Theriogenology最新文献_第10页

Punicalagin enhances cryopreserved sheep sperm quality via activation of the Nrf2/PGC-1α pathway and metabolic reprogramming Punicalagin通过激活Nrf2/PGC-1α通路和代谢重编程来提高冷冻绵羊精子质量。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117748

Mengkang Zhu , Kaiyuan Ji , Jinbo Wei , Xin Yuan , Lu Zhu , Hongguo Cao , Zijun Zhang , Yinghui Ling

Cryopreservation-induced damage remains a major limitation in ram semen preservation, particularly impairing sperm motility and structural integrity. Punicalagin, a natural polyphenol with potent antioxidant properties, has demonstrated potential in mitigating oxidative stress. However, its role in ruminant sperm cryoprotection remains incompletely understood. This study investigated the effects of punicalagin on cryopreserved sheep sperm and explored its underlying molecular mechanisms. A comprehensive evaluation of cryodamage indicators was conducted before and after cryopreservation. The effects of varying punicalagin concentrations (0–20 μM) on sperm motility, antioxidant pathways, and mitochondrial function were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to characterize changes in the sperm metabolite profile, and the selective Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) was employed to validate the core signaling pathway. Cryopreservation significantly reduced progressive motility, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, MMP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels while increasing tail bending rate and acrosomal defects (P < 0.05). Supplementation with punicalagin (15 μM) significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, restored ΔΨm, and downregulated apoptotic markers (Bax/Fas) (P < 0.05). Punicalagin activated the Nrf2/PGC-1α pathway, an effect abolished by ML385. Metabolomic analysis revealed punicalagin-regulated lipid metabolism and identified five differential metabolites, including 20-COOH-10,11-dihydro-LTB4, Acylcarnitine 12:2, Acylcarnitine 20:6, Pyridine, and Undecanoic acid, as metabolic biomarkers for cryodamage evaluation (AUC >0.9). These findings demonstrate that punicalagin enhances sperm cryotolerance through dual mechanisms involving antioxidant pathway activation and metabolic reprogramming, providing a novel strategy for improving ruminant sperm cryopreservation.

低温保存引起的损伤仍然是公羊精液保存的主要限制，特别是损害精子的活力和结构完整性。槟榔苷是一种天然多酚，具有有效的抗氧化特性，已被证明具有减轻氧化应激的潜力。然而，它在反刍动物精子冷冻保护中的作用仍不完全清楚。本文研究了槟榔苷对绵羊精子冷冻保存的影响，并探讨了其潜在的分子机制。对冷冻保存前后的冻伤指标进行综合评价。评估不同浓度（0-20 μM）槟榔苷对精子活力、抗氧化途径和线粒体功能的影响。非靶向代谢组学被用来表征精子代谢物谱的变化，选择性Nrf2抑制剂（ML385）被用来验证核心信号通路。低温保存显著降低了进行性运动、线粒体膜电位（ΔΨm， MMP）和三磷酸腺苷（ATP）水平，同时增加了尾巴弯曲率和顶体缺陷（p0.9）。这些发现表明，槟榔苷通过激活抗氧化途径和代谢重编程的双重机制增强精子的低温耐受性，为改善反刍动物精子的低温保存提供了一种新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Elevated prostaglandin F2 alpha after the period of embryonic secretion of interferon tau appears to be due to upregulation of uterine synthesis machinery for prostaglandin F2 alpha 在胚胎分泌干扰素tau后，前列腺素F2 α升高似乎是由于前列腺素F2 α的子宫合成机制上调

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117734

Ellie G. Kidwell, Calista G. Hubbard, Florentino P.J. da Silva Junior, Alvaro Garcia-Guerra, Rafael R. Domingues

