首页 > 最新文献

Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals最新文献

英文 中文
Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–Cu–Mg Aluminum Alloy Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation 基于分子动力学模拟的 Al-Cu-Mg 铝合金显微结构和力学性能研究
IF 1.6 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03410-z
Jing Huang, Tengfei Cheng, Wanggang Fang, Xinghai Ren, Xiangqun Duan, Zhigong Xu, Shulin Xiang

The solidification process and uniaxial tensile test of Al–Cu–Mg alloy at the atomic scale were studied using the molecular dynamics method. The influence of the Mg/Cu ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al–Cu–Mg alloy was investigated. The results indicated that during the solidification, the diffusion coefficient of Mg atoms was the lowest, while that of Al atoms was the highest. There may be strong bonding and strong chemical short range ordered structures between Mg–Mg, Al–Cu, and Mg–Cu atoms. As the uniaxial tensile progressed, the alloy exhibited a transformation of FCC→BCC→HCP phase. With increase of the Mg/Cu ratio, HCP and FCC layer-like phases gradually appeared, promoting the occurrence of twins and stacking faults, which resulted in dislocation slip and stress relaxation. As a result, the material become more prone to deformation, leading to a reduction in tensile strength.

利用分子动力学方法研究了 Al-Cu-Mg 合金在原子尺度上的凝固过程和单轴拉伸试验。研究了镁/铜比例对 Al-Cu-Mg 合金微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在凝固过程中,镁原子的扩散系数最低,而铝原子的扩散系数最高。镁-镁、铝-铜和镁-铜原子之间可能存在强键和强化学短程有序结构。随着单轴拉伸的进行,合金出现了 FCC→BCC→HCP 相变。随着镁/铜比的增加,HCP 和 FCC 层状相逐渐出现,促进了孪晶和堆叠断层的出现,从而导致位错滑移和应力松弛。因此,材料更容易变形,导致抗拉强度降低。
{"title":"Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–Cu–Mg Aluminum Alloy Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation","authors":"Jing Huang, Tengfei Cheng, Wanggang Fang, Xinghai Ren, Xiangqun Duan, Zhigong Xu, Shulin Xiang","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03410-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03410-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The solidification process and uniaxial tensile test of Al–Cu–Mg alloy at the atomic scale were studied using the molecular dynamics method. The influence of the Mg/Cu ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al–Cu–Mg alloy was investigated. The results indicated that during the solidification, the diffusion coefficient of Mg atoms was the lowest, while that of Al atoms was the highest. There may be strong bonding and strong chemical short range ordered structures between Mg–Mg, Al–Cu, and Mg–Cu atoms. As the uniaxial tensile progressed, the alloy exhibited a transformation of FCC→BCC→HCP phase. With increase of the Mg/Cu ratio, HCP and FCC layer-like phases gradually appeared, promoting the occurrence of twins and stacking faults, which resulted in dislocation slip and stress relaxation. As a result, the material become more prone to deformation, leading to a reduction in tensile strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Advanced Aluminum Composites for Heat Transfer Properties 先进铝复合材料传热性能的定量和定性分析
IF 1.6 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03392-y
A. Manivannan, R. Sasikumar, T. Nithyanandam, C. Ganesan

The effectiveness of improvising heat transfer material when building heat sinks gave rise to the concept for this study. The development of composites, more specifically, aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), which are the parent material of heat sinks, led to the evolution of this idea (AA 6061). The viable low-cost stir casting process for composites manufacturing has two significant drawbacks: agglomeration and non-uniform dispersion. This study investigated the efficient dispersal of reinforcement fragments in base metal (AA 6061 T-6) using the patented two-step stir casting method and the innovatively fed exemplary encapsulation method. This study’s optical and scanning electron microscopy photos verify the reinforcement’s equated dispersion. Thermo-Mechanical Analyzer (TMA), Dilatometry Tester, Laser Flash Apparatus (LFA), and pin–fin apparatus verify the newly designed potential substitute material for fabrication of the heat sinks.

