Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2080223
Elham Pondehnezhadan, Atefeh Chamani, F. Salabi, R. Soleimani
Abstract Scorpions are the oldest terrestrial fauna with an ancient evolutionary history. To study the origins of scorpions, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of the arthropod using slowly evolving enolase sequences. In this study, we used deep RNA-seq technology to identify the enolase sequences of Androctonus crassicauda and Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpions. The scorpion’s enolase sequences were in silico analyzed to predict the protein structures, physicochemical characterization, and exon-intron organization. The enolase of the scorpion was found to be a protein of 433 amino acids with a molecular mass of ∼47 kDa and an acidic isoelectric point. Here, we reported the existence of 8 exons and an inner GC/AG intron for scorpion enolase. Using homology modeling, the enolase of the scorpions was found to be very conservative during the evolution process. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analysis indicated the independent evolution of the Buthidae family from other scorpions and also the sister group relationship of Hemiscorpionidae with the Caraboctonidae families. The scorpions’ enolase sequences demonstrated a close fit to those of spiders, followed by mite counterparts. This strongly supports our phylogeny analysis, which indicates a sister-group relationship between scorpions and spiders and their common ancestors with mites. This study provided support for the pairing of scorpions with spiders, mites, etc. using enolase as a nuclear gene. Our molecular clock analyzes of the arthropod show that the most recent common ancestor of arachnids and insects were diversified in the Cryogenian period of Neoproterozoic era, earlier than dates reported from fossil records.
{"title":"Identification, characterization, and molecular phylogeny of scorpion enolase (Androctonus crassicauda and Hemiscorpius lepturus)","authors":"Elham Pondehnezhadan, Atefeh Chamani, F. Salabi, R. Soleimani","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2080223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2080223","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scorpions are the oldest terrestrial fauna with an ancient evolutionary history. To study the origins of scorpions, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of the arthropod using slowly evolving enolase sequences. In this study, we used deep RNA-seq technology to identify the enolase sequences of Androctonus crassicauda and Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpions. The scorpion’s enolase sequences were in silico analyzed to predict the protein structures, physicochemical characterization, and exon-intron organization. The enolase of the scorpion was found to be a protein of 433 amino acids with a molecular mass of ∼47 kDa and an acidic isoelectric point. Here, we reported the existence of 8 exons and an inner GC/AG intron for scorpion enolase. Using homology modeling, the enolase of the scorpions was found to be very conservative during the evolution process. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analysis indicated the independent evolution of the Buthidae family from other scorpions and also the sister group relationship of Hemiscorpionidae with the Caraboctonidae families. The scorpions’ enolase sequences demonstrated a close fit to those of spiders, followed by mite counterparts. This strongly supports our phylogeny analysis, which indicates a sister-group relationship between scorpions and spiders and their common ancestors with mites. This study provided support for the pairing of scorpions with spiders, mites, etc. using enolase as a nuclear gene. Our molecular clock analyzes of the arthropod show that the most recent common ancestor of arachnids and insects were diversified in the Cryogenian period of Neoproterozoic era, earlier than dates reported from fossil records.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46925667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2163662
B. Mitrović, S. Stefanović, D. Šefer, D. Jovanović, J. Ajtić
Abstract The aim of this investigation is to determine the content of ten elements, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn, As, Cu, Se, and Cd, in pig feed, manure and earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris). Samples were collected during 2015 and 2017, on four pig farms in Serbia, and analyzed for elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. According to the mean concentrations, the elements show the following trends: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Cd > Se > As > Co in monocalcium phosphate, Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu > Co > Cr > Ni > Se > As > Cd in vitamin-mineral premixes, Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Se > Co > As > Cd in complete feed, and Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Co > Se > Cd > As in pig manure. The obtained results show that monocalcium phosphate and vitamin-mineral premixes are the main source of Mn, Zn, and Fe in complete feed mixtures. The Cd concentration in one sample of monocalcium phosphate exceeds the maximum permissible level. Only one out of six investigated complete feed mixtures was in accordance with the national and EU regulations. The presence of Fe, Zn, and Mn in earthworms reflects their concentration in pig manure, but this is not noticed for Cr, Cu, Se, As, Ni, Co, and Cd.