During early pregnancy, the embryo interacts with the maternal system to prevent uterine secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF_2α) to allow for luteal maintenance. After day 25 basal PGF_2α is upregulated; however, it does not cause luteolysis. We determined the uterine cervical and luteal transcriptomic profile associated with greater secretion of PGF_2α on days 30 (P30) and 50 (P50) of gestation in contrast with day 15 of the estrous cycle in nonpregnant (non-bred) cows (NP15). Concentrations of PGF_2α metabolite were greatest in P50, intermediate in P30, and least in NP15 (48.4 ± 3.9, 29.9 ± 2.6, and 9.6 ± 2.1 pg/mL, respectively). Cervical abundance of estradiol receptor 1 (ESR1), progesterone receptor, oxytocin receptor, and PGF_2α synthase (AKRIB1) were greater in P50 compared to NP15. The ESR1 in P30 was greater than NP15 but less than P50. Estradiol receptor 2, an ESR1 inhibitor, was greater in NP15 than P30 and P50 and tended to be less in P50 compared to P30. Luteal prostaglandin transporter was greater in P30 and P50 compared to NP15 and aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 was greater in P50 compared to NP15. Luteal expression of PGF_2α receptor was greater in P50 and P30 (tendency) compared to NP15. Luteal oxytocin/neurophysin 1 was greatest in NP15, intermediate in P30, and lowest in P50. Lastly, luteal hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD) is greater in P50 than in NP15. The current data suggests that the elevated PGF_2α production during pregnancy appears to be due to upregulation of the uterine synthesis machinery for PGF_2α. Luteal synthesis of PGF_2α during pregnancy is not evident.

在妊娠早期，胚胎与母体系统相互作用，阻止子宫分泌前列腺素F2α (PGF2α)，从而维持黄体。25天后，基础PGF2α上调；然而，它不会引起黄体溶解。我们测定了妊娠第30天（P30）和第50天（P50）与未怀孕（未繁殖）奶牛（NP15）发情周期第15天相比，子宫、宫颈和黄体与PGF2α分泌增加相关的转录组谱。PGF2α代谢物浓度在P50中最高，在P30中居中，在NP15中最低（分别为48.4±3.9、29.9±2.6和9.6±2.1 pg/mL）。与NP15相比，P50的宫颈雌二醇受体1 （ESR1）、孕酮受体、催产素受体和PGF2α合成酶（AKRIB1）的丰度更高。P30的ESR1大于NP15，但小于P50。ESR1抑制剂雌二醇受体2 （Estradiol receptor 2）在NP15中的表达高于P30和P50，而在P50中的表达低于P30。黄体前列腺素转运蛋白在P30和P50中的表达高于NP15，醛酮还原酶家族1成员C4在P50中的表达高于NP15。PGF2α受体在P50和P30的黄体表达高于NP15（倾向）。黄体催产素/神经physin 1在NP15时最高，在P30时居中，在P50时最低。最后，黄体羟前列腺素脱氢酶15-(NAD)在P50中的表达高于NP15。目前的数据表明，妊娠期间PGF2α产生的升高似乎是由于子宫PGF2α合成机制的上调。妊娠期黄体合成PGF2α不明显。

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引用次数: 0

Cytoplasmic movement velocity in unfertilized mouse oocytes: a supportive but not definitive marker of embryo quality 未受精小鼠卵母细胞的细胞质运动速度：胚胎质量的一个支持性但不是决定性的标志

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117725

Monika Fluks , Alicja Rak, Anna Ajduk

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an essential method not only in the treatment of infertility but also in livestock breeding and in the management of zoo populations and endangered species. The success of IVF depends on oocyte quality, necessitating reliable methods for assessing female gamete competence. Here, we investigated biomechanical properties – particularly cytoplasmic movement velocity (CMV), known to be dependent on cytoskeletal functionality – as noninvasive markers of oocyte quality. We used mouse immature (GV) and mature (MII) oocytes as an experimental model. Cortical tension and cellular stiffness were measured using micropipette aspiration, and CMV was assessed with time-lapse imaging combined with Particle Image Velocimetry analysis. Our data indicate that transcriptionally quiescent GV oocytes (SN) exhibit higher CMV than transcriptionally active GV oocytes (NSN). Moreover, maternal and postovulatory aging, cryopreservation, and in vitro maturation significantly affect the CMV of MII oocytes. However, CMV in freshly ovulated MII oocytes does not correlate with their ability to develop to the blastocyst stage. We also show that changes in CMV are typically accompanied by opposite changes in cellular stiffness, with one exception – the transition from GV to MII stage, during which both CMV and stiffness decrease. Our results suggest that CMV may facilitate oocyte quality assessment, particularly in immature oocytes, by supporting the selection of SN-type oocytes. However, CMV measured in MII oocytes alone is not sufficient to predict quality of the resulting embryo. Further research is needed to validate these findings in target species and to optimize relevant IVF protocols.

