Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00622-9
Kenneth Getz, Zachary Smith, Emily Botto, Elisabeth Murphy, Arnaud Dauchy
The Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development (Tufts CSDD) conducted a follow-up study in 2022 to assess trends in protocol amendment experiences and the impact amendments have had on clinical trial performance, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixteen pharmaceutical companies and contract research organizations provided data on 950 protocols and 2188 amendments. The results show that, since 2015, the prevalence of protocols with at least one amendment in phases I-IV has increased substantially (from 57 to 76%) and the mean number of amendments per protocol has increased 60% to 3.3, up from 2.1. Phase I and III protocols saw the highest increases in the mean number of amendments implemented per protocol. A much higher percentage of amendments-77%-were deemed unavoidable with regulatory agency requests and changes to the study strategy as the top reasons cited for amending a protocol. The total average duration to implement an amendment has nearly tripled during the past decade. The time from identifying the need-to-amend to last oversight approval now takes an average of 260 days and the mean duration during which investigative sites operate with different versions of the clinical trial protocol spans 215 days. Protocols that implemented at least one amendment were more effective at increasing patient screening volume and reducing the actual number of patients enrolled relative to plan. Lastly, the prevalence of protocols with at least one amendment and mean number of amendments was significantly higher for protocols conducted during the pandemic.
{"title":"New Benchmarks on Protocol Amendment Practices, Trends and their Impact on Clinical Trial Performance.","authors":"Kenneth Getz, Zachary Smith, Emily Botto, Elisabeth Murphy, Arnaud Dauchy","doi":"10.1007/s43441-024-00622-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43441-024-00622-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development (Tufts CSDD) conducted a follow-up study in 2022 to assess trends in protocol amendment experiences and the impact amendments have had on clinical trial performance, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixteen pharmaceutical companies and contract research organizations provided data on 950 protocols and 2188 amendments. The results show that, since 2015, the prevalence of protocols with at least one amendment in phases I-IV has increased substantially (from 57 to 76%) and the mean number of amendments per protocol has increased 60% to 3.3, up from 2.1. Phase I and III protocols saw the highest increases in the mean number of amendments implemented per protocol. A much higher percentage of amendments-77%-were deemed unavoidable with regulatory agency requests and changes to the study strategy as the top reasons cited for amending a protocol. The total average duration to implement an amendment has nearly tripled during the past decade. The time from identifying the need-to-amend to last oversight approval now takes an average of 260 days and the mean duration during which investigative sites operate with different versions of the clinical trial protocol spans 215 days. Protocols that implemented at least one amendment were more effective at increasing patient screening volume and reducing the actual number of patients enrolled relative to plan. Lastly, the prevalence of protocols with at least one amendment and mean number of amendments was significantly higher for protocols conducted during the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":23084,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1007/s43441-023-00608-z
Rong Tang, Wei-Chen Chen, Heng Li, Nelson Lu, Yu Zhao
In this note, we express our viewpoint regarding power considerations, via simulation studies, in clinical study design using hierarchical composite endpoint and Finkelstein-Schoenfeld test.
{"title":"The Finkelstein-Schoenfeld Test: A Note on Some Overlooked Issues Concerning Power.","authors":"Rong Tang, Wei-Chen Chen, Heng Li, Nelson Lu, Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s43441-023-00608-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43441-023-00608-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this note, we express our viewpoint regarding power considerations, via simulation studies, in clinical study design using hierarchical composite endpoint and Finkelstein-Schoenfeld test.</p>","PeriodicalId":23084,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00617-6
Annett Keller, Nathalie van Borrendam, Patrice Benner, Steven Gilbert, Stefano Saino, Debra Jendrasek, Steve Young, Marcus Muli, Jim Wang, Marta Kozińska, Jun Liu
The past years have sharpened the industry's understanding of a Quality by Design (QbD) approach toward clinical trials. Using QbD encourages designing quality into a trial during the planning phase. The identification of Critical to Quality (CtQs) factors and specifically Critical Data and Processes (CD&Ps) is key to such a risk-based monitoring approach. A variable that allows monitoring the evolution of risk regarding the CD&Ps is called a Quality Tolerance Limit (QTL) parameter. These parameters are linked to the scientific question(s) of a trial and may identify the issues that can jeopardize the integrity of trial endpoints. This paper focuses on defining what QTL parameters are and providing general guidance on setting thresholds for these parameters allowing for the derivation of an acceptable range of the risk.
