The solidification process and uniaxial tensile test of Al–Cu–Mg alloy at the atomic scale were studied using the molecular dynamics method. The influence of the Mg/Cu ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al–Cu–Mg alloy was investigated. The results indicated that during the solidification, the diffusion coefficient of Mg atoms was the lowest, while that of Al atoms was the highest. There may be strong bonding and strong chemical short range ordered structures between Mg–Mg, Al–Cu, and Mg–Cu atoms. As the uniaxial tensile progressed, the alloy exhibited a transformation of FCC→BCC→HCP phase. With increase of the Mg/Cu ratio, HCP and FCC layer-like phases gradually appeared, promoting the occurrence of twins and stacking faults, which resulted in dislocation slip and stress relaxation. As a result, the material become more prone to deformation, leading to a reduction in tensile strength.
{"title":"Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–Cu–Mg Aluminum Alloy Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation","authors":"Jing Huang, Tengfei Cheng, Wanggang Fang, Xinghai Ren, Xiangqun Duan, Zhigong Xu, Shulin Xiang","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03410-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03410-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The solidification process and uniaxial tensile test of Al–Cu–Mg alloy at the atomic scale were studied using the molecular dynamics method. The influence of the Mg/Cu ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al–Cu–Mg alloy was investigated. The results indicated that during the solidification, the diffusion coefficient of Mg atoms was the lowest, while that of Al atoms was the highest. There may be strong bonding and strong chemical short range ordered structures between Mg–Mg, Al–Cu, and Mg–Cu atoms. As the uniaxial tensile progressed, the alloy exhibited a transformation of FCC→BCC→HCP phase. With increase of the Mg/Cu ratio, HCP and FCC layer-like phases gradually appeared, promoting the occurrence of twins and stacking faults, which resulted in dislocation slip and stress relaxation. As a result, the material become more prone to deformation, leading to a reduction in tensile strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03392-y
A. Manivannan, R. Sasikumar, T. Nithyanandam, C. Ganesan
The effectiveness of improvising heat transfer material when building heat sinks gave rise to the concept for this study. The development of composites, more specifically, aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), which are the parent material of heat sinks, led to the evolution of this idea (AA 6061). The viable low-cost stir casting process for composites manufacturing has two significant drawbacks: agglomeration and non-uniform dispersion. This study investigated the efficient dispersal of reinforcement fragments in base metal (AA 6061 T-6) using the patented two-step stir casting method and the innovatively fed exemplary encapsulation method. This study’s optical and scanning electron microscopy photos verify the reinforcement’s equated dispersion. Thermo-Mechanical Analyzer (TMA), Dilatometry Tester, Laser Flash Apparatus (LFA), and pin–fin apparatus verify the newly designed potential substitute material for fabrication of the heat sinks.