体外受精（IVF）不仅是治疗不孕症的一种重要方法，而且在家畜育种、动物园种群管理和濒危物种管理中也很重要。体外受精的成功取决于卵母细胞的质量，因此需要可靠的方法来评估雌性配子的能力。在这里，我们研究了生物力学特性-特别是细胞质运动速度（CMV），已知依赖于细胞骨架功能-作为卵母细胞质量的非侵入性标记。我们使用小鼠未成熟（GV）和成熟（MII）卵母细胞作为实验模型。用微移管抽吸法测量皮质张力和细胞刚度，用延时成像结合粒子图像测速法评估CMV。我们的数据表明，转录静止的GV卵母细胞（SN）比转录活跃的GV卵母细胞（NSN）表现出更高的CMV。此外，母体和排卵后衰老、冷冻保存和体外成熟显著影响MII卵母细胞的CMV。然而，新排卵的MII卵母细胞中的巨细胞病毒与它们发育到囊胚期的能力无关。我们还表明，CMV的变化通常伴随着细胞刚度的相反变化，只有一个例外-从GV到MII阶段的过渡，在此期间CMV和刚度都降低。我们的研究结果表明，巨细胞病毒可能通过支持sn型卵母细胞的选择来促进卵母细胞质量评估，特别是在未成熟卵母细胞中。然而，仅在MII卵母细胞中测量CMV不足以预测最终胚胎的质量。进一步的研究需要在目标物种中验证这些发现并优化相关的试管婴儿方案。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the effects of regulating endogenous growth factors and apoptosis via DGCR8 on yak blastocyst formation 揭示DGCR8调控内源生长因子和细胞凋亡对牦牛囊胚形成的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117750

Lan Zhang , Meng Wang , Jianming Ren , Pengfei Zhao , Xiong Ma , Zhilong Zhang , Yangyang Pan

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8), a key regulator of mammalian miRNA synthesis, influences early embryonic development. To clarify its role in yak embryos, we generated embryos by in vitro fertilization and microinjected DGCR8-specific inhibitors at 12 h post-fertilization to knock down DGCR8 mRNA (DGCR8-KD group), while the control group received an equal volume of saline. Embryonic developmental competence was assessed, and mRNA expression levels of DGCR8, EGF, IGF-1, BAX, and BCL-2 were measured at multiple stages using qRT-PCR. In a rescue group (DGCR8-KD + GF), 100 ng mL⁻¹ EGF and 100 ng mL⁻¹ IGF-1 were added after knockdown, following our team's previous protocol. DGCR8 mRNA expression was high in 2-, 4-, and 8-cell yak embryos and significantly decreased in the morula and blastocyst stages (P < 0.05). DGCR8 knockdown markedly reduced the morula/blastocyst development rate and TE/ICM cell numbers (P < 0.05), whereas exogenous growth factors restored these impairments (P < 0.05). In DGCR8-KD embryos, EGF and IGF-1 mRNA/protein levels declined, BAX (pro-apoptotic) increased, and BCL-2 (anti-apoptotic) decreased relative to controls; supplementation reversed these expression patterns. Thus, DGCR8 functions predominantly in 2–8-cell pre-implantation embryos, regulating endogenous growth factors and apoptosis-related factors to support morula/blastocyst formation. Exogenous EGF/IGF-1 alleviates DGCR8 deficiency, providing insight into its role in mammalian early embryogenesis.