在制造散热器时,改进传热材料的有效性催生了本研究的概念。作为散热器母体材料的复合材料,特别是铝基复合材料(AMC)的发展促成了这一想法的演变(AA 6061)。用于制造复合材料的可行的低成本搅拌铸造工艺有两个明显的缺点:结块和分散不均匀。本研究采用已获专利的两步搅拌浇注法和创新喂入示范封装法,研究了如何在贱金属(AA 6061 T-6)中有效分散增强片段。这项研究的光学和扫描电子显微镜照片验证了钢筋的等效分散。热机械分析仪 (TMA)、稀释度测试仪、激光闪光仪 (LFA) 和针脚仪器验证了新设计的用于制造散热器的潜在替代材料。
{"title":"Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Advanced Aluminum Composites for Heat Transfer Properties","authors":"A. Manivannan, R. Sasikumar, T. Nithyanandam, C. Ganesan","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03392-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03392-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effectiveness of improvising heat transfer material when building heat sinks gave rise to the concept for this study. The development of composites, more specifically, aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), which are the parent material of heat sinks, led to the evolution of this idea (AA 6061). The viable low-cost stir casting process for composites manufacturing has two significant drawbacks: agglomeration and non-uniform dispersion. This study investigated the efficient dispersal of reinforcement fragments in base metal (AA 6061 T-6) using the patented two-step stir casting method and the innovatively fed exemplary encapsulation method. This study’s optical and scanning electron microscopy photos verify the reinforcement’s equated dispersion. Thermo-Mechanical Analyzer (TMA), Dilatometry Tester, Laser Flash Apparatus (LFA), and pin–fin apparatus verify the newly designed potential substitute material for fabrication of the heat sinks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Utilizing γ- and θ-Alumina from Aluminium Black Dross for Catalytic Applications: Hybrid Sustainable Pyro–Hydrometallurgy and Residue Heat Utilization 利用黑色铝渣中γ-和θ-氧化铝进行催化应用:混合可持续高温湿法冶金和余热利用
IF 1.6 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03398-6
G. Sathiyaseelan, C. Bhagyanathan

This study is aimed at extracting γ- and θ-alumina from recycled black aluminium dross for catalytic applications, employing a novel hybrid pyro–hydrometallurgical approach as a waste management technique. The process begins with the extraction of elements from aluminium black dross, controlled heating at 680 °C leverages residue heat resources, essential in optimizing resource utilization. Further alkali metal halides addition is done to significantly enhance efficiency in melting aluminium–low magnesium (≤ 1%) scraps. Optimization in filtration was conducted at 900 RPM and temperatures near 50 °C to refine the purification process and eliminate impurities. Slow calcination was done at 100 °C for over 40 min, the salt cake allowing dissolution in a 3 M NaOH solution to achieve a critical pH value of 11.72. The precise pH neutralization was done by using a 3:1 H2SO4 solution to form aluminium hydroxide through the precipitation method at a pH level of 7, a pivotal precursor in alumina extraction. A detailed analysis of post-low-temperature calcination, ranging from room temperature to 800 °C for 10 min, was done. Furthermore, a thorough examination of residues and extracted γ- and θ-alumina was done using XRD, SEM–EDS, and ICP-OES techniques. About 79% of alumina was recovered from black aluminium dross. The proposed technique extracted alumina with a purity of 94.9% with a particle size of 318 nm.

