Pub Date : 2022-06-07DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2084420
M. M. Uddin, Guogan Peng, Lingfeng Huang
Abstract In this study, distribution and accumulation of trace elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in water, tissues of aquatic organisms (e.g. fishes: Oreochromis niloticus, Platycephalus indicus, Clupanodon punctatus; crabs: Charybdis japonica, Portunus sanguinolentus, and Charybdis varuegata; prawns: Litopenaeus vannamei, Metapenaeus joyneri, Penaeus japonicas, Penaeus penicillatus; mollusks: Mytilus spp., Perna spp.), and trophic transfer in food web were investigated in Yundang Lagoon at Xiamen in China. Most of the studied metals such as Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb were biodiluted in the food web except As which was biomagnified in the food web. Moreover, the target hazard quotient and total target hazard quotient risk values were higher than threshold limit values indicating that non-carcinogenic health risk to the inhabitants due to consumption of aquatic organisms.
{"title":"Trophic transfer, bioaccumulation, and potential health risk of trace elements in water and aquatic organisms of Yundang Lagoon at Xiamen in China","authors":"M. M. Uddin, Guogan Peng, Lingfeng Huang","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2084420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2084420","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, distribution and accumulation of trace elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in water, tissues of aquatic organisms (e.g. fishes: Oreochromis niloticus, Platycephalus indicus, Clupanodon punctatus; crabs: Charybdis japonica, Portunus sanguinolentus, and Charybdis varuegata; prawns: Litopenaeus vannamei, Metapenaeus joyneri, Penaeus japonicas, Penaeus penicillatus; mollusks: Mytilus spp., Perna spp.), and trophic transfer in food web were investigated in Yundang Lagoon at Xiamen in China. Most of the studied metals such as Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb were biodiluted in the food web except As which was biomagnified in the food web. Moreover, the target hazard quotient and total target hazard quotient risk values were higher than threshold limit values indicating that non-carcinogenic health risk to the inhabitants due to consumption of aquatic organisms.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"242 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46496033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2080222
H. Rajkumar, P Pedda Sadhu Naik, Gagandeep Singh, Madhuri S. Rishi
Abstract This work attempts to identify the latent factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry and assess the groundwater quality and associated health risks in the intermontane valley of Nalagarh in the sub-Himalayan zone in northern India. Analytical results of 64 groundwater samples, 32 each collected during pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons show contrasting results for their major chemical constituents. During pre monsoon period, only 3% of the samples exceed their permissible limits for pH, EC, TH and Mg2+, while during post monsoon period, different parameters, such as TH, Mg2+ and K+, exceed their limits by 9, 16, and 3%, respectively. Gibbs and Piper diagrams reveal that groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by water-sediment (alluvial) interaction. Geochemical signatures and saturation index (SI) further indicate that the weathering and dissolution of silicate, calcite and dolomite minerals mainly contributed to dominance of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3 - ions in the aquifers. Monte Carlo simulation ascertains non-carcinogenic health risks due to NO3 − and F− in different sub-population groups. Deterministic and probabilistic estimates of these parameters via ingestion and dermal routes confirm their percentage hazard toxicity in the order infants (58.38; 39.62%) >children (15.62; 15.85%) >teens (6.25; 2.73%) >adults (6.25; 1.90%) for pre monsoon. The hazard toxicity for deterministic study implies only on infants (9.38%), whereas, the probabilistic simulation extracted the health risk on infants (6.57%), and children (0.58%) during post monsoon. Minor populations with their lower body weights are more vulnerable to groundwater pollution due to greater consumption of liquid diet. Therefore, treated groundwater is strongly recommended to mitigate health morbidities linked with the non-cancerous risks.