diggeorge综合征关键区基因8 （DGCR8）是哺乳动物miRNA合成的关键调控因子，影响早期胚胎发育。为了明确其在牦牛胚胎中的作用，我们通过体外受精产生胚胎，并在受精后12 h微注射DGCR8特异性抑制剂以敲低DGCR8 mRNA （DGCR8- kd组），而对照组则接受等体积的生理盐水。采用qRT-PCR技术评估胚胎发育能力，并在多个阶段检测DGCR8、EGF、IGF-1、BAX和BCL-2的mRNA表达水平。在救援组（DGCR8-KD + GF）中，按照我们团队之前的方案，在敲除后添加100 ng mL -1 EGF和100 ng mL -1 IGF-1。DGCR8 mRNA在2、4、8细胞牦牛胚胎中表达量较高，在桑葚胚期和囊胚期表达量显著降低（P < 0.05）。DGCR8敲低可显著降低桑葚胚/囊胚发育率和TE/ICM细胞数量（P < 0.05），而外源生长因子可恢复这些损伤（P < 0.05）。在DGCR8-KD胚胎中，EGF和IGF-1 mRNA/蛋白水平下降，BAX（促凋亡）升高，BCL-2（抗凋亡）降低；补充剂逆转了这些表达模式。因此，DGCR8主要在2 - 8细胞的着床前胚胎中发挥作用，调节内源性生长因子和凋亡相关因子，支持桑葚胚/囊胚的形成。外源性EGF/IGF-1减轻了DGCR8的缺乏，为其在哺乳动物早期胚胎发生中的作用提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Lipidomics and transcriptomics analyses reveal high sperm storage ability-related lipids/genes in the liver-blood-utero-vaginal junction mucosa axis of female ducks 脂质组学和转录组学分析揭示了母鸭肝-血-子宫-阴道交界粘膜轴中与高精子储存能力相关的脂质/基因。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117743

Xinyue Hu , Shangmin Wang , Zongliang He , Kunpeng Lv , Hongjie Ji , Jingjing Qi , Chenyang Gao , Hehe Liu , Jiwen Wang

The sperm storage trait of female poultry refers to their ability to store sperm in the oviduct, thereby enabling them to continuously produce fertilized eggs. The analysis of the underlying principles of this ability not only helps to improve reproductive efficiency, but also contributes to driving innovation in semen preservation technologies. However, the underlying mechanisms of this ability remain unclear. This study successfully quantified the sperm storage ability in 98 female ducks. Histological comparisons between female ducks with higher sperm storage ability (HFSS) and lower sperm storage ability (LFSS) revealed that superior sperm storage ability was associated with a higher weight, index, and lipid content in the liver, but with a lower lipid content in the utero-vaginal junction (UVJ). A further integrated analysis of lipidomics and transcriptomics of the liver-serum-UVJ mucosa (UVJM) axis revealed that hepatic lipid metabolism plays a key role in regulating sperm storage ability. This regulation likely occurs through the downregulation of insulin induced gene 1 (INSIG1), glucan phosphatase laforin (EPM2A), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1), and disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 2 (LOC101791193) in the liver, which inhibits the release of PG(O-46:0(OH)) from the liver into the blood and reduces its concentration in the UVJM. Consequently, in the UVJM, the expression of signal transducing adaptor family member 1 (STAP1) and noggin 2 (LOC113845281) was promoted, while that of class II histocompatibility antigen (LOC119718708) was suppressed. These changes may ultimately enhance sperm storage ability by mitigating immune rejection and facilitating sperm survival.

