Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-3-20
V. Kaplunenko, N.V. Kosinov, A. Skalny
In the review article, electrically charged molecular groups on the surface of the virus were considered as targets for antiviral agents. The prospects of trace element application in a low oxidation state as antiviral agents have been shown. An electrical model of SARS-CoV-2 has been developed in the form of a multilayer structure, where each shell corresponds to electrically charged proteins on the surface of the virus. The model reveals the role of Coulomb forces in adsorption and fusion processes and makes it possible to identify vulnerabilities in the coronavirus that are sensitive to electrically charged substances and to an electric field. The mechanism of antiviral action of trace elements is disclosed, based on the suppression of electrostatic interaction of virus with the cell by neutralizing the charges on the surface of the virus and the cell. This allows the selection of oligopeptides and trace elements in low oxidation states to suppress the adsorption capacity of viruses. The special role of trace elements is that many potential targets that are inaccessible to antibodies and other large molecules are easily available to trace elements.
{"title":"VULNERABLE ELECTRICALLY CHARGED SARS-COV-2 POINTS, ELECTRIC MODEL OF THE VIRUS AND ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN ITS INACTIVATION","authors":"V. Kaplunenko, N.V. Kosinov, A. Skalny","doi":"10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-3-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-3-20","url":null,"abstract":"In the review article, electrically charged molecular groups on the surface of the virus were considered as targets for antiviral agents. The prospects of trace element application in a low oxidation state as antiviral agents have been shown. An electrical model of SARS-CoV-2 has been developed in the form of a multilayer structure, where each shell corresponds to electrically charged proteins on the surface of the virus. The model reveals the role of Coulomb forces in adsorption and fusion processes and makes it possible to identify vulnerabilities in the coronavirus that are sensitive to electrically charged substances and to an electric field. The mechanism of antiviral action of trace elements is disclosed, based on the suppression of electrostatic interaction of virus with the cell by neutralizing the charges on the surface of the virus and the cell. This allows the selection of oligopeptides and trace elements in low oxidation states to suppress the adsorption capacity of viruses. The special role of trace elements is that many potential targets that are inaccessible to antibodies and other large molecules are easily available to trace elements.","PeriodicalId":23176,"journal":{"name":"Trace elements in medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"3-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80427035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-60-71
I. A. Lapik, K. M. Gapparova, A. Galchenko
Low caloric diet is used in the complex treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the reduced caloric food can inadvertently lead to decreased intake of micronutrients. The main goal of the research was to assess the necessity and effectiveness of the vitamin-mineral complex in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with obesity. Methods: 80 females suffering from type 2 diabetes and obesity, ranging from 40 to 65 years old participated in the study. The total patients were divided into two groups, each containing 40 patients. All patients were given a personalized diet and 1000mg of metformin every day. The experimental group, besides that, received vitamin-mineral complex. The biochemical analysis of the blood, composition of the body, and the complaint on micronutrient deficiency were taken before the experiment and after 14 days of the therapy. Results: Supplementation of the vitamin-mineral complex was associated with higher blood serum levels of vitamins B6, B12, B9, C, D, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc, and lower levels of glucose. Clinical manifestations, associated with micronutrient deficiency, were significantly decreased in patients who were given vitamin-mineral complex. All these changes were valid both in relation to the initial level in the study group and to the indicators after treatment in the control group. Conclusion: Micronutrient supplements may be a very important part of the combined therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity.