摘要本研究旨在测定猪饲料、粪便和蚯蚓中Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Fe、Zn、As、Cu、Se和Cd等10种元素的含量。2015年至2017年，在塞尔维亚的四个养猪场收集了样本，并通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析了其中的元素。根据平均浓度,元素显示以下趋势:铁>锰>锌>铬>镍>铜> Cd > Se > >有限公司在磷酸二氢钙,锌>锰>铁>铜>有限公司>铬>镍> Se > > Cd维他命矿物质预混料,铁>锌>锰>铜>镍> Cr > Se >有限公司> > Cd全价配合饲料,和铁>锌>锰>铜>镍> Cr >有限公司> Se > Cd >猪粪。结果表明，磷酸单钙和维生素矿物质预混料是全饲料混合料中锰、锌、铁的主要来源。一份磷酸单钙样品中镉浓度超过最大允许水平。只有六分之一的被调查的完全饲料混合物符合国家和欧盟法规。蚯蚓中Fe、Zn、Mn的存在反映了它们在猪粪中的浓度，而Cr、Cu、Se、As、Ni、Co、Cd则没有。
{"title":"The content of ten elements in pig feed and manure and its relationship with element concentration in earthworms on swine farms","authors":"B. Mitrović, S. Stefanović, D. Šefer, D. Jovanović, J. Ajtić","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2163662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2163662","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this investigation is to determine the content of ten elements, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn, As, Cu, Se, and Cd, in pig feed, manure and earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris). Samples were collected during 2015 and 2017, on four pig farms in Serbia, and analyzed for elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. According to the mean concentrations, the elements show the following trends: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Cd > Se > As > Co in monocalcium phosphate, Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu > Co > Cr > Ni > Se > As > Cd in vitamin-mineral premixes, Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Se > Co > As > Cd in complete feed, and Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Co > Se > Cd > As in pig manure. The obtained results show that monocalcium phosphate and vitamin-mineral premixes are the main source of Mn, Zn, and Fe in complete feed mixtures. The Cd concentration in one sample of monocalcium phosphate exceeds the maximum permissible level. Only one out of six investigated complete feed mixtures was in accordance with the national and EU regulations. The presence of Fe, Zn, and Mn in earthworms reflects their concentration in pig manure, but this is not noticed for Cr, Cu, Se, As, Ni, Co, and Cd.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60280861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2163663
Z. Moradpour, P. Abdolmaleki, Behnam Hajipour-Verdom, A. Khavanin, Z. Panjali, N. Maghsudi, Mansoureh Hamidi, R. Zendehdel
Abstract Thermal degradation of water-based metalworking fluids (MWFs) produces carcinogen by-products. Since different additives have been used to eliminate hazardous material, the carcinogenic potential of two water-based MWFs was investigated in the lung epithelial cell line (A549). Two MWF types were studied in pure and on-used. The chemical content of all samples was assessed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). DNA damage of samples was evaluated in the doses range of 0.05–0.8 mg by comet assay. Comet images were analyzed with Open comet software. Amine borate and ethanolamine were found in B and C fluids respectively. Pyridazine compound by the potency of nitrosamine production was found in on-used C fluid. After using MWFs in the metal processing, a polycyclic component with bore central groups was produced in on-used B fluid. DNA damage of on-used fluid with boron component occurred at a level lower than ethyl amine-containing fluid. Moreover, the genotoxicity of air samples in B fluid was higher than C airborne samples significantly. More careful management have to be considered for the replacement of amine corrosion inhibitors with boron-containing chemical in MWFs. In conclusion design of a plan was required for the control of high-risk chemicals in the metal processing industry.