雌性家禽的精子储存特性是指它们能够将精子储存在输卵管中，从而使它们能够不断地产生受精卵。分析这种能力的基本原理不仅有助于提高生殖效率，而且有助于推动精液保存技术的创新。然而，这种能力的潜在机制尚不清楚。本研究成功地量化了98只母鸭的精子储存能力。高精子储存能力（HFSS）和低精子储存能力（LFSS）雌性鸭的组织学比较表明，高精子储存能力与较高的体重、指数和肝脏脂肪含量相关，但与子宫阴道连接处（UVJ）脂肪含量相关。肝脏-血清- uvj粘膜（UVJM）轴的脂质组学和转录组学进一步综合分析显示，肝脏脂质代谢在调节精子储存能力中起关键作用。这种调节可能是通过肝脏中胰岛素诱导基因1 （INSIG1）、葡聚糖磷酸酶去甲素（EPM2A）、瞬时受体电位阳离子通道亚家族A成员1 （TRPA1）、分解素和金属蛋白酶结构域蛋白2 （LOC101791193）的下调来实现的，从而抑制PG（O-46:0(OH)）从肝脏释放到血液中，降低其在UVJM中的浓度。因此，在UVJM中，信号转导适配器家族成员1 （STAP1）和noggin 2 （LOC113845281）的表达被促进，而II类组织相容性抗原（LOC119718708）的表达被抑制。这些变化可能最终通过减轻免疫排斥和促进精子存活来增强精子储存能力。

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引用次数: 0

Vitamin C rescues embryonic developmental arrest caused by maternal Kdm2a deficiency via regulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis 维生素C通过调节PTEN/PI3K/AKT轴来挽救母体Kdm2a缺乏症引起的胚胎发育停滞。

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117745

Qinhui Yang , Yumian Xie , Ying Cen , Ruilan Zeng , Yuan Li , Xupeng Li , Yan Xiong , Honghong He , Shi Yin , Jian Li , Xianrong Xiong

The development of preimplantation embryos entails highly intricate molecular processes involving epigenetic regulation, particularly histone modification and DNA methylation. These two fundamental epigenetic mechanisms dynamically interact to maintain epigenetic homeostasis during early development. KDM2A, a key regulatory enzyme in the Jumonji C (JMJC) domain-containing histone demethylase family, plays a transcriptional program through its catalytic activity in histone modification, associated with oocyte meiotic maturation and embryo development. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms and strategies for correcting maternal Kdm2a deficiency-induced reproductive issues remain unclear. This study revealed that Vitamin C (VC) improved the reproductive ability of Kdm2a cKO (conditional knockout) mice as the number of uterine implantations and litters was increased after VC injection and mated with wild-type male mice (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR and TUNEL assays showed that VC suppressed early embryonic apoptosis and enhanced the expression of embryonic stemness genes in the embryo of Kdm2a cKO mice (P < 0.05). Additionally, the embryo transfer rate also indicated that VC significantly increased the developmental potential of early embryos in Kdm2a cKO mice (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR results demonstrated that VC inhibited H3K36me1/2 and promoted DNA demethylation in early embryos of Kdm2a cKO mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Smart-seq revealed that VC regulates early embryonic development in Kdm2a cKO mice primarily through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling axis. Collectively, VC supplementation promotes early embryonic histone and DNA demethylation in Kdm2a cKO embryo, thereby ameliorating the reproductive decline caused by maternal Kdm2a deficiency. This finding provides a potential therapeutic target for treating reproductive issues caused by KDM2A abnormalities.

着床前胚胎的发育需要高度复杂的分子过程，包括表观遗传调控，特别是组蛋白修饰和DNA甲基化。这两种基本的表观遗传机制动态地相互作用以维持早期发育过程中的表观遗传稳态。KDM2A是Jumonji C （JMJC）结构域组蛋白去甲基化酶家族的关键调控酶，通过其催化组蛋白修饰的活性发挥转录程序，与卵母细胞减数分裂成熟和胚胎发育相关。然而，纠正母体Kdm2a缺陷引起的生殖问题的具体调节机制和策略仍不清楚。本研究发现，维生素C （VC）可提高Kdm2a cKO（条件敲除）小鼠的生殖能力，注射VC并与野生型雄性小鼠交配后，其子宫着床数和产仔数均有所增加(P

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引用次数: 0

Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of carnosic acid-loaded nanoliposomes on the quality of cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa 鼠尾草酸负载纳米脂质体对冷冻水牛精子质量的抗氧化和抗凋亡作用

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117747

Ekramy Elmorsy , Ali Ali El-Raghi , Mahmoud A.E. Hassan , Walaa M. Essawi , Shaymaa Rezk , Ayat B. Al-Ghafari , Huda A. Al Doghaither