{"title":"THE USE OF A VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX IN THE COMBINED THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CLINICAL TRIAL","authors":"I. A. Lapik, K. M. Gapparova, A. Galchenko","doi":"10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-60-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-60-71","url":null,"abstract":"Low caloric diet is used in the complex treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the reduced caloric food can inadvertently lead to decreased intake of micronutrients. The main goal of the research was to assess the necessity and effectiveness of the vitamin-mineral complex in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with obesity. Methods: 80 females suffering from type 2 diabetes and obesity, ranging from 40 to 65 years old participated in the study. The total patients were divided into two groups, each containing 40 patients. All patients were given a personalized diet and 1000mg of metformin every day. The experimental group, besides that, received vitamin-mineral complex. The biochemical analysis of the blood, composition of the body, and the complaint on micronutrient deficiency were taken before the experiment and after 14 days of the therapy. Results: Supplementation of the vitamin-mineral complex was associated with higher blood serum levels of vitamins B6, B12, B9, C, D, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc, and lower levels of glucose. Clinical manifestations, associated with micronutrient deficiency, were significantly decreased in patients who were given vitamin-mineral complex. All these changes were valid both in relation to the initial level in the study group and to the indicators after treatment in the control group. Conclusion: Micronutrient supplements may be a very important part of the combined therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity.","PeriodicalId":23176,"journal":{"name":"Trace elements in medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"60-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75828293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-21-31
E. A. Muzyko, L. I. Laschenova, G. A. Tkacheva, V. Perfilova
Trace elements take part in the implementation of the most important metabolic processes of the body. Violation of trace element homeostasis during pregnancy leads to the formation of various pathologies. Deficiency of zinc, manganese, selenium and cobalt, high or low copper content in the blood of a pregnant woman increases the risk of developing preeclampsia, anemia and miscarriages. А low boron content is observed with gestational diabetes mellitus and chronic arterial hypertension in pregnant women. Cobalt deficiency is associated with an increased risk of premature birth, the development of iron deficiency anemia, and arterial hypertension during gestation. A sufficient amount of molybdenum is necessary for the onset of pregnancy, its lack leads to a change in carbohydrate metabolism, the formation of xanthine stones, the occurrence of nausea, anemia and caries in pregnant women. Nickel deficiency leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia and impairment of reproductive function, and its excess can contribute to the formation of gestational diabetes mellitus. The addition of trivalent chromium to the diet of women with polycystic ovary syndrome increases the likelihood of pregnancy, and an excess of its hexavalent form positively correlates with the risk of developing preeclampsia and premature rupture of membranes. The increased consumption of Ni, Cr6+ and F has an adverse effect on the health of the pregnant woman. To fully understand the role of trace elements in ensuring maternal health and the proper development of the fetus, further studies of their concentrations and control values in amniotic fluid, maternal serum and umbilical cord blood during pregnancy are needed to determine the optimal level of supplementation and to quickly diagnose maternal and embryonic mineral metabolic disorders.
{"title":"ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS DURING PREGNANCY","authors":"E. A. Muzyko, L. I. Laschenova, G. A. Tkacheva, V. Perfilova","doi":"10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-21-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-21-31","url":null,"abstract":"Trace elements take part in the implementation of the most important metabolic processes of the body. Violation of trace element homeostasis during pregnancy leads to the formation of various pathologies. Deficiency of zinc, manganese, selenium and cobalt, high or low copper content in the blood of a pregnant woman increases the risk of developing preeclampsia, anemia and miscarriages. А low boron content is observed with gestational diabetes mellitus and chronic arterial hypertension in pregnant women. Cobalt deficiency is associated with an increased risk of premature birth, the development of iron deficiency anemia, and arterial hypertension during gestation. A sufficient amount of molybdenum is necessary for the onset of pregnancy, its lack leads to a change in carbohydrate metabolism, the formation of xanthine stones, the occurrence of nausea, anemia and caries in pregnant women. Nickel deficiency leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia and impairment of reproductive function, and its excess can contribute to the formation of gestational diabetes mellitus. The addition of trivalent chromium to the diet of women with polycystic ovary syndrome increases the likelihood of pregnancy, and an excess of its hexavalent form positively correlates with the risk of developing preeclampsia and premature rupture of membranes. The increased consumption of Ni, Cr6+ and F has an adverse effect on the health of the pregnant woman. To fully understand the role of trace elements in ensuring maternal health and the proper development of the fetus, further studies of their concentrations and control values in amniotic fluid, maternal serum and umbilical cord blood during pregnancy are needed to determine the optimal level of supplementation and to quickly diagnose maternal and embryonic mineral metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":23176,"journal":{"name":"Trace elements in medicine","volume":"1997 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78112609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-44-51
L. Chernova
An imbalance of trace elements plays a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of Autism Spec-trum Disorder (ASD) and Speech Development Delay (SDD). The aim of the study was to analyze an essential trace elements content in the hair samples of children with ASD and SDD for better understanding age and gender related diversity. The study included 258 children with ASD and 239 children with SDD. Control group consisted of 620 healthy children of similar age. All children were divided into two age categories (1.5 to 3 years old and 4 to 13 years old). It was shown that girls with ASD had more deviations in hair essential trace elements levels than boys. Children with ASD and SDD (1.5 to 3 years old) had significantly decreased hair iodine level (by 48-58%, p < 0.0001). Low iodine level can be a significant indicator of mental and speech development delay. Normalization of hair iodine level in older boys with ASD accompanied by significant decrease in hair cobalt level (by 24%, p = 0.0001) may reflect age-related characteristics of iodine and cobalt metabolism. Low hair manganese level (by 12-44%, p < 0.05) was observed in all groups of children. It’s possibly associated with decreased manganese excretion from the body and can provoke manganese-induced neurotoxicity. The decrease in copper levels in girls of different ages (by 9-17%, p < 0.01) is probably influenced by hormonal status and earlier onset of puberty.
