Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-262-268
T. Epishina
ntroduction. The ability of pesticides to circulate in environmental objects (water, air, soil) and their presence in agricultural products cause the possibility of their chronic adverse effects on a living organism. The aim of the study was to study the effect of a new technical product of the chloroacetamide class (TPH) on the parameters of acute oral toxicity (LD50) and long–term effects of action (embryotoxicity and teratogenicity), the establishment of a hazard class. Material and methods. In accordance with the set goal in the biological testing laboratory (vivarium) of the FSUE “FNTSG named after F.F. Studies were conducted on the effect of a new technical product of the chloroacetamide class on the parameters of acute oral toxicity (LD50) in male rats, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in pregnant rats. Hazard classes are established according to the methodological recommendations (MP No. 1.2.0235–21). Previously, studies in this volume have not been conducted. Results. Results. It was found that the acute oral toxicity (LD50) of the studied compound is at the level of > 2000 mg/kg of body weight. According to the results of the long-term effect, it was revealed that the inactive dose (NOEL) for the mother was set at the level of 1/15 LD50 and NOEL for 1/5 LD50 fetuses (embryotoxicity, teratogenicity). Limitations related to the analysis of the results of experimental data on the study of long-term effects (embryotoxicity and teratogenicity) of the pesticide without taking into account the carcinogenic effect on the body of warm-blooded (rats) as a result of exposure to a new technical product of the chloroacetamide class. Conclusion. The studied technical product of the chloroacetamide class according to the hygienic classification of pesticides and agrochemicals by the degree of dangerity1 by acute oral toxicity (LD50) and by the long-term effects of action (embryotoxicity and teratogenicity) carried out on rodents (rats, males and females) refers to low-hazard compounds (hazard class 4).
{"title":"The effect of a new technical product of the chloroacetamide class on the parameters of acute oral toxicity and long-term effects on the body of rats","authors":"T. Epishina","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-262-268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-262-268","url":null,"abstract":"ntroduction. The ability of pesticides to circulate in environmental objects (water, air, soil) and their presence in agricultural products cause the possibility of their chronic adverse effects on a living organism. \u0000The aim of the study was to study the effect of a new technical product of the chloroacetamide class (TPH) on the parameters of acute oral toxicity (LD50) and long–term effects of action (embryotoxicity and teratogenicity), the establishment of a hazard class. \u0000Material and methods. In accordance with the set goal in the biological testing laboratory (vivarium) of the FSUE “FNTSG named after F.F. Studies were conducted on the effect of a new technical product of the chloroacetamide class on the parameters of acute oral toxicity (LD50) in male rats, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in pregnant rats. Hazard classes are established according to the methodological recommendations (MP No. 1.2.0235–21). Previously, studies in this volume have not been conducted. \u0000Results. Results. It was found that the acute oral toxicity (LD50) of the studied compound is at the level of > 2000 mg/kg of body weight. According to the results of the long-term effect, it was revealed that the inactive dose (NOEL) for the mother was set at the level of 1/15 LD50 and NOEL for 1/5 LD50 fetuses (embryotoxicity, teratogenicity). \u0000Limitations related to the analysis of the results of experimental data on the study of long-term effects (embryotoxicity and teratogenicity) of the pesticide without taking into account the carcinogenic effect on the body of warm-blooded (rats) as a result of exposure to a new technical product of the chloroacetamide class. \u0000Conclusion. The studied technical product of the chloroacetamide class according to the hygienic classification of pesticides and agrochemicals by the degree of dangerity1 by acute oral toxicity (LD50) and by the long-term effects of action (embryotoxicity and teratogenicity) carried out on rodents (rats, males and females) refers to low-hazard compounds (hazard class 4).","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"9 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78333159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-255-261
S. Kuznetsov, A. H. Lodyagin, Bair Vasil’evich Batotsyrenov, V. L. Reinuk, Andrej Georgievich Sinenchenko, Bogdan Sergeevich Litvincev, Alexandra Alexandrovna Kuznetsova, Nadezhda Anatol’evna Kirsanova
Introduction. The article considers the issues of identification of unknown patients admitted to toxicological medical hospitals on the example of a case from practice. The aim of the study was to develop an effective way to solve the main problem of the lack of information about the identity of a significant part of patients with a toxicological profile during their stay in the hospital until discharge. Material and methods. Based on the described practical case, a new highly effective method of identifying unknown patients with a toxicological profile, implemented using forensic DNA analysis, is proposed and tested. Results. As promising ways to improve interdepartmental cooperation in relation to the identification of unidentified living persons who have been admitted with acute poisoning, an algorithm for transmitting selected DNA samples to the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on a system streaming basis is described. Limitations. Further verification of DNA samples according to the Federal Database of Genomic Information is carried out by the Ministry of Internal Affairs independently through the regional Forensic Centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, followed by informing the administration of the medical institution. Conclusion. The results obtained within the framework of this study demonstrate the high efficiency of establishing the identity of toxicological patients staying in medical hospitals as unknown persons, which represents a direct economic benefit for the healthcare system in the form of an increase in the proportion of patients paid for by territorial health insurance funds.