{"title":"DNA breaks evaluation of two water-based metalworking fluids by an occupational exposure design","authors":"Z. Moradpour, P. Abdolmaleki, Behnam Hajipour-Verdom, A. Khavanin, Z. Panjali, N. Maghsudi, Mansoureh Hamidi, R. Zendehdel","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2163663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2163663","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thermal degradation of water-based metalworking fluids (MWFs) produces carcinogen by-products. Since different additives have been used to eliminate hazardous material, the carcinogenic potential of two water-based MWFs was investigated in the lung epithelial cell line (A549). Two MWF types were studied in pure and on-used. The chemical content of all samples was assessed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). DNA damage of samples was evaluated in the doses range of 0.05–0.8 mg by comet assay. Comet images were analyzed with Open comet software. Amine borate and ethanolamine were found in B and C fluids respectively. Pyridazine compound by the potency of nitrosamine production was found in on-used C fluid. After using MWFs in the metal processing, a polycyclic component with bore central groups was produced in on-used B fluid. DNA damage of on-used fluid with boron component occurred at a level lower than ethyl amine-containing fluid. Moreover, the genotoxicity of air samples in B fluid was higher than C airborne samples significantly. More careful management have to be considered for the replacement of amine corrosion inhibitors with boron-containing chemical in MWFs. In conclusion design of a plan was required for the control of high-risk chemicals in the metal processing industry.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43965886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2008452
Maryam Esfahani, A. Rahbar, S. Soleimani asl, Fereshteh Mehri
Abstract Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate insecticide that has been globally used in agriculture and domestic areas for several years, leading to a variety of negative effects in different targets of humans. This study focused on evaluating the kidney protective role of resveratrol (Res) against sub-chronic DZN exposure by estimating oxidative, anti-oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers, along with renal function indexes. Overall, 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Groups 1 (control group), 2, 3, 4, and 5 received corn oil, DZN (70 mg/kg), DZN (70 mg/kg) plus Res 5 mg/kg, DZN (70 mg/kg) plus Res 10 mg/kg, and DZN (70 mg/kg) plus Res 20 mg/kg orally, respectively. DZN increased the serum and kidney level of malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the expression ratio of Fox-1 and Bax-2. On the other hand, DZN decreased the serum and kidney level of of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase activities (CAT), and the expression ratio of Forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1); sirtuin 1(Sirt-1);. Based on the results, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) as the kidney function index were notably changed in all groups. Res treatment inversed DZN-induced kidney toxicity, Finally, Res improved DZN-induced kidney histopathological changes. Overall, these results first demonstrated that Res has protective effects on renal toxicities induced by DZN.
二嗪农(Diazinon, DZN)是一种有机磷杀虫剂，近年来在全球农业和家庭领域广泛使用，对人类不同目标产生了多种负面影响。本研究主要通过评估氧化、抗氧化、炎症和凋亡标志物以及肾功能指标来评估白藜芦醇(Res)对亚慢性DZN暴露的肾脏保护作用。30只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组。1组(对照组)、2组、3组、4组和5组分别给予玉米油、DZN (70 mg/kg)、DZN (70 mg/kg) + Res 5 mg/kg、DZN (70 mg/kg) + Res 10 mg/kg和DZN (70 mg/kg) + Res 20 mg/kg的口服。DZN升高了血清和肾脏丙二醛水平、总氧化水平、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)以及Fox-1和Bax-2的表达率。另一方面，DZN降低了血清和肾脏总抗氧化能力(TAC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平和叉头盒蛋白O1 (Foxo1)表达率;sirtuin蛋白1 (sirt - 1基因);。结果显示，各组大鼠肾功能指标血尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr)均有显著变化。Res治疗逆转了dzn诱导的肾毒性，最终改善了dzn诱导的肾脏组织病理改变。总之，这些结果首次证明了Res对DZN诱导的肾毒性具有保护作用。
{"title":"Resveratrol: a panacea compound for diazinon-induced renal toxicity","authors":"Maryam Esfahani, A. Rahbar, S. Soleimani asl, Fereshteh Mehri","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2021.2008452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2021.2008452","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate insecticide that has been globally used in agriculture and domestic areas for several years, leading to a variety of negative effects in different targets of humans. This study focused on evaluating the kidney protective role of resveratrol (Res) against sub-chronic DZN exposure by estimating oxidative, anti-oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers, along with renal function indexes. Overall, 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Groups 1 (control group), 2, 3, 4, and 5 received corn oil, DZN (70 mg/kg), DZN (70 mg/kg) plus Res 5 mg/kg, DZN (70 mg/kg) plus Res 10 mg/kg, and DZN (70 mg/kg) plus Res 20 mg/kg orally, respectively. DZN increased the serum and kidney level of malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the expression ratio of Fox-1 and Bax-2. On the other hand, DZN decreased the serum and kidney level of of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase activities (CAT), and the expression ratio of Forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1); sirtuin 1(Sirt-1);. Based on the results, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) as the kidney function index were notably changed in all groups. Res treatment inversed DZN-induced kidney toxicity, Finally, Res improved DZN-induced kidney histopathological changes. Overall, these results first demonstrated that Res has protective effects on renal toxicities induced by DZN.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44675275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2150646
Mazzura Wan Chik, Nur Adiilah Ramli, Nurul Aqmar Mohamad Nor Hazalin, Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh
Abstract The majority of dementia is caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that manifests in the familial and sporadic forms. The latter accounts for the most of the cases and is a complex multi-factorial disorder with no cure. Despite the vast growth of animal models, both the transgenic and non-transgenic therapeutic findings for AD seem ambiguous. Streptozotocin (STZ) administration is the most accepted sporadic rodent AD model due to its ability to mimic the sporadic variety in humans. Current literature lacks the information on the underlying mechanism of STZ with the formation of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Thus, this study focused on developing a comprehensive review on the mechanism of STZ in inducing diabetogenic effects, insulin signaling dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and cholinergic deficit in AD rodent models. Also, we discussed the considerations that should be made when designing the AD rodent model.