{"title":"ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS: POSSIBLE ROLE IN THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND SPEECH DEVELOPMENT DELAY IN CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGES","authors":"L. Chernova","doi":"10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-44-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-44-51","url":null,"abstract":"An imbalance of trace elements plays a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of Autism Spec-trum Disorder (ASD) and Speech Development Delay (SDD). The aim of the study was to analyze an essential trace elements content in the hair samples of children with ASD and SDD for better understanding age and gender related diversity. The study included 258 children with ASD and 239 children with SDD. Control group consisted of 620 healthy children of similar age. All children were divided into two age categories (1.5 to 3 years old and 4 to 13 years old). It was shown that girls with ASD had more deviations in hair essential trace elements levels than boys. Children with ASD and SDD (1.5 to 3 years old) had significantly decreased hair iodine level (by 48-58%, p < 0.0001). Low iodine level can be a significant indicator of mental and speech development delay. Normalization of hair iodine level in older boys with ASD accompanied by significant decrease in hair cobalt level (by 24%, p = 0.0001) may reflect age-related characteristics of iodine and cobalt metabolism. Low hair manganese level (by 12-44%, p < 0.05) was observed in all groups of children. It’s possibly associated with decreased manganese excretion from the body and can provoke manganese-induced neurotoxicity. The decrease in copper levels in girls of different ages (by 9-17%, p < 0.01) is probably influenced by hormonal status and earlier onset of puberty.","PeriodicalId":23176,"journal":{"name":"Trace elements in medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89180620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-52-59
O. Vrzhesinskaya, V. M. Kodentsova, N. A. Beketova, O. Kosheleva, L. V. Shevyakova, S. Leonenko, A. A. Sokolnikov, I. Aksenov
The diet of the majority of the population of Russia is characterized by an insufficient content of a number of micronutrients, including macro- and micronutrients. The aim of the study is to characterize in a rat model experiment the effect of combined nutritional deficiency of calcium, magnesium and iodine on the availability of other mineral substances, vitamin metabolism and biochemical parameters blood plasma. The lack of minerals in growing Wistar male rats with an initial body weight (51.4 ± 0.5) g was created for 23 days by halving of a calcium, magnesium and iodine in the salt mixture. Alimentary deficiency of calcium, magnesium and iodine in growing rats significantly and multidirectionally affected the metabolism of other minerals and vitamins, as well as a number of diagnostically significant indicators of blood and urine. In rats of the experimental group, the liver concentration of α-tocopherol, vitamin B1 and retinol palmitate decreased, the concentration of iron and zinc increased, the copper content in the whole brain decreased significantly. The molar ratio of γ- and α-tocopherols in blood plasma was increased, the concentration of the circulating form of vitamin D decreased. The ratio of AlAT / AsAT (de Ritis coefficient) markedly decreased due to increased activity of AlAT. Phosphate reabsorption decreased slightly. Increased urinary excretion of riboflavin was accompanied by a decrease in its concentration in blood plasma. The conclusion that insufficient intake of calcium, magnesium and iodine may disturb vitamin-mineral status of organism has been made.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ALIMENTARY INSUFFICIENCY OF CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND IODINE ON RAT VITAMIN STATUS","authors":"O. Vrzhesinskaya, V. M. Kodentsova, N. A. Beketova, O. Kosheleva, L. V. Shevyakova, S. Leonenko, A. A. Sokolnikov, I. Aksenov","doi":"10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-52-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-52-59","url":null,"abstract":"The diet of the majority of the population of Russia is characterized by an insufficient content of a number of micronutrients, including macro- and micronutrients. The aim of the study is to characterize in a rat model experiment the effect of combined nutritional deficiency of calcium, magnesium and iodine on the availability of other mineral substances, vitamin metabolism and biochemical parameters blood plasma. The lack of minerals in growing Wistar male rats with an initial body weight (51.4 ± 0.5) g was created for 23 days by halving of a calcium, magnesium and iodine in the salt mixture. Alimentary deficiency of calcium, magnesium and iodine in growing rats significantly and multidirectionally affected the metabolism of other minerals and vitamins, as well as a number of diagnostically significant indicators of blood and urine. In rats of the experimental group, the liver concentration of α-tocopherol, vitamin B1 and retinol palmitate decreased, the concentration of iron and zinc increased, the copper content in the whole brain decreased significantly. The molar ratio of γ- and α-tocopherols in blood plasma was increased, the concentration of the circulating form of vitamin D decreased. The ratio of AlAT / AsAT (de Ritis coefficient) markedly decreased due to increased activity of AlAT. Phosphate reabsorption decreased slightly. Increased urinary excretion of riboflavin was accompanied by a decrease in its concentration in blood plasma. The conclusion that insufficient intake of calcium, magnesium and iodine may disturb vitamin-mineral status of organism has been made.","PeriodicalId":23176,"journal":{"name":"Trace elements in medicine","volume":"516 1","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77119742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-72-77
