Pub Date : 1982-05-23DOI: 10.1109/VTC.1982.1622998
C. Walter, M. Kong, D. Mullenhoff
An instrumentation system and computer program were developed that allow the U.S. Postal Service to determine which postal routes are suitable for electric delivery vehicles. The instrumentation system provides route data. The route data and electric vehicle characteristics are used in the computer program to calculate vehicle energy and power requirements for the particular route. The performance characteristics of electric vehicles are contained in an input data file to the computer program. The instrumentation system is designed for use during normal mail delivery with gasoline-powered vehicles. The system is powered by the vehicle battery. Minimum operator interaction and inexpensive maintenance-free sensors are featured in the design. Route grade is determined from a pendulum measurement corrected for vehicle acceleration. Acceleration is determined from a measurement of the distance traveled. The value of road grade obtained in this manner is in excellent agreement with civil survey data. The distance transducer utilizes an electro-optical sensor and a rotating disk driven by the speedometer gear to provide a resolution of 3 mm. A microprocessor provides timing and data management. Data are recorded on a cassette tape. The instrumentation system is compact and readily installed or removed in a "survey" delivery vehicle. Calibration requirements are minimal. Since postal delivery routes are closed, i.e., they begin and end at the same location (elevation), the bias error in initial orientation of the pendulum can be reduced to zero during data reduction. After the tape is inserted by the operator at the beginning of a run, and identification information is keyed in, data are automatically recorded in 50-s blocks. If the vehicle is not in motion during a data block period, no data are recorded for that period. Route data on the cassette tape are reduced in subroutine CARAIN which converts the binary data to engineering plots of time, speed, acceleration, road grade, and elevation vs distance. The program CARA determines whether a specific electric vehicle can complete the route, subject to energy and power limitations. Output plots of battery power and battery state of charge vs time are provided. If battery power or motor torque limitations are exceeded, this fact is noted, but otherwise disregarded, as the calculation proceeds to the end of the route or to a set minimum value of battery state of charge. Battery state of charge is determined by a first-order-system method developed at Purdue University; the results compare well with battery test data. CARA was validated by comparing performance predictions with test data obtained with electric postal delivery vehicles. Acceptance test results indicate that a useful route profile analysis system has been developed.
{"title":"Route profile analysis to determine suitability of electric postal delivery vehicles","authors":"C. Walter, M. Kong, D. Mullenhoff","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1982.1622998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1982.1622998","url":null,"abstract":"An instrumentation system and computer program were developed that allow the U.S. Postal Service to determine which postal routes are suitable for electric delivery vehicles. The instrumentation system provides route data. The route data and electric vehicle characteristics are used in the computer program to calculate vehicle energy and power requirements for the particular route. The performance characteristics of electric vehicles are contained in an input data file to the computer program. The instrumentation system is designed for use during normal mail delivery with gasoline-powered vehicles. The system is powered by the vehicle battery. Minimum operator interaction and inexpensive maintenance-free sensors are featured in the design. Route grade is determined from a pendulum measurement corrected for vehicle acceleration. Acceleration is determined from a measurement of the distance traveled. The value of road grade obtained in this manner is in excellent agreement with civil survey data. The distance transducer utilizes an electro-optical sensor and a rotating disk driven by the speedometer gear to provide a resolution of 3 mm. A microprocessor provides timing and data management. Data are recorded on a cassette tape. The instrumentation system is compact and readily installed or removed in a \"survey\" delivery vehicle. Calibration requirements are minimal. Since postal delivery routes are closed, i.e., they begin and end at the same location (elevation), the bias error in initial orientation of the pendulum can be reduced to zero during data reduction. After the tape is inserted by the operator at the beginning of a run, and identification information is keyed in, data are automatically recorded in 50-s blocks. If the vehicle is not in motion during a data block period, no data are recorded for that period. Route data on the cassette tape are reduced in subroutine CARAIN which converts the binary data to engineering plots of time, speed, acceleration, road grade, and elevation vs distance. The program CARA determines whether a specific electric vehicle can complete the route, subject to energy and power limitations. Output plots of battery power and battery state of charge vs time are provided. If battery power or motor torque limitations are exceeded, this fact is noted, but otherwise disregarded, as the calculation proceeds to the end of the route or to a set minimum value of battery state of charge. Battery state of charge is determined by a first-order-system method developed at Purdue University; the results compare well with battery test data. CARA was validated by comparing performance predictions with test data obtained with electric postal delivery vehicles. Acceptance test results indicate that a useful route profile analysis system has been developed.","PeriodicalId":230854,"journal":{"name":"32nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129366220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-05-23DOI: 10.1109/VTC.1982.1623045
P. Mabey
We analyse the range and throughput of mobile data systems which use the binary data format which the UK Home Office and EEA have chosen as a "preferred" scheme. The analysis takes account of retransmission protocol, a distributed vehicle fleet, and both moving and stationary vehicles. It is shown that the data format enables a good throughput and an adequate range.
