Pub Date : 1974-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800015076
{"title":"TRE volume 69 issue 7 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800015076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23232,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83364553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800015131
{"title":"TRE volume 69 issue 9 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800015131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23232,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85871392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800015143
G. Farrow
Synopsis Holocene carbonates rest unconformably on Lewisian gneiss in an almost land-locked bay sheltered from Atlantic waves by sand dunes: frosts are rare and cockles, the dominant species, may reach 16 years of age. Five intertidal zones are recognised: algal mat, Arenicola sand, Cardium shell sand, Lanice sand, Ensis sand. Transgressive shellbanks composed solely of cockles and linguoid in form, are advancing over the Arenicola sand towards the shore, earlier seaward positions being indicated by hard-packed areas of shell pavement. Comparison of 1973 positions with those on aerial photographs taken in 1965 demonstrates a maximum transgression of 150 m over the past eight years, but in 1948 banks were smaller and most material was onshore as a chenier. Different age-groups are dominant in different parts of the beach: young cockles high on the shore; older, partially epifaunal individuals towards low water. In any one age-group shell height is inversely related to distance from LWM. By analysing the age and growth of dead shells from the banks it is possible to estimate where they originated, and thus how much post-mortem transport they have suffered. In the centre of the bay banks receive 90 per cent of their shells from seaward, the maximum distance travelled being 400 m. During westerly gales adult cockles living high on the shore are blown seawards, though young forms escape by speedier burrowing. This, together with the concentration of oystercatcher predation on small individuals from the more emergent parts of the bay, probably explains why older animals are more abundant on the lower reaches of the shore. Feeding oystercatchers leave many conjoined valves of Cardium on the sediment surface which roll in easily with the tide and replenish the shellbanks. The valves are rarely damaged, though gulls shatter shells by dropping them onto hard areas of pavement. In calm conditions shoreward flotation of both fragments and single valves is important: banks are high and narrow, and accrete by avalanche co-sets of haphazardly arranged whole valves. In stormy conditions much comminuted shell sand is blown onto the beach from the dunes: banks are more spread out, and the shell fabric locally becomes vertically imbricate in response to directly opposed wave systems generated by refraction around the banks.
{"title":"9.—On the Ecology and Sedimentation of the Cardium Shellsands and Transgressive Shellbanks of Traigh Mhor, Island of Barra, Outer Hebrides","authors":"G. Farrow","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800015143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015143","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis Holocene carbonates rest unconformably on Lewisian gneiss in an almost land-locked bay sheltered from Atlantic waves by sand dunes: frosts are rare and cockles, the dominant species, may reach 16 years of age. Five intertidal zones are recognised: algal mat, Arenicola sand, Cardium shell sand, Lanice sand, Ensis sand. Transgressive shellbanks composed solely of cockles and linguoid in form, are advancing over the Arenicola sand towards the shore, earlier seaward positions being indicated by hard-packed areas of shell pavement. Comparison of 1973 positions with those on aerial photographs taken in 1965 demonstrates a maximum transgression of 150 m over the past eight years, but in 1948 banks were smaller and most material was onshore as a chenier. Different age-groups are dominant in different parts of the beach: young cockles high on the shore; older, partially epifaunal individuals towards low water. In any one age-group shell height is inversely related to distance from LWM. By analysing the age and growth of dead shells from the banks it is possible to estimate where they originated, and thus how much post-mortem transport they have suffered. In the centre of the bay banks receive 90 per cent of their shells from seaward, the maximum distance travelled being 400 m. During westerly gales adult cockles living high on the shore are blown seawards, though young forms escape by speedier burrowing. This, together with the concentration of oystercatcher predation on small individuals from the more emergent parts of the bay, probably explains why older animals are more abundant on the lower reaches of the shore. Feeding oystercatchers leave many conjoined valves of Cardium on the sediment surface which roll in easily with the tide and replenish the shellbanks. The valves are rarely damaged, though gulls shatter shells by dropping them onto hard areas of pavement. In calm conditions shoreward flotation of both fragments and single valves is important: banks are high and narrow, and accrete by avalanche co-sets of haphazardly arranged whole valves. In stormy conditions much comminuted shell sand is blown onto the beach from the dunes: banks are more spread out, and the shell fabric locally becomes vertically imbricate in response to directly opposed wave systems generated by refraction around the banks.","PeriodicalId":23232,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81683010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800015040
{"title":"TRE volume 69 issue 6 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800015040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23232,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72837614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800015052
T. Gascoigne
Synopsis Alderia modesta (class Gastropoda, order Sacoglossa) has a central nervous system of a type common in the Stiligeridae and Limapontiidae. The visceral loop is short and bears two ganglia, the abdominal and supra-intestinal. Medio-dorsal bodies, probably neurosecretory in function, are present on the cerebral ganglia. They were also found in eight other species of Sacoglossa and latero-dorsal bodies were noted in Oxynoe viridis (Pease) and Lobiger viridis (Pease). Dissections of sixteen species of Sacoglossa showed that the order may be arranged on the length of the visceral loop and the number of ganglia on it. The evolution of medio-dorsal bodies is discussed.