{"title":"Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Advanced Aluminum Composites for Heat Transfer Properties","authors":"A. Manivannan, R. Sasikumar, T. Nithyanandam, C. Ganesan","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03392-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03392-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effectiveness of improvising heat transfer material when building heat sinks gave rise to the concept for this study. The development of composites, more specifically, aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), which are the parent material of heat sinks, led to the evolution of this idea (AA 6061). The viable low-cost stir casting process for composites manufacturing has two significant drawbacks: agglomeration and non-uniform dispersion. This study investigated the efficient dispersal of reinforcement fragments in base metal (AA 6061 T-6) using the patented two-step stir casting method and the innovatively fed exemplary encapsulation method. This study’s optical and scanning electron microscopy photos verify the reinforcement’s equated dispersion. Thermo-Mechanical Analyzer (TMA), Dilatometry Tester, Laser Flash Apparatus (LFA), and pin–fin apparatus verify the newly designed potential substitute material for fabrication of the heat sinks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03398-6
G. Sathiyaseelan, C. Bhagyanathan
This study is aimed at extracting γ- and θ-alumina from recycled black aluminium dross for catalytic applications, employing a novel hybrid pyro–hydrometallurgical approach as a waste management technique. The process begins with the extraction of elements from aluminium black dross, controlled heating at 680 °C leverages residue heat resources, essential in optimizing resource utilization. Further alkali metal halides addition is done to significantly enhance efficiency in melting aluminium–low magnesium (≤ 1%) scraps. Optimization in filtration was conducted at 900 RPM and temperatures near 50 °C to refine the purification process and eliminate impurities. Slow calcination was done at 100 °C for over 40 min, the salt cake allowing dissolution in a 3 M NaOH solution to achieve a critical pH value of 11.72. The precise pH neutralization was done by using a 3:1 H2SO4 solution to form aluminium hydroxide through the precipitation method at a pH level of 7, a pivotal precursor in alumina extraction. A detailed analysis of post-low-temperature calcination, ranging from room temperature to 800 °C for 10 min, was done. Furthermore, a thorough examination of residues and extracted γ- and θ-alumina was done using XRD, SEM–EDS, and ICP-OES techniques. About 79% of alumina was recovered from black aluminium dross. The proposed technique extracted alumina with a purity of 94.9% with a particle size of 318 nm.
{"title":"Utilizing γ- and θ-Alumina from Aluminium Black Dross for Catalytic Applications: Hybrid Sustainable Pyro–Hydrometallurgy and Residue Heat Utilization","authors":"G. Sathiyaseelan, C. Bhagyanathan","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03398-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03398-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study is aimed at extracting γ- and θ-alumina from recycled black aluminium dross for catalytic applications, employing a novel hybrid pyro–hydrometallurgical approach as a waste management technique. The process begins with the extraction of elements from aluminium black dross, controlled heating at 680 °C leverages residue heat resources, essential in optimizing resource utilization. Further alkali metal halides addition is done to significantly enhance efficiency in melting aluminium–low magnesium (≤ 1%) scraps. Optimization in filtration was conducted at 900 RPM and temperatures near 50 °C to refine the purification process and eliminate impurities. Slow calcination was done at 100 °C for over 40 min, the salt cake allowing dissolution in a 3 M NaOH solution to achieve a critical pH value of 11.72. The precise pH neutralization was done by using a 3:1 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution to form aluminium hydroxide through the precipitation method at a pH level of 7, a pivotal precursor in alumina extraction. A detailed analysis of post-low-temperature calcination, ranging from room temperature to 800 °C for 10 min, was done. Furthermore, a thorough examination of residues and extracted γ- and θ-alumina was done using XRD, SEM–EDS, and ICP-OES techniques. About 79% of alumina was recovered from black aluminium dross. The proposed technique extracted alumina with a purity of 94.9% with a particle size of 318 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03399-5
Sangeetha Jayakumar, Mohammed Jouhar, Fouzia Khan, M. Vadivel, T. Nandakumar, B. B. Lahiri, John Philip
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based analysis on the corrosion inhibition properties of aqueous black seed extract for mild steel exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution is reported here. At ~ 600 ppm inhibitor concentration, corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency are found to be ~ 0.18 ± 0.1 mpy and ~ 94%, respectively. The superior corrosion inhibition is due to the adsorption of the phytochemicals onto the metallic surface, as confirmed from spectroscopic analysis. Findings show the suitability of the black seed extract for practical applications at neutral pH and room temperature. AFM and magnetic force microscopy indicate lower surface roughness and nearly pristine topography for the inhibitor-protected specimens. In situ AFM analyses indicate delayed formation of surface irregularities for the inhibitor-protected specimens. The obtained results clearly show the superior corrosion inhibition efficiency of the aqueous black seed extract against mild steel under simulated sea water condition.
