Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.22425/jul.2023.24.1.57
Adaobi Ngozi Okoye
Experiential verbs provide information on the type of stimulus experienced by an entity. The experiential verb class provides certain features across languages. One of the features concerns their ability to allow arguments to change positions in their occurrences as subjects and objects in sentential constructs without a resultant meaning change. The present study explores this verb class in Etulo, a Benue Congo language of the Niger-Congo language family. Specifically, this study attempts a description of the Etulo verbs that convey information about an entity’s experience. The features provided by the Etulo verbs are examined in line with cross linguistics features ascribed to experiential verbs. Data for the study were elicited from competent native Etulo speakers residing
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.22425/jul.2023.24.1.25
Isaiah Aluya
{"title":"Stance Acts in Select Nigerian and South Korean News Report on\u0000 COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Isaiah Aluya","doi":"10.22425/jul.2023.24.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22425/jul.2023.24.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Universal Language","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114322694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.22425/jul.2023.24.1.1
Axel Altmann
{"title":"Commonality in Sound Branding: A Comparative Study of the Perception\u0000 of Obstruents in Korean and English","authors":"Axel Altmann","doi":"10.22425/jul.2023.24.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22425/jul.2023.24.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Universal Language","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133714525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.22425/jul.2023.24.1.77
SunYoung Park
With globalization and the increased need for cross-cultural communication, it appears that multilingualism has become more entrenched than ever and that the capacity to speak multiple languages is a significant advantage in most societies. However, the ability to speak multiple languages is not evenly distributed and having a dominant language as an alternative often leads to social disparities. The current paper explores how languages are used currently around the world, and how language dynamics works these days. It then identifies the prevalent issues that could be
{"title":"Multilingualism, Social Inequality, and the Need for a Universal\u0000 Language","authors":"SunYoung Park","doi":"10.22425/jul.2023.24.1.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22425/jul.2023.24.1.77","url":null,"abstract":"With globalization and the increased need for cross-cultural communication, it appears that multilingualism has become more entrenched than ever and that the capacity to speak multiple languages is a significant advantage in most societies. However, the ability to speak multiple languages is not evenly distributed and having a dominant language as an alternative often leads to social disparities. The current paper explores how languages are used currently around the world, and how language dynamics works these days. It then identifies the prevalent issues that could be","PeriodicalId":231529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Universal Language","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132744459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.22425/jul.2022.23.2.77
Emmanuel Ọmọniyì Ọláńrewájú
This paper is an in-depth analysis of constituent interrogatives in Central Yorùbá (CY) dialects, detailing the forms and strategies employed for them with a view to examining the features that CY dialects as a group exhibit in common. Primary and secondary data were collected and subjected to syntactic analysis. This paper adopts the split CP hypothesis of Noam Chomsky’s minimalist program (MP) of generative grammar. CY dialects use question nouns (QNs), question verb (QV) and interrogative qualifiers to form their non-echoed questions. In CY dialects, the QN kà in kabi ( ka ibi ) ‘where’ does not move through the spec FocP, it is externally merged at the spec-InterP. Implying that not all QNs occupy the spec FocP in constituent interrogatives in the dialects. Focus markers ni , li and ri are also optionally dropped in the dialects.
本文对中部Yorùbá (CY)方言的疑问句进行了深入的分析，详细介绍了疑问句的形式和使用策略，以考察中部方言作为一个群体所表现出的共同特征。收集一手和第二手资料并进行句法分析。本文采用乔姆斯基生成语法的极简程序(MP)的分裂CP假设。CY方言使用疑问名词(QNs)、疑问动词(QV)和疑问句限定词来构成非重复疑问句。在CY方言中，QN k In kabi (ka ibi) ' where '不通过spec fcp移动，它在spec- interp外部合并。这意味着并不是所有的qn都占据方言组成疑问句的特定的FocP。焦点标记ni, li和ri在方言中也被选择性地删除。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.22425/jul.2022.23.2.133
Tsige Yohannes Zeleke, Desalaegn Hagos Asfawwesen
The current paper focuses on a descriptive approach to valency decreasing in five SESL (Amharic, Kɨstane, Məsqan, Harari and Endəgaɲ). As a result, a simple descriptive viewpoint does not compel the data analysis to comply with an explicitly theorized framework. By using the elicitation method, native speakers were consulted to access the data. It has been debated whether the value is a semantic or syntactic concept. As a syntactic concept, it is used to denote the number of arguments in construction and, semantically, to refer to the participants in an event. Since SESL is spoken in Ethiopia, we can identify various transitivity classes of verbs: verbs that are intransitive; those that are transitive; and verbs that are used ditransitively. Aside from these, verbs can be used in transitive or intransitive sentences. The existence of grammatical relations in the language is clearly demonstrated, which is essential to the examination of the concept of valency in SESL. Similar to many other languages, SESL has morphosyntactic tools for changing the valency of verbs. The valency of verbs changes depending on how these morphosyntactic processes are used. Passivization, reflexivization, and reciprocation are the main valency-decreasing techniques in SESL.