{"title":"New opportunities for effective identification of unknown toxicological patients (a case from practice)","authors":"S. Kuznetsov, A. H. Lodyagin, Bair Vasil’evich Batotsyrenov, V. L. Reinuk, Andrej Georgievich Sinenchenko, Bogdan Sergeevich Litvincev, Alexandra Alexandrovna Kuznetsova, Nadezhda Anatol’evna Kirsanova","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-255-261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-255-261","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article considers the issues of identification of unknown patients admitted to toxicological medical hospitals on the example of a case from practice. The aim of the study was to develop an effective way to solve the main problem of the lack of information about the identity of a significant part of patients with a toxicological profile during their stay in the hospital until discharge. \u0000Material and methods. Based on the described practical case, a new highly effective method of identifying unknown patients with a toxicological profile, implemented using forensic DNA analysis, is proposed and tested. \u0000Results. As promising ways to improve interdepartmental cooperation in relation to the identification of unidentified living persons who have been admitted with acute poisoning, an algorithm for transmitting selected DNA samples to the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on a system streaming basis is described. \u0000Limitations. Further verification of DNA samples according to the Federal Database of Genomic Information is carried out by the Ministry of Internal Affairs independently through the regional Forensic Centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, followed by informing the administration of the medical institution. \u0000Conclusion. The results obtained within the framework of this study demonstrate the high efficiency of establishing the identity of toxicological patients staying in medical hospitals as unknown persons, which represents a direct economic benefit for the healthcare system in the form of an increase in the proportion of patients paid for by territorial health insurance funds.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84607959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-214-225
Khalidya Khizbulaevna Khamidulina, Elena Vladimirovna Tarasova, Andrey Konstantinovich Nazarenko, D. N. Rabikova, A. S. Proskurina
Introduction. In accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 11, 2019 No. 97 “On the basis of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical and biological safety” until 2025 and beyond” the priority areas include monitoring chemical and biological risks, improving regulatory framework and public administration. In terms of improving legal regulation and public administration, development and application of documents that provide mandatory requirements for chemical products in the Russian Federation are among the priorities. Material and methods. The regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, EEC and the EU (in particular, Decrees, Resolutions, Technical Regulations, Directives, Regulations, etc. in the field of safe management of substances of concern), as well as domestic and international databases, scientific articles and monographs containing information on the toxic properties of chemicals are used as materials. The methodology of the work consisted in a comparative analysis of approaches to the regulation of highly hazardous chemicals by international organizations, the Russian Federation, the European Union and its states, the USA, Canada. Results and discussions. The article presents the main provisions of the concept for the replacement of highly hazardous chemicals in products with safe analogues; scientifically substantiated national list of chemicals of concern, containing 1480 items, including 630 mutagens, 320 carcinogens, 271 reprotoxicants, 502 endocrine disruptors; criteria for classifying substances as candidates for prohibition and (or) restriction. The proposals for amending the methodological and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical safety are formulated. Conclusion. In order to develop effective measures to minimize the risk of exposure to chemicals and safe management, including prohibition and (or) restriction, it is advisable: introduction of a national list of chemicals of concern into the methodological and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union; creation of state monitoring of highly hazardous chemicals in products at all stages of the life cycle from raw materials to production and consumption waste with the direct involvement of manufacturers; formation and maintenance of the register of emissions and discharges; coding of waste according to hazardous properties (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reprotoxicity, impact on the endocrine system) and its inclusion as a classification feature in the Federal Classification Catalog of Waste; search and evaluation of alternatives for highly hazardous chemicals.