{"title":"Aqueous Black Seed (Nigella sativa L.) Extract-Mediated Corrosion Inhibition in Mild Steel Exposed to 3.5% NaCl: Effect of Temperature, pH, Time, and In Situ Analysis Using Atomic Force Microscopy","authors":"Sangeetha Jayakumar, Mohammed Jouhar, Fouzia Khan, M. Vadivel, T. Nandakumar, B. B. Lahiri, John Philip","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03399-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03399-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based analysis on the corrosion inhibition properties of aqueous black seed extract for mild steel exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution is reported here. At ~ 600 ppm inhibitor concentration, corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency are found to be ~ 0.18 ± 0.1 mpy and ~ 94%, respectively. The superior corrosion inhibition is due to the adsorption of the phytochemicals onto the metallic surface, as confirmed from spectroscopic analysis. Findings show the suitability of the black seed extract for practical applications at neutral pH and room temperature. AFM and magnetic force microscopy indicate lower surface roughness and nearly pristine topography for the inhibitor-protected specimens. In situ AFM analyses indicate delayed formation of surface irregularities for the inhibitor-protected specimens. The obtained results clearly show the superior corrosion inhibition efficiency of the aqueous black seed extract against mild steel under simulated sea water condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03387-9
A. Venkata Ramana, I. Balasundar, M. J. Davidson
A Cu-Containing high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel was subjected to single-stage near-isothermal forging followed by different post-deformation cooling rates. The effect of different cooling media such as water, air and furnace on the microstructure evolution and mechanical characteristics of the HSLA steel was evaluated. The hierarchical microstructures of HSLA steel were investigated by different microstructural characteristic techniques to draw a correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties. The HSLA steel exhibits predominantly martensitic microstructure with or without bainite irrespective of the cooling media. However, the morphology of the martensite was found to be dependent on the cooling rate. The effect of cooling medium on grain size was systematically shown by reconstruction of prior austenite grain boundaries from electron back-scattered diffraction investigation. Faster cooling results in higher yield and tensile strength due to predominant martensitic structure while relatively slower cooling rates result in comparatively lower strength values with a corresponding increase in ductility. This is attributed to the presence of retained austenite in the HSLA steel with decreasing cooling rate. An impact toughness of ≥ 50 J was obtained at subambient temperature of − 40 °C irrespective of the cooling rate.
{"title":"Effect of Post-Deformation Cooling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Cu-Containing High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Steel","authors":"A. Venkata Ramana, I. Balasundar, M. J. Davidson","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03387-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03387-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Cu-Containing high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel was subjected to single-stage near-isothermal forging followed by different post-deformation cooling rates. The effect of different cooling media such as water, air and furnace on the microstructure evolution and mechanical characteristics of the HSLA steel was evaluated. The hierarchical microstructures of HSLA steel were investigated by different microstructural characteristic techniques to draw a correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties. The HSLA steel exhibits predominantly martensitic microstructure with or without bainite irrespective of the cooling media. However, the morphology of the martensite was found to be dependent on the cooling rate. The effect of cooling medium on grain size was systematically shown by reconstruction of prior austenite grain boundaries from electron back-scattered diffraction investigation. Faster cooling results in higher yield and tensile strength due to predominant martensitic structure while relatively slower cooling rates result in comparatively lower strength values with a corresponding increase in ductility. This is attributed to the presence of retained austenite in the HSLA steel with decreasing cooling rate. An impact toughness of ≥ 50 J was obtained at subambient temperature of − 40 °C irrespective of the cooling rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03385-x
Srinivas Mannepalli, Ravi Shankar Anne, Sublime Ningshen
The present study aimed to understand the effect of nitrogen on the carbide precipitation and its influence on pitting corrosion of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen 316SS weld. Nitrogen addition to weld reduces Cr availability sites in ferrite and enhances Cr in nearby austenite. Although higher carbon and continuous ferrite with ferritic austenitic mode exist, the changes in the degree of sensitisation were avoided at all the stages, and marginal changes in pitting potential (Epit) at 898 K/100 h and 998 K/24 h were observed. Nitrogen addition to weld further reduced the number of stable pits in ferrite and austenite, and the protectiveness of passive film was affected by nitrogen in ferrite and austenite, which affected pit propagation. This results in stable pits in ferrite and austenite, which affects pit propagation during thermal ageing.
