Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.2.0049
Joy N Ogbodo, Aondona P. Ihom, Philip. T. Aondona
Further study of stress-strain deformation of some structural reinforcement steel rods with different diameters from a mini mill in Nigeria using theoretical and regression analysis has been undertaken. The work utilized result test of mechanical testing carried out on different sizes of reinforcement steel bars for concrete reinforcement ranging from 10 mm to 28mm in diameter. The deformation pattern of the work was highlighted using stress-strain graph and subjected to theoretical analysis, where the result showed that it is a ductile material with all the deformation regions associated with a ductile material. It equally has an elongation % of 9.36 at the point of failure during the test. Values of % elongation, ultimate tensile strength generated with different sizes of reinforcement steel bar were subjected to different regression models to establish their relationship, and to also find out which model best fit the relationship between the diameter variation of the steel rod and the % elongation, and the diameter variation of the steel rod and the ultimate tensile strength. The result showed that the relationship was linear, and linear regression model was better than hyperbolic curve model, and exponential function model. Therefore linear regression model was used to develop prediction model equations to estimate the values of % elongation and ultimate tensile strength. These models were evaluated using coefficient of determination r2, standard error of regression, confidence limits, standard errors of the intercept (a) and the gradient (b), confidence interval for intercept and gradient, and finally significance test was carried out on the intercept and the gradient. The standard error of regression for model equation Y1 was very small; 0.37, and that of model equation Y2 was 60.18. The coefficient of determination r2 was 21% for model equation Y1 and 1.49% for model equation Y2. The results also show that the general confidence interval has a narrower range than the individual confidence interval. The rank correlation coefficient has indicated that the association of the diameter variation of the steel rod was in perfect negative to the % elongation at failure and ultimate tensile strength. In conclusion this work has further thrown light to the stress-strain deformation of different diameters of structural reinforcement steel rods.
{"title":"Further study of stress-strain deformation of some structural reinforcement steel rods with different diameters from a mini mill in Nigeria using theoretical and regression analysis","authors":"Joy N Ogbodo, Aondona P. Ihom, Philip. T. Aondona","doi":"10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.2.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.2.0049","url":null,"abstract":"Further study of stress-strain deformation of some structural reinforcement steel rods with different diameters from a mini mill in Nigeria using theoretical and regression analysis has been undertaken. The work utilized result test of mechanical testing carried out on different sizes of reinforcement steel bars for concrete reinforcement ranging from 10 mm to 28mm in diameter. The deformation pattern of the work was highlighted using stress-strain graph and subjected to theoretical analysis, where the result showed that it is a ductile material with all the deformation regions associated with a ductile material. It equally has an elongation % of 9.36 at the point of failure during the test. Values of % elongation, ultimate tensile strength generated with different sizes of reinforcement steel bar were subjected to different regression models to establish their relationship, and to also find out which model best fit the relationship between the diameter variation of the steel rod and the % elongation, and the diameter variation of the steel rod and the ultimate tensile strength. The result showed that the relationship was linear, and linear regression model was better than hyperbolic curve model, and exponential function model. Therefore linear regression model was used to develop prediction model equations to estimate the values of % elongation and ultimate tensile strength. These models were evaluated using coefficient of determination r2, standard error of regression, confidence limits, standard errors of the intercept (a) and the gradient (b), confidence interval for intercept and gradient, and finally significance test was carried out on the intercept and the gradient. The standard error of regression for model equation Y1 was very small; 0.37, and that of model equation Y2 was 60.18. The coefficient of determination r2 was 21% for model equation Y1 and 1.49% for model equation Y2. The results also show that the general confidence interval has a narrower range than the individual confidence interval. The rank correlation coefficient has indicated that the association of the diameter variation of the steel rod was in perfect negative to the % elongation at failure and ultimate tensile strength. In conclusion this work has further thrown light to the stress-strain deformation of different diameters of structural reinforcement steel rods.","PeriodicalId":231442,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115085722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0040
Joy N Ogbodo, Philip Tahav Aondona, Aniekan Offiong, Aondona P. Ihom
Analysis of the ductility of reinforcement structural steel rods from some local mini mills in Nigeria using theoretical and statistical approach has been carried out. Ductility is one parameter required of reinforcement structural steels; it prevents sudden failure of reinforced concrete structures. In this work samples were collected from four different mini mills and subjected to tensile test. The initial gauge value of the test specimens was noted. The failed test specimens were then joined together individually to measure the final length at failure and to calculate the % elongation at failure. Stress –strain plots were made to determine the pattern of deformation and failure. The results show that all the specimens have stress-strain curves typical of ductile materials. The % elongation at failure of specimen 3 was the highest at 15.37, the other specimens too all had reasonable % elongation; meaning they are ductile materials. The statistical approach used in the analysis of the work produced results that completely agreed with the theoretical analysis of the work. The statistical analysis used included the use of expected values calculation to select the best ductile specimen, the use of bar chart to show the specimen with the highest % elongation and the one with the lowest value of % elongation, the use of to test if all the specimens have the same % elongation or ductility, and the use of spearman rank correlation coefficient to test if the % elongation is associated with the maximum loading of the specimens. In conclusion the work has highlighted the need for structural reinforcement steel bars to have reasonable ductility in order to avoid sudden failures associated with brittle materials, when used in buildings and other concrete structures.