本研究旨在从回收的黑铝渣中提取 γ- 和 θ- 氧化铝用于催化应用,采用了一种新型混合火法-湿法冶金方法作为废物管理技术。该工艺首先从黑铝渣中提取元素,然后在 680 °C 的温度下受控加热,充分利用残余热资源,这对优化资源利用至关重要。进一步添加碱金属卤化物可显著提高铝-低镁(≤ 1%)废料的熔化效率。在转速为 900 RPM、温度接近 50 °C 的条件下对过滤进行了优化,以改进提纯工艺并去除杂质。在 100 °C 下缓慢煅烧 40 多分钟,盐饼在 3 M NaOH 溶液中溶解,以达到 11.72 的临界 pH 值。使用 3:1 的 H2SO4 溶液进行精确的 pH 中和,通过沉淀法在 pH 值为 7 时形成氢氧化铝,这是提取氧化铝的关键前体。详细分析了低温煅烧后的情况,从室温到 800 °C 煅烧 10 分钟不等。此外,还使用 XRD、SEM-EDS 和 ICP-OES 技术对残留物和提取的 γ- 和 θ- 氧化铝进行了彻底检查。从黑色铝渣中回收了约 79% 的氧化铝。拟议技术提取的氧化铝纯度为 94.9%,粒度为 318 nm。
{"title":"Utilizing γ- and θ-Alumina from Aluminium Black Dross for Catalytic Applications: Hybrid Sustainable Pyro–Hydrometallurgy and Residue Heat Utilization","authors":"G. Sathiyaseelan, C. Bhagyanathan","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03398-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03398-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study is aimed at extracting γ- and θ-alumina from recycled black aluminium dross for catalytic applications, employing a novel hybrid pyro–hydrometallurgical approach as a waste management technique. The process begins with the extraction of elements from aluminium black dross, controlled heating at 680 °C leverages residue heat resources, essential in optimizing resource utilization. Further alkali metal halides addition is done to significantly enhance efficiency in melting aluminium–low magnesium (≤ 1%) scraps. Optimization in filtration was conducted at 900 RPM and temperatures near 50 °C to refine the purification process and eliminate impurities. Slow calcination was done at 100 °C for over 40 min, the salt cake allowing dissolution in a 3 M NaOH solution to achieve a critical pH value of 11.72. The precise pH neutralization was done by using a 3:1 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution to form aluminium hydroxide through the precipitation method at a pH level of 7, a pivotal precursor in alumina extraction. A detailed analysis of post-low-temperature calcination, ranging from room temperature to 800 °C for 10 min, was done. Furthermore, a thorough examination of residues and extracted γ- and θ-alumina was done using XRD, SEM–EDS, and ICP-OES techniques. About 79% of alumina was recovered from black aluminium dross. The proposed technique extracted alumina with a purity of 94.9% with a particle size of 318 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aqueous Black Seed (Nigella sativa L.) Extract-Mediated Corrosion Inhibition in Mild Steel Exposed to 3.5% NaCl: Effect of Temperature, pH, Time, and In Situ Analysis Using Atomic Force Microscopy 黑籽(Nigella sativa L.)水萃取物在暴露于 3.5% NaCl 的低碳钢中的缓蚀作用:温度、pH 值、时间和原子力显微镜现场分析的影响
IF 1.6 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03399-5
Sangeetha Jayakumar, Mohammed Jouhar, Fouzia Khan, M. Vadivel, T. Nandakumar, B. B. Lahiri, John Philip

Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based analysis on the corrosion inhibition properties of aqueous black seed extract for mild steel exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution is reported here. At ~ 600 ppm inhibitor concentration, corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency are found to be ~ 0.18 ± 0.1 mpy and ~ 94%, respectively. The superior corrosion inhibition is due to the adsorption of the phytochemicals onto the metallic surface, as confirmed from spectroscopic analysis. Findings show the suitability of the black seed extract for practical applications at neutral pH and room temperature. AFM and magnetic force microscopy indicate lower surface roughness and nearly pristine topography for the inhibitor-protected specimens. In situ AFM analyses indicate delayed formation of surface irregularities for the inhibitor-protected specimens. The obtained results clearly show the superior corrosion inhibition efficiency of the aqueous black seed extract against mild steel under simulated sea water condition.