{"title":"Hydrogeochemical characterization, multi-exposure deterministic and probabilistic health hazard evaluation in groundwater in parts of Northern India","authors":"H. Rajkumar, P Pedda Sadhu Naik, Gagandeep Singh, Madhuri S. Rishi","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2080222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2080222","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work attempts to identify the latent factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry and assess the groundwater quality and associated health risks in the intermontane valley of Nalagarh in the sub-Himalayan zone in northern India. Analytical results of 64 groundwater samples, 32 each collected during pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons show contrasting results for their major chemical constituents. During pre monsoon period, only 3% of the samples exceed their permissible limits for pH, EC, TH and Mg2+, while during post monsoon period, different parameters, such as TH, Mg2+ and K+, exceed their limits by 9, 16, and 3%, respectively. Gibbs and Piper diagrams reveal that groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by water-sediment (alluvial) interaction. Geochemical signatures and saturation index (SI) further indicate that the weathering and dissolution of silicate, calcite and dolomite minerals mainly contributed to dominance of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3 - ions in the aquifers. Monte Carlo simulation ascertains non-carcinogenic health risks due to NO3 − and F− in different sub-population groups. Deterministic and probabilistic estimates of these parameters via ingestion and dermal routes confirm their percentage hazard toxicity in the order infants (58.38; 39.62%) >children (15.62; 15.85%) >teens (6.25; 2.73%) >adults (6.25; 1.90%) for pre monsoon. The hazard toxicity for deterministic study implies only on infants (9.38%), whereas, the probabilistic simulation extracted the health risk on infants (6.57%), and children (0.58%) during post monsoon. Minor populations with their lower body weights are more vulnerable to groundwater pollution due to greater consumption of liquid diet. Therefore, treated groundwater is strongly recommended to mitigate health morbidities linked with the non-cancerous risks.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"204 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46221134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2065510
J. Muller, L. Y. Chan, M. C. Toffoli-Kadri, M. Mortari, D. Craik, J. Koehbach
Abstract Many analgesic peptides have been isolated from arthropod species such as spiders and scorpions and their three-dimensional structures, which are typically stabilized by several disulfide-bonds, correlate with their activity and molecular targets. In contrast, only individual species of Chilopoda (centipedes) and Insecta (Hymenoptera) have been described to contain antinociceptive peptides and those display only α-helical structures, with the latter also lacking disulfide bonds. Here we review the structural diversity of antinociceptive arthropod peptides and highlight their largely untapped potential for the discovery of novel analgesic lead molecules.
{"title":"Antinociceptive peptides from venomous arthropods","authors":"J. Muller, L. Y. Chan, M. C. Toffoli-Kadri, M. Mortari, D. Craik, J. Koehbach","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2065510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2065510","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many analgesic peptides have been isolated from arthropod species such as spiders and scorpions and their three-dimensional structures, which are typically stabilized by several disulfide-bonds, correlate with their activity and molecular targets. In contrast, only individual species of Chilopoda (centipedes) and Insecta (Hymenoptera) have been described to contain antinociceptive peptides and those display only α-helical structures, with the latter also lacking disulfide bonds. Here we review the structural diversity of antinociceptive arthropod peptides and highlight their largely untapped potential for the discovery of novel analgesic lead molecules.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"362 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46152478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-24DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2068031
E. Valavi, Parisa Amoori, N. Mohtasham, Tahereh Ziaei Kajbaf, M. Taheri, B. Cheraghian, Soodeh Hooshmandi
Abstract Acute kidney injury is a common complication of Hemiscorpius lepturus (HL) scorpion envenomation, via several mechanisms including pigment nephropathy, direct nephrotoxic effects of scorpion venom, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and acute interstitial nephritis. ADAMTS13 deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with severe HL scorpion envenomation and is effective in the development of HUS. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP), by replacing ADAMTS13, has proven effects on HL scorpion envenomated patients with HUS. This study evaluated the role of FFP in reducing of kidney injuries in complicated cases. In this open label randomized clinical trial, a total of 98 patients with massive hemoglobinuria following HL scorpion envenomation were included in the intervention and control groups (49 patients per group). The intervention group received FFP (10 cc/kg every 12 hours for three days) in addition to the anti-venom and other current therapies. Laboratory findings of renal activity, hemolysis, and urinalysis were evaluated in both groups, and maximum changes were compared. Comparison of maximum changes in laboratory findings between the two groups showed that administration of FFP can significantly reduce the deterioration of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine (Cr) levels in the intervention group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In comparison with the control group, the incidence of proteinuria was significantly lower (p = 0.012), reduction of platelet count was significantly less (p = 0.044), and increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and leukocytosis was lower in the intervention group (p = 0.037 and p = 0.007, respectively). The mean length of hospital stay was 5.44 days in the intervention group and 5.933 days in the control group (p = 0.149). According to the present findings, FFP can significantly reduce the development of kidney damage after HL scorpion envenomation and can be safely used against the fatal progression of venom complications in severe cases, along with other common treatments.