{"title":"Quality Tolerance Limits: A General Guidance for Parameter Selection and Threshold Setting.","authors":"Annett Keller, Nathalie van Borrendam, Patrice Benner, Steven Gilbert, Stefano Saino, Debra Jendrasek, Steve Young, Marcus Muli, Jim Wang, Marta Kozińska, Jun Liu","doi":"10.1007/s43441-024-00617-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43441-024-00617-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past years have sharpened the industry's understanding of a Quality by Design (QbD) approach toward clinical trials. Using QbD encourages designing quality into a trial during the planning phase. The identification of Critical to Quality (CtQs) factors and specifically Critical Data and Processes (CD&Ps) is key to such a risk-based monitoring approach. A variable that allows monitoring the evolution of risk regarding the CD&Ps is called a Quality Tolerance Limit (QTL) parameter. These parameters are linked to the scientific question(s) of a trial and may identify the issues that can jeopardize the integrity of trial endpoints. This paper focuses on defining what QTL parameters are and providing general guidance on setting thresholds for these parameters allowing for the derivation of an acceptable range of the risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23084,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-16DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00618-5
Abigail Dirks, Maria Florez, Francois Torche, Steve Young, Brian Slizgi, Kenneth Getz
Background: Risk-based monitoring (RBM) and risk-based quality management (RBQM) offer a compelling approach to increase efficiency, speed and quality in clinical trials by prioritizing and mitigating risks related to essential safety and efficacy data. Since 2013, the FDA and EMA have encouraged the use of RBM/RBQM, however adoption has been slow with limited understanding of the barriers to adoption.
Methods: The Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development conducted an online survey among pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and contract research organizations and gathered 206 responses on 32 distinct RBQM practices.
Results: On average, companies implemented RBQM in 57% of their clinical trials. Lower levels of adoption were observed among companies conducting fewer than 25 trials annually (48%) compared to those conducting more than 100 trials annually (63%). Primary barriers to adoption include lack of organizational knowledge and awareness, mixed perceptions of the value proposition of RBQM, and poor change management planning and execution. Insights into improving the level of adoption are discussed.
{"title":"Comprehensive Assessment of Risk-Based Quality Management Adoption in Clinical Trials.","authors":"Abigail Dirks, Maria Florez, Francois Torche, Steve Young, Brian Slizgi, Kenneth Getz","doi":"10.1007/s43441-024-00618-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43441-024-00618-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Risk-based monitoring (RBM) and risk-based quality management (RBQM) offer a compelling approach to increase efficiency, speed and quality in clinical trials by prioritizing and mitigating risks related to essential safety and efficacy data. Since 2013, the FDA and EMA have encouraged the use of RBM/RBQM, however adoption has been slow with limited understanding of the barriers to adoption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development conducted an online survey among pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and contract research organizations and gathered 206 responses on 32 distinct RBQM practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, companies implemented RBQM in 57% of their clinical trials. Lower levels of adoption were observed among companies conducting fewer than 25 trials annually (48%) compared to those conducting more than 100 trials annually (63%). Primary barriers to adoption include lack of organizational knowledge and awareness, mixed perceptions of the value proposition of RBQM, and poor change management planning and execution. Insights into improving the level of adoption are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23084,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139747465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00627-4
Kelly H Zou, Chelsea Vigna, Aniketh Talwai, Rahul Jain, Aaron Galaznik, Marc L Berger, Jim Z Li
Conducting clinical trials (CTs) has become increasingly costly and complex in terms of designing and operationalizing. These challenges exist in running CTs on novel therapies, particularly in oncology and rare diseases, where CTs increasingly target narrower patient groups. In this study, we describe external control arms (ECA) and other relevant tools, such as virtualization and decentralized clinical trials (DCTs), and the ability to follow the clinical trial subjects in the real world using tokenization. ECAs are typically constructed by identifying appropriate external sources of data, then by cleaning and standardizing it to create an analysis-ready data file, and finally, by matching subjects in the external data with the subjects in the CT of interest. In addition, ECA tools also include subject-level meta-analysis and simulated subjects' data for analyses. By implementing the recent advances in digital health technologies and devices, virtualization, and DCTs, realigning of CTs from site-centric designs to virtual, decentralized, and patient-centric designs can be done, which reduces the patient burden to participate in the CTs and encourages diversity. Tokenization technology allows linking the CT data with real-world data (RWD), creating more comprehensive and longitudinal outcome measures. These tools provide robust ways to enrich the CT data for informed decision-making, reduce the burden on subjects and costs of trial operations, and augment the insights gained for the CT data.