This study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating carnosic acid-loaded nanoliposomes (CA-NL) into a semen extender on semen quality, kinematic parameters, acrosome integrity, redox status, apoptosis-like changes, ultra-structural integrity, and fertility outcomes of cryopreserved buffalo sperm. Semen from seven fertile bulls was cryopreserved in a Tris-based extender containing 0, 25, 50, or 100 μg/mL of CA-NL. CA-NL supplementation (100 μg/mL) improved sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity, and acrosome reaction. This concentration also increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), while reducing hydrogen peroxide levels and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the seminal plasma compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity increased, while nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels decreased in a quadratic manner, with 75 μg/mL identified as the optimal dose. CA-NL supplementation increased the number of viable sperm and led to a quadratic decrease in apoptotic sperm cells. Additionally, it up regulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene while quadratically down regulating pro-apoptotic genes, with the lowest expression levels observed at 75 μg/mL. Molecular docking revealed strong affinities for key oxidative stress and apoptosis-related proteins, indicating potential for oxidative damage mitigation. Electron microscopy revealed that CA-NL supplementation effectively preserved the acrosome, plasma membrane, and overall structural integrity of sperm. In conclusion, supplementation with 75–100 μg/mL CA-NL in the freezing extender improved antioxidant status, reduced apoptosis, enhanced structural integrity, and increased fertility of cryopreserved buffalo sperm.

本研究旨在探讨装载鼠尾草酸的纳米脂质体（CA-NL）加入到精液填充剂中对冷冻保存水牛精子的精液质量、运动学参数、顶体完整性、氧化还原状态、凋亡样变化、超结构完整性和生育结果的影响。将7头可育公牛的精液冷冻保存在含有0、25、50或100 μg/mL CA-NL的tris扩展器中。添加CA-NL （100 μg/mL）可改善精子活力、活力、膜完整性和顶体反应。与对照组相比，该浓度还增加了精浆中碱性磷酸酶和主要抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）的活性，同时降低了过氧化氢水平和谷丙转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶的活性（p < 0.05）。总抗氧化能力增加，而一氧化氮和丙二醛水平呈二次型下降，最佳剂量为75 μg/mL。CA-NL的补充增加了活精子的数量，导致精子细胞凋亡的二次减少。上调抗凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达，二次下调促凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达，75 μg/mL时表达量最低。分子对接揭示了关键氧化应激和凋亡相关蛋白的强亲和性，表明其具有减轻氧化损伤的潜力。电镜显示，CA-NL的补充有效地保存了精子的顶体、质膜和整体结构的完整性。综上所述，在冷冻扩展剂中添加75 ~ 100 μg/mL CA-NL可改善水牛精子的抗氧化状态，减少细胞凋亡，增强结构完整性，提高精子的生育能力。

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引用次数: 0

Duration of continuous fetal gastrointestinal peristalsis before parturition in mares maintained at a breeding farm or in a university hospital 在种马场或大学医院饲养的母马产前持续的胎儿胃肠蠕动持续时间

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117716

Caroline A. Roxon, Lindsay J. Deacon, Michelle Abraham, Darko Stefanovski, Patricia L. Sertich