{"title":"Predicting the range and throughput of mobile data systems","authors":"P. Mabey","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1982.1623045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1982.1623045","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse the range and throughput of mobile data systems which use the binary data format which the UK Home Office and EEA have chosen as a \"preferred\" scheme. The analysis takes account of retransmission protocol, a distributed vehicle fleet, and both moving and stationary vehicles. It is shown that the data format enables a good throughput and an adequate range.","PeriodicalId":230854,"journal":{"name":"32nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129977637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-05-23DOI: 10.1109/VTC.1982.1623001
H. Turnage, W. Dorsey
The U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has for several years been concerned with the development of rural communications between roadway and motorist. An early result of this effort is highway advisory radio (HAR) which allows the motorist to tune the automobile's AM receiver to designated low-power stations for traffic information. The FHWA is now sponsoring the development of a fully automatic highway advisory radio (AHAR). A "review, analysis and design" phase has been completed in which prior and ongoing HAR were reviewed, alternative concepts for providing HAR were evaluated, and a design for an engineering model was drawn up. The engineering model, which is currently being fabricated, will permit a comparison of two modes of operation: (1) "real-time" transmission of analog audio and (2) time-compressed, or "burst" transmission of digital data with speech synthesis performed at the receiver. A prototype system using one of these modes is planned for use in a pilot demonstration in which approximately 100 volunteer motorists may participate.
{"title":"Development of automatic highway advisory radio","authors":"H. Turnage, W. Dorsey","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1982.1623001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1982.1623001","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has for several years been concerned with the development of rural communications between roadway and motorist. An early result of this effort is highway advisory radio (HAR) which allows the motorist to tune the automobile's AM receiver to designated low-power stations for traffic information. The FHWA is now sponsoring the development of a fully automatic highway advisory radio (AHAR). A \"review, analysis and design\" phase has been completed in which prior and ongoing HAR were reviewed, alternative concepts for providing HAR were evaluated, and a design for an engineering model was drawn up. The engineering model, which is currently being fabricated, will permit a comparison of two modes of operation: (1) \"real-time\" transmission of analog audio and (2) time-compressed, or \"burst\" transmission of digital data with speech synthesis performed at the receiver. A prototype system using one of these modes is planned for use in a pilot demonstration in which approximately 100 volunteer motorists may participate.","PeriodicalId":230854,"journal":{"name":"32nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132090787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-05-23DOI: 10.1109/VTC.1982.1623029
T. Kikuchi, T. Nishigaichi, K. Kaneko
Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation (NTT) has developed an 800 MHz band high capacity land mobile communications system and put it into service in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya. This system, which is similar to AMPS, employs in-band tone signalling in voice channels. It is essential for tone-signalling system to detect tone (control) signals from voice signals correctly. Therefore, it can be said that tone signalling system is not capable enough to add new signals for optional services such as "Hooking signal for call-waiting service", etc. In order to add new signals, NTT has developed the fully digitalized signalling system which has been realized with low cost and high reliability, and evaluated the performance of this system in Nagoya area.