本文报告了基于原子力显微镜(AFM)的黑种子水提取物对暴露在 3.5% NaCl 溶液中的低碳钢的缓蚀特性分析。在抑制剂浓度为 ~ 600 ppm 时,腐蚀速率和抑制效率分别为 ~ 0.18 ± 0.1 mpy 和 ~ 94%。光谱分析证实,卓越的缓蚀效果是由于植物化学物质在金属表面的吸附作用。研究结果表明,黑籽提取物适合在中性 pH 值和室温条件下实际应用。原子力显微镜和磁力显微镜显示,受抑制剂保护的试样表面粗糙度较低,形貌近乎原始。原位原子力显微镜分析表明,受抑制剂保护的试样表面不规则的形成时间较晚。这些结果清楚地表明,在模拟海水条件下,黑籽提取物水溶液对低碳钢具有卓越的缓蚀效果。
{"title":"Aqueous Black Seed (Nigella sativa L.) Extract-Mediated Corrosion Inhibition in Mild Steel Exposed to 3.5% NaCl: Effect of Temperature, pH, Time, and In Situ Analysis Using Atomic Force Microscopy","authors":"Sangeetha Jayakumar, Mohammed Jouhar, Fouzia Khan, M. Vadivel, T. Nandakumar, B. B. Lahiri, John Philip","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03399-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03399-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based analysis on the corrosion inhibition properties of aqueous black seed extract for mild steel exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution is reported here. At ~ 600 ppm inhibitor concentration, corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency are found to be ~ 0.18 ± 0.1 mpy and ~ 94%, respectively. The superior corrosion inhibition is due to the adsorption of the phytochemicals onto the metallic surface, as confirmed from spectroscopic analysis. Findings show the suitability of the black seed extract for practical applications at neutral pH and room temperature. AFM and magnetic force microscopy indicate lower surface roughness and nearly pristine topography for the inhibitor-protected specimens. In situ AFM analyses indicate delayed formation of surface irregularities for the inhibitor-protected specimens. The obtained results clearly show the superior corrosion inhibition efficiency of the aqueous black seed extract against mild steel under simulated sea water condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Post-Deformation Cooling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Cu-Containing High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Steel 变形后冷却对含铜高强度低合金(HSLA)钢微观结构和机械性能的影响
IF 1.6 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03387-9
A. Venkata Ramana, I. Balasundar, M. J. Davidson

A Cu-Containing high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel was subjected to single-stage near-isothermal forging followed by different post-deformation cooling rates. The effect of different cooling media such as water, air and furnace on the microstructure evolution and mechanical characteristics of the HSLA steel was evaluated. The hierarchical microstructures of HSLA steel were investigated by different microstructural characteristic techniques to draw a correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties. The HSLA steel exhibits predominantly martensitic microstructure with or without bainite irrespective of the cooling media. However, the morphology of the martensite was found to be dependent on the cooling rate. The effect of cooling medium on grain size was systematically shown by reconstruction of prior austenite grain boundaries from electron back-scattered diffraction investigation. Faster cooling results in higher yield and tensile strength due to predominant martensitic structure while relatively slower cooling rates result in comparatively lower strength values with a corresponding increase in ductility. This is attributed to the presence of retained austenite in the HSLA steel with decreasing cooling rate. An impact toughness of ≥ 50 J was obtained at subambient temperature of − 40 °C irrespective of the cooling rate.

对一种含铜高强度低合金(HSLA)钢进行了单段近等温锻造,然后采用不同的变形后冷却速率。评估了不同冷却介质(如水、空气和熔炉)对 HSLA 钢微观结构演变和机械特性的影响。通过不同的微观结构特征技术研究了 HSLA 钢的分层微观结构,从而得出微观结构与机械性能之间的相关性。无论采用哪种冷却介质,HSLA 钢的微观组织都以马氏体为主,并伴有或不伴有贝氏体。然而,马氏体的形态与冷却速度有关。冷却介质对晶粒大小的影响是通过电子反向散射衍射研究重建先前的奥氏体晶界来系统显示的。由于马氏体结构占主导地位,冷却速度越快,屈服强度和拉伸强度越高;而冷却速度相对较慢,强度值相对较低,但延展性相应增加。这是因为随着冷却速度的降低,HSLA 钢中存在残余奥氏体。无论冷却速度如何,在-40 °C的亚环境温度下都能获得≥ 50 J的冲击韧性。
{"title":"Effect of Post-Deformation Cooling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Cu-Containing High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Steel","authors":"A. Venkata Ramana, I. Balasundar, M. J. Davidson","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03387-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03387-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Cu-Containing high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel was subjected to single-stage near-isothermal forging followed by different post-deformation cooling rates. The effect of different cooling media such as water, air and furnace on the microstructure evolution and mechanical characteristics of the HSLA steel was evaluated. The hierarchical microstructures of HSLA steel were investigated by different microstructural characteristic techniques to draw a correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties. The HSLA steel exhibits predominantly martensitic microstructure with or without bainite irrespective of the cooling media. However, the morphology of the martensite was found to be dependent on the cooling rate. The effect of cooling medium on grain size was systematically shown by reconstruction of prior austenite grain boundaries from electron back-scattered diffraction investigation. Faster cooling results in higher yield and tensile strength due to predominant martensitic structure while relatively slower cooling rates result in comparatively lower strength values with a corresponding increase in ductility. This is attributed to the presence of retained austenite in the HSLA steel with decreasing cooling rate. An impact toughness of ≥ 50 J was obtained at subambient temperature of − 40 °C irrespective of the cooling rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Nitrogen on the Precipitation and Pitting Corrosion Susceptibility of High Nitrogen 316SS Weld 氮对高氮 316SS 焊缝沉淀和点腐蚀敏感性的影响
IF 1.6 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03385-x
Srinivas Mannepalli, Ravi Shankar Anne, Sublime Ningshen