{"title":"Streptozotocin mechanisms and its role in rodent models for Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Mazzura Wan Chik, Nur Adiilah Ramli, Nurul Aqmar Mohamad Nor Hazalin, Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2150646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2150646","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The majority of dementia is caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that manifests in the familial and sporadic forms. The latter accounts for the most of the cases and is a complex multi-factorial disorder with no cure. Despite the vast growth of animal models, both the transgenic and non-transgenic therapeutic findings for AD seem ambiguous. Streptozotocin (STZ) administration is the most accepted sporadic rodent AD model due to its ability to mimic the sporadic variety in humans. Current literature lacks the information on the underlying mechanism of STZ with the formation of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Thus, this study focused on developing a comprehensive review on the mechanism of STZ in inducing diabetogenic effects, insulin signaling dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and cholinergic deficit in AD rodent models. Also, we discussed the considerations that should be made when designing the AD rodent model.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45261925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2150648
V. Raja, M. A. Neelakantan
Abstract The present investigation aims to determine the health risks of toxic uranium contamination in the drinking water of the Thoothukudi district. Two hundred and eighty-six samples were examined during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons and found the uranium concentration ranges from <0.2 to 167 ppb (mean 12, Standard deviation 21) (pre-monsoon) and <02 to 190 ppb (mean 13, Standard deviation 24) (post-monsoon). Geochemical modeling studies and the reducing nature of samples reveal that the uraninite mineral is under saturated conditions, and the least soluble U4O9 mineral species is predominantly distributed during both seasons. Statistical analysis provides that applying nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers may induce the dissolution of uranium minerals, which is responsible for elevated uranium in the collected samples. The calculated noncarcinogenic risk of uranium range from 0.005 to 8.09 (pre-monsoon) and 0.005 to 9.18 (post-monsoon). 15% (pre-monsoon) and 17% (post-monsoon) of the samples show a higher noncarcinogenic risk. The calculated cancer mortality and morbidity are within the permissible limit of 10−3, and the present health risk assessment of uranium is evident that the people from this district have the chemical toxicity of uranium than the carcinogenic risk due to drinking water.
{"title":"Toxic uranium contamination in groundwater of Thoothukudi district, India: Evaluation of health risks using the geochemical and statistical approach","authors":"V. Raja, M. A. Neelakantan","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2150648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2150648","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present investigation aims to determine the health risks of toxic uranium contamination in the drinking water of the Thoothukudi district. Two hundred and eighty-six samples were examined during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons and found the uranium concentration ranges from <0.2 to 167 ppb (mean 12, Standard deviation 21) (pre-monsoon) and <02 to 190 ppb (mean 13, Standard deviation 24) (post-monsoon). Geochemical modeling studies and the reducing nature of samples reveal that the uraninite mineral is under saturated conditions, and the least soluble U4O9 mineral species is predominantly distributed during both seasons. Statistical analysis provides that applying nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers may induce the dissolution of uranium minerals, which is responsible for elevated uranium in the collected samples. The calculated noncarcinogenic risk of uranium range from 0.005 to 8.09 (pre-monsoon) and 0.005 to 9.18 (post-monsoon). 15% (pre-monsoon) and 17% (post-monsoon) of the samples show a higher noncarcinogenic risk. The calculated cancer mortality and morbidity are within the permissible limit of 10−3, and the present health risk assessment of uranium is evident that the people from this district have the chemical toxicity of uranium than the carcinogenic risk due to drinking water.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47288701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2134572
T. K. Chakraborty, Md. Shahnul Islam, G. Ghosh, Prianka Ghosh, S. Zaman, Ahsan Habib, Md. Ripon Hossain, Himel Bosu, Md. Rashidul Islam, Mostafa Al Imran, A. S. Khan, Md. Shahariea Karim Josy