Gestation length is not a reliable indicator of fetal maturity due to the variability of normal gestation length in the mare. A standard method to accurately predict equine fetal maturity is not being used clinically. The presence of continuous gastrointestinal peristalsis, as detected ultrasonographically, is an indicator that both human and canine fetuses are mature (can survive after elective cesarean section). To determine if continuous gastrointestinal peristalsis, which we termed Phase 5, was a valid indicator of fetal maturity in the horse, and whether this indicator varied in late-gestation mares in the potentially stressful environment of a veterinary hospital, the motility of the fetal gastrointestinal tract was evaluated ultrasonographically in mares managed extensively on a breeding farm and those hospitalized in a university teaching hospital. Our hypotheses were that, due to stress, hospitalized mares would have a longer gestation length and more days in Phase 5 than would mares foaling in their home environment. When adjusted for sex of the foal, the marginal model-adjusted mean of gestation length (marginal mean: 353.6; 95 % CI: 351.0–356.1 days) of mares foaling at their home breeding farm was not significantly different than that (345.5; 95 % CI: 336.8–354.2 days) of mares foaling in the hospital, thus our hypothesis regarding gestation length was not supported. Phase 5 fetal gastrointestinal peristalsis was present in all cases before parturition. The duration of Phase 5 in fetuses of hospitalized mares (marginal mean: 17.6; 95 % CI: 13.1–22.0 days) was greater than that for mares foaling at the breeding farm (marginal mean: 10.7; 95 % CI: 9.0–12.5 days), supporting our hypothesis regarding the length of Phase 5. The presence of continuous fetal gastrointestinal peristalsis can be a useful indicator that parturition is impending in the mare. This information may aid in making decisions in managing high-risk equine pregnancies. More research is required to determine how soon after Phase 5 commences the fetus is mature enough to survive induction of parturition or cesarean section.

由于母马正常妊娠长度的变化，妊娠长度不是胎儿成熟的可靠指标。一种准确预测马胎儿成熟度的标准方法尚未在临床上使用。超声检查发现持续的胃肠道蠕动，表明人和犬的胎儿都是成熟的（可在择期剖宫产后存活）。为了确定持续的胃肠道蠕动（我们称之为第5阶段）是否是马胎儿成熟的有效指标，以及该指标在兽医院潜在压力环境中的妊娠后期母马中是否有所变化，我们在育种场和大学教学医院广泛管理的母马中对胎儿胃肠道的运动进行了超声评估。我们的假设是，由于压力，住院的母马在第五阶段的妊娠时间和天数比在家庭环境中分娩的母马要长。在对马驹性别进行调整后，经边际模型调整后的母马在家庭养殖场产仔的妊娠长度均值（边际均值：353.6;95% CI: 351.0 ~ 356.1天）与在医院产仔的妊娠长度均值（345.5;95% CI: 336.8 ~ 354.2天）无显著差异，因此我们关于妊娠长度的假设不被支持。所有病例在出生前均存在第5期胎儿胃肠蠕动。住院母马胎儿的第5阶段持续时间（边际平均值：17.6;95% CI: 13.1-22.0天）大于在养殖场分娩的母马（边际平均值：10.7;95% CI: 9.0-12.5天），支持我们关于第5阶段长度的假设。持续的胎儿胃肠道蠕动的存在可以作为母马即将分娩的有用指示。这些信息可能有助于在管理高危马妊娠方面做出决定。需要更多的研究来确定在第五阶段开始后多久胎儿就足够成熟，能够在引产或剖宫产中存活下来。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of a commercial Tritrichomonas foetus vaccine in infected and uninfected bulls and heifers during a 45-day natural breeding season 在45天的自然繁殖季节，对受感染和未受感染的公牛和母牛进行商业毛滴虫胎儿疫苗的比较评价

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117678

J.H. Koziol , B.T. Johnson , C.L. Armstrong

Tritrichomonas foetus is a venereal protozoan parasite that causes significant reproductive losses in cattle. Bulls act as asymptomatic carriers, transmitting the pathogen to susceptible cows, leading to infertility, embryonic or fetal loss, and other reproductive disorders. With no FDA-approved treatments available, vaccination has become a key control strategy. This study evaluated the reproductive effects of a commercially available killed, whole-cell vaccine (TrichGuard®) administered to both heifers and T. foetus-positive bulls in a natural mating system.

Heifers and bulls were randomly assigned to one of four vaccine treatment groups. Pregnancy status was monitored, and statistical models assessed pregnancy maintenance and loss. A significant treatment effect was observed on the probability of maintaining pregnancy (P = 0.03), with control (uninfected) heifers showing the highest odds of retention. Vaccinated and infected groups all showed reduced odds of maintaining pregnancy, though post hoc comparisons showed no significant differences amongst any of the vaccination protocols. Pregnancy loss did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.22). Survival analysis revealed a treatment effect (P = 0.04), driven by the absence of pregnancy loss in the control group.