The present study aimed to understand the effect of nitrogen on the carbide precipitation and its influence on pitting corrosion of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen 316SS weld. Nitrogen addition to weld reduces Cr availability sites in ferrite and enhances Cr in nearby austenite. Although higher carbon and continuous ferrite with ferritic austenitic mode exist, the changes in the degree of sensitisation were avoided at all the stages, and marginal changes in pitting potential (Epit) at 898 K/100 h and 998 K/24 h were observed. Nitrogen addition to weld further reduced the number of stable pits in ferrite and austenite, and the protectiveness of passive film was affected by nitrogen in ferrite and austenite, which affected pit propagation. This results in stable pits in ferrite and austenite, which affects pit propagation during thermal ageing.

本研究旨在了解氮对碳化物析出的影响及其对保护金属电弧焊高氮 316SS 焊缝点腐蚀的影响。在焊缝中添加氮会减少铁素体中的铬可用位点,并增加附近奥氏体中的铬。虽然存在较高的碳和连续的铁素体与铁素体奥氏体模式,但在所有阶段都避免了敏化程度的变化,而且在 898 K/100 h 和 998 K/24 h 点蚀电位 (Epit) 发生了微小变化。在焊缝中添加氮进一步减少了铁素体和奥氏体中稳定凹坑的数量,被动膜的保护性受到铁素体和奥氏体中氮的影响,从而影响了凹坑的扩展。这导致了铁素体和奥氏体中的稳定凹坑,从而影响了热老化过程中凹坑的扩展。
{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen on the Precipitation and Pitting Corrosion Susceptibility of High Nitrogen 316SS Weld","authors":"Srinivas Mannepalli, Ravi Shankar Anne, Sublime Ningshen","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03385-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03385-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to understand the effect of nitrogen on the carbide precipitation and its influence on pitting corrosion of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen 316SS weld. Nitrogen addition to weld reduces Cr availability sites in ferrite and enhances Cr in nearby austenite. Although higher carbon and continuous ferrite with ferritic austenitic mode exist, the changes in the degree of sensitisation were avoided at all the stages, and marginal changes in pitting potential (<i>E</i><sub>pit</sub>) at 898 K/100 h and 998 K/24 h were observed. Nitrogen addition to weld further reduced the number of stable pits in ferrite and austenite, and the protectiveness of passive film was affected by nitrogen in ferrite and austenite, which affected pit propagation. This results in stable pits in ferrite and austenite, which affects pit propagation during thermal ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revealing Deformation Heterogeneity of an Aluminum Alloy During Friction Stir Spot Welding: An EBSD Investigation 揭示摩擦搅拌点焊过程中铝合金的变形异质性:EBSD 研究
IF 1.6 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03384-y
Hiba Azzeddine, Thierry Baudin, François Brisset, Sandrine Bozzi

Large electron backscatter diffraction area maps were used in the present work to characterize the microstructure and texture near the horizontal and vertical keyhole peripheries of the AA5182 alloy after friction stir spot welding. The findings demonstrate that the horizontal keyhole peripheric comprises a stirred zone (SZ) and a thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The SZ started 300 µm away from the keyhole center and became thicker with increasing horizontal distance. The texture gradually changed from shear ({A}_{1}^{*}/{A}_{2}^{*}) components at the SZ to rolling cube, goss, and brass components at the TMAZ. The vertical keyhole peripheric is mainly composed of SZ with an onion ring grain structure and is dominated by the C shear component.