{"title":"Improved digital signalling on land mobile communication system","authors":"T. Kikuchi, T. Nishigaichi, K. Kaneko","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1982.1623029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1982.1623029","url":null,"abstract":"Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation (NTT) has developed an 800 MHz band high capacity land mobile communications system and put it into service in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya. This system, which is similar to AMPS, employs in-band tone signalling in voice channels. It is essential for tone-signalling system to detect tone (control) signals from voice signals correctly. Therefore, it can be said that tone signalling system is not capable enough to add new signals for optional services such as \"Hooking signal for call-waiting service\", etc. In order to add new signals, NTT has developed the fully digitalized signalling system which has been realized with low cost and high reliability, and evaluated the performance of this system in Nagoya area.","PeriodicalId":230854,"journal":{"name":"32nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"648 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132096214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-05-23DOI: 10.1109/VTC.1982.1623038
Y. Kinoshita, M. Hikita, M. Toya, T. Toyama, Y. Fujiwara
Low loss SAW(Surface Acoustic Wave) filters have been developed to use in the radio freqency circuits of the mobile telephone transceiver[1]. Both the UHF (800 MHz) and VHF(90 MHz) band pass filters have exhibited high performance[2,3,4], and the employment of the SAW filters has shown advantages to UHF/VHF circuit integration for mass production.
{"title":"Low loss and high performance SAW filters for 800 MHz mobile telephone transceiver","authors":"Y. Kinoshita, M. Hikita, M. Toya, T. Toyama, Y. Fujiwara","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1982.1623038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1982.1623038","url":null,"abstract":"Low loss SAW(Surface Acoustic Wave) filters have been developed to use in the radio freqency circuits of the mobile telephone transceiver[1]. Both the UHF (800 MHz) and VHF(90 MHz) band pass filters have exhibited high performance[2,3,4], and the employment of the SAW filters has shown advantages to UHF/VHF circuit integration for mass production.","PeriodicalId":230854,"journal":{"name":"32nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116269215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-05-23DOI: 10.1109/VTC.1982.1623032
W.B. Bryson
The assignment of the 800 MHz frequencies has brought into sharper focus the long standing requirement for omnidirectional coverage from base station antennas that are not individually mounted at the top of a dedicated tower. The cellular and trunking systems with their large number of channels at any one site must, with present state of the art transmitter combiners, use more than one transmit antenna. Since each tower has only one top; the requirement to place several antennas there becomes evident. Figures are presented illustrating the variation in pattern and gain caused by this multiplicity of antennas mounted in such candelabra arrangements of two, three and five antennas. The spacing of the antennas varies from less than two wavelengths to greater than seven wavelengths in these tower top clusters. In the past, existing large broadcast towers have been utilized as antenna mounting locations: 800 MHz systems will be no different. The top of these towers are generally not available for land mobile antennas as they are occupied by TV or FM broadcast stations. As a result, side mounting becomes absolutely necessary. The tower may be many wavelengths in width at the antenna mounting elevation. The patterns resulting from side mounting antennas on these large structures as well as smaller structures are shown.