{"title":"6.—A Re-examination of the Central Nervous System of Alderia modesta (Lovén).","authors":"T. Gascoigne","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800015052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015052","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis Alderia modesta (class Gastropoda, order Sacoglossa) has a central nervous system of a type common in the Stiligeridae and Limapontiidae. The visceral loop is short and bears two ganglia, the abdominal and supra-intestinal. Medio-dorsal bodies, probably neurosecretory in function, are present on the cerebral ganglia. They were also found in eight other species of Sacoglossa and latero-dorsal bodies were noted in Oxynoe viridis (Pease) and Lobiger viridis (Pease). Dissections of sixteen species of Sacoglossa showed that the order may be arranged on the length of the visceral loop and the number of ganglia on it. The evolution of medio-dorsal bodies is discussed.","PeriodicalId":23232,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74149609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800015088
C. Yonge
This address is concerned—not, I feel, unsuitably on this particular occasion—with the two major interests that have occupied me since I began research in marine biology following graduation at Edinburgh in 1922. Initial work on the bivalve molluscs, Mya arenaria and Ostrea edulis, at Edinburgh and Plymouth respectively, was followed by appointment as Balfour Student in the University of Cambridge and leadership of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition of 1928–29. There I made acquaintance with corals, with the reefs they form and with their associated molluscan fauna, which has since been widely extended in other regions of the Indo-Pacific and also in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean in the Atlantic. It is clearly impossible to review this wide subject-matter, this address representing a statement of opinion based largely on the results of personal research.
{"title":"7.—Coral Reefs and Molluscs","authors":"C. Yonge","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800015088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015088","url":null,"abstract":"This address is concerned—not, I feel, unsuitably on this particular occasion—with the two major interests that have occupied me since I began research in marine biology following graduation at Edinburgh in 1922. Initial work on the bivalve molluscs, Mya arenaria and Ostrea edulis, at Edinburgh and Plymouth respectively, was followed by appointment as Balfour Student in the University of Cambridge and leadership of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition of 1928–29. There I made acquaintance with corals, with the reefs they form and with their associated molluscan fauna, which has since been widely extended in other regions of the Indo-Pacific and also in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean in the Atlantic. It is clearly impossible to review this wide subject-matter, this address representing a statement of opinion based largely on the results of personal research.","PeriodicalId":23232,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78949913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800015039
{"title":"TRE volume 69 issue 6 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800015039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23232,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73400659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800015118
R. Donovan, Richard J. Foster, T. S. Westoll
Synopsis The stratigraphy of the Old Red Sandstone between Latheron and Brough in north-eastern Caithness has been revised. Stratigraphical subdivision in this area is primarily based on variations in lithology but is supported by the recognition of distinct faunal assemblages. The terms Wick Flagstone and Thurso Flagstone are discarded both as Group and Formation names and in their place type sequences different from those given by the Survey are proposed on the basis of the more continuous exposure seen between Ellens Goe and Latheron in eastern Caithness and in the Ham/Scarfskerry area of northern Caithness. The revision has been facilitated by an analysis of the structure of the area which suggests that a variable c. east-west compression has been the dominant controlling factor in the development of the structure of Caithness. As a result of the revision the position of the Achanarras Fish Bed is now clear. The Passage Beds Group is no longer considered a meaningful subdivision as it is partly overlain by and partly overlies this Fish Bed. The John o' Groats Sandstone Group is thought to probably overlie the Caithness Flagstones conformably. The following major stratigraphical subdivisions are recognised: D. John o' Groats Sandstone Group. C. Upper Caithness Flagstone Group (c) Mey Subgroup (b) Ham-Scarfskerry Subgroup (a) Latheron Subgroup. B. Lower Caithness Flagstone Group (position of Achanarras Fish Bed) (d) Robbery Head Subgroup (c) Lybster Subgroup (b) Hillhead Red Bed Subgroup (a) Clyth Subgroup. A. Sarclet Group. A typographical device is used for formal description of formations and groups whose boundaries are truncated by faults.