{"title":"Analysis of the ductility of reinforcement structural steel rods from some local mini mills in Nigeria using theoretical and statistical approach","authors":"Joy N Ogbodo, Philip Tahav Aondona, Aniekan Offiong, Aondona P. Ihom","doi":"10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the ductility of reinforcement structural steel rods from some local mini mills in Nigeria using theoretical and statistical approach has been carried out. Ductility is one parameter required of reinforcement structural steels; it prevents sudden failure of reinforced concrete structures. In this work samples were collected from four different mini mills and subjected to tensile test. The initial gauge value of the test specimens was noted. The failed test specimens were then joined together individually to measure the final length at failure and to calculate the % elongation at failure. Stress –strain plots were made to determine the pattern of deformation and failure. The results show that all the specimens have stress-strain curves typical of ductile materials. The % elongation at failure of specimen 3 was the highest at 15.37, the other specimens too all had reasonable % elongation; meaning they are ductile materials. The statistical approach used in the analysis of the work produced results that completely agreed with the theoretical analysis of the work. The statistical analysis used included the use of expected values calculation to select the best ductile specimen, the use of bar chart to show the specimen with the highest % elongation and the one with the lowest value of % elongation, the use of to test if all the specimens have the same % elongation or ductility, and the use of spearman rank correlation coefficient to test if the % elongation is associated with the maximum loading of the specimens. In conclusion the work has highlighted the need for structural reinforcement steel bars to have reasonable ductility in order to avoid sudden failures associated with brittle materials, when used in buildings and other concrete structures.","PeriodicalId":231442,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0048
B. Fernini
This paper presents a mathematical modeling and simulation investigation on the effect of the equilibrium position on the stability and the energy provided by the robot by proposing four simulation cases. No closed solution for this critical study has been reported. An explicit elbow down model of a 2-R robot has been modelled by adding passive springs. The authors in this paper develop the dynamic of a compliant 2-R robot by using the extended Newton-Euler (N-E) method. The dynamic simulation is investigated by using Matlab/Simulink based on motion with jerk zero at the start-stop path, which guarantees less vibration to the robot’s articulations. The simulation of trajectory is realized by SolidWorks to import the results to Matlab/Simulink for the dynamical simulation. The simulation results show that the energy-saving and good robot stability can be achieved whenever the equilibrium position is close from the beginning of motion with avoiding the unstable phase of the robot during working.
{"title":"Mathematical modelling and simulation investigation of the dynamic behaviour of a compliant 2-R robot by using N-E method Via Matlab/Simulink","authors":"B. Fernini","doi":"10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0048","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a mathematical modeling and simulation investigation on the effect of the equilibrium position on the stability and the energy provided by the robot by proposing four simulation cases. No closed solution for this critical study has been reported. An explicit elbow down model of a 2-R robot has been modelled by adding passive springs. The authors in this paper develop the dynamic of a compliant 2-R robot by using the extended Newton-Euler (N-E) method. The dynamic simulation is investigated by using Matlab/Simulink based on motion with jerk zero at the start-stop path, which guarantees less vibration to the robot’s articulations. The simulation of trajectory is realized by SolidWorks to import the results to Matlab/Simulink for the dynamical simulation. The simulation results show that the energy-saving and good robot stability can be achieved whenever the equilibrium position is close from the beginning of motion with avoiding the unstable phase of the robot during working.","PeriodicalId":231442,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126845937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0045
CHUKWUDI UZODIMMA NWAFOR, CHRISTIAN ONU
Power system collapse has adversely affected the economic and social wellbeing of Nigerians. This paper review electricity energy reform and its impact on system collapse in Nigeria. The data on incidences of total and partial collapse in Nigeria from the year 2000 to 2020 was transformed using natural log and then modeled using ARIMA model. The model was then used to predict both total and partial collapse trend in Nigeria power system from 2022 to 2030. The trend forecast shows that the total collapse will decrease from 1.3 to 0.75 in 2030 and partial collapse will decrease from 1.4 to 0 in 2030. The ARIMA model of both the total collapse and the partial collapse show that the Value< 0.05. This value shows it is highly statistically significant which means that the trend will continue to decrease.
