to their adaptability for growing conditions in the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine. According to the analysis of the research results, the steppe ecotype varieties demonstrate a significant advantage on all the studied indicators; they better realize their genetic potential in specific soil and climatic conditions. Key words: breeding, winter wheat, hybridization, variety, yield.
{"title":"Development of high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"R. Vyskub, H. Chuhrii, O. Bondareva","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0202","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. One of the conditions to increase stably the soft winter wheat yield is plant breeding with high plasticity and resistance to adverse environmental factors, pests and diseases. Issues. Development of new high-yielding varieties with higher resistance to adverse weather conditions is important to increase crop produc-tivity. Aim. To create the initial material and high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat in conditions of insuffi-cient soil moisture in the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The research was conducted according to B. Dospekhov's method of field experience. The research was conducted in the 2017–2020 on the SE Research Farm Zaboishchyk of Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station NAAS at the Rozlyv village, Volnovakha district, Donetsk region. The field trials were conducted in the selective crop rotation of the Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station. The predecessors were black fallow and corn for grain. Research methods: hybridological, field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods. Results. According to the research results, it was found that the 77 numbers selected from hybrid combinations were left in the control nursery for further study. Among them were three numbers hk 363, hk 353, hk 403 which largest exceeded the standard by 14.1–19.7%. There are 42 numbers studied in a small competitive variety trial. It was determined that 15 hybrid combinations were the best than the standard (Donetska 48 variety) by 0.03–1.57 t/ha. In the competitive variety trial, 21 winter wheat cultivars after black fallow, and 25 cultivars after maize for silage were studied. According to yield, the best hybrid combinations after fallow were hk 4, hk 863/2, hk 716/1, which exceeded the standard Donetsk 48 by 0.41–0.51 t/ha, and after maize for silage, the best hybrid combinations were hk 321, hk 363, hk 318, in which the increase to the standard yield was 0.39-0.47 t/ha. According to the grain yield, the best varieties in the ecological variety trial were Bohynia, Popeliushka, Dyvo donetske, Oberih Myronivskyi, Yuzovska, Ihrysta, Peremoha, Patriotka, which exceeded the Donetsk 48 standard variety by 0.35-0.68 t/ha. Conclusions. It was determined that the development of new high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat will increase productivity due to their adaptability for growing conditions in the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine. According to the analysis of the research results, the steppe ecotype varieties demonstrate a significant advantage on all the studied indicators; they better realize their genetic potential in specific soil and climatic conditions. Key words: breeding, winter wheat, hybridization, variety, yield.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79841666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. The of the growing season is the main breeding trait, which determines the practical use of the initial material of popcorn in a particular agroclimatic zone. Thus, so the differentiation of samples on this trait is important and relevant. Issues. Most methods for determining FAO index of popcorn lines and hybrids (Zea Mays L.) are based on the standard with a certain maturity group, while for maize (Zea Mays L. everta Sturt.) such standards are not available. Purpose. To determine the FAO index of new popcorn lines on three indicators: the number of leaves per a plant, the effective temperature sum during the growing season, and the growing season duration. Materials and Methods. The initial material was 46 popcorn lines in S5, which were developed in the Food Maize Breeding Laboratory at the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. The field trials were carried out at the Synelnykove Breeding and Research Station during 2020–2021. The FAO index of popcorn lines was determined according to Adryushchenko and Kryvytsky’s method. Results. We have determined the growing season duration of new popcorn lines according to the FAO classification by three indicators: the number of leaves per a plant, the effective temperatures sum during the growing season and the number of days until full ripening. Conclusions. It was noted that the indicator values that determine the maturity group of S5 popcorn lines can vary with growing conditions. Therefore, when only one indicator is used, we cannot obtain the accurate results. It is possible to reliably identify the maturity groups of initial material by the means of the proposed method of FAO determination on three indicators. Based on the results of the research, the new popcorn lines were divided into 3 groups. It was found that the mid-early ripening group (FAO 240-250) includes 4 lines in S5 - IKR 2-1, IKR 11-9, RV 3 and RV 1; to the mid-ripening group (FAO 320-390) – 32 lines in S5, including RR1, RR11, RS 13, RB 3, RK 43, RK 32, IKR 11-3, etc.; to the mid-late ripening group (FAO 400 - 410) - 10 lines in S5, including RV 18, RV 11, RP 61, RS 3, RV 6, etc.. It is proposed to select the lines of mid-early and mid-ripening groups for developing the new popcorn hybrids with full-value food popcorn grain. The formed working collection includes 80.4 % of samples of these maturity groups. Key words: breeding, popcorn, line, FAO maturity index, growing season, effective temperature sum.