对英国东北部Latheron - Brough古红砂岩地层进行了订正。该地区的地层划分主要基于岩性的变化，但也得到了对不同动物组合的认识的支持。Wick Flagstone和Thurso Flagstone这两个术语作为组名和组名都被抛弃了，它们的位置类型序列也与调查中给出的不同，这是基于凯斯内斯东部的Ellens Goe和Latheron以及凯斯内斯北部的Ham/ scarfskery地区之间更连续的暴露而提出的。对该地区构造的分析表明，一个可变的c.东西挤压是凯斯尼斯构造发展的主要控制因素，从而促进了对该地区构造的修正。由于修订的结果，阿查那拉斯鱼床的位置现在是明确的。通道床群不再被认为是一个有意义的细分，因为它部分覆盖在鱼床上，部分覆盖在鱼床上。John o' Groats砂岩群被认为可能整合在凯斯内斯石板之上。主要的地层划分如下:D. John o' Groats砂岩群。c .上Caithness Flagstone群(c) Mey亚群(b) ham - scarfskery亚群(a) Latheron亚群。b .下Caithness石板群(Achanarras鱼床位置)(d)抢劫案头亚群(c) Lybster亚群(b) Hillhead红床亚群(a) Clyth亚群。A. Sarclet集团。印刷设备用于对边界被断层截断的构造和组进行正式描述。
{"title":"8.—A Stratigraphical Revision of the Old Red Sandstone of North-eastern Caithness","authors":"R. Donovan, Richard J. Foster, T. S. Westoll","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800015118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800015118","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis The stratigraphy of the Old Red Sandstone between Latheron and Brough in north-eastern Caithness has been revised. Stratigraphical subdivision in this area is primarily based on variations in lithology but is supported by the recognition of distinct faunal assemblages. The terms Wick Flagstone and Thurso Flagstone are discarded both as Group and Formation names and in their place type sequences different from those given by the Survey are proposed on the basis of the more continuous exposure seen between Ellens Goe and Latheron in eastern Caithness and in the Ham/Scarfskerry area of northern Caithness. The revision has been facilitated by an analysis of the structure of the area which suggests that a variable c. east-west compression has been the dominant controlling factor in the development of the structure of Caithness. As a result of the revision the position of the Achanarras Fish Bed is now clear. The Passage Beds Group is no longer considered a meaningful subdivision as it is partly overlain by and partly overlies this Fish Bed. The John o' Groats Sandstone Group is thought to probably overlie the Caithness Flagstones conformably. The following major stratigraphical subdivisions are recognised: D. John o' Groats Sandstone Group. C. Upper Caithness Flagstone Group (c) Mey Subgroup (b) Ham-Scarfskerry Subgroup (a) Latheron Subgroup. B. Lower Caithness Flagstone Group (position of Achanarras Fish Bed) (d) Robbery Head Subgroup (c) Lybster Subgroup (b) Hillhead Red Bed Subgroup (a) Clyth Subgroup. A. Sarclet Group. A typographical device is used for formal description of formations and groups whose boundaries are truncated by faults.","PeriodicalId":23232,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84687747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800014976
{"title":"TRE volume 69 issue 4 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800014976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800014976","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23232,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72548328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-01-01DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800014964
A. Sanderson
Synopsis Karyograms prepared from ovarian and blastoderm cells of the parthenogenetic Australian Brown Vegetable Weevil demonstrate a consistent triploid condition with 30 chromosomes which can be grouped into 10 sets of homologues. Meiosis is replaced by a single mitotic-like division in which 30 univalent chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids, divide equationally between an ootid nucleus and a single polar nucleus. Prior to the differentiation of the oocytes a peculiar bouquet stage occurs in the cells of the end chamber of each ovariole, but the significance of this phase is not known. Arrested development in eggs from individuals of low fertility is investigated and the relationship of body size and chromosome number is discussed.
{"title":"3.—The Cytology of the Parthenogenetic Australian Weevil Listroderes costirostris Schönh","authors":"A. Sanderson","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800014964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800014964","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis Karyograms prepared from ovarian and blastoderm cells of the parthenogenetic Australian Brown Vegetable Weevil demonstrate a consistent triploid condition with 30 chromosomes which can be grouped into 10 sets of homologues. Meiosis is replaced by a single mitotic-like division in which 30 univalent chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids, divide equationally between an ootid nucleus and a single polar nucleus. Prior to the differentiation of the oocytes a peculiar bouquet stage occurs in the cells of the end chamber of each ovariole, but the significance of this phase is not known. Arrested development in eggs from individuals of low fertility is investigated and the relationship of body size and chromosome number is discussed.","PeriodicalId":23232,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79791551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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