本研究旨在了解氮对碳化物析出的影响及其对保护金属电弧焊高氮 316SS 焊缝点腐蚀的影响。在焊缝中添加氮会减少铁素体中的铬可用位点,并增加附近奥氏体中的铬。虽然存在较高的碳和连续的铁素体与铁素体奥氏体模式,但在所有阶段都避免了敏化程度的变化,而且在 898 K/100 h 和 998 K/24 h 点蚀电位 (Epit) 发生了微小变化。在焊缝中添加氮进一步减少了铁素体和奥氏体中稳定凹坑的数量,被动膜的保护性受到铁素体和奥氏体中氮的影响,从而影响了凹坑的扩展。这导致了铁素体和奥氏体中的稳定凹坑,从而影响了热老化过程中凹坑的扩展。
{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen on the Precipitation and Pitting Corrosion Susceptibility of High Nitrogen 316SS Weld","authors":"Srinivas Mannepalli, Ravi Shankar Anne, Sublime Ningshen","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03385-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03385-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to understand the effect of nitrogen on the carbide precipitation and its influence on pitting corrosion of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen 316SS weld. Nitrogen addition to weld reduces Cr availability sites in ferrite and enhances Cr in nearby austenite. Although higher carbon and continuous ferrite with ferritic austenitic mode exist, the changes in the degree of sensitisation were avoided at all the stages, and marginal changes in pitting potential (<i>E</i><sub>pit</sub>) at 898 K/100 h and 998 K/24 h were observed. Nitrogen addition to weld further reduced the number of stable pits in ferrite and austenite, and the protectiveness of passive film was affected by nitrogen in ferrite and austenite, which affected pit propagation. This results in stable pits in ferrite and austenite, which affects pit propagation during thermal ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03384-y
Hiba Azzeddine, Thierry Baudin, François Brisset, Sandrine Bozzi
Large electron backscatter diffraction area maps were used in the present work to characterize the microstructure and texture near the horizontal and vertical keyhole peripheries of the AA5182 alloy after friction stir spot welding. The findings demonstrate that the horizontal keyhole peripheric comprises a stirred zone (SZ) and a thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The SZ started 300 µm away from the keyhole center and became thicker with increasing horizontal distance. The texture gradually changed from shear ({A}_{1}^{*}/{A}_{2}^{*}) components at the SZ to rolling cube, goss, and brass components at the TMAZ. The vertical keyhole peripheric is mainly composed of SZ with an onion ring grain structure and is dominated by the C shear component.
{"title":"Revealing Deformation Heterogeneity of an Aluminum Alloy During Friction Stir Spot Welding: An EBSD Investigation","authors":"Hiba Azzeddine, Thierry Baudin, François Brisset, Sandrine Bozzi","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03384-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03384-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large electron backscatter diffraction area maps were used in the present work to characterize the microstructure and texture near the horizontal and vertical keyhole peripheries of the AA5182 alloy after friction stir spot welding. The findings demonstrate that the horizontal keyhole peripheric comprises a stirred zone (SZ) and a thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The SZ started 300 µm away from the keyhole center and became thicker with increasing horizontal distance. The texture gradually changed from shear <span>({A}_{1}^{*}/{A}_{2}^{*})</span> components at the SZ to rolling cube, goss, and brass components at the TMAZ. The vertical keyhole peripheric is mainly composed of SZ with an onion ring grain structure and is dominated by the <i>C</i> shear component.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03393-x
Mesut Afseoren, Tugrul Talha Ersoz, Mehmet Yildirim
Driveshafts are used in all vehicles, and their service life is expected to be at least three years or 100.000 km. Many driveshaft manufacturers prefer friction welding due to its relatively cheaper cost and ease of the process. However, they should meet some property-related criteria to achieve the expected lifetime. The forging technique becomes essential to succeed in these mechanical requirements. A comparative study evaluates the performance of constant velocity joints (CVJs) produced by multi-step warm–cold forging and friction welding processes. Medium carbon steels were used in both of the techniques. The microstructures, mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, strength, impact energy and shear strength), low-cycle fatigue (LCF) properties, wear resistance and cost-efficiency (number of operations, material saving, number of produced components and cost) are compared in detail for an industrial production point of view. The experimental results reveal that warm–cold forged specimens exhibit superior mechanical properties such as increased strength, hardness, relatively higher impact energy, improved shear strength, relatively longer LCF life and enhanced wear resistance (lower wear volume loss). In addition, it is also assessed that warm–cold forging is a more cost-effective manufacturing process (reduced weight, decreased number of operations and increased yield) in the production of CVJs compared to the friction welding process.