{"title":"Proposals for improving the methodic and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical safety","authors":"Khalidya Khizbulaevna Khamidulina, Elena Vladimirovna Tarasova, Andrey Konstantinovich Nazarenko, D. N. Rabikova, A. S. Proskurina","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-214-225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-214-225","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 11, 2019 No. 97 “On the basis of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical and biological safety” until 2025 and beyond” the priority areas include monitoring chemical and biological risks, improving regulatory framework and public administration. In terms of improving legal regulation and public administration, development and application of documents that provide mandatory requirements for chemical products in the Russian Federation are among the priorities. \u0000Material and methods. The regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, EEC and the EU (in particular, Decrees, Resolutions, Technical Regulations, Directives, Regulations, etc. in the field of safe management of substances of concern), as well as domestic and international databases, scientific articles and monographs containing information on the toxic properties of chemicals are used as materials. The methodology of the work consisted in a comparative analysis of approaches to the regulation of highly hazardous chemicals by international organizations, the Russian Federation, the European Union and its states, the USA, Canada. \u0000Results and discussions. The article presents the main provisions of the concept for the replacement of highly hazardous chemicals in products with safe analogues; scientifically substantiated national list of chemicals of concern, containing 1480 items, including 630 mutagens, 320 carcinogens, 271 reprotoxicants, 502 endocrine disruptors; criteria for classifying substances as candidates for prohibition and (or) restriction. The proposals for amending the methodological and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical safety are formulated. \u0000Conclusion. In order to develop effective measures to minimize the risk of exposure to chemicals and safe management, including prohibition and (or) restriction, it is advisable: \u0000introduction of a national list of chemicals of concern into the methodological and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union; \u0000creation of state monitoring of highly hazardous chemicals in products at all stages of the life cycle from raw materials to production and consumption waste with the direct involvement of manufacturers; \u0000formation and maintenance of the register of emissions and discharges; \u0000coding of waste according to hazardous properties (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reprotoxicity, impact on the endocrine system) and its inclusion as a classification feature in the Federal Classification Catalog of Waste; \u0000search and evaluation of alternatives for highly hazardous chemicals.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82248191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-237-242
R.A. Narzikulov, A. Lodyagin, A. Sinenchenko, Chimit Bairovich Batotsyrenov, Bezhan Rustamovich Rustamov, Ivan Alexandrovich Lisitsa, N.D. Zapasnikov
Introduction. The article considers a case of a favorable outcome of severe acute oral methadone poisoning complicated by the development of acute respiratory failure and toxic hypoxic encephalopathy. Clinical observation. A clinical case of acute oral (through breast milk) methadone poisoning of severe degree in a child of 9 months and 6 days with the development of toxicohypoxic encephalopathy is presented. The narcotic substance entered the body once, after breastfeeding from mother to child. Acute poisoning in the child was manifested by respiratory insufficiency with impaired consciousness (did not respond to pain stimuli, short-term apnea was noted, saturation of arterial blood with oxygen (SpO2) was 62%). Intensive therapy included infusion, antidote, detoxification therapy, correction of acid-base state disorders, water-electrolyte balance, hypoxic disorders. Conclusion. Methadone-induced respiratory failure is characterized by dose dependence and the possibility of relief after administration of naloxone. In our clinical case, a specific antidote was used at the prehospital and hospital stages and an activator of metabolic cellular processes – riboxin in combination with B vitamins: thiamine chloride (vitamin B1) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6). In conclusion, it should be noted that the relevance of acute methadone poisoning in childhood remains high. Taking into account the mechanisms of the toxic effect of methadone, it is possible to formulate the directions of intensive therapy: maintenance of life support systems, rational antidote therapy, the fight against hypoxia and its consequences.
{"title":"A clinical case of acute methadone poisoning in an infant child","authors":"R.A. Narzikulov, A. Lodyagin, A. Sinenchenko, Chimit Bairovich Batotsyrenov, Bezhan Rustamovich Rustamov, Ivan Alexandrovich Lisitsa, N.D. Zapasnikov","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-237-242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-237-242","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article considers a case of a favorable outcome of severe acute oral methadone poisoning complicated by the development of acute respiratory failure and toxic hypoxic encephalopathy. \u0000Clinical observation. A clinical case of acute oral (through breast milk) methadone poisoning of severe degree in a child of 9 months and 6 days with the development of toxicohypoxic encephalopathy is presented. The narcotic substance entered the body once, after breastfeeding from mother to child. Acute poisoning in the child was manifested by respiratory insufficiency with impaired consciousness (did not respond to pain stimuli, short-term apnea was noted, saturation of arterial blood with oxygen (SpO2) was 62%). \u0000Intensive therapy included infusion, antidote, detoxification therapy, correction of acid-base state disorders, water-electrolyte balance, hypoxic disorders. \u0000Conclusion. Methadone-induced respiratory failure is characterized by dose dependence and the possibility of relief after administration of naloxone. \u0000In our clinical case, a specific antidote was used at the prehospital and hospital stages and an activator of metabolic cellular processes – riboxin in combination with B vitamins: thiamine chloride (vitamin B1) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6). \u0000In conclusion, it should be noted that the relevance of acute methadone poisoning in childhood remains high. Taking into account the mechanisms of the toxic effect of methadone, it is possible to formulate the directions of intensive therapy: maintenance of life support systems, rational antidote therapy, the fight against hypoxia and its consequences.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"60 2 Suppl 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77764108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-169-177