本文重点研究了五种SESL(阿姆哈拉语、K ā stane语、M ā sqan语、哈拉里语和End ā ga ā n语)的价降描述方法。因此，简单的描述性观点并不能迫使数据分析遵循明确的理论化框架。采用启发式方法，咨询母语人士获取数据。该值是语义概念还是句法概念一直存在争议。作为一个语法概念，它用于表示构造中的参数数量，并在语义上引用事件中的参与者。由于埃塞俄比亚人使用SESL语言，我们可以识别出各种及物性动词:不及物动词;传递物;以及动词的及物性。除此之外，动词还可以用于及物句或不及物句中。语言中语法关系的存在得到了清晰的展示，这对于检验《SESL》中的配价概念至关重要。与许多其他语言类似，SESL具有用于更改动词配价的形态语法工具。动词的配价取决于如何使用这些形态句法过程。钝化、反射化和往复化是SESL中主要的降价技术。
{"title":"Valency Decreasing in South Ethio-Semitic Languages","authors":"Tsige Yohannes Zeleke, Desalaegn Hagos Asfawwesen","doi":"10.22425/jul.2022.23.2.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22425/jul.2022.23.2.133","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper focuses on a descriptive approach to valency decreasing in five SESL (Amharic, Kɨstane, Məsqan, Harari and Endəgaɲ). As a result, a simple descriptive viewpoint does not compel the data analysis to comply with an explicitly theorized framework. By using the elicitation method, native speakers were consulted to access the data. It has been debated whether the value is a semantic or syntactic concept. As a syntactic concept, it is used to denote the number of arguments in construction and, semantically, to refer to the participants in an event. Since SESL is spoken in Ethiopia, we can identify various transitivity classes of verbs: verbs that are intransitive; those that are transitive; and verbs that are used ditransitively. Aside from these, verbs can be used in transitive or intransitive sentences. The existence of grammatical relations in the language is clearly demonstrated, which is essential to the examination of the concept of valency in SESL. Similar to many other languages, SESL has morphosyntactic tools for changing the valency of verbs. The valency of verbs changes depending on how these morphosyntactic processes are used. Passivization, reflexivization, and reciprocation are the main valency-decreasing techniques in SESL.","PeriodicalId":231529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Universal Language","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132455282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.22425/jul.2022.23.2.109
Perpetual Usenbo
The aim of this paper is to explain the syntax of yes/no questions in Ẹ̀dó language. In line with its aim, the paper answers two research questions. First, what is the structure of yes/no questions? Second, how is this structure derived? The study relies on primary data from a questionnaire survey and observation of the language in use, as well as secondary data from a textual corpus. The corpus shows Ẹ̀dó forms polar questions in two ways: the use of prosody and five question markers. This paper confirms the position of previous studies; these markers have distinct distributions. Notwithstanding, it posits Ẹ̀dó polar questions have the same structure. This submission is born out of the proposal of a split complementiser system for the language. The paper bases its argument on the lexicon, similarities between movement operations in polar questions and other syntactic processes, and the simultaneous occurrence of question markers and other types of complementisers. Analyses show question markers project a functional phrase in the proposed system; one may stack the phrase to accommodate constructions with two or more question markers. On the question of derivation, the study explains using the concept of phases from the minimalist program. This paper suggests delaying the spell-out of lower phases is more useful for checking and deleting features of the question markers.