{"title":"The Next Horizon of Drug Development: External Control Arms and Innovative Tools to Enrich Clinical Trial Data.","authors":"Kelly H Zou, Chelsea Vigna, Aniketh Talwai, Rahul Jain, Aaron Galaznik, Marc L Berger, Jim Z Li","doi":"10.1007/s43441-024-00627-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43441-024-00627-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conducting clinical trials (CTs) has become increasingly costly and complex in terms of designing and operationalizing. These challenges exist in running CTs on novel therapies, particularly in oncology and rare diseases, where CTs increasingly target narrower patient groups. In this study, we describe external control arms (ECA) and other relevant tools, such as virtualization and decentralized clinical trials (DCTs), and the ability to follow the clinical trial subjects in the real world using tokenization. ECAs are typically constructed by identifying appropriate external sources of data, then by cleaning and standardizing it to create an analysis-ready data file, and finally, by matching subjects in the external data with the subjects in the CT of interest. In addition, ECA tools also include subject-level meta-analysis and simulated subjects' data for analyses. By implementing the recent advances in digital health technologies and devices, virtualization, and DCTs, realigning of CTs from site-centric designs to virtual, decentralized, and patient-centric designs can be done, which reduces the patient burden to participate in the CTs and encourages diversity. Tokenization technology allows linking the CT data with real-world data (RWD), creating more comprehensive and longitudinal outcome measures. These tools provide robust ways to enrich the CT data for informed decision-making, reduce the burden on subjects and costs of trial operations, and augment the insights gained for the CT data.</p>","PeriodicalId":23084,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1007/s43441-023-00610-5
Michael Torok, Leslie Sam, Jennifer Hebert
The International Council on Harmonisation E8 Guidance Revision 1 (ICH E8(R1)) calls for creating a Culture of Quality that "values and rewards critical thinking and open, proactive dialogue about what is critical to quality." Across the biopharma landscape, clinical sites, sponsors, and service providers are working to translate this far-reaching guideline into working practices. This manuscript deconstructs key elements that comprise the critical thinking and open, proactive Culture of Quality "enablers." In addition, maturity models are provided so readers can visualize what a Culture of Quality looks like in their clinical research organization. These provide examples of high performing cultures of quality and useful tools for teams or organizations to measure and evolve their respective quality cultures.
{"title":"Translating a Culture of Quality to Clinical Research Conduct: Expanding the Clinical Development Quality Framework.","authors":"Michael Torok, Leslie Sam, Jennifer Hebert","doi":"10.1007/s43441-023-00610-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43441-023-00610-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Council on Harmonisation E8 Guidance Revision 1 (ICH E8(R1)) calls for creating a Culture of Quality that \"values and rewards critical thinking and open, proactive dialogue about what is critical to quality.\" Across the biopharma landscape, clinical sites, sponsors, and service providers are working to translate this far-reaching guideline into working practices. This manuscript deconstructs key elements that comprise the critical thinking and open, proactive Culture of Quality \"enablers.\" In addition, maturity models are provided so readers can visualize what a Culture of Quality looks like in their clinical research organization. These provide examples of high performing cultures of quality and useful tools for teams or organizations to measure and evolve their respective quality cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23084,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00613-w
Sylviane de Viron, Laura Trotta, William Steijn, Steve Young, Marc Buyse
Background: Central monitoring aims at improving the quality of clinical research by pro-actively identifying risks and remediating emerging issues in the conduct of a clinical trial that may have an adverse impact on patient safety and/or the reliability of trial results. This paper, focusing on statistical data monitoring (SDM), is the second of a series that attempts to quantify the impact of central monitoring in clinical trials.