{"title":"Electrical energy reform and its impact on power system collapse in Nigeria","authors":"CHUKWUDI UZODIMMA NWAFOR, CHRISTIAN ONU","doi":"10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Power system collapse has adversely affected the economic and social wellbeing of Nigerians. This paper review electricity energy reform and its impact on system collapse in Nigeria. The data on incidences of total and partial collapse in Nigeria from the year 2000 to 2020 was transformed using natural log and then modeled using ARIMA model. The model was then used to predict both total and partial collapse trend in Nigeria power system from 2022 to 2030. The trend forecast shows that the total collapse will decrease from 1.3 to 0.75 in 2030 and partial collapse will decrease from 1.4 to 0 in 2030. The ARIMA model of both the total collapse and the partial collapse show that the Value< 0.05. This value shows it is highly statistically significant which means that the trend will continue to decrease.","PeriodicalId":231442,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117171636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0027
Julius Okechukwu Anyanwu, Ibeawuchi Chibueze Nze, Ndikom Obed, Chinedum Onyemechi, Charles Odeyovwi Okorefe, Nwagu Chibueze Okoronkwo
An amendment to Annex VI of the protocol of 1997 to amend the international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships was adopted by the International Maritime Organization in October, 2018. Annex VI regulations provides regulations for the prevention of air pollutions from ships, to comply with this requirement, Alternative Marine Power or shore base marine power is seen as an attractive option. Ship owners and other stakeholders in the shipping industry are worried with this development especially combining the cost of diesel and electricity and initial cost of cold ironing project. This study therefore is on comparative study of shore base marine power application as an air pollution mitigation technology in Nigeria seaports. Research objectives and hypotheses were formulated, data were sources from many sources and analyzed. The results of the analysis indicated available air mitigation technology for vessels, it also showed that the cost of cold ironing in Nigeria seaport when compared with the cost of electricity in other countries is significant; recommendations were made based on the results and findings.
{"title":"Comparative study of alternative marine power (cold ironing) application as an air pollution mitigation technology in Nigeria seaports","authors":"Julius Okechukwu Anyanwu, Ibeawuchi Chibueze Nze, Ndikom Obed, Chinedum Onyemechi, Charles Odeyovwi Okorefe, Nwagu Chibueze Okoronkwo","doi":"10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2022.3.1.0027","url":null,"abstract":"An amendment to Annex VI of the protocol of 1997 to amend the international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships was adopted by the International Maritime Organization in October, 2018. Annex VI regulations provides regulations for the prevention of air pollutions from ships, to comply with this requirement, Alternative Marine Power or shore base marine power is seen as an attractive option. Ship owners and other stakeholders in the shipping industry are worried with this development especially combining the cost of diesel and electricity and initial cost of cold ironing project. This study therefore is on comparative study of shore base marine power application as an air pollution mitigation technology in Nigeria seaports. Research objectives and hypotheses were formulated, data were sources from many sources and analyzed. The results of the analysis indicated available air mitigation technology for vessels, it also showed that the cost of cold ironing in Nigeria seaport when compared with the cost of electricity in other countries is significant; recommendations were made based on the results and findings.","PeriodicalId":231442,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126610257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.53294/ijfetr.2022.2.2.0039
Olugbenga Olamigoke, David Chinweuba Onyeali
Bottomhole flowing pressure (BHFP) is a critical parameter in analyzing oil and gas well performance, production forecasting and reservoir management. This study is focused on obtaining feature combinations towards low-error prediction of time-series BHFP in two wells in the Volve field. Three machine learning (ML) models (support vector regression (SVR), a distance-based model; random forest (RF), a tree-based ensemble model and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), a type of recurrent neural network) are used for BHFP prediction in two wells of the Volve field. The data for each well was split such that the first 70% is used in training the model, the next 15% as validation data for selecting the optimal hyperparameters and the last 15% for testing the models. The train and validation sets were used to train the models before making predictions on the test sets. While the SVR and RF models reasonably predicted the BHFP in both wells with a maximum Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 5.0% and 4.3% respectively, the LSTM model performed best across both wells with the MAPE less than 2.9% in both wells. ML model performance was superior for the well with the data distributed more uniformly. The three feature combinations with superior ML model performance for BHFP prediction all have five features in common namely: bottomhole temperature, oil flow rate, gas flow rate, choke size, onstream hours. The workflow in this work can be adopted for fieldwide BHFP prediction.