D. A. Smolyankin, G. V. Timasheva, N. Khusnutdinova, S. S. Baygildin, E. F. Repina, A. Fazlyeva, M. Ziatdinova, Y. Valova
The paper presents the results of studies of metabolic changes in the blood serum of rats on the background of oral administration of cadmium chloride for 2 months. Elevated serum hepatic enzymes are the main indicator of damage to hepatocytes caused by cadmium poisoning. It was shown that in three experimental groups of rats, which were intragastrically injected with CdCl2, the level of activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase was significantly increased compared to the control; on average, the increase in biochemical parameters was 31.8%, 12.9% and 21.9%, respectively. A decrease in the alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood serum of experimental animals, depending on the increase in the dose of the pollutant, is a consequence of the degree of heavy metal damage to the epithelium of the bile ducts. High levels of biochemical parameters of the renal profile, uric acid (UA) and urea, due to impaired glomerular filtration are shown. The noted decrease in the concentration of UA (by 22,3 %) in the 1st experimental group of rats to the level of 87,4±11,6 μmol/L, relative to the negative control (112,5±4,0 μmol/L), indicates a general pathology of the urinary systems induced by heavy metal. The revealed deviations in the indicators of the main biochemical markers of liver and kidney damage serve as a reliable argument characterizing cadmium as a pronounced hepato- and nephrotoxicant.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE LIVER AND KIDNEYS OF LABORATORY ANIMALS AFTER EXPOSURE TO CADMIUM IN A SUB-EXPERIMENT","authors":"D. A. Smolyankin, G. V. Timasheva, N. Khusnutdinova, S. S. Baygildin, E. F. Repina, A. Fazlyeva, M. Ziatdinova, Y. Valova","doi":"10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-72-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-72-77","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of studies of metabolic changes in the blood serum of rats on the background of oral administration of cadmium chloride for 2 months. Elevated serum hepatic enzymes are the main indicator of damage to hepatocytes caused by cadmium poisoning. It was shown that in three experimental groups of rats, which were intragastrically injected with CdCl2, the level of activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase was significantly increased compared to the control; on average, the increase in biochemical parameters was 31.8%, 12.9% and 21.9%, respectively. A decrease in the alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood serum of experimental animals, depending on the increase in the dose of the pollutant, is a consequence of the degree of heavy metal damage to the epithelium of the bile ducts. High levels of biochemical parameters of the renal profile, uric acid (UA) and urea, due to impaired glomerular filtration are shown. The noted decrease in the concentration of UA (by 22,3 %) in the 1st experimental group of rats to the level of 87,4±11,6 μmol/L, relative to the negative control (112,5±4,0 μmol/L), indicates a general pathology of the urinary systems induced by heavy metal. The revealed deviations in the indicators of the main biochemical markers of liver and kidney damage serve as a reliable argument characterizing cadmium as a pronounced hepato- and nephrotoxicant.","PeriodicalId":23176,"journal":{"name":"Trace elements in medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75203180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-32-43
A. Galchenko, A. A. Sherstneva, M. M. Levina
A brief review of the physiology of conditionally essential trace elements and their status among vegetarians and vegans is presented. To date, the biological role of conditionally essential trace elements has been studied much worse than the role of essential trace elements and, especially, macroelements. Nevertheless, they perform a number of important functions in the human body, and the development of their deficiency may lead to unpleasant consequences. Fluorine plays an important role in calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone tissue development. In addition, it is necessary to maintain normal oral flora. With its deficiency, the risk of osteoporosis development increases while the resistance of tooth enamel to bacterial damage decreases. Despite the evidence that vegetarians are more likely to develop caries than omnivores, it is premature to conclude that they are poorly supplied with fluoride, primarily because drinking water is still the main source of fluoride. The most studied function of silicon is its involvement in the collagen synthesis. Thus, with silicon defi-ciency, the formation of connective tissue, including the organic matrix of the bones, is disturbed. Despite the fact that silicon is mainly found in plant foods, vegans should be mindful about its status, since they have an increased risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. There is a lack of data on the physiological significance of bromine. Presumably, it is involved in the activa-tion of certain digestive enzymes, inhibitory processes in the