{"title":"Yes/No Questions in Ẹ̀dó: Structure and Derivation","authors":"Perpetual Usenbo","doi":"10.22425/jul.2022.23.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22425/jul.2022.23.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to explain the syntax of yes/no questions in Ẹ̀dó language. In line with its aim, the paper answers two research questions. First, what is the structure of yes/no questions? Second, how is this structure derived? The study relies on primary data from a questionnaire survey and observation of the language in use, as well as secondary data from a textual corpus. The corpus shows Ẹ̀dó forms polar questions in two ways: the use of prosody and five question markers. This paper confirms the position of previous studies; these markers have distinct distributions. Notwithstanding, it posits Ẹ̀dó polar questions have the same structure. This submission is born out of the proposal of a split complementiser system for the language. The paper bases its argument on the lexicon, similarities between movement operations in polar questions and other syntactic processes, and the simultaneous occurrence of question markers and other types of complementisers. Analyses show question markers project a functional phrase in the proposed system; one may stack the phrase to accommodate constructions with two or more question markers. On the question of derivation, the study explains using the concept of phases from the minimalist program. This paper suggests delaying the spell-out of lower phases is more useful for checking and deleting features of the question markers.","PeriodicalId":231529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Universal Language","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116909316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.22425/jul.2022.23.2.1
O. Evbuomwan, Veronica Edamwe Edobor-Uzamere
Nouns in the Ẹdo language have been analysed as obligatorily beginning with a vowel. This paper examines personal names as one instance in which that previously conclusive assumption is violated. The synchronic data analysed in this study show that personal names are freely transformed in such a way that they are used with word initial consonants. The study considers this phenomenon as a 2 CV Driven Resyllabification of Personal Names in Ẹdo resyllabification process that seeks to modify personal names to a CVCV syllable pattern. The study analysed personal names that were collected from Ẹdo speakers across the three local government areas that make up Benin city, the capital of Edo state, Nigeria. The study relies on the principles of the CV-phonology model that began in Clements & Keyser and finds that many Ẹdo personal names are functional with or without the word-initial vowels, a re-syllabified name may become meaningless, have adjusted meaning or retain its original meaning. The paper concludes that resyllabification in multi-syllabic personal names is gradual and the overall goal is to reduce them to CVCV syllable patterns.
{"title":"CV Driven Resyllabification of Personal Names in Ẹdo","authors":"O. Evbuomwan, Veronica Edamwe Edobor-Uzamere","doi":"10.22425/jul.2022.23.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22425/jul.2022.23.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Nouns in the Ẹdo language have been analysed as obligatorily beginning with a vowel. This paper examines personal names as one instance in which that previously conclusive assumption is violated. The synchronic data analysed in this study show that personal names are freely transformed in such a way that they are used with word initial consonants. The study considers this phenomenon as a 2 CV Driven Resyllabification of Personal Names in Ẹdo resyllabification process that seeks to modify personal names to a CVCV syllable pattern. The study analysed personal names that were collected from Ẹdo speakers across the three local government areas that make up Benin city, the capital of Edo state, Nigeria. The study relies on the principles of the CV-phonology model that began in Clements & Keyser and finds that many Ẹdo personal names are functional with or without the word-initial vowels, a re-syllabified name may become meaningless, have adjusted meaning or retain its original meaning. The paper concludes that resyllabification in multi-syllabic personal names is gradual and the overall goal is to reduce them to CVCV syllable patterns.","PeriodicalId":231529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Universal Language","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128497876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.22425/jul.2022.23.1.147
Lysander Schleh
Diminutives, long an area of interest for researchers in phonology and morphology, are typically formed by the suffixation of a diminutive affix onto a root word and denote the smallness or youthfulness of whatever is referred to. In Yangxin Gan, a dialect of Gan spoken in southern Hubei, China, diminutive forms are highly variable. They may be formed by the addition of a diminutive morpheme, the insertion of a high-rising tone, insertion of a nasal or change in vowel quality. The latter three processes may simultaneously apply in cases where the diminutive is monosyllabic, in which case a high-rising tone is obligatory, although the phonological realization of the nasal and nucleus is variable. While these sound change processes are seemingly unpredictable, this paper seeks to account for them through an Optimality Theory analysis in which feature spreading is partially determined by the underlying feature specification of vowels and partially by language-specific constraint rankings. Outlier examples are suggested to present evidence of contrast preservation and different diminutive forms are argued to be different phonological realizations of a single diminutive morpheme.
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