M. Stepankov
Introduction. Nanoparticles (NPs) of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) have the potential to be used as an active component of bactericidal agents. At the same time, there is information in the scientific literature about the negative effects of these NPs on organism. Given that, it seems relevant to perform the study and comparative analysis of the toxicity of Al2O3 and MoO3 NPs. Materials and methods. We examined physical properties of Al2O3 NPs and MoO3 NPs. In an experiment on Wistar rats, peculiarities of bioaccumulation and toxic action at multiply inhalation exposure was researched. Results. The examined samples were a nanomaterial judging by such parameters as particle size, shape, surface area and total pore volume. Under exposure to Al2O3 NPs, aluminum concentrations were statistically significant increase in the lungs, brain, liver and blood relative to the control; under exposure to MoO3 NPs – molybdenum concentration in heart, lungs, brain, kidney and blood. Under exposure to MoO3 NPs, a wider range of negative effects changed relative to the control of biochemical parameters (increased activity of ALP, LDH, concentrations of total and direct bilirubin, urea, creatinine) was established than during exposure to Al2O3 NPs (increased activity of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, concentrations direct bilirubin). Pathomorphological changes were identified in the lungs, brain, heart and liver under exposure to Al2O3 NPs; in lungs, brain and liver under exposure to MoO3 NPs in the lungs. However, tissue changes upon exposure to MoO3 NPs are more pronounced than those upon exposure to Al2O3 NPs. Limitations. The study involved only multiple inhalation exposure to Al2O3 NPs and MoO3 NPs in an experiment on Wistar rats. Conclusion. Differences in the toxicokinetics of Al2O3 and MoO3 NPs do not make it possible to single out among them those that are more dangerous for human health, and therefore additional studies are needed.
{"title":"Evaluation of bioaccumulation and toxic effect of aluminum and molybdenum oxide nanoparticles used as an active component of bactericidal agents","authors":"M. Stepankov","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-169-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-169-177","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Nanoparticles (NPs) of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) have the potential to be used as an active component of bactericidal agents. At the same time, there is information in the scientific literature about the negative effects of these NPs on organism. Given that, it seems relevant to perform the study and comparative analysis of the toxicity of Al2O3 and MoO3 NPs. \u0000Materials and methods. We examined physical properties of Al2O3 NPs and MoO3 NPs. In an experiment on Wistar rats, peculiarities of bioaccumulation and toxic action at multiply inhalation exposure was researched. \u0000Results. The examined samples were a nanomaterial judging by such parameters as particle size, shape, surface area and total pore volume. Under exposure to Al2O3 NPs, aluminum concentrations were statistically significant increase in the lungs, brain, liver and blood relative to the control; under exposure to MoO3 NPs – molybdenum concentration in heart, lungs, brain, kidney and blood. Under exposure to MoO3 NPs, a wider range of negative effects changed relative to the control of biochemical parameters (increased activity of ALP, LDH, concentrations of total and direct bilirubin, urea, creatinine) was established than during exposure to Al2O3 NPs (increased activity of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, concentrations direct bilirubin). \u0000Pathomorphological changes were identified in the lungs, brain, heart and liver under exposure to \u0000Al2O3 NPs; in lungs, brain and liver under exposure to MoO3 NPs in the lungs. \u0000However, tissue changes upon exposure to MoO3 NPs are more pronounced than those upon exposure to Al2O3 NPs. \u0000Limitations. The study involved only multiple inhalation exposure to Al2O3 NPs and MoO3 NPs in an experiment on Wistar rats. \u0000Conclusion. Differences in the toxicokinetics of Al2O3 and MoO3 NPs do not make it possible to single out among them those that are more dangerous for human health, and therefore additional studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"520 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77359557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-185-191
A. A. Maslennikov, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Demidova, Oksana Ivanovna Ilchenko, V. A. Antonov
Introduction. In the process of production, storage and application of the representative of new components of solid rocket fuels – γ-polyoxymethylene, its ingress into the water of reservoirs is not excluded, which determines the mandatory assessment of the danger of its single contamination of this ecosystem. Material and methods. As an object of research, γ-polyoxymethylene (γ-POM, polyformaldehyde, acetal copolymer) was used – a mixture of dimethyl esters of polyoxymethylene glycols – a fine amorphous white powder, CAS registration number 66455-31-0. The empirical formula is CH3O(CH2O)nCH3 at n = 100–300. It is practically insoluble in water. Results. It was found that the ecotoxicant content in water at a concentration of 50.0 mg/l led to a change in its transparency. The indicated concentration of γ-POM was determined as a threshold for organoleptic harmfulness. In the course of studying the effect of the toxicant on the general sanitary regime of reservoirs, in the absence of changes in the indicators of biochemical oxygen consumption, its negative impact on nitrification processes and saprophytic microflora was revealed. The threshold concentration of the substance according to the general sanitary indicator of harmfulness is 3.5 mg/l. In experiments on laboratory animals, it was noted that a single intragastric administration of the tested xenobiotic in the form of a suspension in a 2.5% solution of aqueous starch caused a significant decrease in heart rate and a change in a number of hematological parameters. The threshold of a single general toxic effect of γ-POM is 90.0 mg/kg. Limitations of the study. The revealed features of the behavior of γ-polyoxymethylene must be taken into account when it once pollutes the water of reservoirs (in case of an emergency). However, the data obtained are insufficient to substantiate the hygienic standard of the connection in the water of water bodies. Conclusion. The results of the performed experiments indicate that a single ingress of γ-polyoxymethylene into the water represents an ecological and toxicological hazard registered for all three basic signs of harmfulness, which is taken into account when justifying its maximum permissible concentration in the water of reservoirs.