{"title":"Determination of the growing season duration of popcorn lines (Zea Mays L. everta Sturt.) according to the FAO classification","authors":"D. S. Kuprichenkov","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0203","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The of the growing season is the main breeding trait, which determines the practical use of the initial material of popcorn in a particular agroclimatic zone. Thus, so the differentiation of samples on this trait is important and relevant. Issues. Most methods for determining FAO index of popcorn lines and hybrids (Zea Mays L.) are based on the standard with a certain maturity group, while for maize (Zea Mays L. everta Sturt.) such standards are not available. Purpose. To determine the FAO index of new popcorn lines on three indicators: the number of leaves per a plant, the effective temperature sum during the growing season, and the growing season duration. Materials and Methods. The initial material was 46 popcorn lines in S5, which were developed in the Food Maize Breeding Laboratory at the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. The field trials were carried out at the Synelnykove Breeding and Research Station during 2020–2021. The FAO index of popcorn lines was determined according to Adryushchenko and Kryvytsky’s method. Results. We have determined the growing season duration of new popcorn lines according to the FAO classification by three indicators: the number of leaves per a plant, the effective temperatures sum during the growing season and the number of days until full ripening. Conclusions. It was noted that the indicator values that determine the maturity group of S5 popcorn lines can vary with growing conditions. Therefore, when only one indicator is used, we cannot obtain the accurate results. It is possible to reliably identify the maturity groups of initial material by the means of the proposed method of FAO determination on three indicators. Based on the results of the research, the new popcorn lines were divided into 3 groups. It was found that the mid-early ripening group (FAO 240-250) includes 4 lines in S5 - IKR 2-1, IKR 11-9, RV 3 and RV 1; to the mid-ripening group (FAO 320-390) – 32 lines in S5, including RR1, RR11, RS 13, RB 3, RK 43, RK 32, IKR 11-3, etc.; to the mid-late ripening group (FAO 400 - 410) - 10 lines in S5, including RV 18, RV 11, RP 61, RS 3, RV 6, etc.. It is proposed to select the lines of mid-early and mid-ripening groups for developing the new popcorn hybrids with full-value food popcorn grain. The formed working collection includes 80.4 % of samples of these maturity groups. Key words: breeding, popcorn, line, FAO maturity index, growing season, effective temperature sum.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88364539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. The level of genetic yield potential and adaptive properties of modern bread winter wheat varieties at this stage of breeding development is at a fairly high level. So breeding, improve-ment of bread winter wheat is becoming increasingly difficult. For this purpose, the creation and identification of new genetic sources of valuable traits and creation of genetic diversity, evaluation and selection of desired genotypes is extremely relevant. Issues. Introduction of alien translocations into the gene pool of bread winter wheat can serve as one of such sources of new original genetic material. However, the effects of these translocations are manifested to varying degrees depending on the genetic environment of hybrids and agroclimatic conditions of genotype selection. Aim. To compare the changes in the yield of recombinant lines and plant productivity elements based on their drought and heat tolerance depending on their genetic effects of wheat-rye translocations (WRT) 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS. To determine the use effectiveness of each WRT in order to create more perfect varieties of bread winter wheat under the conditions of soil-air drought in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. In 2010-2020, field trials were carried out on the Institute’s fields on the by black fallow as the annual predecessor with the optimal agricultural background for breeding work. During the analysis of experimental data, all changes in meteorological conditions over the years of research were taken into account. In general, weather conditions were arid, which is typical for the Steppe zone. The studies of 112 lines (9.2 %) were carried out in the Department of Genetic Basis of Breeding of the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute at the National Center of Seeds and Cultivar In-vestigation led by A. I. Rybalka, the rest 1093 lines (90.8 %) were studied in the Institute of Plant Pro-tection NAAS led by N. A. Kozub and I. O. Sozinov. The material of competitive variety trials was tested on the presence of translocations and their state by DNA markers in the Department of General and Molecular Genetics of the the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute at the National Center of Seeds and Cultivar Investigation led by V. I. Fait. Mathematical processing and analysis of the study results were performed using the methods of B. A. Dospekhov and P. F. Rokitskyi, and with Microsoft Excel 2007. Results. It was established that genetic effects of the most widespread in the world breeding practice wheat-rye translocations 1АL.1RS and 1ВL.1RS are considerably modified by features of their interaction in genetic environment and depending on agroclimatic conditions of growing introgressive genotypes. The positive effect of 1AL.1RS on the yield, total and productive tillering, and head productivity elements was significantly revealed due to simultaneous positive effect of translocation on drought and heat tolerance of plants. As a result of complete breeding cycle, a s