{"title":"Machine learning prediction of bottomhole flowing pressure as a time series in the volve field","authors":"Olugbenga Olamigoke, David Chinweuba Onyeali","doi":"10.53294/ijfetr.2022.2.2.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2022.2.2.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Bottomhole flowing pressure (BHFP) is a critical parameter in analyzing oil and gas well performance, production forecasting and reservoir management. This study is focused on obtaining feature combinations towards low-error prediction of time-series BHFP in two wells in the Volve field. Three machine learning (ML) models (support vector regression (SVR), a distance-based model; random forest (RF), a tree-based ensemble model and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), a type of recurrent neural network) are used for BHFP prediction in two wells of the Volve field. The data for each well was split such that the first 70% is used in training the model, the next 15% as validation data for selecting the optimal hyperparameters and the last 15% for testing the models. The train and validation sets were used to train the models before making predictions on the test sets. While the SVR and RF models reasonably predicted the BHFP in both wells with a maximum Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 5.0% and 4.3% respectively, the LSTM model performed best across both wells with the MAPE less than 2.9% in both wells. ML model performance was superior for the well with the data distributed more uniformly. The three feature combinations with superior ML model performance for BHFP prediction all have five features in common namely: bottomhole temperature, oil flow rate, gas flow rate, choke size, onstream hours. The workflow in this work can be adopted for fieldwide BHFP prediction.","PeriodicalId":231442,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122634939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.53294/ijfetr.2022.2.2.0031
Arisabor Lucky, Onyinyechi Preciousfaith Erumaka, John Udevieme Eru, Okechukwu Julius Anyanwu
Due to the increasing rate of economic damages of insecurity to the Nigerian maritime industry with cases of loss of revenue to the federal government occasioned by; high freight charges for Nigeria bound cargoes, high insurance premium changeable on both ships and cargoes, coming to Nigerian and total boy-cut of the Nigerian ports by most shipping lines. The researchers were motivated to carry out a research on economic implications of maritime piracy related attacks on Nigeria’s maritime industry. This research was set out to realize some specific objectives while research hypotheses were formulated in this regard to address the objective of this study. Related literatures were reviewed and the research adopted ex-post facto design. Isan E. et al (2004) pointed out that ex-post factor design in research is the type of research in which there is a systematic empirical inquiring in which the researcher does not have direct control of independent variables because their manifestations have already occurred. Data were sourced through secondary means while the hypotheses were tested at 5% level of significance. The result of the analyses indicated that there is no significant relationship between poor performance of maritime industries in Nigeria and piracy activities. It also revealed that there is significant relationship between Nigerian piracy and revenue generation in the oil and maritime sector, also that piracy has recorded significant success in Nigerian territorial waters and that there is significant relationship between Sea piracy and methods of curbing the menace in Nigeria. Based on the revelations of this study, the researchers recommended that radar surveillance of recommended anchorages seaward access to berth, increased random patrols by fast police or coastguard crafts or helicopters be organized, ensuring alignment terminal security staff and port security forces among many others.