本研究采用大型电子反向散射衍射区域图来表征摩擦搅拌点焊后 AA5182 合金水平和垂直键孔周边附近的微观结构和纹理。研究结果表明,水平键孔周边包括搅拌区(SZ)和热机械影响区(TMAZ)。搅拌区从距锁孔中心 300 微米处开始,随着水平距离的增加而变厚。纹理从 SZ 的剪切({A}_{1}^{*}/{A}_{2}^{*})成分逐渐转变为 TMAZ 的轧制立方体、戈斯和黄铜成分。垂直锁孔外围主要由具有洋葱圈晶粒结构的 SZ 组成,并以 C 剪切分量为主。
{"title":"Revealing Deformation Heterogeneity of an Aluminum Alloy During Friction Stir Spot Welding: An EBSD Investigation","authors":"Hiba Azzeddine, Thierry Baudin, François Brisset, Sandrine Bozzi","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03384-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03384-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large electron backscatter diffraction area maps were used in the present work to characterize the microstructure and texture near the horizontal and vertical keyhole peripheries of the AA5182 alloy after friction stir spot welding. The findings demonstrate that the horizontal keyhole peripheric comprises a stirred zone (SZ) and a thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The SZ started 300 µm away from the keyhole center and became thicker with increasing horizontal distance. The texture gradually changed from shear <span>({A}_{1}^{*}/{A}_{2}^{*})</span> components at the SZ to rolling cube, goss, and brass components at the TMAZ. The vertical keyhole peripheric is mainly composed of SZ with an onion ring grain structure and is dominated by the <i>C</i> shear component.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of Warm and Cold Forging with Friction Welding for Inner Constant Velocity Joints (CVJs) 内等速万向节 (CVJ) 温锻、冷锻与摩擦焊的比较
IF 1.6 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03393-x
Mesut Afseoren, Tugrul Talha Ersoz, Mehmet Yildirim

Driveshafts are used in all vehicles, and their service life is expected to be at least three years or 100.000 km. Many driveshaft manufacturers prefer friction welding due to its relatively cheaper cost and ease of the process. However, they should meet some property-related criteria to achieve the expected lifetime. The forging technique becomes essential to succeed in these mechanical requirements. A comparative study evaluates the performance of constant velocity joints (CVJs) produced by multi-step warm–cold forging and friction welding processes. Medium carbon steels were used in both of the techniques. The microstructures, mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, strength, impact energy and shear strength), low-cycle fatigue (LCF) properties, wear resistance and cost-efficiency (number of operations, material saving, number of produced components and cost) are compared in detail for an industrial production point of view. The experimental results reveal that warm–cold forged specimens exhibit superior mechanical properties such as increased strength, hardness, relatively higher impact energy, improved shear strength, relatively longer LCF life and enhanced wear resistance (lower wear volume loss). In addition, it is also assessed that warm–cold forging is a more cost-effective manufacturing process (reduced weight, decreased number of operations and increased yield) in the production of CVJs compared to the friction welding process.