{"title":"Beneficial effect of fresh frozen plasma in reducing renal complications in Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion envenomated children with severe hemoglobinuria: an open label randomized clinical trial","authors":"E. Valavi, Parisa Amoori, N. Mohtasham, Tahereh Ziaei Kajbaf, M. Taheri, B. Cheraghian, Soodeh Hooshmandi","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2068031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2068031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acute kidney injury is a common complication of Hemiscorpius lepturus (HL) scorpion envenomation, via several mechanisms including pigment nephropathy, direct nephrotoxic effects of scorpion venom, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and acute interstitial nephritis. ADAMTS13 deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with severe HL scorpion envenomation and is effective in the development of HUS. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP), by replacing ADAMTS13, has proven effects on HL scorpion envenomated patients with HUS. This study evaluated the role of FFP in reducing of kidney injuries in complicated cases. In this open label randomized clinical trial, a total of 98 patients with massive hemoglobinuria following HL scorpion envenomation were included in the intervention and control groups (49 patients per group). The intervention group received FFP (10 cc/kg every 12 hours for three days) in addition to the anti-venom and other current therapies. Laboratory findings of renal activity, hemolysis, and urinalysis were evaluated in both groups, and maximum changes were compared. Comparison of maximum changes in laboratory findings between the two groups showed that administration of FFP can significantly reduce the deterioration of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine (Cr) levels in the intervention group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In comparison with the control group, the incidence of proteinuria was significantly lower (p = 0.012), reduction of platelet count was significantly less (p = 0.044), and increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and leukocytosis was lower in the intervention group (p = 0.037 and p = 0.007, respectively). The mean length of hospital stay was 5.44 days in the intervention group and 5.933 days in the control group (p = 0.149). According to the present findings, FFP can significantly reduce the development of kidney damage after HL scorpion envenomation and can be safely used against the fatal progression of venom complications in severe cases, along with other common treatments.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"197 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46536870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2062775
Lawal Sirajo, M. A. Ahmad Zaini
Abstract Lignocellulosic wastes are potential low-cost feedstock for the production of high surface area activated carbon. Activation using phosphoric acid encourages the splitting of biomass macromolecules and crosslinking reactions in creating porous textures. The resultant activated carbons endow surface area of 190-2000 m2/g and adsorption capacities for various pollutants of 16.1–535 mg/g. The process renders high carbon yield, low energy cost, exceptional removal performance and less environmental impacts. The lignocellulosic carbon activated with H3PO4 has properties similar to carbon oxides; its acidic groups are tightly bound to the carbon lattice, and it is chemically and thermally stable. This article is aimed to provide an overview of the recent outcomes in phosphoric acid activation of lignocellulose agricultural wastes and offer the way forward toward sustainable environment.