由于不安全因素对尼日利亚海运业造成的经济损失日益增加，联邦政府的收入受到损失;到尼日利亚的货物运费高，船舶和货物的保险费都很高，大多数航运公司到尼日利亚和尼日利亚港口的总费用都很高。研究人员的动机是开展一项有关海盗袭击对尼日利亚海运业的经济影响的研究。本研究是为了实现一些具体的目标，同时在这方面制定了研究假设，以解决本研究的目的。在回顾相关文献的基础上，采用事后设计的方法进行研究。Isan E. et al(2004)指出，研究中的事后因素设计是一种进行系统实证探究的研究类型，在这种研究中，由于自变量的表现已经发生，研究者不能直接控制自变量。数据通过二次手段获得，假设在5%显著性水平上进行检验。分析结果表明，尼日利亚海运业表现不佳与海盗活动之间没有显著关系。报告还显示，尼日利亚海盗行为与石油和海事部门的创收之间存在重大关系，海盗行为在尼日利亚领海取得了重大成功，海盗行为与尼日利亚遏制威胁的方法之间存在重大关系。根据这项研究的启示，研究人员建议对推荐的锚地进行雷达监视，并组织快速警察或海岸警卫队船只或直升机进行随机巡逻，确保码头安全人员和港口安全部队以及其他许多人保持一致。
{"title":"Economic implications of maritime piracy related attacks on Nigeria’s maritime industry","authors":"Arisabor Lucky, Onyinyechi Preciousfaith Erumaka, John Udevieme Eru, Okechukwu Julius Anyanwu","doi":"10.53294/ijfetr.2022.2.2.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2022.2.2.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing rate of economic damages of insecurity to the Nigerian maritime industry with cases of loss of revenue to the federal government occasioned by; high freight charges for Nigeria bound cargoes, high insurance premium changeable on both ships and cargoes, coming to Nigerian and total boy-cut of the Nigerian ports by most shipping lines. The researchers were motivated to carry out a research on economic implications of maritime piracy related attacks on Nigeria’s maritime industry. This research was set out to realize some specific objectives while research hypotheses were formulated in this regard to address the objective of this study. Related literatures were reviewed and the research adopted ex-post facto design. Isan E. et al (2004) pointed out that ex-post factor design in research is the type of research in which there is a systematic empirical inquiring in which the researcher does not have direct control of independent variables because their manifestations have already occurred. Data were sourced through secondary means while the hypotheses were tested at 5% level of significance. The result of the analyses indicated that there is no significant relationship between poor performance of maritime industries in Nigeria and piracy activities. It also revealed that there is significant relationship between Nigerian piracy and revenue generation in the oil and maritime sector, also that piracy has recorded significant success in Nigerian territorial waters and that there is significant relationship between Sea piracy and methods of curbing the menace in Nigeria. Based on the revelations of this study, the researchers recommended that radar surveillance of recommended anchorages seaward access to berth, increased random patrols by fast police or coastguard crafts or helicopters be organized, ensuring alignment terminal security staff and port security forces among many others.","PeriodicalId":231442,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126529319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.53294/ijfetr.2022.2.1.0033
Julius Gbenga Akinbomi, Abraham Gbenga Obafaiye, Aminu Kabir Adeola
Valourisation of non-biodegradable wastes into value added products like shoe polish can indeed be an effective tool for waste management and climate change mitigation. However, having appropriate shoe polish viscosity is important for customer satisfaction as too thick or too thin shoe polish may not result in desired customer satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of process variables (water repellant nature, process temperature, carbon black source and particle size, as well as, composition type and quantity) on shoe polish viscosity. The viscosity values of the various samples of shoe polish produced using carbon black pigments from batteries, pyrolytic rubber tyres, plastic bottle and water sachets wastes were determined. From the results obtained, it could be observed that shoe polish samples that had almost the same value of dynamic viscosity (η = 0.2389) with that of the commercial Kiwi shoe polish included the shoe polish with used vegetable oil as water repellant and the shoe polish with dye sourced from discarded batteries and plastic bottle wastes but with particle sixe of 0.80 mm. On comparison of the viscosity values of other shoe polish samples with that of the Kiwi shoe polish, it was observed that all shoe polish samples evaluated for all the distinctive process variables except temperature had comparable viscosity with that of Kiwi shoe polish. The real difference in viscosities of the shoe polish samples was observed when the process temperature was below 60 °C. This indicates that temperature as a process variable is the main determining factor regarding the viscosity of the shoe polish samples.