{"title":"Comparison of Warm and Cold Forging with Friction Welding for Inner Constant Velocity Joints (CVJs)","authors":"Mesut Afseoren, Tugrul Talha Ersoz, Mehmet Yildirim","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03393-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03393-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Driveshafts are used in all vehicles, and their service life is expected to be at least three years or 100.000 km. Many driveshaft manufacturers prefer friction welding due to its relatively cheaper cost and ease of the process. However, they should meet some property-related criteria to achieve the expected lifetime. The forging technique becomes essential to succeed in these mechanical requirements. A comparative study evaluates the performance of constant velocity joints (CVJs) produced by multi-step warm–cold forging and friction welding processes. Medium carbon steels were used in both of the techniques. The microstructures, mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, strength, impact energy and shear strength), low-cycle fatigue (LCF) properties, wear resistance and cost-efficiency (number of operations, material saving, number of produced components and cost) are compared in detail for an industrial production point of view. The experimental results reveal that warm–cold forged specimens exhibit superior mechanical properties such as increased strength, hardness, relatively higher impact energy, improved shear strength, relatively longer LCF life and enhanced wear resistance (lower wear volume loss). In addition, it is also assessed that warm–cold forging is a more cost-effective manufacturing process (reduced weight, decreased number of operations and increased yield) in the production of CVJs compared to the friction welding process.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1007/s12666-024-03380-2
Kehinde I. Omoniyi, Shemang Y. Chindo, Edith B. Agbaji, Alafara A. Baba, Mustapha A. Raji
In recent times, almost 25% of global copper obtained by leaching-cum-solvent extraction routes is considered profitable for the manufacturing of high-quality cathode material. The dissolution kinetics of copper from low-grade goldfieldite ore was examined in ammonia–ammonium sulfate media. In this study, the influences of leachant concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size on goldfieldite ore dissolution were considered. Thus, the experimental results affirmed that the dissolution rate increases steadily with increase in leachant concentration, reaction temperature, and decreasing particle sizes. At established conditions (0.5 mol/L NH3–(NH4)2SO4; 75 °C; and 45 µm), 89.9% dissolution efficiency was achieved within 120 min. The activation energy (Ea) and reaction order calculated to be 34.8 kJ/mol and 1.045 supported the diffusion control mechanism with a first-order relation. Hence, the pregnant leach solution obtained at the optimal leaching conditions was accordingly treated and beneficiated to produce a high-grade copper chloride (CuCl2: 00-348-1947), recommended for various industrial utilities.