传动轴用于所有车辆,其使用寿命预计至少为三年或 100 000 公里。由于摩擦焊接成本相对较低且工艺简单,许多传动轴制造商更倾向于使用摩擦焊接。然而,要达到预期的使用寿命,它们必须满足一些与性能相关的标准。锻造技术对于满足这些机械要求至关重要。一项比较研究评估了通过多步冷热锻造和摩擦焊接工艺生产的等速万向节(CVJ)的性能。两种工艺都使用了中碳钢。从工业生产的角度详细比较了微观结构、机械性能(即硬度、强度、冲击能和剪切强度)、低循环疲劳(LCF)性能、耐磨性和成本效益(操作次数、材料节约、生产部件数量和成本)。实验结果表明,温锻-冷锻试样具有更优越的机械性能,如更高的强度和硬度、相对更高的冲击能、更好的剪切强度、相对更长的 LCF 寿命和更强的耐磨性(更低的磨损体积损失)。此外,与摩擦焊接工艺相比,温冷锻造是一种更具成本效益的 CVJ 生产工艺(重量减轻、操作次数减少、成品率提高)。
{"title":"Comparison of Warm and Cold Forging with Friction Welding for Inner Constant Velocity Joints (CVJs)","authors":"Mesut Afseoren, Tugrul Talha Ersoz, Mehmet Yildirim","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03393-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03393-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Driveshafts are used in all vehicles, and their service life is expected to be at least three years or 100.000 km. Many driveshaft manufacturers prefer friction welding due to its relatively cheaper cost and ease of the process. However, they should meet some property-related criteria to achieve the expected lifetime. The forging technique becomes essential to succeed in these mechanical requirements. A comparative study evaluates the performance of constant velocity joints (CVJs) produced by multi-step warm–cold forging and friction welding processes. Medium carbon steels were used in both of the techniques. The microstructures, mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, strength, impact energy and shear strength), low-cycle fatigue (LCF) properties, wear resistance and cost-efficiency (number of operations, material saving, number of produced components and cost) are compared in detail for an industrial production point of view. The experimental results reveal that warm–cold forged specimens exhibit superior mechanical properties such as increased strength, hardness, relatively higher impact energy, improved shear strength, relatively longer LCF life and enhanced wear resistance (lower wear volume loss). In addition, it is also assessed that warm–cold forging is a more cost-effective manufacturing process (reduced weight, decreased number of operations and increased yield) in the production of CVJs compared to the friction welding process.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dissolution Kinetics of Copper from Low-Grade Goldfieldite ore by Hydrometallurgical Routes 通过湿法冶金路线从低品位金田铁矿石中溶解铜的动力学研究
IF 1.6 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03380-2
Kehinde I. Omoniyi, Shemang Y. Chindo, Edith B. Agbaji, Alafara A. Baba, Mustapha A. Raji

In recent times, almost 25% of global copper obtained by leaching-cum-solvent extraction routes is considered profitable for the manufacturing of high-quality cathode material. The dissolution kinetics of copper from low-grade goldfieldite ore was examined in ammonia–ammonium sulfate media. In this study, the influences of leachant concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size on goldfieldite ore dissolution were considered. Thus, the experimental results affirmed that the dissolution rate increases steadily with increase in leachant concentration, reaction temperature, and decreasing particle sizes. At established conditions (0.5 mol/L NH3–(NH4)2SO4; 75 °C; and 45 µm), 89.9% dissolution efficiency was achieved within 120 min. The activation energy (Ea) and reaction order calculated to be 34.8 kJ/mol and 1.045 supported the diffusion control mechanism with a first-order relation. Hence, the pregnant leach solution obtained at the optimal leaching conditions was accordingly treated and beneficiated to produce a high-grade copper chloride (CuCl2: 00-348-1947), recommended for various industrial utilities.

近来,全球近 25% 的铜通过浸出加溶剂萃取的方式获得,被认为是制造优质阴极材料的有利可图之举。研究人员在氨-硫酸铵介质中考察了低品位金田石矿中铜的溶解动力学。在这项研究中,考虑了浸出液浓度、反应温度和粒度对金田石矿石溶解的影响。因此,实验结果证实,随着浸出剂浓度、反应温度的增加以及颗粒尺寸的减小,溶解速率稳步上升。在既定条件下(0.5 mol/L NH3-(NH4)2SO4;75 °C;45 µm),120 分钟内的溶解效率达到 89.9%。计算得出的活化能(Ea)和反应阶数分别为 34.8 kJ/mol 和 1.045,支持具有一阶关系的扩散控制机制。因此,在最佳浸出条件下获得的孕浸溶液经过相应的处理和选矿,生产出高级氯化铜(CuCl2: 00-348-1947),推荐用于各种工业用途。
{"title":"Dissolution Kinetics of Copper from Low-Grade Goldfieldite ore by Hydrometallurgical Routes","authors":"Kehinde I. Omoniyi, Shemang Y. Chindo, Edith B. Agbaji, Alafara A. Baba, Mustapha A. Raji","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03380-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03380-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent times, almost 25% of global copper obtained by leaching-<i>cum</i>-solvent extraction routes is considered profitable for the manufacturing of high-quality cathode material. The dissolution kinetics of copper from low-grade goldfieldite ore was examined in ammonia–ammonium sulfate media. In this study, the influences of leachant concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size on goldfieldite ore dissolution were considered. Thus, the experimental results affirmed that the dissolution rate increases steadily with increase in leachant concentration, reaction temperature, and decreasing particle sizes. At established conditions (0.5 mol/L NH<sub>3</sub>–(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>; 75 °C; and 45 µm), 89.9% dissolution efficiency was achieved within 120 min. The activation energy <i>(Ea)</i> and reaction order calculated to be 34.8 kJ/mol and 1.045 supported the diffusion control mechanism with a first-order relation. Hence, the pregnant leach solution obtained at the optimal leaching conditions was accordingly treated and beneficiated to produce a high-grade <i>copper chloride</i> (CuCl<sub>2</sub>: 00-348-1947), recommended for various industrial utilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characteristics and Evaluation of Al/Al2O3/SiC/Mg Nano-Powder on Perforated SS316L Composite Bimetallic Sheet 穿孔 SS316L 复合双金属片上的 Al/Al2O3/SiC/Mg 纳米粉体的特性与评估
IF 1.6 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03391-z
Ayush Trivedi, Vijay Kumar Dwivedi, Mayank Agarwal