{"title":"Antenna systems for 800 MHz","authors":"W.B. Bryson","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1982.1623032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1982.1623032","url":null,"abstract":"The assignment of the 800 MHz frequencies has brought into sharper focus the long standing requirement for omnidirectional coverage from base station antennas that are not individually mounted at the top of a dedicated tower. The cellular and trunking systems with their large number of channels at any one site must, with present state of the art transmitter combiners, use more than one transmit antenna. Since each tower has only one top; the requirement to place several antennas there becomes evident. Figures are presented illustrating the variation in pattern and gain caused by this multiplicity of antennas mounted in such candelabra arrangements of two, three and five antennas. The spacing of the antennas varies from less than two wavelengths to greater than seven wavelengths in these tower top clusters. In the past, existing large broadcast towers have been utilized as antenna mounting locations: 800 MHz systems will be no different. The top of these towers are generally not available for land mobile antennas as they are occupied by TV or FM broadcast stations. As a result, side mounting becomes absolutely necessary. The tower may be many wavelengths in width at the antenna mounting elevation. The patterns resulting from side mounting antennas on these large structures as well as smaller structures are shown.","PeriodicalId":230854,"journal":{"name":"32nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127257355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-05-23DOI: 10.1109/VTC.1982.1623053
D. Haberman
This paper presents a design solution to the problem of how to maintain synchronization between redundant microprocessor control systems controlling a fully automated transit passenger vehicle. This design allows redundant systems to make sequential calculations and perform disparity checking on each other's data in a close coupled synchronized manner. Also, the integrity of certain calculations using sensor input data often requires the clock frequency to be maintained within a close tolerance of its specified frequency for accurate calculations. This system detects frequency out-of-tolerance conditions and hardware failures in the timing and checking circuits and initiates a safe response when they occur.
{"title":"Fail-safe synchronization of redundant microprocessor control systems","authors":"D. Haberman","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1982.1623053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1982.1623053","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design solution to the problem of how to maintain synchronization between redundant microprocessor control systems controlling a fully automated transit passenger vehicle. This design allows redundant systems to make sequential calculations and perform disparity checking on each other's data in a close coupled synchronized manner. Also, the integrity of certain calculations using sensor input data often requires the clock frequency to be maintained within a close tolerance of its specified frequency for accurate calculations. This system detects frequency out-of-tolerance conditions and hardware failures in the timing and checking circuits and initiates a safe response when they occur.","PeriodicalId":230854,"journal":{"name":"32nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127878583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-05-23DOI: 10.1109/VTC.1982.1623059
R. Inigo, E. McVey
This paper discusses problems in image processing, pattern recognition and control associated with the guidance and control of automated surface vehicles. An overview of work done by others is presented first. This is followed by a discussion on obstacle detection and avoidance methods and a description of existing and specially developed algorithms to be applied to guidance. A brief description is presented of the model to be used for the discrete control of the dynamic system. It is needed to determine such things as the optimal control law and most important, it allows calculation of the necessary sampling rate for stability which is the time available for real time computation between samples. Navigation is a complicated problem which may make use of stored information about the highway. Guidance and safety are problems which must be solved in real time under widely variable weather, seasonal and road conditions. Its complete solution will require a relatively long time, but some useful results may be obtained in the near future.
{"title":"Machine vision applied to vehicle guidance and safety","authors":"R. Inigo, E. McVey","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1982.1623059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1982.1623059","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses problems in image processing, pattern recognition and control associated with the guidance and control of automated surface vehicles. An overview of work done by others is presented first. This is followed by a discussion on obstacle detection and avoidance methods and a description of existing and specially developed algorithms to be applied to guidance. A brief description is presented of the model to be used for the discrete control of the dynamic system. It is needed to determine such things as the optimal control law and most important, it allows calculation of the necessary sampling rate for stability which is the time available for real time computation between samples. Navigation is a complicated problem which may make use of stored information about the highway. Guidance and safety are problems which must be solved in real time under widely variable weather, seasonal and road conditions. Its complete solution will require a relatively long time, but some useful results may be obtained in the near future.","PeriodicalId":230854,"journal":{"name":"32nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124418259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-05-23DOI: 10.1109/VTC.1982.1623025
I.A.W. Vance
A new miniature pager is described which employs a completely integrated vhf receiver. The radio system is described together with the other component parts of the pager. It is shown that a substantial size reduction has been made whilst keeping full wide-area specifications.
{"title":"Miniature pager with novel receiver on-a-chip","authors":"I.A.W. Vance","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1982.1623025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1982.1623025","url":null,"abstract":"A new miniature pager is described which employs a completely integrated vhf receiver. The radio system is described together with the other component parts of the pager. It is shown that a substantial size reduction has been made whilst keeping full wide-area specifications.","PeriodicalId":230854,"journal":{"name":"32nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129869825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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