nervous system. Although vegetarians and vegans seem to consume less bromine than omnivores, they are probably at a higher risk of intoxication with this element. This is due to the fact that bromine-containing pesticides are actively used in agriculture and can accumulate in plants. Vegetarians and vegans consume more plant foods. The situation is aggravated by the fact that bromine accumulates more actively against the background of iodine deficiency, which is often observed in these population groups. Boron plays a role in the glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as in the vitamin D, calcium and phosphates exchange, thus participating in the formation of an inorganic matrix of bones. It is unlikely that vegetarians and vegans have an increased risk of developing nutritional deficiency of boron compared to omnivores. However, considering data on a higher risk of vitamin D and calcium deficiency and osteoporosis, monitoring and correction of boron status can affect the prevalence of metabolic disturbances in bone tissue among vegans.
{"title":"CONDITIONALLY ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS IN NUTRITION OF VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS: FLUORINE, SILICON, BROMINE, BORON","authors":"A. Galchenko, A. A. Sherstneva, M. M. Levina","doi":"10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-32-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-32-43","url":null,"abstract":"A brief review of the physiology of conditionally essential trace elements and their status among vegetarians and vegans is presented. To date, the biological role of conditionally essential trace elements has been studied much worse than the role of essential trace elements and, especially, macroelements. Nevertheless, they perform a number of important functions in the human body, and the development of their deficiency may lead to unpleasant consequences. Fluorine plays an important role in calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone tissue development. In addition, it is necessary to maintain normal oral flora. With its deficiency, the risk of osteoporosis development increases while the resistance of tooth enamel to bacterial damage decreases. Despite the evidence that vegetarians are more likely to develop caries than omnivores, it is premature to conclude that they are poorly supplied with fluoride, primarily because drinking water is still the main source of fluoride. The most studied function of silicon is its involvement in the collagen synthesis. Thus, with silicon defi-ciency, the formation of connective tissue, including the organic matrix of the bones, is disturbed. Despite the fact that silicon is mainly found in plant foods, vegans should be mindful about its status, since they have an increased risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. There is a lack of data on the physiological significance of bromine. Presumably, it is involved in the activa-tion of certain digestive enzymes, inhibitory processes in the nervous system. Although vegetarians and vegans seem to consume less bromine than omnivores, they are probably at a higher risk of intoxication with this element. This is due to the fact that bromine-containing pesticides are actively used in agriculture and can accumulate in plants. Vegetarians and vegans consume more plant foods. The situation is aggravated by the fact that bromine accumulates more actively against the background of iodine deficiency, which is often observed in these population groups. Boron plays a role in the glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as in the vitamin D, calcium and phosphates exchange, thus participating in the formation of an inorganic matrix of bones. It is unlikely that vegetarians and vegans have an increased risk of developing nutritional deficiency of boron compared to omnivores. However, considering data on a higher risk of vitamin D and calcium deficiency and osteoporosis, monitoring and correction of boron status can affect the prevalence of metabolic disturbances in bone tissue among vegans.","PeriodicalId":23176,"journal":{"name":"Trace elements in medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"32-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86002091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-1-45-54
N. Golubkina, V. Kharchenko, A. Moldovan, V. Zayachkovsky, V. Stepanov, A. Soldatenko
Celery and parsnip are highly valuable root vegetables and medical plants all over the world. Beneficial effect of plants on human health is connected not only with high content of biologically active compounds but also with specific levels of minerals reflecting geochemical characteristics of habitat, climate and genetic peculiarities. Using ICP-MS method comparative evaluation of 25 minerals content in roots of celery (Egor and Dobrinya cvs) and parsnip (Krugly, Bely Aist, Zhemchug cvs) was achieved. Similar high levels of all macro-elements except Na and Mg were demonstrated for these crops. Contrary to celery, parsnip contains 89 times lower concentrations of sodium and 1.6 time lower content of Mg. In identical environmental conditions celery significantly exceeds parsnip in accumulation of Fe (1.5 times), Mn (1.7 times). Cr (8.6 times), Se (6 times) and Sr (1.8 times). Consumption of 100 g fresh celery roots in human diet provides 48-61% of Cr daily requirement level, 17% of B, about 10% of Fe and 2030% of adequate consumption level. High levels of Sr in celery roots is beneficial for health of human bones but may be harmful in regions with elevated radioactive pollution.