{"title":"Ecological and toxicological assessment of hazard of contamination of water bodies by the γ-polyoxymethylene","authors":"A. A. Maslennikov, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Demidova, Oksana Ivanovna Ilchenko, V. A. Antonov","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-185-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-185-191","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the process of production, storage and application of the representative of new components of solid rocket fuels – γ-polyoxymethylene, its ingress into the water of reservoirs is not excluded, which determines the mandatory assessment of the danger of its single contamination of this ecosystem. \u0000Material and methods. As an object of research, γ-polyoxymethylene (γ-POM, polyformaldehyde, acetal copolymer) was used – a mixture of dimethyl esters of polyoxymethylene glycols – a fine amorphous white powder, CAS registration number 66455-31-0. The empirical formula is CH3O(CH2O)nCH3 at n = 100–300. It is practically insoluble in water. \u0000Results. It was found that the ecotoxicant content in water at a concentration of 50.0 mg/l led to a change in its transparency. The indicated concentration of γ-POM was determined as a threshold for organoleptic harmfulness. \u0000In the course of studying the effect of the toxicant on the general sanitary regime of reservoirs, in the absence of changes in the indicators of biochemical oxygen consumption, its negative impact on nitrification processes and saprophytic microflora was revealed. The threshold concentration of the substance according to the general sanitary indicator of harmfulness is 3.5 mg/l. \u0000In experiments on laboratory animals, it was noted that a single intragastric administration of the tested xenobiotic in the form of a suspension in a 2.5% solution of aqueous starch caused a significant decrease in heart rate and a change in a number of hematological parameters. The threshold of a single general toxic effect of γ-POM is 90.0 mg/kg. \u0000Limitations of the study. The revealed features of the behavior of γ-polyoxymethylene must be taken into account when it once pollutes the water of reservoirs (in case of an emergency). However, the data obtained are insufficient to substantiate the hygienic standard of the connection in the water of water bodies. \u0000Conclusion. The results of the performed experiments indicate that a single ingress of γ-polyoxymethylene into the water represents an ecological and toxicological hazard registered for all three basic signs of harmfulness, which is taken into account when justifying its maximum permissible concentration in the water of reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81138538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-192-203
A. A. Volkova, Roman A. Kalekin, Alevtina Mikhailovna Orlova, A. Pavlova, Olga Genrikhovna Astashkina, Andrey L. Pavlov
Introduction. Z-drugs are a group of “non-benzodiazepine” drugs with the main mode of action regulating sleep behavior in humans through exposure to GABA receptors. There are reports indicating the toxic effects of overdose and abuse of zaleplon. However, information on the effect of Z-drugs on neurotransmitter levels is scarce. The aim of this study was to study the effect of zaleplon exposure on neurotransmitter levels in the larvae of Danio fish using targeted metabolomics. Material and methods. 4-hour exposure to zaleplon in concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/l was carried out on the larvae of Danio fish. Intervention groups were compared with control groups. Each group consisted of 20 larvae of Danio fish. Neurotransmitters and their metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results. Twenty-two metabolites associated with neurotransmission were quantified. Significantly increased metabolites were tryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, acetylserotonin, epinephrine and choline. Significantly reduced metabolites were 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-methoxytryptamine, dopamine, normetanephrine, metanephrine, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykinurenine, anthranilic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid. Limitation. When studying metabolic changes in neurotransmitters and toxic effects in Danio fish, the results of a group of 20 larvae were analyzed, which is a sufficient sample to state the results obtained. Conclusion. Exposure to zaleplon caused metabolic changes in the concentrations of neurotransmitters associated with most major neurotransmitter systems.