Abstract This study investigated the groundwater chemistry, suitability, and potential human health risk in the southwest part of Bangladesh. Groundwater samples were collected from the shallow aquifer throughout the study area. A set of different hydro-chemical analyses, water quality indices, multivariate statistics, and geo-statistical models were applied to achieve the study objectives. Study results show the concentration of NH3-N, HCO3 −, Ca2 +, As, Fe, and Mn exceeded Bangladesh drinking water standards in 94%, 100%, 100%, 73%, 97%, and 91% of samples, respectively. Groundwater quality indices indicate that about 94% of samples are suitable for irrigation, and about 82% are unsuitable for drinking. In the study area, groundwater is mainly Ca2+-Mg2-HCO3 − types, and rock-water interactions dominate the mineralization process. Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, and HCO3 − > Cl− > SO4 2− are the sequential orders of major cation and major anion, respectively. Multivariate analyses show the geogenic origin is predominant over anthropogenic sources. Semivariogram models show moderate to weak spatial dependence. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks via oral exposure pathways for adults and children are in the high (97%) and very high (100%) categories, respectively.
{"title":"Human health risk and hydro-geochemical appraisal of groundwater in the southwest part of Bangladesh using GIS, water quality indices, and multivariate statistical approaches","authors":"T. K. Chakraborty, Md. Shahnul Islam, G. Ghosh, Prianka Ghosh, S. Zaman, Ahsan Habib, Md. Ripon Hossain, Himel Bosu, Md. Rashidul Islam, Mostafa Al Imran, A. S. Khan, Md. Shahariea Karim Josy","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2134572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2134572","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated the groundwater chemistry, suitability, and potential human health risk in the southwest part of Bangladesh. Groundwater samples were collected from the shallow aquifer throughout the study area. A set of different hydro-chemical analyses, water quality indices, multivariate statistics, and geo-statistical models were applied to achieve the study objectives. Study results show the concentration of NH3-N, HCO3 −, Ca2 +, As, Fe, and Mn exceeded Bangladesh drinking water standards in 94%, 100%, 100%, 73%, 97%, and 91% of samples, respectively. Groundwater quality indices indicate that about 94% of samples are suitable for irrigation, and about 82% are unsuitable for drinking. In the study area, groundwater is mainly Ca2+-Mg2-HCO3 − types, and rock-water interactions dominate the mineralization process. Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, and HCO3 − > Cl− > SO4 2− are the sequential orders of major cation and major anion, respectively. Multivariate analyses show the geogenic origin is predominant over anthropogenic sources. Semivariogram models show moderate to weak spatial dependence. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks via oral exposure pathways for adults and children are in the high (97%) and very high (100%) categories, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42679857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2124420
K. Sathua, R. Singh
Abstract Arsenic poisoning is one of the major devastation and horrific concerns across the globe. Its concentration in the environment is continuously increasing over time, and hence it may play a role of exterminator for the future civilization. Cancer is the one of the main detrimental outcomes of arsenic poisoning. The International Agency for Research on Cancer suggested arsenic as a class-1 carcinogen. The underlying mechanism pertaining to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis is still enigmatic. Although plentiful evidences have vouched that the redox machinery is the main culprit for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, however several reports have documented regarding participation of mitochondria as the root originators of the redox signaling in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. Moreover, the redox machinery system plays a vital role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the influence of redox machinery systems on mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis in the development of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. The objectives of this paper are to review and evaluate the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in the development of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis in addition to the possible therapeutic option for modulation of such signaling mechanisms.