{"title":"GENETIC PECULIARITIES OF MACRO AND TRACE ELEMENTS ACCUMULATION BY ROOTS OF CELERY (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L.) AND PARSNIP (PASTINACA SATIVA L.)","authors":"N. Golubkina, V. Kharchenko, A. Moldovan, V. Zayachkovsky, V. Stepanov, A. Soldatenko","doi":"10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-1-45-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-1-45-54","url":null,"abstract":"Celery and parsnip are highly valuable root vegetables and medical plants all over the world. Beneficial effect of plants on human health is connected not only with high content of biologically active compounds but also with specific levels of minerals reflecting geochemical characteristics of habitat, climate and genetic peculiarities. Using ICP-MS method comparative evaluation of 25 minerals content in roots of celery (Egor and Dobrinya cvs) and parsnip (Krugly, Bely Aist, Zhemchug cvs) was achieved. Similar high levels of all macro-elements except Na and Mg were demonstrated for these crops. Contrary to celery, parsnip contains 89 times lower concentrations of sodium and 1.6 time lower content of Mg. In identical environmental conditions celery significantly exceeds parsnip in accumulation of Fe (1.5 times), Mn (1.7 times). Cr (8.6 times), Se (6 times) and Sr (1.8 times). Consumption of 100 g fresh celery roots in human diet provides 48-61% of Cr daily requirement level, 17% of B, about 10% of Fe and 2030% of adequate consumption level. High levels of Sr in celery roots is beneficial for health of human bones but may be harmful in regions with elevated radioactive pollution.","PeriodicalId":23176,"journal":{"name":"Trace elements in medicine","volume":"251 1","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79408793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-2-23-33
L. L. Klimenko, A. Deev, I. S. Baskakov, M. N. Budanova, A. Zabirova, M. S. Uzhenceva, A. N. Mazilina, M. S. Savostina, O. Senko, A. Kuznecova
The basis of the mechanism of ischemic brain tissue are hematological disorders. It is known that divalent ions influence the formation and structure of fibrin. In connection with this fact, a change in macro- and microelement balance serves as a marker of neurotrophic disturbances in the brain long before their clinical manifestations. The imbalance of metal-ligand homeostasis is an unfavorable background for the debut of ischemic stroke. In a multifactorial coagulation system, specific proteins - Protein C and D-dimers - occupy a key place. Many macro- and microelements are mediators of homeostasis and thrombosis: violations of elemental homeostasis are the molecular basis of the ischemic process. In a study conducted in a clinical setting, the combined dynamics of protein C and D-dimers and a complex of macro- and microelements are shown with a high degree of certainty. Using Spearman correlation analysis, reliable correlations were revealed between the concentrations of protein C, D-dimers and macro- and microelements in patients diagnosed with ischemic insult. In the final part of the mathematical processing of the results, multiple regression analysis was used, with the help of which a reliable relationship between protein C, a component of the blood coagulation system, and the concentration of a complex of macro- and microelements contributing to the central mechanism of etiopathogenesis of ischemic stroke is shown: R = 0.95938848, R2 = 0.92042626.