{"title":"The effect of zaleplon on metabolic changes in neurotransmitters and toxic effects in Danio fish","authors":"A. A. Volkova, Roman A. Kalekin, Alevtina Mikhailovna Orlova, A. Pavlova, Olga Genrikhovna Astashkina, Andrey L. Pavlov","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-192-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-192-203","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Z-drugs are a group of “non-benzodiazepine” drugs with the main mode of action regulating sleep behavior in humans through exposure to GABA receptors. There are reports indicating the toxic effects of overdose and abuse of zaleplon. However, information on the effect of Z-drugs on neurotransmitter levels is scarce. \u0000The aim of this study was to study the effect of zaleplon exposure on neurotransmitter levels in the larvae of Danio fish using targeted metabolomics. \u0000Material and methods. 4-hour exposure to zaleplon in concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/l was carried out on the larvae of Danio fish. Intervention groups were compared with control groups. Each group consisted of 20 larvae of Danio fish. Neurotransmitters and their metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). \u0000Results. Twenty-two metabolites associated with neurotransmission were quantified. Significantly increased metabolites were tryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, acetylserotonin, epinephrine and choline. Significantly reduced metabolites were 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-methoxytryptamine, dopamine, normetanephrine, metanephrine, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykinurenine, anthranilic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid. \u0000Limitation. When studying metabolic changes in neurotransmitters and toxic effects in Danio fish, the results of a group of 20 larvae were analyzed, which is a sufficient sample to state the results obtained. \u0000Conclusion. Exposure to zaleplon caused metabolic changes in the concentrations of neurotransmitters associated with most major neurotransmitter systems.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73237645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-163-168
Yu.V. Orlov, S. V. Gaiduk, V. G. Kuzmich
Introduction. Currently, in the search for drugs for the toxic liver damage treatment, considerable attention is paid to glutathione preparations and its metabolic precursors. There are separate reports in the literature on the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of glutathione disulfide in viral liver lesions, which gives grounds for their additional study when exposed to hepatotropic substances. Material and methods. Performing a comparative assessment of the hepatoprotective effect of inosine glycyl-cysteinyl-glutamate disodium and ademetionine on the model of dichloroethane-induced toxic hepatitis in rats was carried out with the formation of the following experimental groups of animals: no treatment; with the introduction of physiological saline; with the introduction of inosine glycyl-cysteinyl-glutamate disodium; with the introduction of ademetionine, as well as a group of intact animals. The study drugs were administered intraperitoneally for 10 days. In the course of the study, biochemical indicators of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes of liver damage were determined, the activity of its detoxification system and plastic function were assessed. Results. In groups that did not receive treatment, but received physiological saline, the lethality of experimental animals by the 20th day of observation was 40%, in the group treated with ademetionine – 10%. In the group treated with inosine glycyl-cysteinyl-glutamate disodium, no death of animals was observed. The use of inosine glycyl-cysteinyl-glutamate disodium led to a more significant decrease in the indicators of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes, as well as normalization of the functional activity of the liver (restoration of the content of glutathione in the liver tissue) and its plastic function (restoration of the level of total blood serum protein and glycogen content in the liver parenchyma) to a greater extent than with ademetionine. limitation. The experimental study was carried out on outbred male rats weighing 180–220 g, kept under standard vivarium conditions in one cage, no more than 6 individuals, divided into groups by randomization with the exclusion of weakened and sick animals from the study. Conclusion. The study provided an experimental justification for further study of the hepatoprotective effect of inosine glycylcysteinylglutamate disodium in toxic liver damage.