{"title":"Mitochondrial biogenesis alteration in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis and its therapeutic interventions","authors":"K. Sathua, R. Singh","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2124420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2124420","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Arsenic poisoning is one of the major devastation and horrific concerns across the globe. Its concentration in the environment is continuously increasing over time, and hence it may play a role of exterminator for the future civilization. Cancer is the one of the main detrimental outcomes of arsenic poisoning. The International Agency for Research on Cancer suggested arsenic as a class-1 carcinogen. The underlying mechanism pertaining to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis is still enigmatic. Although plentiful evidences have vouched that the redox machinery is the main culprit for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, however several reports have documented regarding participation of mitochondria as the root originators of the redox signaling in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. Moreover, the redox machinery system plays a vital role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the influence of redox machinery systems on mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis in the development of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. The objectives of this paper are to review and evaluate the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in the development of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis in addition to the possible therapeutic option for modulation of such signaling mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43080997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2001829
Mir Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Lokman Ali, M. J. Rakib, M. Islam, A. Habib, Shaharior Hossen, Khalid A. Ibrahim, A. M. Idris, K. Phoungthong
Abstract River water and sediment embody environmental characteristics that give valuable information about the eco-environment. Due to rapid unplanned urbanization and industrialization, the aquatic environment of any urban river can be seriously polluted by heavy metals. Four heavy metals (As, Cr, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed in surface sediments and water from the Kirtankhola River located in the coastal area of Bangladesh. The decreasing pattern of metals was observed as Cr > Pb > As > Cd in both water and sediment. The heavy metal ranges were 1.67–7.31, 12.64–45.69, 0.01–1.59, and 8.03–35.68 μg/L in the water and 2.09–6.89, 14.76–47.08, 0.01–1.77 and 6.37–41.43 mg/kg in sediments for As, Cr, Cd, and Pb. The number of metals tested in water samples surpassed the acceptable limits of drinking water quality, indicating that water from this river is not safe for drinking and cooking and could pose a risk to the riverine ecosystem. The pollution load index (PLI) values were close to one, indicating that the sediment of the study river was low contamination. Contamination factor (CF) has reported that As, Cd, and Pb have been moderate to extremely polluted by sediment samples and metals level implied that the condition is much alarming and probably severely affecting the aquatic ecology of this riverine ecosystem.
{"title":"Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment from hubs of fish resource river in a developing country","authors":"Mir Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Lokman Ali, M. J. Rakib, M. Islam, A. Habib, Shaharior Hossen, Khalid A. Ibrahim, A. M. Idris, K. Phoungthong","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2021.2001829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2021.2001829","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract River water and sediment embody environmental characteristics that give valuable information about the eco-environment. Due to rapid unplanned urbanization and industrialization, the aquatic environment of any urban river can be seriously polluted by heavy metals. Four heavy metals (As, Cr, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed in surface sediments and water from the Kirtankhola River located in the coastal area of Bangladesh. The decreasing pattern of metals was observed as Cr > Pb > As > Cd in both water and sediment. The heavy metal ranges were 1.67–7.31, 12.64–45.69, 0.01–1.59, and 8.03–35.68 μg/L in the water and 2.09–6.89, 14.76–47.08, 0.01–1.77 and 6.37–41.43 mg/kg in sediments for As, Cr, Cd, and Pb. The number of metals tested in water samples surpassed the acceptable limits of drinking water quality, indicating that water from this river is not safe for drinking and cooking and could pose a risk to the riverine ecosystem. The pollution load index (PLI) values were close to one, indicating that the sediment of the study river was low contamination. Contamination factor (CF) has reported that As, Cd, and Pb have been moderate to extremely polluted by sediment samples and metals level implied that the condition is much alarming and probably severely affecting the aquatic ecology of this riverine ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45127276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2124419
K. Kowalczyk, J. Roszak, Z. Sobańska, M. Stępnik
Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds that have always been present in the environment. With the technological and civilization development, exposure to this class of compounds has considerably increased. Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC), formerly known as dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, is one of the most important and probably the most carcinogenic among all PAHs tested so far. Its carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on mammalian cell systems and animals have been documented, and hence it was classified as “possibly carcinogenic to humans.” This review presents the most important aspects of mechanisms of genotoxicity after exposure to DBC.
{"title":"Review of mechanisms of genotoxic action of dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (formerly dibenzo[a,l]pyrene)","authors":"K. Kowalczyk, J. Roszak, Z. Sobańska, M. Stępnik","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2022.2124419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2022.2124419","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds that have always been present in the environment. With the technological and civilization development, exposure to this class of compounds has considerably increased. Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC), formerly known as dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, is one of the most important and probably the most carcinogenic among all PAHs tested so far. Its carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on mammalian cell systems and animals have been documented, and hence it was classified as “possibly carcinogenic to humans.” This review presents the most important aspects of mechanisms of genotoxicity after exposure to DBC.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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