{"title":"TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE BLOOD COAGULATION SYSTEM IN ISCHEMIC STROKE: A CLINICAL STUDY","authors":"L. L. Klimenko, A. Deev, I. S. Baskakov, M. N. Budanova, A. Zabirova, M. S. Uzhenceva, A. N. Mazilina, M. S. Savostina, O. Senko, A. Kuznecova","doi":"10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-2-23-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-2-23-33","url":null,"abstract":"The basis of the mechanism of ischemic brain tissue are hematological disorders. It is known that divalent ions influence the formation and structure of fibrin. In connection with this fact, a change in macro- and microelement balance serves as a marker of neurotrophic disturbances in the brain long before their clinical manifestations. The imbalance of metal-ligand homeostasis is an unfavorable background for the debut of ischemic stroke. In a multifactorial coagulation system, specific proteins - Protein C and D-dimers - occupy a key place. Many macro- and microelements are mediators of homeostasis and thrombosis: violations of elemental homeostasis are the molecular basis of the ischemic process. In a study conducted in a clinical setting, the combined dynamics of protein C and D-dimers and a complex of macro- and microelements are shown with a high degree of certainty. Using Spearman correlation analysis, reliable correlations were revealed between the concentrations of protein C, D-dimers and macro- and microelements in patients diagnosed with ischemic insult. In the final part of the mathematical processing of the results, multiple regression analysis was used, with the help of which a reliable relationship between protein C, a component of the blood coagulation system, and the concentration of a complex of macro- and microelements contributing to the central mechanism of etiopathogenesis of ischemic stroke is shown: R = 0.95938848, R2 = 0.92042626.","PeriodicalId":23176,"journal":{"name":"Trace elements in medicine","volume":"47 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85211465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-4-40-52
A. Galchenko, R. Ranjit, M. Yakovlev, V. Revyakina
Many people following different religions undergo fasting as their religious courtesy but the effects of being in a Lenten diet among Russians have not been fully studied yet. The research evaluates the effect of fasting on nutritional status during Great Lent. Methodology. The study was performed among 44 people aged 23 to 65 years, including 9 men and 35 women. A physical examination was carried out and their complaints about well-being were noted carefully. The nutrient composition of the diet was determined by the method of frequency analysis of food consumption during the period of the Great Lent. A general blood test was done to assess anaemia. Results. High rate of vitamins A, D, H, and B12, calcium, zinc, chromium, iodine, and molybdenum deficiencies in diet were observed. Many patients complained of dyspepsia, skin dryness, skin peeling, high affinity towards respiratory infections, fatigue, and irritation. The given symptoms were correlated with decreased intake of iodine, zinc, molybdenum, chromium, vitamins H and B12. Conclusion. People who follow Great Lent are recommended to consume a high amount of various fruits and vegetables, nuts, sea algae, green leafy vegetables, thermally processed legumes and grains. For the prevention of vitamins D and B12 deficiencies, it is suggested to consume fortified foods and supplements.
{"title":"NUTRITION AND SOMATIC CONDITION OF THE STAFF OF THE HOSPITAL OF ST. ALEXIS DURING GREAT ORTHODOX LENT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","authors":"A. Galchenko, R. Ranjit, M. Yakovlev, V. Revyakina","doi":"10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-4-40-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-4-40-52","url":null,"abstract":"Many people following different religions undergo fasting as their religious courtesy but the effects of being in a Lenten diet among Russians have not been fully studied yet. The research evaluates the effect of fasting on nutritional status during Great Lent. Methodology. The study was performed among 44 people aged 23 to 65 years, including 9 men and 35 women. A physical examination was carried out and their complaints about well-being were noted carefully. The nutrient composition of the diet was determined by the method of frequency analysis of food consumption during the period of the Great Lent. A general blood test was done to assess anaemia. Results. High rate of vitamins A, D, H, and B12, calcium, zinc, chromium, iodine, and molybdenum deficiencies in diet were observed. Many patients complained of dyspepsia, skin dryness, skin peeling, high affinity towards respiratory infections, fatigue, and irritation. The given symptoms were correlated with decreased intake of iodine, zinc, molybdenum, chromium, vitamins H and B12. Conclusion. People who follow Great Lent are recommended to consume a high amount of various fruits and vegetables, nuts, sea algae, green leafy vegetables, thermally processed legumes and grains. For the prevention of vitamins D and B12 deficiencies, it is suggested to consume fortified foods and supplements.","PeriodicalId":23176,"journal":{"name":"Trace elements in medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"40-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78906596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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