Material and methods: Quality improvement was assessed in studies using SDM from a single large central monitoring platform. The analysis focused on a total of 1111 sites that were identified as at-risk by the SDM tests and for which the study teams conducted a follow-up investigation. These sites were taken from 159 studies conducted by 23 different clinical development organizations (including both sponsor companies and contract research organizations). Two quality improvement metrics were assessed for each selected site, one based on a site data inconsistency score (DIS, overall -log10 P-value of the site compared with all other sites) and the other based on the observed metric value associated with each risk signal.
Results: The SDM quality metrics showed improvement in 83% (95% CI, 80-85%) of the sites across therapeutic areas and study phases (primarily phases 2 and 3). In contrast, only 56% (95% CI, 41-70%) of sites showed improvement in 2 historical studies that did not use SDM during study conduct.
Conclusion: The results of this analysis provide clear quantitative evidence supporting the hypothesis that the use of SDM in central monitoring is leading to improved quality in clinical trial conduct and associated data across participating sites.
{"title":"Does Central Statistical Monitoring Improve Data Quality? An Analysis of 1,111 Sites in 159 Clinical Trials.","authors":"Sylviane de Viron, Laura Trotta, William Steijn, Steve Young, Marc Buyse","doi":"10.1007/s43441-024-00613-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43441-024-00613-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Central monitoring aims at improving the quality of clinical research by pro-actively identifying risks and remediating emerging issues in the conduct of a clinical trial that may have an adverse impact on patient safety and/or the reliability of trial results. This paper, focusing on statistical data monitoring (SDM), is the second of a series that attempts to quantify the impact of central monitoring in clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Quality improvement was assessed in studies using SDM from a single large central monitoring platform. The analysis focused on a total of 1111 sites that were identified as at-risk by the SDM tests and for which the study teams conducted a follow-up investigation. These sites were taken from 159 studies conducted by 23 different clinical development organizations (including both sponsor companies and contract research organizations). Two quality improvement metrics were assessed for each selected site, one based on a site data inconsistency score (DIS, overall -log<sub>10</sub> P-value of the site compared with all other sites) and the other based on the observed metric value associated with each risk signal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SDM quality metrics showed improvement in 83% (95% CI, 80-85%) of the sites across therapeutic areas and study phases (primarily phases 2 and 3). In contrast, only 56% (95% CI, 41-70%) of sites showed improvement in 2 historical studies that did not use SDM during study conduct.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this analysis provide clear quantitative evidence supporting the hypothesis that the use of SDM in central monitoring is leading to improved quality in clinical trial conduct and associated data across participating sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":23084,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00624-7
Gaia Geraci, Robert Smith, Alison Hansford, Eric Johnsson, Helen Critchley, Lama Abi Khaled, Laura King, Michelle Cheng, Tanja Colin, Tse Siang Kang
The Access Consortium New Active Substance Work-Sharing Initiative, or "Access" for simplicity, allows regulatory authorities (RAs) of the Access Consortium countries to jointly review applications for the registration of new active substances or for new indications. Using a survey developed by the pharmaceutical industry trade associations of the five Access Consortium countries-Australia, Canada, Singapore, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK)-this study gathered insights into the perceptions and experiences of the Access pathway held by affiliates of pharmaceutical companies. Understanding industry perceptions of Access is important for the success of the initiative, as participation is voluntary. Findings indicate that affiliates who participated in Access had mostly positive experiences with this pathway; most affiliates were satisfied with their interactions with the Access RAs and appeared willing to continue to participate in the initiative. Affiliates' reasons for not having yet participated in Access included a lack of opportunity to do so and perceived barriers, such as the Access pathway being too complicated to manage. Recommendations to improve Access cover six key areas: ensure predictability, increase guidance and transparency, streamline processes, maintain flexibility, increase harmonization, and advance RA-industry cooperation. This study should facilitate informed discussions among relevant stakeholders on how to improve Access to maximize efficiencies, accelerate approvals, and improve patient access to innovative medicines.