{"title":"Adsorption of water pollutants using H3PO4-activated lignocellulosic agricultural waste: a mini review","authors":"Lawal Sirajo, M. A. Ahmad Zaini","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2062775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2062775","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lignocellulosic wastes are potential low-cost feedstock for the production of high surface area activated carbon. Activation using phosphoric acid encourages the splitting of biomass macromolecules and crosslinking reactions in creating porous textures. The resultant activated carbons endow surface area of 190-2000 m2/g and adsorption capacities for various pollutants of 16.1–535 mg/g. The process renders high carbon yield, low energy cost, exceptional removal performance and less environmental impacts. The lignocellulosic carbon activated with H3PO4 has properties similar to carbon oxides; its acidic groups are tightly bound to the carbon lattice, and it is chemically and thermally stable. This article is aimed to provide an overview of the recent outcomes in phosphoric acid activation of lignocellulose agricultural wastes and offer the way forward toward sustainable environment.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"349 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45878592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1993260
Malektaj Eskandari makvand, S. Sabzalipour, Mahboobeh Cheraghia, N. Orak
Abstract Malathion is one of the most common insecticides in the world, and its persistence in aquatic environments poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. In this study, a combined process of persulfate and magnetite nanoparticles loaded on carbon (Fe3O4@CNT) in the presence of ultraviolet light was used to decompose malathion as a chemically resistant compound in contaminated water. Fe3O4@CNT was synthesized, and then characterized and characterized using XRD refraction, electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. In this hybrid process, the decomposition of malathion occurred at pH =5, 2 mmol persulfate, and 0.4 g of Fe3O4@CNT at 60 minutes. The results of sconing experiments showed that sulfate, hydroxyl, and ultraviolet radicals are involved in the optimum decomposition of malathion and this process was able to purify the malathion from the water.
{"title":"Removal of malathion insecticide from aqueous solution by the integration of persulfate process and magnetite nanoparticles loaded on carbon (Fe3O4@CNT) in the presence of ultraviolet radiation","authors":"Malektaj Eskandari makvand, S. Sabzalipour, Mahboobeh Cheraghia, N. Orak","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2021.1993260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2021.1993260","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Malathion is one of the most common insecticides in the world, and its persistence in aquatic environments poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. In this study, a combined process of persulfate and magnetite nanoparticles loaded on carbon (Fe3O4@CNT) in the presence of ultraviolet light was used to decompose malathion as a chemically resistant compound in contaminated water. Fe3O4@CNT was synthesized, and then characterized and characterized using XRD refraction, electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. In this hybrid process, the decomposition of malathion occurred at pH =5, 2 mmol persulfate, and 0.4 g of Fe3O4@CNT at 60 minutes. The results of sconing experiments showed that sulfate, hydroxyl, and ultraviolet radicals are involved in the optimum decomposition of malathion and this process was able to purify the malathion from the water.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"1226 - 1236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43696105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2040033
Arash Javanshir Khoei
Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate heavy metal (HMT) accumulation in some commercially pelagic (Scomberoides commersonnianus, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Saurida tumbil) and demersal fish (Parastromateus niger, Alepes melanoptera, Nemipterus japonicus, Alepes melanoptera) of Oman Sea. Fish samples were collected by trawl from inshore area of four stations along Chabahar bay. The heavy metal (Ni, Cr, Hg, Cd, Pb) concentrations in the muscle tissue of the fishes were assayed. In addition, the relationships between the level of heavy metal accumulation in fish tissue and fish size were studied. The demersal species accumulated more heavy metals compared to pelagic fishes (p < 0.01). Both in pelagic and demersal fishes, the rate of metal accumulations was different depending on fish species. In addition, the trophic level affected tissue muscular metal concentrations. Both in pelagic and demersal fishes, the carnivorous and euryphagous species accumulated more metals compared to phytoplankton and herbivorous fishes (p < 0.01). In most cases, negative relationships were observed between fish size (length and weight) and the metal accumulations (p < 0.01). However, some positive correlations were also observed in Hg, Pb and Cd concentrations with size in Psettodes erumei and Parastromateus niger (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the different patter of metals accumulations may be attributed to the differences in feeding behavior, metabolic activity and habitat. In this study, except Cd and Cr, the concentrations of all heavy metals were in the safe range and were below the hazardous limits recommended by the EC (2001) and USFDA.