These findings suggest that vaccination with the commercially available vaccine Trichguard® may have variable efficacy in reducing reproductive losses in the face of natural infection.

胎毛滴虫是一种性原生动物寄生虫，可导致牛的严重生殖损失。公牛作为无症状携带者，将病原体传播给易感奶牛，导致不育、胚胎或胎儿丢失以及其他生殖障碍。由于没有fda批准的治疗方法，疫苗接种已成为一项关键的控制策略。本研究评估了市售全细胞灭活疫苗（TrichGuard®）在自然交配系统中对小母牛和T.胎阳性公牛的生殖效果。小母牛和公牛被随机分配到四个疫苗治疗组中的一个。监测妊娠状况，统计模型评估妊娠维持和损失。在维持妊娠的概率上观察到显著的治疗效果（P = 0.03），对照组（未感染）母牛的保留几率最高。接种疫苗组和感染组都显示维持妊娠的几率降低，尽管事后比较显示在任何疫苗接种方案之间没有显着差异。两组间妊娠损失无显著差异（P = 0.22）。生存分析显示治疗效果（P = 0.04），由于对照组没有妊娠丢失。这些发现表明，接种市售的tricguard®疫苗在减少自然感染时的生殖损失方面可能具有不同的功效。

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引用次数: 0

Ovariectomy induces regression of hyperplastic uterus in female dogs 卵巢切除术诱导母犬增生性子宫消退

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117709

B.I.M. Antunes , V.K.C. Poltronieri , N.B. Andreão , E.C.C. Reis , P.P.M. Teixeira , M.A.M. Silva , C.E.F. Alves , F.B.C. Moura , F.A. Voorwald

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) is a common physiological affection in adult female dogs in diestrus, which can make the uterine environment susceptible to bacterial infections. It is known that hormonal interactions, mainly between progesterone and estrogen, are key players for development of the CEH-pyometra complex, but many questions remain regarding its etiopathogenesis. The present study proposes a new approach, to the authors' knowledge not yet described in literature, to add new information for better understanding of this affection and possibly establish new guidelines for obstetric surgery and reproduction in veterinary medicine. It is demonstrated that the absence of steroidal hormones leads to significant regression of uterine tissue and glandular hyperplasia, as well as reduction in estrogen and progesterone receptors and markers of tissue proliferation, in the uterus of female dogs, six months after ovariectomy. Significant involution of endometrial hyperplasia was observed, as the size and macroscopic appearance of the uterus. This study reaffirms the important role played by steroid hormones in demonstrating macroscopically, molecularly and histologically the regression of hyperplastic endometrial and glandular tissue when performing ovariectomy in female dogs. Our findings suggest that ovariectomy may induce regression of endometrial hyperplasia and could represent a potential alternative to ovariohysterectomy. However, larger studies including control groups are required to confirm these results and define the clinical applicability of this approach.

囊性子宫内膜增生（CEH）是成年母狗在妊娠期常见的生理影响，可使子宫环境易受细菌感染。众所周知，激素的相互作用，主要是孕激素和雌激素之间的相互作用，是ceh -脓膜复合体发展的关键因素，但其发病机制仍有许多问题。目前的研究提出了一种新的方法，据作者所知尚未在文献中描述，为更好地理解这种影响增加新的信息，并可能为兽医的产科手术和生殖建立新的指导方针。研究表明，雌性犬卵巢切除术后6个月，缺乏甾体激素导致子宫组织明显退化，腺体增生，雌激素和孕激素受体及组织增殖标志物减少。子宫内膜增生明显复旧，如子宫的大小和宏观外观。本研究重申了类固醇激素在宏观、分子和组织学上证明雌性犬卵巢切除术时增生子宫内膜和腺体组织消退的重要作用。我们的研究结果表明，卵巢切除术可能会导致子宫内膜增生的消退，并可能代表一个潜在的替代卵巢子宫切除术。然而，需要包括对照组在内的更大规模的研究来证实这些结果并确定该方法的临床适用性。

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引用次数: 0