{"title":"Dissolution Kinetics of Copper from Low-Grade Goldfieldite ore by Hydrometallurgical Routes","authors":"Kehinde I. Omoniyi, Shemang Y. Chindo, Edith B. Agbaji, Alafara A. Baba, Mustapha A. Raji","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03380-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03380-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent times, almost 25% of global copper obtained by leaching-<i>cum</i>-solvent extraction routes is considered profitable for the manufacturing of high-quality cathode material. The dissolution kinetics of copper from low-grade goldfieldite ore was examined in ammonia–ammonium sulfate media. In this study, the influences of leachant concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size on goldfieldite ore dissolution were considered. Thus, the experimental results affirmed that the dissolution rate increases steadily with increase in leachant concentration, reaction temperature, and decreasing particle sizes. At established conditions (0.5 mol/L NH<sub>3</sub>–(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>; 75 °C; and 45 µm), 89.9% dissolution efficiency was achieved within 120 min. The activation energy <i>(Ea)</i> and reaction order calculated to be 34.8 kJ/mol and 1.045 supported the diffusion control mechanism with a first-order relation. Hence, the pregnant leach solution obtained at the optimal leaching conditions was accordingly treated and beneficiated to produce a high-grade <i>copper chloride</i> (CuCl<sub>2</sub>: 00-348-1947), recommended for various industrial utilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The enhancement of nuclear and high-temperature applications largely depends on the cladding procedure for the composition of bimetallic sheets made of stainless steel. The current study presents a modified version of a unique experimental set-up for a perforated substrate sheet with ball-milled, nano-scale clad powder reinforcement. To create the clad material, Al2O3, SiC nano-sized grain powders and Mg coarse grain powder were combined with fine Al powder particles using a ball milling technique. In parallel, SS316L substrate sheets were utilised to fabricate bimetallic composite sheets and were perforated at regular intervals for a specific area. In an inert gas environment, a conventional heating process with mild initial compaction was offered for the sintering process to progress upon. The influence of the processing on the interfaces is suggested by the microstructure, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and micro-hardness results from different sites in the synthesised bimetallic composite sheet. The processing methods and how they affect the diffusion behaviour of the clad intersection and perforation zone are described in depth in this experimental study.
核能和高温应用的增强在很大程度上取决于不锈钢双金属片成分的包覆程序。目前的研究介绍了一种独特实验装置的改进版,该装置用于带有球磨纳米级包覆粉末增强材料的穿孔基板薄片。为了制造覆层材料,使用球磨技术将 Al2O3、SiC 纳米颗粒粉末和 Mg 粗颗粒粉末与细小的 Al 粉末颗粒结合在一起。同时,利用 SS316L 基板制造双金属复合板材,并在特定区域以一定间隔穿孔。在惰性气体环境中,烧结过程采用传统的加热工艺,初始压实度较低。合成双金属复合片材不同部位的微观结构、能量色散 X 射线(EDX)和显微硬度结果表明了加工过程对界面的影响。本实验研究深入阐述了加工方法及其如何影响包层交叉点和穿孔区的扩散行为。
{"title":"Characteristics and Evaluation of Al/Al2O3/SiC/Mg Nano-Powder on Perforated SS316L Composite Bimetallic Sheet","authors":"Ayush Trivedi, Vijay Kumar Dwivedi, Mayank Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03391-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03391-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The enhancement of nuclear and high-temperature applications largely depends on the cladding procedure for the composition of bimetallic sheets made of stainless steel. The current study presents a modified version of a unique experimental set-up for a perforated substrate sheet with ball-milled, nano-scale clad powder reinforcement. To create the clad material, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, SiC nano-sized grain powders and Mg coarse grain powder were combined with fine Al powder particles using a ball milling technique. In parallel, SS316L substrate sheets were utilised to fabricate bimetallic composite sheets and were perforated at regular intervals for a specific area. In an inert gas environment, a conventional heating process with mild initial compaction was offered for the sintering process to progress upon. The influence of the processing on the interfaces is suggested by the microstructure, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and micro-hardness results from different sites in the synthesised bimetallic composite sheet. The processing methods and how they affect the diffusion behaviour of the clad intersection and perforation zone are described in depth in this experimental study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}