{"title":"A comparative study on the accumulation of toxic heavy metals in fish of the Oman Sea: effects of fish size, spatial distribution and trophic level","authors":"Arash Javanshir Khoei","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2040033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2040033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate heavy metal (HMT) accumulation in some commercially pelagic (Scomberoides commersonnianus, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Saurida tumbil) and demersal fish (Parastromateus niger, Alepes melanoptera, Nemipterus japonicus, Alepes melanoptera) of Oman Sea. Fish samples were collected by trawl from inshore area of four stations along Chabahar bay. The heavy metal (Ni, Cr, Hg, Cd, Pb) concentrations in the muscle tissue of the fishes were assayed. In addition, the relationships between the level of heavy metal accumulation in fish tissue and fish size were studied. The demersal species accumulated more heavy metals compared to pelagic fishes (p < 0.01). Both in pelagic and demersal fishes, the rate of metal accumulations was different depending on fish species. In addition, the trophic level affected tissue muscular metal concentrations. Both in pelagic and demersal fishes, the carnivorous and euryphagous species accumulated more metals compared to phytoplankton and herbivorous fishes (p < 0.01). In most cases, negative relationships were observed between fish size (length and weight) and the metal accumulations (p < 0.01). However, some positive correlations were also observed in Hg, Pb and Cd concentrations with size in Psettodes erumei and Parastromateus niger (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the different patter of metals accumulations may be attributed to the differences in feeding behavior, metabolic activity and habitat. In this study, except Cd and Cr, the concentrations of all heavy metals were in the safe range and were below the hazardous limits recommended by the EC (2001) and USFDA.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"189 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46831525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2004429
Ghodratollah Siahpour, S. Jozi, N. Orak, H. Fathian, S. Dashti
Abstract This study aimed to estimate the environmental pollutants emitted from a thermal power plant’s chimney. The power plant emission distribution during the 8-hour and average annual periods was modeled using the AERMOD and compared with national and international standards from December 22 2019 to September 21 2020. When the use of mazut fuel, the PM10, NOX, CO concentrations as fuel burn are less than the national and international standard. The maximum CO concentration at the 8-hour time interval is 0.15, which indicates power plants have a smaller share of CO emissions in an urban environment.
{"title":"Estimation of environmental pollutants using the AERMOD model in Shazand thermal power plant, Arak, Iran","authors":"Ghodratollah Siahpour, S. Jozi, N. Orak, H. Fathian, S. Dashti","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2021.2004429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2021.2004429","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to estimate the environmental pollutants emitted from a thermal power plant’s chimney. The power plant emission distribution during the 8-hour and average annual periods was modeled using the AERMOD and compared with national and international standards from December 22 2019 to September 21 2020. When the use of mazut fuel, the PM10, NOX, CO concentrations as fuel burn are less than the national and international standard. The maximum CO concentration at the 8-hour time interval is 0.15, which indicates power plants have a smaller share of CO emissions in an urban environment.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"1269 - 1279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48870714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2039201
Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal, N. R. Putra, M. A. Ahmad Zaini
Abstract Crab (Scylla sp.) has long been recognized as an important commodity of coastal fisheries. Due to the high demand for fresh flesh in the food industry, an enormous amount of crab shell is generated as waste. Scylla sp. shell is a promising natural resource of green adsorbent for water pollutants. This commentary highlights the properties of Scylla sp. shell and the possible interactions with water pollutants. The superiority of crab shell adsorbents as compared to other novel adsorbents in previous findings was generalized and compared. The present challenges and future directions revolving around techno-economic perspectives were discussed to provide useful insight into practical applications in wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Scylla Sp. Shell: a potential green adsorbent for wastewater