{"title":"Experimental study of the effectiveness of ademethionine and inosine glycyl-cysteinyl-glutamate disodium in the treatment of dichloroethane-induced toxic hepatitis","authors":"Yu.V. Orlov, S. V. Gaiduk, V. G. Kuzmich","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-163-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-163-168","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, in the search for drugs for the toxic liver damage treatment, considerable attention is paid to glutathione preparations and its metabolic precursors. There are separate reports in the literature on the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of glutathione disulfide in viral liver lesions, which gives grounds for their additional study when exposed to hepatotropic substances. \u0000Material and methods. Performing a comparative assessment of the hepatoprotective effect of inosine glycyl-cysteinyl-glutamate disodium and ademetionine on the model of dichloroethane-induced toxic hepatitis in rats was carried out with the formation of the following experimental groups of animals: no treatment; with the introduction of physiological saline; with the introduction of inosine glycyl-cysteinyl-glutamate disodium; with the introduction of ademetionine, as well as a group of intact animals. The study drugs were administered intraperitoneally for 10 days. In the course of the study, biochemical indicators of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes of liver damage were determined, the activity of its detoxification system and plastic function were assessed. \u0000Results. In groups that did not receive treatment, but received physiological saline, the lethality of experimental animals by the 20th day of observation was 40%, in the group treated with ademetionine – \u000010%. In the group treated with inosine glycyl-cysteinyl-glutamate disodium, no death of animals was observed. The use of inosine glycyl-cysteinyl-glutamate disodium led to a more significant decrease in the indicators of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes, as well as normalization of the functional activity of the liver (restoration of the content of glutathione in the liver tissue) and its plastic function (restoration \u0000of the level of total blood serum protein and glycogen content in the liver parenchyma) to a greater extent than with ademetionine. \u0000limitation. The experimental study was carried out on outbred male rats weighing 180–220 g, kept under standard vivarium conditions in one cage, no more than 6 individuals, divided into groups by randomization with the exclusion of weakened and sick animals from the study. \u0000Conclusion. The study provided an experimental justification for further study of the hepatoprotective effect of inosine glycylcysteinylglutamate disodium in toxic liver damage.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85061446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-178-184
V. Shilov, O. Khurtsilava, O. Markova, D. S. Isaev, Alena Yuryevna Mikheeva
Introduction. One of the most common materials containing phthalate impurities is packaging made of polymer materials (bottles). Bottles made of the following material are used for packaged (bottled) drinking water - polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The toxicological properties of phthalates, the increase in consumption of bottled water and uncertainty about the effect of storage conditions on the migration of phthalates into water initiates research on the toxicological and hygienic assessment of the content of phthalates in polymer packaging for bottled drinking water.The purpose of study was the toxicological and hygienic assessment of the content of di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP); di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP); diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) in drinking water packed in polymer material. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were bottles samples made in the Russian Federation. The obtained extracts (containers and model medium) were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The values of daily consumption of phthalates with bottled water for adults and children were calculated, safety coefficients were determined taking into account the maximum concentrations obtained in the experiment. Results. As a result of polymer materials studies, it was found that bottle samples contain residual amounts of phthalates – DEHP 1.7–4.2 mg/kg; DnBP <2.4–31.3 mg/kg; DiBP 2.2–10.2 2 mg/kg. Migration of phthalates into aqueous model media was noted from all the samples studied.In the samples of model solutions in contact with PET material, on the 30th day at a temperature of 20 °C, the presence of 2 phthalates: DEHP 8.6–71.0 µ/l and DiBF <2.6 to 19.2 µ/l. Comparison of phthalate concentrations in model media with the values of permissible daily consumption showed that bottled water provides a limited contribution to the total daily exposure of phthalates. Conclusion. The study results showed that the packaging made of PET is a source of chemical contamination of bottled water, which is based on the processes of migration of organic components from polymer materials. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the ability to migrate di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, which can lead to excess of hygienic standards for drinking water.
{"title":"Toxicological and hygienic assessment of phthalate content in bottled drinking water","authors":"V. Shilov, O. Khurtsilava, O. Markova, D. S. Isaev, Alena Yuryevna Mikheeva","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-178-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-178-184","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the most common materials containing phthalate impurities is packaging made of polymer materials (bottles). Bottles made of the following material are used for packaged (bottled) drinking water - polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The toxicological properties of phthalates, the increase in consumption of bottled water and uncertainty about the effect of storage conditions on the migration of phthalates into water initiates research on the toxicological and hygienic assessment of the content of phthalates in polymer packaging for bottled drinking water.The purpose of study was the toxicological and hygienic assessment of the content of di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP); di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP); diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) in drinking water packed in polymer material. \u0000Materials and methods. The objects of the study were bottles samples made in the Russian Federation. The obtained extracts (containers and model medium) were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The values of daily consumption of phthalates with bottled water for adults and children were calculated, safety coefficients were determined taking into account the maximum concentrations obtained in the experiment. \u0000Results. As a result of polymer materials studies, it was found that bottle samples contain residual amounts of phthalates – DEHP 1.7–4.2 mg/kg; DnBP <2.4–31.3 mg/kg; DiBP 2.2–10.2 2 mg/kg. Migration of phthalates into aqueous model media was noted from all the samples studied.In the samples of model solutions in contact with PET material, on the 30th day at a temperature of 20 °C, the presence of 2 phthalates: DEHP 8.6–71.0 µ/l and DiBF <2.6 to 19.2 µ/l. Comparison of phthalate concentrations in model media with the values of permissible daily consumption showed that bottled water provides a limited contribution to the total daily exposure of phthalates. \u0000Conclusion. The study results showed that the packaging made of PET is a source of chemical contamination of bottled water, which is based on the processes of migration of organic components from polymer materials. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the ability to migrate di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, which can lead to excess of hygienic standards for drinking water.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82835959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-142-149
I. A. Shikalova, A. H. Lodyagin, Irina Mikhaylovna Barsukova, A. M. Panov, A. Sinenchenko
Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the high significance of measures aimed at combating and preventing the illegal distribution and non-medical use of narcotic substances. The aim of the study. Show the importance of toxicological monitoring in the drug situation assessment system, identify existing problems and ways to improve it. Material and methods. analiysis of the regulatory legal framework regulating the provision of toxicological care to the population and the drug situation monitoring system, analysis of the toxicological monitoring system in St. Petersburg. Statistical and analytical methods along with content analysis were used. results. The article presents the contribution of the toxicological service to the drug situation monitoring system in the Russian Federation and identifies a number of organizational problems related to the diagnosis and accounting of acute poisoning with narcotic substances. Proposed the ways of improving toxicological monitoring, which will improve the quality and efficiency of information capturing – organization and equipping with modern diagnostic equipment of toxicological centers (departments) in all subjects of Russian Federation; ensuring the availability of toxicological counseling through the development of a system of regional information and advisory toxicological centers; coordination of poisoning by new narcotic substances and their precursors with the unified coding system ICD-10; development of a control system for filling out registration form No. 58-1/у “Emergency notification of acute poisoning of chemical etiology”; supplement the group “drug poisoning” of Federal Forms of Statistical Observation No. 57 and No. 14 with nosological units - cannabis poisoning (T40.7), LSD poisoning (T40.8), poisoning with other and unspecified psychodisleptics (T40.9); organization of a stationary post of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the basis of toxicological centers, which will allow more effective measures to prevent spread and use of drugs. Limitations. Regulatory and legal framework in the field of official statistical accounting of acute poisoning with drugs and psychosleptics. Conclusion. The data obtained in the course of the study will allow improving the system of monitoring the drug situation in the country, conducting a comparative interregional analysis, promptly and objectively evaluating the quality of work on the prevention of illegal distribution and non-medical use of narcotic substances and drug trafficking control.
{"title":"The role of the toxicological service in the drug situation monitoring system: problems and ways of improvement","authors":"I. A. Shikalova, A. H. Lodyagin, Irina Mikhaylovna Barsukova, A. M. Panov, A. Sinenchenko","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-142-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-142-149","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the high significance of measures aimed at combating and preventing the illegal distribution and non-medical use of narcotic substances. \u0000The aim of the study. Show the importance of toxicological monitoring in the drug situation assessment system, identify existing problems and ways to improve it. \u0000Material and methods. analiysis of the regulatory legal framework regulating the provision of toxicological care to the population and the drug situation monitoring system, analysis of the toxicological monitoring system in St. Petersburg. Statistical and analytical methods along with content analysis were used. \u0000results. The article presents the contribution of the toxicological service to the drug situation monitoring system in the Russian Federation and identifies a number of organizational problems related to the diagnosis and accounting of acute poisoning with narcotic substances. Proposed the ways of improving toxicological monitoring, which will improve the quality and efficiency of information capturing – organization and equipping with modern diagnostic equipment of toxicological centers (departments) in all subjects of Russian Federation; ensuring the availability of toxicological counseling through the development of a system of regional information and advisory toxicological centers; coordination of poisoning by new narcotic substances and their precursors with the unified coding system ICD-10; development of a control system for filling out registration form No. 58-1/у “Emergency notification of acute poisoning of chemical etiology”; supplement the group “drug poisoning” of Federal Forms of Statistical Observation No. 57 and No. 14 with nosological units - cannabis poisoning (T40.7), LSD poisoning (T40.8), poisoning with other and unspecified psychodisleptics (T40.9); organization of a stationary post of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the basis of toxicological centers, which will allow more effective measures to prevent spread and use of drugs. \u0000Limitations. Regulatory and legal framework in the field of official statistical accounting of acute poisoning with drugs and psychosleptics. \u0000Conclusion. The data obtained in the course of the study will allow improving the system of monitoring the drug situation in the country, conducting a comparative interregional analysis, promptly and objectively evaluating the quality of work on the prevention of illegal distribution and non-medical use of narcotic substances and drug trafficking control.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82171773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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