准入联盟新活性物质工作共享倡议"(Access Consortium New Active Substance Work-Sharing Initiative),简称 "准入"(Access),允许准入联盟国家的监管机构(RAs)联合审查新活性物质或新适应症的注册申请。本研究利用澳大利亚、加拿大、新加坡、瑞士和英国这五个准入联盟国家的制药行业协会制定的一项调查,收集了制药公司附属机构对准入途径的看法和经验。由于参与是自愿的,因此了解行业对 "准入 "的看法对该计划的成功非常重要。调查结果表明,参与 "准入 "计划的关联公司对这一途径大多有积极的体验;大多数关联公司对他们与 "准入 "注册专家的互动感到满意,并且似乎愿意继续参与该计划。尚未参与 "进入 "计划的附属机构的原因包括缺乏机会和认为存在障碍,例如 "进入 "计划的管理过于复杂。改进 "准入 "的建议涵盖六个关键领域:确保可预测性、增加指导和透明度、简化流程、保持灵活性、加强协调以及推进 RA 行业合作。这项研究应有助于相关利益方就如何改进 "可及性 "进行知情讨论,以最大限度地提高效率、加快审批速度并改善患者对创新药物的可及性。
{"title":"Industry Perceptions and Experiences with the Access Consortium New Active Substance Work-Sharing Initiative (NASWSI): Survey Results and Recommendations.","authors":"Gaia Geraci, Robert Smith, Alison Hansford, Eric Johnsson, Helen Critchley, Lama Abi Khaled, Laura King, Michelle Cheng, Tanja Colin, Tse Siang Kang","doi":"10.1007/s43441-024-00624-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43441-024-00624-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Access Consortium New Active Substance Work-Sharing Initiative, or \"Access\" for simplicity, allows regulatory authorities (RAs) of the Access Consortium countries to jointly review applications for the registration of new active substances or for new indications. Using a survey developed by the pharmaceutical industry trade associations of the five Access Consortium countries-Australia, Canada, Singapore, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK)-this study gathered insights into the perceptions and experiences of the Access pathway held by affiliates of pharmaceutical companies. Understanding industry perceptions of Access is important for the success of the initiative, as participation is voluntary. Findings indicate that affiliates who participated in Access had mostly positive experiences with this pathway; most affiliates were satisfied with their interactions with the Access RAs and appeared willing to continue to participate in the initiative. Affiliates' reasons for not having yet participated in Access included a lack of opportunity to do so and perceived barriers, such as the Access pathway being too complicated to manage. Recommendations to improve Access cover six key areas: ensure predictability, increase guidance and transparency, streamline processes, maintain flexibility, increase harmonization, and advance RA-industry cooperation. This study should facilitate informed discussions among relevant stakeholders on how to improve Access to maximize efficiencies, accelerate approvals, and improve patient access to innovative medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23084,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140065922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00623-8
Fernanda Lacerda da Silva Machado, Martín Cañás, Martín A Urtasun, Gustavo H Marín, Flavia Caixeta Albuquerque, Lisa Pont, Irma Convertino, Marco Bonaso, Marco Tuccori, Ursula Kirchmayer, Luciane Cruz Lopes
Background: Biosimilar medicines are defined as biological products highly similar to an already licensed biological product (RP). The market entry of biosimilars is expected to reduce the costs of biological treatments.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the range of differences between the prices of biosimilars and the corresponding RP for biologicals approved in four countries.