The enhancement of nuclear and high-temperature applications largely depends on the cladding procedure for the composition of bimetallic sheets made of stainless steel. The current study presents a modified version of a unique experimental set-up for a perforated substrate sheet with ball-milled, nano-scale clad powder reinforcement. To create the clad material, Al2O3, SiC nano-sized grain powders and Mg coarse grain powder were combined with fine Al powder particles using a ball milling technique. In parallel, SS316L substrate sheets were utilised to fabricate bimetallic composite sheets and were perforated at regular intervals for a specific area. In an inert gas environment, a conventional heating process with mild initial compaction was offered for the sintering process to progress upon. The influence of the processing on the interfaces is suggested by the microstructure, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and micro-hardness results from different sites in the synthesised bimetallic composite sheet. The processing methods and how they affect the diffusion behaviour of the clad intersection and perforation zone are described in depth in this experimental study.

核能和高温应用的增强在很大程度上取决于不锈钢双金属片成分的包覆程序。目前的研究介绍了一种独特实验装置的改进版,该装置用于带有球磨纳米级包覆粉末增强材料的穿孔基板薄片。为了制造覆层材料,使用球磨技术将 Al2O3、SiC 纳米颗粒粉末和 Mg 粗颗粒粉末与细小的 Al 粉末颗粒结合在一起。同时,利用 SS316L 基板制造双金属复合板材,并在特定区域以一定间隔穿孔。在惰性气体环境中,烧结过程采用传统的加热工艺,初始压实度较低。合成双金属复合片材不同部位的微观结构、能量色散 X 射线(EDX)和显微硬度结果表明了加工过程对界面的影响。本实验研究深入阐述了加工方法及其如何影响包层交叉点和穿孔区的扩散行为。
{"title":"Characteristics and Evaluation of Al/Al2O3/SiC/Mg Nano-Powder on Perforated SS316L Composite Bimetallic Sheet","authors":"Ayush Trivedi, Vijay Kumar Dwivedi, Mayank Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03391-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03391-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The enhancement of nuclear and high-temperature applications largely depends on the cladding procedure for the composition of bimetallic sheets made of stainless steel. The current study presents a modified version of a unique experimental set-up for a perforated substrate sheet with ball-milled, nano-scale clad powder reinforcement. To create the clad material, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, SiC nano-sized grain powders and Mg coarse grain powder were combined with fine Al powder particles using a ball milling technique. In parallel, SS316L substrate sheets were utilised to fabricate bimetallic composite sheets and were perforated at regular intervals for a specific area. In an inert gas environment, a conventional heating process with mild initial compaction was offered for the sintering process to progress upon. The influence of the processing on the interfaces is suggested by the microstructure, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and micro-hardness results from different sites in the synthesised bimetallic composite sheet. The processing methods and how they affect the diffusion behaviour of the clad intersection and perforation zone are described in depth in this experimental study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1