{"title":"Influence of process variables on shoe polish viscosity","authors":"Julius Gbenga Akinbomi, Abraham Gbenga Obafaiye, Aminu Kabir Adeola","doi":"10.53294/ijfetr.2022.2.1.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2022.2.1.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Valourisation of non-biodegradable wastes into value added products like shoe polish can indeed be an effective tool for waste management and climate change mitigation. However, having appropriate shoe polish viscosity is important for customer satisfaction as too thick or too thin shoe polish may not result in desired customer satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of process variables (water repellant nature, process temperature, carbon black source and particle size, as well as, composition type and quantity) on shoe polish viscosity. The viscosity values of the various samples of shoe polish produced using carbon black pigments from batteries, pyrolytic rubber tyres, plastic bottle and water sachets wastes were determined. From the results obtained, it could be observed that shoe polish samples that had almost the same value of dynamic viscosity (η = 0.2389) with that of the commercial Kiwi shoe polish included the shoe polish with used vegetable oil as water repellant and the shoe polish with dye sourced from discarded batteries and plastic bottle wastes but with particle sixe of 0.80 mm. On comparison of the viscosity values of other shoe polish samples with that of the Kiwi shoe polish, it was observed that all shoe polish samples evaluated for all the distinctive process variables except temperature had comparable viscosity with that of Kiwi shoe polish. The real difference in viscosities of the shoe polish samples was observed when the process temperature was below 60 °C. This indicates that temperature as a process variable is the main determining factor regarding the viscosity of the shoe polish samples.","PeriodicalId":231442,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130316279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.53294/ijfetr.2021.1.2.0062
Benson Chinweuba Udeh
Report on processing of Ogbolokuta limestone through calcination technique for quicklime production is presented. The limestone was washed to remove impurities, dried, ground in to powder form and classified with the aid of the automatic vibrating sieves of 80mm, 90mm, 100mm, 300mm and 425mm. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical compositions of the limestone, while its mineralogical composition was determined by X-ray diffractometer. Scanning electron microscope was used to study the surface morphology of the sample. Sample size area was grossly estimated by Langmuir method, while density functional theory was used to obtain different pore structural morphology of the sample. Analyses of the results showed that CaO (65.7%) is the predominant chemical constituent, and calcite is the main mineral of the limestone. Quicklime was successfully produced from Ogbolokuta limestone through calcination process. Calcination of the limestone enhanced its surface morphology. The quicklime yield was temperature, particle size and time dependent.
{"title":"Processing of Ogbolokuta limestone through calcination technique for quicklime production","authors":"Benson Chinweuba Udeh","doi":"10.53294/ijfetr.2021.1.2.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2021.1.2.0062","url":null,"abstract":"Report on processing of Ogbolokuta limestone through calcination technique for quicklime production is presented. The limestone was washed to remove impurities, dried, ground in to powder form and classified with the aid of the automatic vibrating sieves of 80mm, 90mm, 100mm, 300mm and 425mm. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical compositions of the limestone, while its mineralogical composition was determined by X-ray diffractometer. Scanning electron microscope was used to study the surface morphology of the sample. Sample size area was grossly estimated by Langmuir method, while density functional theory was used to obtain different pore structural morphology of the sample. Analyses of the results showed that CaO (65.7%) is the predominant chemical constituent, and calcite is the main mineral of the limestone. Quicklime was successfully produced from Ogbolokuta limestone through calcination process. Calcination of the limestone enhanced its surface morphology. The quicklime yield was temperature, particle size and time dependent.","PeriodicalId":231442,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131557222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.53294/ijfetr.2021.1.1.0045
Obi LE, Uwanugo RG, Uchejiora M
The dearth of construction materials has been the bane of the global construction industry. In a bid to curb this menace, it becomes very imperative to source for construction materials from discarded and least costly materials from raffia, bamboo and coconut fibers. This research investigates the hydrothermal response of plant fiber-reinforced-polyester composites (PFRC). Imperical methods were used to determine the mechanical properties of PFRC (bamboo, raffia and coconut fiber composites), with the usage of Monasanto Tensometer testing machine. All the samples were chemically modified with 12.5g of sodium hydroxide. Numerical and micro-soft excel graphics were used to model compressive responses of the PFRCs. From the analyses, the compressive strengths of raffia, bamboo and coconut composites are 40, 45 and 38MPa respectively.
{"title":"Investigation of water and heat response to the compression property of raffia, bamboo and coconut fiber-reinforced-polyester composites","authors":"Obi LE, Uwanugo RG, Uchejiora M","doi":"10.53294/ijfetr.2021.1.1.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2021.1.1.0045","url":null,"abstract":"The dearth of construction materials has been the bane of the global construction industry. In a bid to curb this menace, it becomes very imperative to source for construction materials from discarded and least costly materials from raffia, bamboo and coconut fibers. This research investigates the hydrothermal response of plant fiber-reinforced-polyester composites (PFRC). Imperical methods were used to determine the mechanical properties of PFRC (bamboo, raffia and coconut fiber composites), with the usage of Monasanto Tensometer testing machine. All the samples were chemically modified with 12.5g of sodium hydroxide. Numerical and micro-soft excel graphics were used to model compressive responses of the PFRCs. From the analyses, the compressive strengths of raffia, bamboo and coconut composites are 40, 45 and 38MPa respectively.","PeriodicalId":231442,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124796601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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