treatment","authors":"Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal, N. R. Putra, M. A. Ahmad Zaini","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2039201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2039201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crab (Scylla sp.) has long been recognized as an important commodity of coastal fisheries. Due to the high demand for fresh flesh in the food industry, an enormous amount of crab shell is generated as waste. Scylla sp. shell is a promising natural resource of green adsorbent for water pollutants. This commentary highlights the properties of Scylla sp. shell and the possible interactions with water pollutants. The superiority of crab shell adsorbents as compared to other novel adsorbents in previous findings was generalized and compared. The present challenges and future directions revolving around techno-economic perspectives were discussed to provide useful insight into practical applications in wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"1280 - 1289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46932627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2022699
M. Pirmohammadi, M. Abai, M. Shayeghi, H. Vatandoost, Sara Rahimi, M. Pirmohammadi
Abstract Medicinal plants are used as control measure against mosquito bites. Efficacy, protection time and the effective dose of specimens were assessed on Anopheles stephensi. The malaria vector were reared under insectary condition, plants were collected from different parts of the country and identified and certified based on the morphological characters. The chemical composition of the volatile constituents was evaluated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The repellent activity of extracted essential oils was evaluated against adult female An. stephensi by using the animal-bait technique on white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Major component of the essential oils from each area according to climatic conditions indicated 36 compounds in M. longifolia, Cis-β-guaiene 42%, Cubenol 22%, and (Z)-3-hexenol 11.2% in Armand district, as well as 13 compounds with 8-cedren-13-ol 85.5%, Cis-ascaridole 4.2%, and Oplopanone 3% in Shah-manzar were the major components of the essential oil at autumn season. Mean protection time and the efficacy of specimens from different climates were 5.9, 6.6 and 2.3, 3.1 and 2.3, 3.3 and 3.0, 3.3 h, respectively. ED50 and ED90 values for the same specimens were calculated 1.48, 10.46, and 2.94, 24.02, and 5.26, 31.83, and 13.68, 84.23 μl/cm2, respectively. A total of 65, 11, 29, and 24 chemical compounds were isolated. Humid temperate cold area had the highest protection time. It can be considered as an appropriate herbal repellent against malaria vector.
{"title":"Influence of agro-climatic conditions on chemical compositions and repellency effect of Mentha longifolia plant against malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi","authors":"M. Pirmohammadi, M. Abai, M. Shayeghi, H. Vatandoost, Sara Rahimi, M. Pirmohammadi","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2021.2022699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2021.2022699","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Medicinal plants are used as control measure against mosquito bites. Efficacy, protection time and the effective dose of specimens were assessed on Anopheles stephensi. The malaria vector were reared under insectary condition, plants were collected from different parts of the country and identified and certified based on the morphological characters. The chemical composition of the volatile constituents was evaluated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The repellent activity of extracted essential oils was evaluated against adult female An. stephensi by using the animal-bait technique on white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Major component of the essential oils from each area according to climatic conditions indicated 36 compounds in M. longifolia, Cis-β-guaiene 42%, Cubenol 22%, and (Z)-3-hexenol 11.2% in Armand district, as well as 13 compounds with 8-cedren-13-ol 85.5%, Cis-ascaridole 4.2%, and Oplopanone 3% in Shah-manzar were the major components of the essential oil at autumn season. Mean protection time and the efficacy of specimens from different climates were 5.9, 6.6 and 2.3, 3.1 and 2.3, 3.3 and 3.0, 3.3 h, respectively. ED50 and ED90 values for the same specimens were calculated 1.48, 10.46, and 2.94, 24.02, and 5.26, 31.83, and 13.68, 84.23 μl/cm2, respectively. A total of 65, 11, 29, and 24 chemical compounds were isolated. Humid temperate cold area had the highest protection time. It can be considered as an appropriate herbal repellent against malaria vector.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"115 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44115778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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