时事性。现代面包冬小麦品种在本育种发展阶段的遗传产量潜力和适应性水平处于较高水平。因此，面包冬小麦的育种、改良变得越来越困难。为此，创造和鉴定有价值性状的新遗传来源，创造遗传多样性，评估和选择所需的基因型是非常重要的。问题。将外来易位引入面包冬小麦基因库可以作为新的原始遗传物质的来源之一。然而，这些易位的影响在不同程度上取决于杂交种的遗传环境和基因型选择的农业气候条件。的目标。比较小麦-黑麦易位(WRT) 1AL遗传效应对重组品系和基于耐旱性和耐热性的植物生产力要素产量的影响。1RS和1bl, 1RS。确定各WRT的利用效率，以便在乌克兰草原地区土壤-空气干旱条件下创造更完美的面包冬小麦品种。材料与方法。2010-2020年，在具有最佳农业背景的育种工作年度前身的黑休耕地上进行了田间试验。在分析实验数据时，考虑了研究多年来气象条件的所有变化。总的来说，天气条件是干旱的，这是典型的草原地区。112个(9.2%)系在A. I. Rybalka领导的国家种子和品种调查中心植物育种遗传研究所育种遗传基础部进行研究，其余1093个(90.8%)系在N. A. Kozub和I. O. Sozinov领导的NAAS植物保护研究所进行研究。在美国国家种子与品种研究中心植物育种与遗传研究所普通与分子遗传学系，采用DNA标记对竞争品种试验材料的易位存在及其状态进行了测试。采用b.a. Dospekhov和p.f. Rokitskyi的方法，并使用Microsoft Excel 2007对研究结果进行数学处理和分析。结果。经证实，遗传效应在世界上最广泛的育种实践是小麦-黑麦易位1АL。1RS和1ВL。遗传环境和生长渐渗基因型的农业气候条件决定了它们相互作用的特点。1AL的积极作用。1RS对产量、总分蘖和有效分蘖以及抽穗生产力要素的影响是显著的，这是由于转运同时对植物的耐旱性和耐热性产生了积极影响。通过完整的育种周期，以1AL为原料培育了一系列面包冬小麦品种。1RS，如Zhytnytsia Odeska, Oktava Odeska, Liha Odeska, Duma Odeska, Versiia Odeska，根据站和州品种测试，这些品种的产量提高了10 - 15%。这些品种已在乌克兰和摩尔多瓦国家登记册中列出。结论。wrt1al的使用。1RS是面包冬小麦进一步育种的前景，并在国家种子和品种调查中心的植物育种和遗传学研究所作为乌克兰南部干旱条件下面包冬小麦品种改良的下一阶段之一。使用1ВL。1RS在该地区的小麦育种中是不太有希望的方法，但不排除与高度适应的地方品种有利组合获得积极结果的可能性。关键词:面包冬小麦，重组品系，产量，小麦-黑麦易位1RS和1bl, 1RS。
{"title":"Influence of wheat-rye translocations on yield and productivity elements of soft winter wheat in southern Ukraine","authors":"M. Lytvynenko, Ye. А. Holub, Yaroslav Fanin","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0205","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The level of genetic yield potential and adaptive properties of modern bread winter wheat varieties at this stage of breeding development is at a fairly high level. So breeding, improve-ment of bread winter wheat is becoming increasingly difficult. For this purpose, the creation and identification of new genetic sources of valuable traits and creation of genetic diversity, evaluation and selection of desired genotypes is extremely relevant. Issues. Introduction of alien translocations into the gene pool of bread winter wheat can serve as one of such sources of new original genetic material. However, the effects of these translocations are manifested to varying degrees depending on the genetic environment of hybrids and agroclimatic conditions of genotype selection. Aim. To compare the changes in the yield of recombinant lines and plant productivity elements based on their drought and heat tolerance depending on their genetic effects of wheat-rye translocations (WRT) 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS. To determine the use effectiveness of each WRT in order to create more perfect varieties of bread winter wheat under the conditions of soil-air drought in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. In 2010-2020, field trials were carried out on the Institute’s fields on the by black fallow as the annual predecessor with the optimal agricultural background for breeding work. During the analysis of experimental data, all changes in meteorological conditions over the years of research were taken into account. In general, weather conditions were arid, which is typical for the Steppe zone. The studies of 112 lines (9.2 %) were carried out in the Department of Genetic Basis of Breeding of the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute at the National Center of Seeds and Cultivar In-vestigation led by A. I. Rybalka, the rest 1093 lines (90.8 %) were studied in the Institute of Plant Pro-tection NAAS led by N. A. Kozub and I. O. Sozinov. The material of competitive variety trials was tested on the presence of translocations and their state by DNA markers in the Department of General and Molecular Genetics of the the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute at the National Center of Seeds and Cultivar Investigation led by V. I. Fait. Mathematical processing and analysis of the study results were performed using the methods of B. A. Dospekhov and P. F. Rokitskyi, and with Microsoft Excel 2007. Results. It was established that genetic effects of the most widespread in the world breeding practice wheat-rye translocations 1АL.1RS and 1ВL.1RS are considerably modified by features of their interaction in genetic environment and depending on agroclimatic conditions of growing introgressive genotypes. The positive effect of 1AL.1RS on the yield, total and productive tillering, and head productivity elements was significantly revealed due to simultaneous positive effect of translocation on drought and heat tolerance of plants. As a result of complete breeding cycle, a s","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90727008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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