Method: This is a cross-national comparison of pricing of biosimilars in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, and Italy. The study examined online price databases provided by the national authorities of the investigated countries. Biosimilar price difference was calculated by subtracting the unit price of the biosimilar by the unit price of the RP, and then dividing it by the unit price of the RP. The results were presented as percentage.
Results: Brazil had the highest median price reduction (- 36.3%) in biosimilars price, followed by Italy (- 20.0%) and Argentina (- 18.6%). All the biosimilars in Italy were priced below the RP presenting a minimum reduction of 6.3%, while in Australia, most of the prices of biosimilars were equal to the RP. In Argentina, one infliximab-biosimilar displayed price above the RP (40.7%) while the lower priced brand had a reduction of 14.4%. Brazil had four biosimilars with prices above the respective RP, including isophane insulin (1), insulin glargine (1) and somatropin (2).
Conclusion: The study revealed a marked dispersion in the price's differences between biosimilars and RP across the studied countries. Governments should evaluate whether their policies have been successful in improving affordability of biological therapies.
背景:生物仿制药是指与已获许可的生物制品(RP)高度相似的生物制品。生物仿制药进入市场有望降低生物治疗的成本:本研究旨在评估生物仿制药价格与四个国家批准的相应生物制品 RP 之间的差异范围:本研究对阿根廷、澳大利亚、巴西和意大利的生物仿制药定价进行了跨国比较。研究考察了调查国家的国家主管部门提供的在线价格数据库。生物仿制药价格差异的计算方法是将生物仿制药的单价减去研究用药的单价,再除以研究用药的单价。结果以百分比表示:结果:巴西的生物仿制药价格下降中位数最高(-36.3%),其次是意大利(-20.0%)和阿根廷(-18.6%)。意大利所有生物仿制药的价格都低于零售价,最低降幅为 6.3%,而在澳大利亚,大多数生物仿制药的价格都与零售价持平。在阿根廷,一种英夫利昔单抗生物类似药的价格高于参考值(40.7%),而价格较低的品牌则降低了 14.4%。巴西有四种生物仿制药的价格高于各自的零售价,包括异芬胰岛素(1)、格列奈胰岛素(1)和索马托品(2):这项研究表明,在所研究的国家中,生物仿制药与原研药之间的价格差异非常明显。各国政府应评估其政策是否成功地提高了生物疗法的可负担性。
{"title":"A Cross-National Comparison of Biosimilars Pricing in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, and Italy.","authors":"Fernanda Lacerda da Silva Machado, Martín Cañás, Martín A Urtasun, Gustavo H Marín, Flavia Caixeta Albuquerque, Lisa Pont, Irma Convertino, Marco Bonaso, Marco Tuccori, Ursula Kirchmayer, Luciane Cruz Lopes","doi":"10.1007/s43441-024-00623-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43441-024-00623-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biosimilar medicines are defined as biological products highly similar to an already licensed biological product (RP). The market entry of biosimilars is expected to reduce the costs of biological treatments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the range of differences between the prices of biosimilars and the corresponding RP for biologicals approved in four countries.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This is a cross-national comparison of pricing of biosimilars in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, and Italy. The study examined online price databases provided by the national authorities of the investigated countries. Biosimilar price difference was calculated by subtracting the unit price of the biosimilar by the unit price of the RP, and then dividing it by the unit price of the RP. The results were presented as percentage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brazil had the highest median price reduction (- 36.3%) in biosimilars price, followed by Italy (- 20.0%) and Argentina (- 18.6%). All the biosimilars in Italy were priced below the RP presenting a minimum reduction of 6.3%, while in Australia, most of the prices of biosimilars were equal to the RP. In Argentina, one infliximab-biosimilar displayed price above the RP (40.7%) while the lower priced brand had a reduction of 14.4%. Brazil had four biosimilars with prices above the respective RP, including isophane insulin (1), insulin glargine (1) and somatropin (2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed a marked dispersion in the price's differences between biosimilars and RP across the studied countries. Governments should evaluate whether their policies have been successful in improving affordability of biological therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23084,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}